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Revision and New Species of the African Genus Mischogyne (Annonaceae)

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Revision and New Species of the African Genus Mischogyne (Annonaceae) This is a repository copy of Revision and new species of the African genus Mischogyne (Annonaceae). White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/140419/ Version: Published Version Article: Gosline, George, Marshall, Andrew Robert orcid.org/0000-0003-4877-1018 and Larridon, Isabel (2019) Revision and new species of the African genus Mischogyne (Annonaceae). Kew Bulletin. ISSN 0075-5974 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-019-9804-7 Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ KEW BULLETIN (2019) 74:28 ISSN: 0075-5974 (print) DOI 10.1007/S12225-019-9804-7 ISSN: 1874-933X (electronic) Revision and new species of the African genus Mischogyne (Annonaceae) George Gosline1 , Andrew R. Marshall2,3,4 & Isabel Larridon1,5 Summary. Mischogyne (Annonaceae, tribe Monodoreae) is a genus of small- to medium-sized tropical trees and shrubs. It is characterised by a combination of: (1) stamens and carpels on a more or less extended torus; (2) carpels divergent from each other at the apex of the torus above the anthers; (3) anthers linear and anther connectives not expanded above the thecae; (4) inflorescences extra-axillary (or sometimes terminal in M. michelioides) with usually solitary flowers; (5) petals reflexed at anthesis (except M. michelioides), and (6) prominent reticulate tertiary veins. The genus is found in the lowland tropical rainforests of Africa with annual precipitation of 1000 – 4000 mm and in the dry coastal foothills of Angola. Five species and one variety of Mischogyne are recognised. One newly discovered species from the Eastern Arc Mountains, M. iddii, is described. The variety M. elliotiana var. glabra is reduced into synonymy with M. elliotiana var. elliotiana. Mischogyne elliotiana var. gabonensis is raised to species level as M. gabonensis. Specimens from the Congo are recognised as a new species, M. congensis. Preliminary conservation status assessments are provided for each species, as well as an identification key and detailed species descriptions. An unusual distribution pattern for the genus is discussed: dry coastal Angola as well as West, Central and East African wet forest. Key Words. Angola, Eastern Arc, IUCN - conservation, Monodoreae, taxonomy. Introduction within the tribe as sister to the subclade including The unexpected identification of a new species of Uvariodendron (Engl. & Diels) R.E.Fr., Monocyclanthus Mischogyne Exell from the Eastern Arc Mountains of Keay, and Uvariopsis Engl. Tanzania led us to undertake a revision of this genus, Mischogyne is a genus of five species characterised by previously considered to have just two species. This is the combination of: (1) stamens and carpels on a a contribution to the body of revisions of African more or less extended torus; (2) carpels divergent genera of Annonaceae which have been published in from each other at the apex of the torus above the recent years: Duguetia A.St.-Hil. (Chatrou 1998), anthers; (3) anthers linear and anther connectives not Isolona Engl. and Monodora Dunal (Couvreur 2009), expanded above the thecae; (4) inflorescences extra- Huberantha Chaowasku (in Chaowasku et al. 2015), axillary (or sometimes terminal in M. michelioides) with Annickia Setten & Maas (Versteegh & Sosef 2007), usually solitary flowers; (5) petals reflexed at anthesis Hexalobus A.DC. (Botermans et al. 2011), (except M michelioides), and (6) prominent reticulate Neostenanthera Exell (Fero et al. 2014), Uvariastrum tertiary veins. Engl. (Couvreur 2014), Piptostigma Oliv. and Brieya De Wild. (Ghogue et al. 2017), and new genera Mwasumbia Couvreur & D.M.Johnson (in Couvreur Taxonomic History et al. 2009)andSirdavidia Couvreur & Sauquet The genus Mischogyne was erected by Exell (1932)to (Couvreur et al. 2015). accommodate Mischogyne michelioides Exell, first col- Mischogyne Exell belongs to the subfamily lected by Gossweiler in 1930. Exell (1932)notedin Annonoideae Raf. and tribe Monodoreae Baill. his description the elongate attenuate (Chatrou et al. 2012). This tribe contains eleven “androgynophore” that sets this species apart from African genera whose phylogenetic relationships were any other genus of Annonaceae, and “gives to the studied by Couvreur et al. (2008a). Mischogyne resolves flower a distinctly magnoliaceous aspect”.Hespecu- Accepted for publication 13 March 2019. 1 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK. e-mail: [email protected] 2 University of the Sunshine Coast, Tropical Forests and People Research Centre, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia. 3 University of York, Environment Department, Heslington, York, YO10 5NG, UK. 4 Flamingo Land Ltd. Kirby Misperton, North Yorkshire YO17 6UX, UK. 5 Ghent University, Department of Biology, Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Lab, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Gent, Belgium. © The Author(s), 2019 28 Page 2 of 23 KEW BULLETIN (2019) 74:28 lated on the relationship to the Magnoliaceae, which Materials and Methods turned out to be, as he also said, “no more than an extraordinary parallelism.” Morphology The genus was considered monotypic until 1952 Measurements were made on dried herbarium speci- when R. E. Fries circulated a preprint (the formal mens and on calibrated specimen images; characters publication was Fries 1955) in which he proposed such as shape and colour are based on field notes and that the species Uvariastrum elliotianum (Engl. & photos. Plane shape description terminology is based Diels) Sprague & Hutch. was better placed in the on Systematics Association Committee for Descriptive genus Mischogyne (Fries 1955), now confirmed by Biological Terminology (1962); other terminology, molecular markers. Mischogyne elliotiana (Engl. & including indumentum, is based on Beentje (2015). Diels) Le Thomas has a cylindrical torus, but not All known specimen records of Mischogyne were nearly as prominent as the long-stalked one of identified, georeferenced and examined and are listed M. michelioides. Fries (1955)notedthesimilar in the supplement S1 of the paper. Specimens anthers lacking an extended connective. The two examined are listed in the relevant section of the species share the strongly reticulate tertiary vena- species accounts (“!” indicates a specimen seen and tion characteristic of Mischogyne although this was “*” that a high-resolution image of the specimen was not mentioned by Fries. Turner (2013)notedthat viewed). In addition to herbarium searches at K and Fries’ new combination failed to fully reference the BM, specimen records from GBIF and Chatelain et al. place of publication of the basionym as required by (2011) were evaluated and georeferenced. Specimen the International Code of Nomenclature (Lanjouw images were viewed using the portals for BR, L 1952) which came into effect in 1953. Turner (WAG), LISC and P. Measurements of digital images therefore credited Le Thomas (1969)withthefirst were made using ImageJ (Schneider et al. 2012). In the valid publication of the combination M. elliotianum case of the Ghana and Ivory Coast herbaria, label and we incorporate this attribution. The basionym information is not available and the identifications for the species was Uvaria elliotiana Engl. & Diels and georeferencing are assumed to be correct in (Engler 1901) and the epithet was correctly plotting species distributions. In all other cases changed to the masculine by Sprague & Hutchin- georeferencing based on label data was done using son (1916) when they transferred the species to GoogleEarth (https://www.google.com/intl/en_uk/ Uvariastrum. Unfortunately, Fries (1955)didnot earth/desktop/) and online searches. change the epithet to the feminine in his transfer Photos (Couvreur and Jongkind) were accessed to Mischogyne. Evrard (1967) corrected Keay’s from the World Annonaceae website (Couvreur, M. elliotianum var. glabrum to M. elliotianum var. T.L.P. and Annonaceae Community n.d http:// glabra, but without correcting the species epithet. annonaceae.myspecies.info). (Note that this change does not change the author Preliminary conservation assessments for each spe- accordingtoarticle32.2oftheICNTurlandet al. cies follow IUCN criteria (IUCN 2012) and are based 2018) and that the citation Mischogyne elliotianum on the distribution of herbarium specimens (Schatz var. glabra (Keay) Evrard is incorrect). We make the 2002). We used the online tool GeoCAT (Bachman gender correction here to Mischogyne elliotiana,and et al. 2011) to calculate Extent of Occurrence (EOO) to the varietal epithets as well. and Area of Occupancy (AOO). AOO is calculated At about the same time, Keay (1952) published using a cell-size of 4 km2. The map was generated with new taxa in preparation for the publication of the ArcMap 10.1 (ESRI 2011). second edition of the Flora of West Tropical Africa.In examining the material of Uvariastrum elliotianum, Molecular methods he described two new varieties in addition to the New sequences
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