DOCSLIB.ORG

Melliferous Plants Threatened to Disappearance in Togo

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Melliferous Plants Threatened to Disappearance in Togo Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International 3(2): 49-58, 2015; Article no.JAERI.2015.031 SCIENCEDOMAIN international www.sciencedomain.org Melliferous Plants Threatened to Disappearance in Togo M. Koudégnan Comlan1*, Akpavi Sêmihinva2 and Edorh Thérèse3 1Palynology, Algology and Paleoecology Laboratory, Botanic and Ecology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lome, Togo. 2Botanic and Ecology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lome, Togo. 3Palynology, Palynology, Algology and Paleoecology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lome, Togo. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/JAERI/2015/11818 Editor(s): (1) Claudius Marondedze , Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Reviewers: (1) Anonymous, Cameroon. (2) Anonymous, USA. (3) Tzasna Hernandez, Laboratorio de Farmacognosia. UBIPRO, FES Iztacala, UNAM, Mexico. (4) Anonymous, South Africa. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sciencedomain.org/review-history.php?iid=922&id=37&aid=7915 Received 5th June 2014 st Original Research Article Accepted 31 December 2014 th Published 28 January 2015 ABSTRACT Pollinic analysis and apicol surveys conducted between 2009 and 2014 on honey sampled directly in beekeeping areas or outlets have permitted discovery of 330 melliferous species Including 45 species (13.64%) which are threatened to extinction in Togo. Compared with Togolese flora, these plants threatened represent 1.29%. Belong to 43 genres, these species threatened which are food plants can be grouped into 24 families and most at risk are the Malvaceae, Anacardiaceae, Fabaceae and Annonaceae. These plants can be divided into two classes: wild and crops plants. The routinely used parts of these plants are the fruits and leaves. In general, nectar plants are the most represented. Keywords: Melliferous plants; threat; Togo. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ *Corresponding author: Email: [email protected], [email protected]; Koudégnan et al.; JAERI, 3(2): 49-58, 2015; Article no.JAERI.2015.031 ABBREVIATIONS Fig.: figure; - &: and; Trs: tours; -Min: minute; PMAD: Food melliferous plants endangered [In French]; PMSM: Spontaneous minor melliferous plants [In French]; PMCM: Crops minor melliferous plants [In French]; PMSNM: Spontaneous non-minor melliferous plants [In French]. 1. INTRODUCTION This degradation results in major depletion of certain plant species, or even disappearance of Melliferous plants are plants whose flowers the flora of Togo. Actually the flora of Togo is provide nectar or pollen for honey production to evaluated to 3501 species [3]. bee colonies. Besides their role in honey production or provision of pollen, some have 2.2 Pollinic Analysis other uses. They serve as food plants. Apart from their contribution to biodiversity of the Twenty millimeters of honey were collected and regions or areas where they occur, these plants acetolysed [4] to remove molecules like sugars, are very important in nutrition, health and proteins and waxes of pectocellulosic household food security [1]. membranes. For each sample of honey, about 20 They have many virtues in various fields that microliters of the pellet obtained after contribute to the proper development and centrifugation at 3000 rpm ± 100 for 10 minutes sustainable environmental management. with a centrifuge "juan c 3 12" was mounted Unfortunately, facing environmental, economic, between microscopic slide and cover glasses for socioal and cultural perpetual change, many of microscopic observation. The observations were them which were appreciated in the consumption performed using a light microscope biloculaire are neglected, underutilized and endangered [2]. "Nikon Eclipse ci" to 400x and 1000x magnifications. Each preparation was then fully The objective of this work is to identify the explored and the readings were progressively melliferous species that are endangered or done on the horizontal lines of a periphery to threatened by different uses in Togo and another for inventory all their palynological evaluate them compared with all melliferous population. Determinations were made at the species which currently constitute melliferous species level or genus or family in this study. flora of Togo. 2.3 Ethnobotanical Surveys 2. METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES In all, 280 communities of Togo were surveyed. 2.1 Study Zone They include 38 cultural groups, some of which majority and everywhere in the country and other The study was performed in the five ecological minority located in an area or even a single zones of Togo (Fig. 1). Togo is bordered to the village [5]. The number of ethnocultural groups north by Burkina Faso, to the south by the varies from one locality to another. Also, the Atlantic Ocean, to the east by Benin and to the samples within an ethnocultural group were west by Ghana. This country is located between based on the importance of the geographical 6° and 11° North latitude and between 0° and 2° distribution of that group in the country. East. It covers an area of approximately 56,600 km² with a population of 6,191,155 inhabitants. In these localities, the chosen people, often with The Togo extends over a length of 600 km and a the assistance of local authorities (Leaders of width varying from 45 km at the coast and 140 Village Development Committees and km at Bassar. It has a tropical climate which agricultural groups, the farmers of the Third Age , varies from south to north. It is determined by etc), are of all social strata: men, women, heads two main currents of air: the monsoon and the of households, young and old, rich and poor, harmattan. farmers, agro-pastoralists and people engaged in an activity other than agriculture, etc. These Mainly composed of over 80% rural, the respondents were in groups of 2-70 individuals Togolese population lives essentially of with an average size of 11 people. agriculture. Thus, to meet the food needs of a growing population, the different vegetation Data collection was carried out with the support formations are continuously degraded and of a multidisciplinary team at the Laboratory of replaced with food or cash crops and plantations. 50 Koudégnan et al.; JAERI, 3(2): 49-58, 2015; Article no.JAERI.2015.031 Botany and Plant Ecology by ethnobotanical species inventoried and appointed enabled the surveys. Semi-structured interviews coupled with development of two major categories of species: direct observations at home, in the fields and market places were organized [6,7]. The survey Alimentary cultivated and minor was conducted using an interview guide spontaneous plants (wild) melliferous ; this previously established and tested on a small category regroup alimentary plants that are sample. rarely used or underutilized [2,15] and food plants whose original geographical Most species encountered were determined distribution is reduced; directly in the field. Those who are difficult to Alimentary plants spontaneous melliferous identify were sampled and placed in a herbarium or cultivated endangered to for laboratory identification according to certain disappearance. nomenclatures [8,9,10,11,12,13,14]. Photos of In general, endangered melliferous food plants the plants have been taken in the field for the include minor and non-miners plants that are identification and illustration. Pretreatment of all overexploited (Fig. 2). LEGENDE Zone I :Northern Plains Zone II :Mountains North Zone III : Central Plains Zone IV : Mountains Southwest Zone V : Coastal Plain Zones map 0 --------- 50 km ecological of Togo Fig. 1. Map of ecological zones of Togo (source: koudégnan et al. (2014)) 51 Koudégnan et al.; JAERI, 3(2): 49-58, 2015; Article no.JAERI.2015.031 Food melliferous plants Limited geographical distribution Wide geographical distribution Sociocultural, economic and natural factors Underutilization Overexploitation Rational exploitation Alimentary minor Alimentary melliferous plants melliferous plants (PMMA) endangered (PMAD) Plants of the past and present! What actions? Plants for the future Fig. 2. Conceptual model definitions minor plants or disappearance (Source: extract of Akpavi S. et al. [18] (2008)) 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (A. Rich.) Engl. & Diels, Ipomoea mauritiana Jacq., Irvingia gabonensis 3.1 Results (Aubry- Lecomte ex O'Rorke) Baill., Lannea acida A. Rich., Nauclea latifolia A total of 45 species were identified which are Sm., Parkia clappertoniana Keay, Paullinia grouped in 43 genus and 24 families. pinnata L., Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst, Spondias mombin L., Strychnos 3.1.1 Distribution of alimentary melliferous spinosa Lam., Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) species threatened according to Willd., Tamarindus indica L., Uvaria categories of plants chamae P. Beauv., Vitellaria paradoxa CF Gaertner Ximenia americana L. and Alimentary melliferous plants endangered consist Zanthoxylum zanthoxylloides (Lam.) of (Fig. 3): Zepernick & Timler. Minor cultivated plants melliferous “PMCM” Minor spontaneous melliferous plants (16 %) formed to Anacardium occidentalis “PMSM” (62 %) constituted by Amaranthus L., Carica papaya L., Corchorus olitorius spinosus L., Annona senegalensis Pers., L., Cyperus esculentus L., Elaeis Balanites aegyptica (L.) Del., Blighia guineensis Jacq , Psidium guajava L. and sapida C. König, Bombax
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Vascular Plant Survey of Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve, Malawi
    YIKA-VWAZA TRUST RESEARCH STUDY REPORT N (2017/18) Vascular Plant Survey of Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve, Malawi By Sopani Sichinga ([email protected]) September , 2019 ABSTRACT In 2018 – 19, a survey on vascular plants was conducted in Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve. The reserve is located in the north-western Malawi, covering an area of about 986 km2. Based on this survey, a total of 461 species from 76 families were recorded (i.e. 454 Angiosperms and 7 Pteridophyta). Of the total species recorded, 19 are exotics (of which 4 are reported to be invasive) while 1 species is considered threatened. The most dominant families were Fabaceae (80 species representing 17. 4%), Poaceae (53 species representing 11.5%), Rubiaceae (27 species representing 5.9 %), and Euphorbiaceae (24 species representing 5.2%). The annotated checklist includes scientific names, habit, habitat types and IUCN Red List status and is presented in section 5. i ACKNOLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, let me thank the Nyika–Vwaza Trust (UK) for funding this work. Without their financial support, this work would have not been materialized. The Department of National Parks and Wildlife (DNPW) Malawi through its Regional Office (N) is also thanked for the logistical support and accommodation throughout the entire study. Special thanks are due to my supervisor - Mr. George Zwide Nxumayo for his invaluable guidance. Mr. Thom McShane should also be thanked in a special way for sharing me some information, and sending me some documents about Vwaza which have contributed a lot to the success of this work. I extend my sincere thanks to the Vwaza Research Unit team for their assistance, especially during the field work.
    [Show full text]
  • Red Data List Special Edition
    Newsletter of the Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Volume 6 No. 3 ISSN 1027-4286 November 2001 Invasive Alien Plants Part 2 Southern Mozambique Expedition Living Plant Collections: Lowveld, Mozambique, Namibia REDSABONET NewsDATA Vol. 6 No. 3 November LIST 2001 SPECIAL EDITION153 c o n t e n t s Red Data List Features Special 157 Profile: Ezekeil Kwembeya ON OUR COVER: 158 Profile: Anthony Mapaura Ferraria schaeferi, a vulnerable 162 Red Data Lists in Southern Namibian near-endemic. 159 Tribute to Paseka Mafa (Photo: G. Owen-Smith) Africa: Past, Present, and Future 190 Proceedings of the GTI Cover Stories 169 Plant Red Data Books and Africa Regional Workshop the National Botanical 195 Herbarium Managers’ 162 Red Data List Special Institute Course 192 Invasive Alien Plants in 170 Mozambique RDL 199 11th SSC Workshop Southern Africa 209 Further Notes on South 196 Announcing the Southern 173 Gauteng Red Data Plant Africa’s Brachystegia Mozambique Expedition Policy spiciformis 202 Living Plant Collections: 175 Swaziland Flora Protection 212 African Botanic Gardens Mozambique Bill Congress for 2002 204 Living Plant Collections: 176 Lesotho’s State of 214 Index Herbariorum Update Namibia Environment Report 206 Living Plant Collections: 178 Marine Fishes: Are IUCN Lowveld, South Africa Red List Criteria Adequate? Book Reviews 179 Evaluating Data Deficient Taxa Against IUCN 223 Flowering Plants of the Criterion B Kalahari Dunes 180 Charcoal Production in 224 Water Plants of Namibia Malawi 225 Trees and Shrubs of the 183 Threatened
    [Show full text]
  • Woody Plants Diversity and Type of Vegetation in Non Cultivated Plain of Moutourwa, Far North, Cameroon
    Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development - JAEID 2016, 110 (2): 217-227 DOI: 10.12895/jaeid.20162.452 Woody plants diversity and type of vegetation in non cultivated plain of Moutourwa, Far North, Cameroon Gilbert Todou *, Moksia Froumsia, Konsala Souaré, Jeanne Flore Nnanga Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, Cameroon * Corresponding author: [email protected] Submitted on 2016, 21 January; accepted on 2016, 2 August. Section: Research Paper Abstract: In order to valorize the wild vegetal resources for the efficient conservation and sustainable use in sahelo-sudanian zone of Cameroon, a study of non cultivated plain of Moutourwa was carried out to assess thefloristic richness, the specific diversity and the type of vegetation. The inventory of all trees and shrubs (dbh ≥ 2.5 cm) and the determination of the vegetation cover were done in five linear transects (20 m × 1000 m). In total, 27 families, 54 genera and 75 species were found. Caesalpiniaceae is the most abundant family that relative abundance (pi*100) is 34.41%. The most abundant genus was Piliostigma (pi*100 = 30.66%) and the most represented species was Piliostigma reticulatum (pi*100 = 29.56%; D = 53.6 stems/ha). The Simpson index (E = 0.89), the Shannon index (H = 3.2) and the equitability index of Pielou (J = 0.74) indicated that there was moderate diversity with more or less equitable species. The wild fruittree species were numerous (pi*100 = 32.76%; D = 59.7 stems/ha). A. senegalensis was the most represented (pi*100 = 9.04 %; D = 16.4) followed by Hexalobus monopetalus (pi*100 = 5.16 %; D = 9.4) and Balanites aegyptiaca (pi*100 = 3.69 %; D = 6.7).
    [Show full text]
  • SABONET Report No 18
    ii Quick Guide This book is divided into two sections: the first part provides descriptions of some common trees and shrubs of Botswana, and the second is the complete checklist. The scientific names of the families, genera, and species are arranged alphabetically. Vernacular names are also arranged alphabetically, starting with Setswana and followed by English. Setswana names are separated by a semi-colon from English names. A glossary at the end of the book defines botanical terms used in the text. Species that are listed in the Red Data List for Botswana are indicated by an ® preceding the name. The letters N, SW, and SE indicate the distribution of the species within Botswana according to the Flora zambesiaca geographical regions. Flora zambesiaca regions used in the checklist. Administrative District FZ geographical region Central District SE & N Chobe District N Ghanzi District SW Kgalagadi District SW Kgatleng District SE Kweneng District SW & SE Ngamiland District N North East District N South East District SE Southern District SW & SE N CHOBE DISTRICT NGAMILAND DISTRICT ZIMBABWE NAMIBIA NORTH EAST DISTRICT CENTRAL DISTRICT GHANZI DISTRICT KWENENG DISTRICT KGATLENG KGALAGADI DISTRICT DISTRICT SOUTHERN SOUTH EAST DISTRICT DISTRICT SOUTH AFRICA 0 Kilometres 400 i ii Trees of Botswana: names and distribution Moffat P. Setshogo & Fanie Venter iii Recommended citation format SETSHOGO, M.P. & VENTER, F. 2003. Trees of Botswana: names and distribution. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 18. Pretoria. Produced by University of Botswana Herbarium Private Bag UB00704 Gaborone Tel: (267) 355 2602 Fax: (267) 318 5097 E-mail: [email protected] Published by Southern African Botanical Diversity Network (SABONET), c/o National Botanical Institute, Private Bag X101, 0001 Pretoria and University of Botswana Herbarium, Private Bag UB00704, Gaborone.
    [Show full text]
  • Genotoxicity and Antigenotoxicity of Selected South African Indigenous Plants
    South African Journal of Botany 114 (2018) 89–99 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect South African Journal of Botany journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/sajb Genotoxicity and Antigenotoxicity of selected South African indigenous plants R. Makhuvele a,b,R.G.Matshogaa, R. Antonissen d,L.Pietersc,L.Verschaeved,e,E.E.Elgorashia,b,⁎ a Toxicology and Ethnoveterinary Medicine, Public Health and Zoonosis Programme, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa b Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa c Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium d Laboratory of Toxicology, O.D. Public Health and Surveillance, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstreet 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium e Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium article info abstract Article history: Twenty-two plant species extracted with dichloromethane and 90% methanol were investigated for their Received 5 August 2017 genotoxicity as well as antigenotoxicity against aflatoxin B1 induced-mutagenicity using the Ames (Salmonella Received in revised form 6 October 2017 typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100) and Vitotox assays in the presence of S9 rat liver fraction. The results Accepted 21 October 2017 obtained from Ames assay for some plant extracts correlated well with the results obtained from the Vitotox assay. Dichloromethane and methanolic extracts of Helichrysum petiolare, Protea hybrid, Protea roupelliae, Edited by LJ McGaw Artabotrys brachypetalus (leaves), Friesodielsia obovata, Hexalobus monopetalus, Monanthotaxis caffra, Monodora junodis, Uvaria caffra, Xylopia parviflora, Podocarpus henkellii, Rhoicissus sekhukhuniensis, Podocarpus elongatus Keywords: and Agapanthus praecox had moderate to strong antimutagenic activities in both Ames and Vitotox assays.
    [Show full text]
  • Revision and New Species of the African Genus Mischogyne (Annonaceae)
    This is a repository copy of Revision and new species of the African genus Mischogyne (Annonaceae). White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/140419/ Version: Published Version Article: Gosline, George, Marshall, Andrew Robert orcid.org/0000-0003-4877-1018 and Larridon, Isabel (2019) Revision and new species of the African genus Mischogyne (Annonaceae). Kew Bulletin. ISSN 0075-5974 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-019-9804-7 Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ KEW BULLETIN (2019) 74:28 ISSN: 0075-5974 (print) DOI 10.1007/S12225-019-9804-7 ISSN: 1874-933X (electronic) Revision and new species of the African genus Mischogyne (Annonaceae) George Gosline1 , Andrew R. Marshall2,3,4 & Isabel Larridon1,5 Summary. Mischogyne (Annonaceae, tribe Monodoreae) is a genus of small- to medium-sized tropical trees and shrubs. It is characterised by a combination of: (1) stamens and carpels on a more or less extended torus; (2) carpels divergent from each other at the apex of the torus above the anthers; (3) anthers linear and anther connectives not expanded above the thecae; (4) inflorescences extra-axillary (or sometimes terminal in M.
    [Show full text]
  • User Guide Useful Trees for the LT Basin
    REPORT ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF MANUALS AND ASSOCIATED SELECTION TOOLS FOR TREE SPECIES AND MANAGEMENT OPTIONS FOR AGROFORESTRY INTERVENTIONS IN THE LAKE TANGANYIKA BASIN July 2012 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). PO Box 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya http://www.worldagroforestry.org CONTENTS Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................................4 1. Background............................................................................................................................................6 2. About the ‘Useful Trees for the Lake Tanganyika Basin Toolkits’............................................................7 2.1. How were the ‘Useful Trees for the Lake Tanganyika Basin Toolkits’ developped .........................7 2.2. How does the Toolkit work?..................................................................................................................8 2.1.1. Utilities filter tool...................................................................................................................................8 2.1.2. The biophysical-profile information tool ...............................................................................................9 2.1.3. The Databases access tool..................................................................................................................9 2.3. How can the ‘Useful Trees for the Lake Tanganyika Basin Toolkit’ practically help local farmers? ...10 2.4.
    [Show full text]
  • Woody Species Composition, Structure and Diversity of Vegetation of Kalfou Forest Reserve, Cameroon
    Journal of Ecology and the Natural Environment Vol. 4(13), pp. 333-343, October, 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/jene DOI: 10.5897/JENE12.047 ISSN 2006 – 9847 ©2012 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Woody species composition, structure and diversity of vegetation of Kalfou Forest Reserve, Cameroon Moksia Froumsia1*, Louis Zapfack2, Pierre Marie Mapongmetsem3 and Bernard-Aloys Nkongmeneck2 1Department of Agriculture, Livestock and Derived Products, Higher Institute of the Sahel, University of Maroua, Box 46 Maroua, Cameroon. 2Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Box 812 Yaoundé, Cameroon. 3Department of the Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Box 454 Ngaoundéré, Cameroon. Accepted 13 September, 2012 Studies were carried out in the Kalfou Forest Reserve to make an assessment of the flora diversity and to develop preservation guidelines facing the increase in its degradation. The composition of woody species, structure, diversity, density, dominance, frequency of species and family importance value were described and evaluated in all the forest reserve area. A total of 86 species representing 58 genera and 28 families of woody species were identified. The families of Combretaceae, Fabaceae- caesalpinioideae and Fabaceae-mimosoideae were the most abundant families in the Kalfou Forest Reserve. The density of stems ≥ 10 cm circumference and the basal area were higher in the Doulouk and Gonoray parts of the reserve. The distribution of stems of the main species in classes of circumference had shown a reverse “J” shaped curve. The number of stems of shrubs species was important and strongly influenced globally the diameter and the height of the stems which were lower.
    [Show full text]
  • Analyzing the Impact of Charcoal Harvest and Land Management Type on Vegetation Regeneration in the Tambacounda Region of Senegal
    Analyzing the Impact of Charcoal Harvest and Land Management Type on Vegetation Regeneration in the Tambacounda Region of Senegal Karl Wurster Abstract Households throughout Sub-Saharan Africa depend on fuelwood (firewood and charcoal) as their primary source of energy. In Senegal, increasing demands for charcoal by urban consumers has led to intensified harvesting of wood for charcoal production in the Tambacounda region. Forest management projects have been created in the region to reduce degradation caused by charcoal production. This study analyzes tree diversity and regeneration patterns in the Tambacounda region to determine the effect of tree harvesting for charcoal production on plot structure, tree species composition and forest regeneration and assess the effect of forest management types on forest composition and regeneration near charcoal production sites. Results from this study demonstrate that species composition and structure in harvested and undisturbed plots are significantly different. Regeneration of common species such as Combretum glutinosum (53% of the total surveyed population) is robust in all harvested plots. Large, hardwood tree species are rare in both harvested and undisturbed plots and lack sufficient populations replace the current population. Harvesting is spread throughout the regions and plots regardless of proximity to villages, roads and park edges are equally susceptible to changes in forest structure and composition. Forest management type also appears to have little impact on forest composition before and after harvesting with the exception of species diversity. Co-managed plots have higher species diversity values than government managed plots, but large declines of over 50% in species diversity values were observed between undisturbed and harvested plots.
    [Show full text]
  • Africa Regional Synthesis For
    REGIONAL SYNTHESIS REPORTS AFRICA REGIONAL SYNTHESIS FOR THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S BIODIVERSITY FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE AFRICA REGIONAL SYNTHESIS FOR THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S BIODIVERSITY FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS ROME, 2019 Required citation: FAO. 2019. Africa Regional Synthesis for The State of the World’s Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture. Rome. 68 pp. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-131464-7 © FAO, 2019 Some rights reserved. This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo/ legalcode/legalcode). Under the terms of this licence, this work may be copied, redistributed and adapted for non-commercial purposes, provided that the work is appropriately cited.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity & Ecology
    © University of Hamburg 2018 All rights reserved Klaus Hess Publishers Göttingen & Windhoek www.k-hess-verlag.de ISBN: 978-3-933117-95-3 (Germany), 978-99916-57-43-1 (Namibia) Language editing: Will Simonson (Cambridge), and Proofreading Pal Translation of abstracts to Portuguese: Ana Filipa Guerra Silva Gomes da Piedade Page desing & layout: Marit Arnold, Klaus A. Hess, Ria Henning-Lohmann Cover photographs: front: Thunderstorm approaching a village on the Angolan Central Plateau (Rasmus Revermann) back: Fire in the miombo woodlands, Zambia (David Parduhn) Cover Design: Ria Henning-Lohmann ISSN 1613-9801 Printed in Germany Suggestion for citations: Volume: Revermann, R., Krewenka, K.M., Schmiedel, U., Olwoch, J.M., Helmschrot, J. & Jürgens, N. (eds.) (2018) Climate change and adaptive land management in southern Africa – assessments, changes, challenges, and solutions. Biodiversity & Ecology, 6, Klaus Hess Publishers, Göttingen & Windhoek. Articles (example): Archer, E., Engelbrecht, F., Hänsler, A., Landman, W., Tadross, M. & Helmschrot, J. (2018) Seasonal prediction and regional climate projections for southern Africa. In: Climate change and adaptive land management in southern Africa – assessments, changes, challenges, and solutions (ed. by Revermann, R., Krewenka, K.M., Schmiedel, U., Olwoch, J.M., Helmschrot, J. & Jürgens, N.), pp. 14–21, Biodiversity & Ecology, 6, Klaus Hess Publishers, Göttingen & Windhoek. Corrections brought to our attention will be published at the following location: http://www.biodiversity-plants.de/biodivers_ecol/biodivers_ecol.php Biodiversity & Ecology Journal of the Division Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology of Plants, Institute for Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg Volume 6: Climate change and adaptive land management in southern Africa Assessments, changes, challenges, and solutions Edited by Rasmus Revermann1, Kristin M.
    [Show full text]
  • Floristic Diversity of Loranthaceae Family and Their Potential Host Species in Sudano-Sahelian Zone of Cameroon: Case of Diamare Plain in Far-North Region
    Available online at http://www.ifgdg.org Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 14(3): 896-915, April 2020 ISSN 1997-342X (Online), ISSN 1991-8631 (Print) Original Paper http://ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs http://indexmedicus.afro.who.int Floristic diversity of Loranthaceae Family and their potential host species in Sudano-sahelian zone of Cameroon: case of Diamare plain in Far-North Region Souare KONSALA1*, Gilbert TODOU1, Froumsia MOKSIA1, Divine Tii MUNTING 1, Jeanne Flore NNANGA1, TCHOBSALA1 and Ibrahima ADAMOU2 1University of Maroua, Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, P.O. Box: 814 Maroua, Cameroon. 2University of Ngaoundéré, Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, P.O. Box: 454 Ngaoundéré, Cameroon. * Corresponding author; E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT There is an increasing interest in parasitic plants and infectious disease community ecology in intertropical regions. The study examined the floristic diversity of Loranthaceae family and their potential host species in the ecoregion of Diamare plain in Cameroon. Reasoned sampling method was performed and experimental device consisted of 02 main treatments (Diamare and Mayo-Kani divisions), 08 secondary treatments (councils) and 32 replications (villages), with four (04) villages per council. We used itinerary botanical survey method of 1000 m x 20 m in each village, totalizing 64 ha and all parasitic plants and their potential hosts were inventoried. A total of 11 645 ligneous individuals was inventoried in the Diamare division, distributed within 65 species, 44 genera, and 22 Families. In Mayo-Kani division, a total of 16 645 ligneous individuals were inventoried, distributed in 58 species, 41 genera and 19 families.
    [Show full text]