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Tamarind 1990 - 2004 Tamarind 1990 - 2004 Author A. K. A. Dandjouma, C. Tchiegang, C. Kapseu and R. Ndjouenkeu Title Ricinodendron heudelotii (Bail.) Pierre ex Pax seeds treatments influence on the q Year 2004 Source title Rivista Italiana delle Sostanze Grasse Reference 81(5): 299-303 Abstract The effects of heating Ricinodendron heudelotii seeds on the quality of the oil extracted was studied. The seeds were preheated by dry and wet methods at three temperatures (50, 70 and 90 degrees C) for 10, 20, 30 and 60 minutes. The oil was extracted using the Soxhlet method with hexane. The results showed a significant change in oil acid value when heated at 90 degrees C for 60 minutes, with values of 2.76+or-0.18 for the dry method and 2.90+or-0.14 for the wet method. Heating at the same conditions yielded peroxide values of 10.70+or-0.03 for the dry method and 11.95+or-0.08 for the wet method. Author A. L. Khandare, U. Kumar P, R. G. Shanker, K. Venkaiah and N. Lakshmaiah Title Additional beneficial effect of tamarind ingestion over defluoridated water supply Year 2004 Source title Nutrition Reference 20(5): 433-436 Abstract Objective: We evaluated the effect of tamarind (Tamarindus indicus) on ingestion and whether it provides additional beneficial effects on mobilization of fluoride from the bone after children are provided defluoridated water. Methods: A randomized, diet control study was conducted in 30 subjects from a fluoride endemic area after significantly decreasing urinary fluoride excretion by supplying defluoridated water for 2 wk. Subjects were then assigned to one of two groups, with 15 in each group. One group was supplemented with tamarind (experimental group) for 3 wk and the other (control) group was given only defluoridated water for the same period. Results: The mean changes in urinary components after tamarind ingestion (volume, pH, fluoride calcium, copper, and magnesium) in the control and experimental groups were compared. There was a significant increase (P<0.01) in fluoride excretion and urinary pH and a significant decrease in urinary calcium (P<0.01) and copper (P<0.05) excretion in the experimental group as compared with the control group. There was no change in urinary volume between groups. Conclusions: Tamarind intake appears to have an additional beneficial effect on the mobilization of deposited fluoride from bone, by enhancing urinary excretion of fluoride. Author B. Arpita, S. Arijit, R. K. Kar and M. Sudhendu Title Micromorphological studies of four fuel wood yielding tropical leguminous plants Year 2004 Source title Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences Reference 7(1): 100-104 Abstract This study investigated leaf epidermal micromorphology of four-fuelwood yielding tree legumes, viz., Albizia lebbeck, Cassia fistula, Acacia nilotica and Tamarindus indica collected from West Bengal, India. The epidermal cells in each case were irregular in shape, being larger in slow growing species, i.e. Acacia nilotica and T. indica. The stomata were hypostomatic, anomocytic and/or paracytic types with frequency, size and stomatal index higher in fast growing species, i.e. C. fistula and Albizia lebbeck. The trichomes present only in fast growing species, were glandular or non- glandular, unicellular, straight or curved. These leaf epidermal characters can also be utilized as markers for fast growing fuel wood plants apart from taxonomical consideration of the taxa. Author B. Jayasri, R. K. Das, P. K. Saha and A. Bhattacharjee Title Enhancement of potential status of mung bean and gram seeds by herbal method. Year 2004 Source title Environment and Ecology Reference 22(3): 696-700 Abstract The potential status of mung bean and gram (Cicer arietinum) seeds was analysed under accelerated aging condition (99.5% RH) after pretreatment with leaf extract of kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata) and fruit pulp extract of tamarind. Accelerated aging treatment for 15 days resulted in significant reduction of seed germination with concomitant impairment in the time to 50% germination. However, seed pretreatment with kalmegh extract ameliorated to some extent the aging- induced adverse effect on the germination behaviour of both species. On the other hand, the effect of tamarind extract was found to be inhibitory in this context. Percentage seed viability as recorded by 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) test remained unchanged irrespective of the treatment, but TTC staining pattern was better with kalmegh extract-pretreated seed samples. Aging-induced loss of dehydrogenase [oxidoreductase] activity was significantly controlled in kalmegh extract treatment only. Kalmegh treatment also alleviated the aging-induced increase of leaching of sugars and amino acids. Correspondingly, the levels of protein and chlorophyll in leaves of seedlings developed from kalmegh-extract pretreated seeds were significantly higher than the control samples. In all the analyses, tamarind treatment was found to render adverse effects. Author C. Tchiegang, M. N. Oum, A. A. Dandjouma and C. Kapseu Title Quality and stability of oil extract after pressing of almonds of Ricinodendron heu Year 2004 Source title Journal of Food Engineering Reference 62(1): 69-77 Abstract In order to contribute to the valorisation of non lignous products of R. heudelotii, the quality and stability of oils extracted from its almonds by pressing was studied. Almonds originated from Edea and Obala, Cameroon, and extraction was carried out using a press after pre-treatment (softening in water and roasting in oven at a temperature of 90 degrees C for 60 min). The influence of the pre- treatment on the quality and stability of the extracted crude oil was studied and the physicochemical properties of the oils stored in vinyl polychloride bottles at environmental temperature was also followed for 4 months. The physicochemical properties of the oils varied little with pre-treatment. There was however a significant difference at 5% level between the peroxide indices of oils of samples from Edea which had a value of 9.50+or-0.06 meq O2/kg for those pretreated by roasting and 11.05+or-0.0 meq O2/kg for samples pretreated by softening in water. For samples from Obala, 'iodine' values obtained were 148.64+or-0.37, 150.22+or-0.08 and 149.90+or-0.06 respectively for oils of samples non treated, softened and roasted. A significant difference at 5% level was also noted for the saponification indices of samples from Obala. There were 193.76+or-0.96 and 194.99+or- 0.02, 195.02+or-0.86 respectively for oils extracted with hexane and those extracted by press. A study of stability of the oil showed that the length of storage had an effect on the acid, saponification and peroxide indices. At the end of storage the acid index is about 4 which is a maximum preconized value. The peroxide index however remains lower (25 meq O2/kg) than the norm. The length of storage did not influence either the iodine index, the refractive index or the density. The extraction techniques used and the different treatments applied resulted in good quality, stable oil. Author D. Bandita Title Heavy metal accumulation by plant species from a coal mining area in Orissa. Year 2004 Source title Journal of Environmental Biology Reference 25(2): 163-166 Abstract An ecological survey was undertaken on metal contamination (Cu, Fe, Al, Cr) of vegetation (tree, shrub and herb) collected from the overburden soil of South Bolanda, Talcher, Orissa, India. The species includes Trema orientalis, Haldina cordifolia, Diospyros melanoxylon, Ixora arborea, Tamarindus indica, Chromolaena odorata, Calotropis gigantea, Woodfordia fruticosa, casearia elliptica, Phyllanthus reticulatus, Croton bonplandianus, Catharanthus roseus, Hyptis suaveolens, Solanum xanthocarpum and Tridax procumbens. Stem and leaf parts of the trees and shrubs, and whole plant of the herbs were analysed. Concentrations of metals were the maximum in leafy part of trees and shrub samples. Among the various heavy metals studied, Fe concentration in plant parts was the highest and Cu concentration was the lowest. Author G. N. Gayathri, P. Kalpana, P. Jamuna and K. Srinivasan Title Influence of antioxidant spices on the retention of beta -carotene in vegetables dur Year 2004 Source title Food Chemistry Reference 84(1): 35-43 Abstract Considerable amounts of beta -carotene were lost during the two domestic methods of cooking commonly used, namely, pressure cooking and open pan boiling, the loss ranging from 27 to 71% during pressure cooking and 16-67% during boiling for the four vegetables examined in this study. Pressure cooking of green leafy vegetables resulted in a greater retention of this provitamin. In the presence of red gram dhal, which is a common ingredient in the diet, there was an underestimation of beta -carotene due to poor extractability. Inclusion of acidulants - tamarind and citric acid-along with these vegetables brought about some changes in the level of retention of beta -carotene. The antioxidant spice turmeric generally improved the retention of beta -carotene in all four vegetables studied. Onion also had a similar effect. The combinations of acidulants and antioxidant spices also improved the retention of beta -carotene during cooking. This effect seemed to be additive in the case of processing of amaranth by boiling. Author J. A. Pino, R. Marbot and C. Vazquez Title Volatile components of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) grown in Cuba. Year 2004 Source title Journal of Essential Oil Research Reference 16(4): 318-320 Abstract Volatile components of tamarind fruits grown in Cuba were isolated by simultaneous steam distillation/solvent extraction. The fruit pulp had approximately 3 mg/kg of total volatile compounds. Eighty-one constituents were identified, from which 2-phenylacetaldehyde, 2-furfural and hexadecanoic acid [palmitic acid] were the major compounds. Author J. John, M. Joy and E. K. Abhilash Title Inhibitory effects of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) on polypathogenic fungi.
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