Africa Regional Synthesis For
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REGIONAL SYNTHESIS REPORTS AFRICA REGIONAL SYNTHESIS FOR THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S BIODIVERSITY FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE AFRICA REGIONAL SYNTHESIS FOR THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S BIODIVERSITY FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS ROME, 2019 Required citation: FAO. 2019. Africa Regional Synthesis for The State of the World’s Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture. Rome. 68 pp. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. 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Contents Foreword ...................................................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................................................vi About this report ..........................................................................................................................................xii Executive summary ..................................................................................................................................xiv I. ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING OF BIODIVERSITY FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ...................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Regional context .................................................................................................................................. 1 1.3. Regional state, trends and drivers of change of biodiversity for food and agriculture .......................................................................................................................................... 3 1.3.1 Main drivers of change affecting genetic resources for food and agriculture across sectors in the region ............................................................................................................... 3 1.3.2 National information systems on associated biodiversity ................................................. 5 1.3.3 Associated biodiversity species most frequently reported by countries in the region as being actively managed for the provision of ecosystem services ...................... 6 1.3.4 Wild food species most frequently reported by countries in the region .......................... 9 1.3.5 Main drivers of change affecting associated biodiversity, ecosystem services and wild food resources ......................................................................................................... 9 1.3.6 State and trends of associated biodiversity, ecosystem services and wild food resources ................................................................................................................................ 13 1.4 Needs and priorities in terms of the assessment and monitoring of biodiversity for food and agriculture ........................................................................................................................ 14 II. SUSTAINABLE USE AND CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE .......................................................................................................... 17 2.1 Sustainable use ................................................................................................................................... 17 2.1.1 Examples whereby diversity per se, or its lack, has had a direct effect on productivity, food security and nutrition, rural livelihoods, ecosystem services, sustainability, resilience or sustainable intensification .................................................... 19 2.1.2 Countries in the region reporting the use of biodiversity for food and agriculture for coping with climate change, invasive alien species, and natural or human-made disasters ..................................................................................................... 25 2.1.3 Ecosystem/landscape/seascape approaches that have improved the management and use of BFA in the region ............................................................................................... 27 2.1.4 Examples of activities undertaken in the region to maintain and use traditional knowledge of associated biodiversity and wild foods ...................................................... 29 2.1.5 Needs and priorities in terms of the sustainable use of biodiversity for food and agriculture, and in particular of associated biodiversity and wild foods ....................... 31 2.2. Conservation .................................................................................................................................... 31 2.2.1 In situ conservation .............................................................................................................. 31 2.2.2 Ex situ conservation ............................................................................................................. 34 2.2.3 Needs and priorities ............................................................................................................. 35 iii 2.3 Access and exchange ......................................................................................................................... 36 2.3.1 Implementation challenges .................................................................................................. 37 2.3.2 Needs and priorities ............................................................................................................. 37 III. POLICIES, INSTITUTIONS AND CAPACITY .......................................................................... 39 3.1 Policies, programmes, institutions and other stakeholders ........................................................ 39 3.1.1 Strengths and weaknesses .................................................................................................... 41 3.1.2 Interministerial cooperation and collaboration mechanisms .......................................... 42 3.1.3 Needs and priorities ............................................................................................................. 43 3.2 Capacity and research needs ............................................................................................................ 43 IV. REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION ....................................................... 45 4.1 Major regional and international initiatives