DOCSLIB.ORG

Position Paper on Availability of Veterinary Medicines Agreed on 21 June 2000

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Position Paper on Availability of Veterinary Medicines Agreed on 21 June 2000 The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products Veterinary Medicines and Information Technology EMEA/CVMP/411/00-FINAL COMMITTEE FOR VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS Update of the Position Paper on Availability of Veterinary Medicines agreed on 21 June 2000 The Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products (CVMP) adopted at its meeting on 16-18 March 1999 a Position Paper on Availability of Veterinary Medicines (EMEA/CVMP/151/99- FINAL), presenting recommendations in respect of the problem that insufficient medicinal products are available for the treatment of certain diseases and/or certain animal species. In this document the CVMP also identified from the lists of substances no longer available, 10 substances as being essential for veterinary practice in the EU. These were: narcobarbital, thiamylal, thiopental, pentobarbital (had to be withdrawn later, as no product containing the substance has ever been licensed for food producing animals), etorphine/diprenophine, propionylpromazine, acepromazine, metomidate, diazepam, yohimbine. Subsequent to further scrutiny of the substances evaluated in the following 6 months, for which no MRLs could be established, the list of substances considered essential in veterinary medicine was updated at the meeting on 12-14 October (EMEA/CVMP/731/99-FINAL) to include also fumagillin. At the meeting on 7-9 December 1999 the CVMP added guaifenesin to this list. Having reached the deadline of 31 December 1999 by which MRLs had to be set for old defended substances, the CVMP then undertook the review of those substances evaluated since October 1999, for which no MRLs could be established, particularly considering the outstanding substances, for which no response to the list of questions was submitted by the applicants. The Committee then further updated the list of substances considered essential at the meeting on 8-10 February and on 20-22 June 2000. Since March 1999 the CVMP undertook additional efforts to salvage the essential substances identified and to obtain further data which might be available in the public domain, or within institutions outside the EU, which had not previously been included in the dossier or the assessment in order to set MRLs. Additional data were obtained which allowed the CVMP to recommend the inclusion of Thiopental sodium and Thiamylal in Annex II of Council Regulation (EEC) No. 2377/90. The CVMP however had to conclude with regret that despite concerted efforts made to obtain further data, no recommendation to include narcobarbital, etorphine, diprenophine, propionylpromazine, acepromazine, diazepam, yohimbine or fumagillin in any of the annexes to Council Regulation (EEC) No. 2377/90 was possible. Public 7 Westferry Circus, Canary Wharf, London, E14 4HB, UK Switchboard (44-20-7) 418 8400 Fax (44-20-7) 418 8447 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.eudra.org/emea.html ãEMEA 2000 Reproduction and/or distribution of this document is authorised for non commercial purposes only provided the EMEA is acknowledged The remaining substances and indications identified as essential as per June 2000 are: 1. Indication: general anaesthesia by injection Substances: · Narcobarbital (pigs); 1 · Etorphine/Diprenophine (cattle) 2. Indication: neuroleptic analgesia, sedation and premedication of narcosis Substances: Propionylpromazine (cattle, horses, pigs), Acepromazine (cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs) 3. Indication: sedation Substances: Metomidate (pigs)1 4. Indication: anxiolysis, tranquilisation Substance: Diazepam (cattle, sheep, goats, horses, donkeys, pigs, poultry and game birds)1 5. Indication: Antagonism of a2-adrenergic effects Substance: Yohimbine (cattle, deer)1 6. Indication: Nosemosis (honey bees), proliferative kidney disease (trout) Substance: Fumagillin 7. Indication: Muscle relaxation (horses) Substance: Guafenisin 8. Indication: Trypanosomiasis (cattle, sheep, horses) Substance: Diminazene The lists of substances which served as working documents for the CVMP in its attempts to identify those products which are essential in veterinary medicine today are attached to this document (Annexes 1 and 2). Any enquiries regarding this document may be directed to the attention of Dr Kornelia Grein, Head of Sector (Safety of Veterinary Medicines) at the EMEA, 7 Westferry Circus, Canary Wharf, London E14 4HB, telephone +44 20 7 418 8432. 1 Not defended Public EMEA/CVMP/411/00-FINAL 21 June 2000 2/16 ãEMEA 2000 Annex 1 Substances, which are no longer available in veterinary medicines Substances considered under Article 7 of Regulation 2377/90 (defended substances) (MRL applications withdrawn, no recommendation for inclusion in Annex I, II or III possible, included in Annex IV) Substances Indication Species2 MRL Status Examples for alternatives MRL Status for these alternatives3 Antibacterials and antiprotozoals Cefuroxime Treatment of clinical Cattle No rec. There are several drugs available mastitis in lactating cattle against mastitis and treatment of sub- clinical infections and reduction of the risk of new infections in dry cattle Chloramphenicol Treatment of bacterial Cattle (calves), Annex IV Thiamphenicol Annex I bovine, chicken infections (against broad- pigs, poultry Florfenicol Annex I bovine spectrum of bacteria) Amoxicillin Annex I all food producing species Dapsone Coccidiosis Cattle Annex IV Sulfonamides Annex I all food producing species Treatment of mastitis and There are several drugs available endometritis against mastitis and endometritis Dimetridazole Genital trichomoniasis Cattle Annex IV No alternatives Haemorrhagic enteritis Pigs Histomoniasis Turkeys Trichomoniasis Pigeons Diminazene Treatment of Cattle, sheep, Withdrawn Imidocarb (against babesiosis) Annex III bovine, ovine trypanosomiasis and horses No alternatives against babesiosis trypanosomiasis 2 Species, for which MRL application was made; also species for which products are authorised in the EU, as far as information available and was included in Summary Report 3 CVMP recommendations not yet published in the OJ are written in italics Public EMEA/CVMP/411/00-FINAL 21 June 2000 3/16 ãEMEA 2000 Substances Indication Species2 MRL Status Examples for alternatives MRL Status for these alternatives3 Furazolidone Coccidiosis Cattle Annex IV (see Dapsone) Pigs Sulfonamides (sulphaquinoxaline) Annex I all food producing species Rabbits Sulfonamides (sulphaquinoxaline) Annex I all food producing species Poultry Amprolium Annex III chicken, turkey Treatment of bacterial Toltrazuril Annex I chicken, turkey; Annex III porcine infections (against Gram Sulfonamides Annex I all food producing species positive and Gram Fish Sarafloxacin Annex I salmonidae negative bacteria) Flumequine Annex I salmonidae Kitasamycin Treatment of diseases Pigs, poultry Withdrawn Erythromycin Annex I bovine, ovine, porcine, chicken caused by mycoplasmas Tylosin Annex I bovine, porcine, poultry and Gram-positive Spiramycin Annex I bovine, porcine, chicken bacteria, some Gram- negative bacteria, spirochetes and rickettsiae Metronidazol Retentio secundinarium Cattle Annex IV Not of importance (in combination with neomycin) Dysentery (Serpulina Pigs Tiamulin Annex I porcine, chicken; Annex III turkey hyodysenteriae), Lincomycin Annex III porcine, sheep, chicken; Annex I bovine; Valnemulin Annex I porcine Nitrofurans (except Treatment of bacterial All food Annex IV There are several drugs available Furazolidone) infections (against Gram producing against infection of Gram positive and positive and Gram species Gram negative bacteria negative bacteria) Treatment of protozoal Imidocarb Annex III bovine, ovine diseases Toltrazuril Annex I chicken, turkey; Annex III porcine Polymyxin B Treatment of clinical Cattle No rec. There are several drugs available sulphate mastitis due to Gram- against mastitis and infection of Gram negative bacteria negative bacteria. Ronidazole Genital trichomoniasis Cattle Annex IV No alternatives Haemorrhagic enteritis Pigs Histomoniasis Turkeys Trichomoniasis Pigeons Public EMEA/CVMP/411/00-FINAL 21 June 2000 4/16 ãEMEA 2000 Substances Indication Species2 MRL Status Examples for alternatives MRL Status for these alternatives3 Roxarsone Treatment of digestive Pigs, poultry No rec. Toltrazuril Annex I chicken, turkey; Annex III porcine disease due to coccidia or Amprolium hydrochloride Annex III chicken, turkey treponema Tiamulin Annex I porcine, chicken; Annex III turkey Antimycotics Nystatin Treatment of ringworm Cattle, horses Withdrawn Natamycin (for topical use only) Annex II bovine, equidae Enilconazole (for topical use only) Annex II bovine, equidae Treatment of candidiasis Poultry Not of importance Anthelmintics Bithionol sulfoxide Treatment of Cattle, sheep Withdrawn Closantel Annex I bovine, ovine helminthoses (against Triclabendazole Annex I bovine, ovine adult Fasciola hepatica Nitroxinil Annex I bovine, ovine and Paramphistomum spp) Oxyclozanide Annex III bovine, ovine Niclosamide Treatment of Sheep Withdrawn Praziquantel (as niclosamide also Annex II ovine, equidae helminthoses praziquantel is effective against Taenia and Echinococcus) Chicken Not relevant for chicken; due to modern husbandry practice disease very rare Thiophanate Treatment of Cattle, sheep, Withdrawn Febantel Annex I bovine, ovine, porcine, equidae helminthoses goats, pigs Fenbendazole Annex I bovine, ovine, porcine, equidae Albendazole Annex I bovine, ovine Levamisole Annex I bovine, ovine, porcine, poultry Antiparasitics 2-Ethyl-1,3- Mastitis prevention Cattle No rec. There are several drugs available hexanediol
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1-(4-Amino-Cyclohexyl)
    (19) & (11) EP 1 598 339 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.: of the grant of the patent: C07D 211/04 (2006.01) C07D 211/06 (2006.01) 24.06.2009 Bulletin 2009/26 C07D 235/24 (2006.01) C07D 413/04 (2006.01) C07D 235/26 (2006.01) C07D 401/04 (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) (21) Application number: 05014116.7 C07D 401/06 C07D 403/04 C07D 403/06 (2006.01) A61K 31/44 (2006.01) A61K 31/48 (2006.01) A61K 31/415 (2006.01) (22) Date of filing: 18.04.2002 A61K 31/445 (2006.01) A61P 25/04 (2006.01) (54) 1-(4-AMINO-CYCLOHEXYL)-1,3-DIHYDRO-2H-BENZIMIDAZOLE-2-ONE DERIVATIVES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS AS NOCICEPTIN ANALOGS AND ORL1 LIGANDS FOR THE TREATMENT OF PAIN 1-(4-AMINO-CYCLOHEXYL)-1,3-DIHYDRO-2H-BENZIMIDAZOLE-2-ON DERIVATE UND VERWANDTE VERBINDUNGEN ALS NOCICEPTIN ANALOGE UND ORL1 LIGANDEN ZUR BEHANDLUNG VON SCHMERZ DERIVÉS DE LA 1-(4-AMINO-CYCLOHEXYL)-1,3-DIHYDRO-2H-BENZIMIDAZOLE-2-ONE ET COMPOSÉS SIMILAIRES POUR L’UTILISATION COMME ANALOGUES DU NOCICEPTIN ET LIGANDES DU ORL1 POUR LE TRAITEMENT DE LA DOULEUR (84) Designated Contracting States: • Victory, Sam AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU Oak Ridge, NC 27310 (US) MC NL PT SE TR • Whitehead, John Designated Extension States: Newtown, PA 18940 (US) AL LT LV MK RO SI (74) Representative: Maiwald, Walter (30) Priority: 18.04.2001 US 284666 P Maiwald Patentanwalts GmbH 18.04.2001 US 284667 P Elisenhof 18.04.2001 US 284668 P Elisenstrasse 3 18.04.2001 US 284669 P 80335 München (DE) (43) Date of publication of application: (56) References cited: 23.11.2005 Bulletin 2005/47 EP-A- 0 636 614 EP-A- 0 990 653 EP-A- 1 142 587 WO-A-00/06545 (62) Document number(s) of the earlier application(s) in WO-A-00/08013 WO-A-01/05770 accordance with Art.
    [Show full text]
  • Euthanasia of Experimental Animals
    EUTHANASIA OF EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS • *• • • • • • • *•* EUROPEAN 1COMMISSIO N This document has been prepared for use within the Commission. It does not necessarily represent the Commission's official position. A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu.int) Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1997 ISBN 92-827-9694-9 © European Communities, 1997 Reproduction is authorized, except for commercial purposes, provided the source is acknowledged Printed in Belgium European Commission EUTHANASIA OF EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS Document EUTHANASIA OF EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS Report prepared for the European Commission by Mrs Bryony Close Dr Keith Banister Dr Vera Baumans Dr Eva-Maria Bernoth Dr Niall Bromage Dr John Bunyan Professor Dr Wolff Erhardt Professor Paul Flecknell Dr Neville Gregory Professor Dr Hansjoachim Hackbarth Professor David Morton Mr Clifford Warwick EUTHANASIA OF EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS CONTENTS Page Preface 1 Acknowledgements 2 1. Introduction 3 1.1 Objectives of euthanasia 3 1.2 Definition of terms 3 1.3 Signs of pain and distress 4 1.4 Recognition and confirmation of death 5 1.5 Personnel and training 5 1.6 Handling and restraint 6 1.7 Equipment 6 1.8 Carcass and waste disposal 6 2. General comments on methods of euthanasia 7 2.1 Acceptable methods of euthanasia 7 2.2 Methods acceptable for unconscious animals 15 2.3 Methods that are not acceptable for euthanasia 16 3. Methods of euthanasia for each species group 21 3.1 Fish 21 3.2 Amphibians 27 3.3 Reptiles 31 3.4 Birds 35 3.5 Rodents 41 3.6 Rabbits 47 3.7 Carnivores - dogs, cats, ferrets 53 3.8 Large mammals - pigs, sheep, goats, cattle, horses 57 3.9 Non-human primates 61 3.10 Other animals not commonly used for experiments 62 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Clinical Anesthesia and Analgesia in Fish
    WellBeing International WBI Studies Repository 1-2012 Clinical Anesthesia and Analgesia in Fish Lynne U. Sneddon University of Liverpool Follow this and additional works at: https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/acwp_vsm Part of the Animal Studies Commons, Other Animal Sciences Commons, and the Veterinary Toxicology and Pharmacology Commons Recommended Citation Sneddon, L. U. (2012). Clinical anesthesia and analgesia in fish. Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine, 21(1), 32-43. This material is brought to you for free and open access by WellBeing International. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of the WBI Studies Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Clinical Anesthesia and Analgesia in Fish Lynne U. Sneddon University of Liverpool KEYWORDS Analgesics, anesthetic drugs, fish, local anesthetics, opioids, NSAIDs ABSTRACT Fish have become a popular experimental model and companion animal, and are also farmed and caught for food. Thus, surgical and invasive procedures in this animal group are common, and this review will focus on the anesthesia and analgesia of fish. A variety of anesthetic agents are commonly applied to fish via immersion. Correct dosing can result in effective anesthesia for acute procedures as well as loss of consciousness for surgical interventions. Dose and anesthetic agent vary between species of fish and are further confounded by a variety of physiological parameters (e.g., body weight, physiological stress) as well as environmental conditions (e.g., water temperature). Combination anesthesia, where 2 anesthetic agents are used, has been effective for fish but is not routinely used because of a lack of experimental validation. Analgesia is a relatively underexplored issue in regards to fish medicine.
    [Show full text]
  • Drug and Medication Classification Schedule
    KENTUCKY HORSE RACING COMMISSION UNIFORM DRUG, MEDICATION, AND SUBSTANCE CLASSIFICATION SCHEDULE KHRC 8-020-1 (11/2018) Class A drugs, medications, and substances are those (1) that have the highest potential to influence performance in the equine athlete, regardless of their approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration, or (2) that lack approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration but have pharmacologic effects similar to certain Class B drugs, medications, or substances that are approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration. Acecarbromal Bolasterone Cimaterol Divalproex Fluanisone Acetophenazine Boldione Citalopram Dixyrazine Fludiazepam Adinazolam Brimondine Cllibucaine Donepezil Flunitrazepam Alcuronium Bromazepam Clobazam Dopamine Fluopromazine Alfentanil Bromfenac Clocapramine Doxacurium Fluoresone Almotriptan Bromisovalum Clomethiazole Doxapram Fluoxetine Alphaprodine Bromocriptine Clomipramine Doxazosin Flupenthixol Alpidem Bromperidol Clonazepam Doxefazepam Flupirtine Alprazolam Brotizolam Clorazepate Doxepin Flurazepam Alprenolol Bufexamac Clormecaine Droperidol Fluspirilene Althesin Bupivacaine Clostebol Duloxetine Flutoprazepam Aminorex Buprenorphine Clothiapine Eletriptan Fluvoxamine Amisulpride Buspirone Clotiazepam Enalapril Formebolone Amitriptyline Bupropion Cloxazolam Enciprazine Fosinopril Amobarbital Butabartital Clozapine Endorphins Furzabol Amoxapine Butacaine Cobratoxin Enkephalins Galantamine Amperozide Butalbital Cocaine Ephedrine Gallamine Amphetamine Butanilicaine Codeine
    [Show full text]
  • The Effectiveness of Ketamine As an Anesthetic for Fish (Rainbow Trout – Oncorhynchus Mykiss)
    Research Article Oceanogr Fish Open Access J Volume 13 Issue 1 - January 2021 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Mohammedsaeed Ganjoor DOI: 10.19080/OFOAJ.2021.13.555852 The Effectiveness of Ketamine as an Anesthetic for Fish (Rainbow Trout – Oncorhynchus mykiss) Mohammedsaeed Ganjoor*, Maysam Salahi-ardekani, Sajad Nazari, Javad Mahdavi, Esmail Kazemi and Mohsen Mohammadpour Genetic and Breeding Research Centre for Cold Water Fishes (ShahidMotahary Cold-water Fishes Center), Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Iran Submission: November 03, 2020; Published: January 12, 2021 Corresponding author: Mohammedsaeed Ganjoor, Genetic and Breeding Research Centre for Cold Water Fishes (ShahidMotahary Cold-water Fishes Center), Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Yasuj, IRAN Email: [email protected] & [email protected] Abstract Ketamine was evaluated as water-soluble anesthetics drug for a species of fish, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish (size ~20 - ~240 anesthesiagr.) were exposed duration to (stage1 a 100-ppm to 3) concentrationand recovery duration of Ketamine was recorded.solution (dissolved Also, surveillance in water), was they evaluated were arranged after recovery. in 4 treatments Ketamine wasbased effective on their to weight range (Treatment-1= 22.8±3.4 g; Treatment-2= 51.7±4.4 g; Treatment-3= 69.8±5.2 g and Treatment-4= 243.8±20.7 g). Elapsed time for cause anesthesia in the fish as 100 ppm concentration. 10 fishes of each treatment (%100) were anesthetized and were induced in stageIII-Plane3 of anesthesia within 2-3 min after exposure to anesthetic solution (Treatment-1= 110.3±3.5 seconds; Treatment-2= 140.0±5.9 sec; Treatment-3= 180.0±5.8 sec and Treatment-4= 190.0±5.8 sec).
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Advances in Intravenous Anesthesia and Anesthetics
    Recent advances in intravenous anesthesia and anesthetics The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Mahmoud, Mohamed, and Keira P. Mason. 2018. “Recent advances in intravenous anesthesia and anesthetics.” F1000Research 7 (1): F1000 Faculty Rev-470. doi:10.12688/f1000research.13357.1. http:// dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.13357.1. Published Version doi:10.12688/f1000research.13357.1 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:37160088 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA F1000Research 2018, 7(F1000 Faculty Rev):470 Last updated: 17 APR 2018 REVIEW Recent advances in intravenous anesthesia and anesthetics [version 1; referees: 2 approved] Mohamed Mahmoud1, Keira P. Mason 2 1Department of Anesthesiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA 2Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA First published: 17 Apr 2018, 7(F1000 Faculty Rev):470 (doi: Open Peer Review v1 10.12688/f1000research.13357.1) Latest published: 17 Apr 2018, 7(F1000 Faculty Rev):470 (doi: 10.12688/f1000research.13357.1) Referee Status: Abstract Invited Referees Anesthesiology, as a field, has made promising advances in the discovery of 1 2 novel, safe, effective, and efficient methods to deliver care.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent 19 11 Patent Number: 5,446,070 Mantelle (45) Date of Patent: "Aug
    USOO544607OA United States Patent 19 11 Patent Number: 5,446,070 Mantelle (45) Date of Patent: "Aug. 29, 1995 54 COMPOST ONS AND METHODS FOR 4,659,714 4/1987 Watt-Smith ......................... 514/260 TOPCAL ADMNSTRATION OF 4,675,009 6/1987 Hymes .......... ... 604/304 PHARMACEUTICALLY ACTIVE AGENTS 4,695,465 9/1987 Kigasawa .............................. 424/19 4,748,022 5/1988 Busciglio. ... 424/195 75 Inventor: Juan A. Mantelle, Miami, Fla. 4,765,983 8/1988 Takayanagi. ... 424/434 4,789,667 12/1988 Makino ............ ... 514/16 73) Assignee: Nover Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Miami, 4,867,970 9/1989 Newsham et al. ... 424/435 Fla. 4,888,354 12/1989 Chang .............. ... 514/424 4,894,232 1/1990 Reul ............. ... 424/439 * Notice: The portion of the term of this patent 4,900,552 2/1990 Sanvordeker .... ... 424/422 subsequent to Aug. 10, 2010 has been 4,900,554 2/1990 Yanagibashi. ... 424/448 disclaimed. 4,937,078 6/1990 Mezei........... ... 424/450 Appl. No.: 112,330 4,940,587 7/1990 Jenkins ..... ... 424/480 21 4,981,875 l/1991 Leusner ... ... 514/774 22 Filed: Aug. 27, 1993 5,023,082 6/1991 Friedman . ... 424/426 5,234,957 8/1993 Mantelle ........................... 514/772.6 Related U.S. Application Data FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 63 Continuation-in-part of PCT/US92/01730, Feb. 27, 0002425 6/1979 European Pat. Off. 1992, which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 0139127 5/1985 European Pat. Off. 813,196, Dec. 23, 1991, Pat. No. 5,234,957, which is a 0159168 10/1985 European Pat.
    [Show full text]
  • MDCO-700, a New Generation Anesthetic: Evaluation of Two Formulations in Sprague-Dawley Rats Mojgan Sabet*, Ziad Tarazi, Nitin Joshi, Brad Zerler, Douglas E
    www.symbiosisonline.org Symbiosis www.symbiosisonlinepublishing.com Research Article SOJ Anesthesiology and Pain Management Open Access Special Issue: Anesthesia & Critical Care MDCO-700, a New Generation Anesthetic: Evaluation of Two Formulations in Sprague-Dawley Rats Mojgan Sabet*, Ziad Tarazi, Nitin Joshi, Brad Zerler, Douglas E. Rains and David C. Griffith The Medicines Company, 3013 Science Park Rd, San Diego, USA. CA 92121-1309. Received: April 18 2018; Accepted: May 30 2018; Published: June 04 2018 *Corresponding author: Mojgan Sabet, The Medicines Company, 3013 Science Park Rd, San Diego, USA, CA 92121-1309. Tel: 858-875-6679;Fax: 858-875-2851;E-mail: [email protected] Abstract and etomidate are the most commonly used agents to induce anesthesia at the start of surgery. Etomidate is used as an Background: MDCO-700(cyclopropyl-methoxycarbonyl anesthetic agent in emergency departments and intensive care metomidate) is a novel, potent, positive allosteric modulator of units. It produces a rapid onset of anesthesia with minimum ) receptor currently being effects on both heart rate and blood pressure and, therefore, can developed for general anesthesia and procedural sedation. Early A studiesthe γ-Aminobutyric were conducted Acid withtype aA formulation(GABA that had to be stored be safely used in patients with valvular or ischemic heart disease [2]. Unfortunately, the suppression of adrenocortical function by storage under refrigerated conditions. The original formulation etomidate has raised a major concern among clinicians [3]. (MDCO-700-F1)at frozen conditions. and Athe new new formulation formulation was (MDCO-700-F2) developed to enable were Cyclopropyl-methoxycarbonyl metomidate, also known as MDCO-700-F2 was prepared at a lower concentration and higher pH MDCO-700, is currently being developed for general anesthesia inboth order prepared to improve in Sulfobutyl long-term ether-β-cyclodextrin storage stability.
    [Show full text]
  • Alphabetical Listing of ATC Drugs & Codes
    Alphabetical Listing of ATC drugs & codes. Introduction This file is an alphabetical listing of ATC codes as supplied to us in November 1999. It is supplied free as a service to those who care about good medicine use by mSupply support. To get an overview of the ATC system, use the “ATC categories.pdf” document also alvailable from www.msupply.org.nz Thanks to the WHO collaborating centre for Drug Statistics & Methodology, Norway, for supplying the raw data. I have intentionally supplied these files as PDFs so that they are not quite so easily manipulated and redistributed. I am told there is no copyright on the files, but it still seems polite to ask before using other people’s work, so please contact <[email protected]> for permission before asking us for text files. mSupply support also distributes mSupply software for inventory control, which has an inbuilt system for reporting on medicine usage using the ATC system You can download a full working version from www.msupply.org.nz Craig Drown, mSupply Support <[email protected]> April 2000 A (2-benzhydryloxyethyl)diethyl-methylammonium iodide A03AB16 0.3 g O 2-(4-chlorphenoxy)-ethanol D01AE06 4-dimethylaminophenol V03AB27 Abciximab B01AC13 25 mg P Absorbable gelatin sponge B02BC01 Acadesine C01EB13 Acamprosate V03AA03 2 g O Acarbose A10BF01 0.3 g O Acebutolol C07AB04 0.4 g O,P Acebutolol and thiazides C07BB04 Aceclidine S01EB08 Aceclidine, combinations S01EB58 Aceclofenac M01AB16 0.2 g O Acefylline piperazine R03DA09 Acemetacin M01AB11 Acenocoumarol B01AA07 5 mg O Acepromazine N05AA04
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 8 Intravenous Anesthetics Which Accounts for Their Rapid Onset of Action
    Chapter INTRAVENOUS 8 ANESTHETICS Michael P. Bokoch and Helge Eilers PROPOFOL Physicochemical Characteristics Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics Intravenous nonopioid anesthetics have an important Clinical Uses role in modern anesthesia practice (Box 8.1).1-7 They are widely used to facilitate a rapid induction of gen- FOSPROPOFOL eral anesthesia and provide sedation during monitored Physicochemical Characteristics anesthesia care (MAC) and for patients in intensive care Pharmacokinetics settings (also see Chapter 41). With the introduction of Pharmacodynamics propofol, intravenous techniques are increasingly being Clinical Uses used for maintenance of anesthesia. However, similar to BARBITURATES inhaled anesthetics, the currently available intravenous Physicochemical Characteristics drugs do not produce only desirable effects (hypnosis, Pharmacokinetics amnesia, analgesia, immobility). Therefore, the concept Pharmacodynamics of “balanced anesthesia” evolved by using smaller doses Side Effects of multiple drugs rather than using larger doses with one Clinical Uses or two drugs. The fundamental drugs used with “balanced anesthesia” include inhaled anesthetics, sedative/hypnot- BENZODIAZEPINES ics, opioids, and neuromuscular blocking drugs (also see Physicochemical Characteristics Chapters 7, 9, and 11). Pharmacokinetics The intravenous anesthetics used for induction of gen- Pharmacodynamics eral anesthesia are lipophilic and preferentially partition Side Effects into highly perfused lipid-rich tissues (brain, spinal cord), Clinical Uses
    [Show full text]
  • {Download PDF}
    NO! PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Marta Altes | 32 pages | 15 May 2012 | Child's Play International Ltd | 9781846434174 | English | Swindon, United Kingdom trình giả lập trên PC và Mac miễn phí – Tải NoxPlayer Don't have an account? Sign up here. Already have an account? Log in here. By creating an account, you agree to the Privacy Policy and the Terms and Policies , and to receive email from Rotten Tomatoes and Fandango. Please enter your email address and we will email you a new password. We want to hear what you have to say but need to verify your account. Just leave us a message here and we will work on getting you verified. No uses its history-driven storyline to offer a bit of smart, darkly funny perspective on modern democracy and human nature. Rate this movie. Oof, that was Rotten. Meh, it passed the time. So Fresh: Absolute Must See! You're almost there! Just confirm how you got your ticket. Cinemark Coming Soon. Regal Coming Soon. By opting to have your ticket verified for this movie, you are allowing us to check the email address associated with your Rotten Tomatoes account against an email address associated with a Fandango ticket purchase for the same movie. Geoffrey Macnab. Gripping and suspenseful even though the ending is already known. Rene Rodriguez. The best movie ever made about Chilean plebiscites, No thoroughly deserves its Oscar nomination for Best Foreign Film. Anthony Lane. Soren Andersen. Calvin Wilson. A cunning and richly enjoyable combination of high-stakes drama and media satire from Chilean director Pablo Larrain.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2003/0068365A1 Suvanprakorn Et Al
    US 2003.0068365A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2003/0068365A1 Suvanprakorn et al. (43) Pub. Date: Apr. 10, 2003 (54) COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR Related U.S. Application Data ADMINISTRATION OF ACTIVE AGENTS USING LIPOSOME BEADS (60) Provisional application No. 60/327,643, filed on Oct. 5, 2001. (76) Inventors: Pichit Suvanprakorn, Bangkok (TH); Tanusin Ploysangam, Bangkok (TH); Publication Classification Lerson Tanasugarn, Bangkok (TH); Suwalee Chandrkrachang, Bangkok (51) Int. Cl." .......................... A61K 9/127; A61K 35/78 (TH); Nardo Zaias, Miami Beach, FL (52) U.S. Cl. ............................................ 424/450; 424/725 (US) (57) ABSTRACT Correspondence Address: Law Office of Eric G. Masamori Compositions and methods for administration of active 6520 Ridgewood Drive agents encapsulated within liposome beads to enable a wider Castro Valley, CA 94.552 (US) range of delivery vehicles, to provide longer product shelf life, to allow multiple active agents within the composition, (21) Appl. No.: 10/264,205 to allow the controlled use of the active agents, to provide protected and designable release features and to provide (22) Filed: Oct. 3, 2002 Visual inspection for damage and inconsistency. US 2003/0068365A1 Apr. 10, 2003 COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR toxic degradation of the products, leakage of the drug from ADMINISTRATION OF ACTIVE AGENTS USING the liposome and the modifications of the Size and morphol LPOSOME BEADS ogy of the phospholipid liposome vesicles through aggre gation and fusion. Liposome vesicles are known to be CROSS REFERENCE TO OTHER thermodynamically relatively unstable at room temperature APPLICATIONS and can Spontaneously fuse into larger, leSS Stable altered liposome forms.
    [Show full text]