Technical University of Munich Department of Mechanical Engineering

Annual Report 2016 Mechanical Engineering Imprint

Technical University of Munich Department of Mechanical Engineering Boltzmannstrasse 15 85748 Garching near Munich Germany www.mw.tum.de

Editor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Nikolaus Adams Sub-editor: Dr. Till v. Feilitzsch Layout: Fa-Ro Marketing, Munich Photo credits: Uli Benz, Matthias Bittner, Stephane Corvaja, Ingo Dumreicher, Astrid Eckert, Jan Greune, Tobias Hase, Andreas Heddergott, Christian Krempaszky, Jacob Lund/Getty Images, Jan-Fabian Meis, Rawpixel/Getty Images, Jan Musiol, Claas Olthoff, PeopleImages/Getty Images, Andreas Rücker, Albert Scharger and further illustrations provided by the institutes

March 2017 Technical University of Munich Department of Mechanical Engineering

Annual Report 2016 Mechanical Engineering Content

Preamble 6 TUM Department of Mechanical Engineering 7 Department Board of Management 8 Department Council Mechanical Engineering 9 Central Services 12 Honors Awarded During the Department Day 16 Appointments 18 Facts and Figures 19 Selected Highlights 2016 20 Ranking Results 27 Research 28 Projects and Clusters 30 Divisions of the Department of Mechanical Engineering 33 Studying at the TUM Department of Mechanical Engineering 44 International Students and Students’ Exchange 48 Public Funds to Improve Conditions of Study at the Department of Mechanical Engineering 50 Diversity 52 Central Teaching Unit 53 Student Council 56 Branch Library Mechanical Engineering 58 Retirement 59 Faculty Members 61

Reports of the Institutes Prof. Dr.-Ing. Nikolaus A. Adams Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics 72 Prof. Dr. phil. Klaus Bengler Ergonomics 82 Prof. Dr. Sonja Berensmeier Bioseparation Engineering 90 Prof. Dr. Carlo L. Bottasso Wind Energy 93 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Drechsler Carbon Composites 98 Michael W. Gee Mechanics and High Performance Computing 108 Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Dipl.-Geophys. Christian U. Große Non-destructive Testing 113 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Volker Gümmer Turbomachinery and Flight Propulsion 117 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dipl.-Wi.-Ing. Willibald A. Günthner Prof. Dr.-Ing. Johannes Fottner Materials Handling, Material Flow, Logistics/Technical Logistics 123 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Oskar J. Haidn Space Propulsion 132 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Hajek Helicopter Technology 137 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Florian Holzapfel Flight System Dynamics 145 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Mirko Hornung Aircraft Design 152 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Mirko Hornung (interim) Lightweight Structures 157 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Jakob Kaltenbach Flow Control and Aeroacoustics 163 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harald Klein Plant and Process Technology 165

4 Content Prof. Phaedon-Stelios Koutsourelakis, Ph.D. Continuum Mechanics 169 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Kremling Systems Biotechnology 173 Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Oliver Lieleg Biomechanics 176 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Markus Lienkamp Automotive Technology 179 Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Boris Lohmann Automatic Control 184 Prof. Dr. Tim C. Lüth Micro Technology and Medical Device Technology 189 Prof. Dr. Tim C. Lüth (interim) Medical and Polymer Engineering 196 Prof. Rafael Macian-Juan, Ph.D. Nuclear Engineering 200 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Steffen Marburg Vibroacoustics of Vehicles and Machines 205 Prof. Dr. Rudolf Neu Plasma Material Interaction 209 Prof. Wolfgang Polifke, Ph.D. Thermo-Fluid Dynamics 214 Prof. Dr. Julien Provost Safe Embedded Systems 219 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gunther Reinhart Industrial Management and Assembly Technologies 222 Prof. dr. ir. Daniel J. Rixen Applied Mechanics 227 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Sattelmayer Thermodynamics 233 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Veit Senner Sport Equipment and Materials 247 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hartmut Spliethoff Energy Systems 251 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karsten Stahl Machine Elements 257 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Birgit Vogel-Heuser Automation and Information Systems 267 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfram Volk Metal Forming and Casting 275 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfram Volk (interim) Product Development 282 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Georg Wachtmeister Internal Combustion Engines 290 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfgang A. Wall Computational Mechanics 296 Prof. Prof. h. c. Dr. Dr. h. c. Ulrich Walter Astronautics 302 Prof. Dr. mont. habil. Dr. rer. nat. h. c. Ewald Werner Materials Science and Mechanics of Materials 312 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dirk Weuster-Botz Biochemical Engineering 319 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael F. Zaeh Machine Tools and Manufacturing Technology 324

Appendix 330

Content 5 Preamble

Dear reader,

Five years ago, the TUM Department of from early contacts with potential future Mechanical Engineering was evaluated employers. At the same time, one can in a review process initiated by the QDUGTXGVJCVVJGUEKGPVKƄESWCNKV[QHVJGUGU University Board. Already in 2011, the improves from good supervision and Board of Referees pointed to the strength presence in an academic environment, in research and teaching, while also including teaching. Consequently, the suggesting that more publications in Department of Mechanical Engineering internationally highly renowned journals YCUVJGƄTUVHCEWNV[CV67/VQGZRGEV or conferences were required to increase presence at the university for at least one visibility. day per week on average from each Ph.D. As a consequence, the department agreed candidate. to focus on contributions listed on ISI Equally important as research funding Web of Science or Scopus as a criterion and joint projects with industry is the for ‘renowned journals’ and introduced a CRRQKPVOGPVQHJKIJRTQƄNGTGUGCTEJGTU number of measures to increase publica- from industry. In 2016, the TUM Depart- tion activities, starting from courses on ment of Mechanical Engineering was n5EKGPVKƄE2CRGT9TKVKPIoKPVJG)TCFWCVG able to appoint Prof. Gümmer as Chair %GPVGTWRVQƄPCPEKCNKPEGPVKXGUHQTVJG of Turbomachinery and Flight Propulsion institutes and formal requirements, e.g. in and Prof. Fottner as Chair of Technical the habilitation process. The number of Logistics. Prof. Gümmer was Chief publications almost doubled from c. 300 Engineer at Rolls Royce Germany and p.a. (2006-2008) to 500 p.a. (2013-2016, Prof. Fottner has been Managing Director based on Scopus data for professors of MIAS GmbH with responsibility for all only); citations more than tripled from less technical and operational businesses in than 2000 p.a. to over 6000 p.a. Since the MIAS Group. most international rankings are based on For the third time now, we have com- publication data, the TUM Department of piled the department's most recent Mechanical Engineering is now ranked in achievements and research results in this top positions worldwide and on position report. We hope that it helps our partners |QTYKVJKP)GTOCP[ EH4CPMKPIU in academia and industry to establish R|  contact points, prospective students and Excellent collaboration with industry is junior researchers to identify possible a unique feature of German engineering supervisors that best suit their interests schools, especially in such an economi- and – last but not least – ourselves, the cally strong region as the greater Munich colleagues at the department as a living area. Third party funding has more than exchange platform on our research and doubled since 2005, although the growth teaching activities. rate has been slowing down during the last few years, with an observable shifting from direct funding through industry towards project funding from the federal and state governments. Students and Prof. Dr.-Ing. Nikolaus Adams, Dean FQEVQTCNECPFKFCVGURTQƄVUKIPKƄECPVN[

6 Preamble TUM Department of Mechanical Engineering

Since 1868 the TUM Department of Teaching and research activities practi- Mechanical Engineering has striven for cally ground to a halt after the Second the highest quality developments in World War but were resumed in 1948, engineering science. Our university was primarily with newly appointed professors. founded, among others, refrigeration An enormous expansion took place in the pioneer Carl von Linde and renowned 1950s and 1960s, especially in process mathematician and materials scientist technology. Once the research ban on Johann Bauschinger. It would become the aerospace and production technology was base of Gustav Niemann, author of one lifted these areas likewise started thriving QHVJGOQUVUKIPKƄECPVUVCPFCTFYQTMU again. on mechanical engineering, mechanic August Föppl and thermodynamics expert The Department of Mechanical Engineer- Wilhelm Nußelt. Former students include ing is now one of the most successful Rudolf Diesel, who had the initial ideas for of its kind in the world and enjoys top what would become his paradigm-shifting places in the largest international research invention during one of Carl von Linde’s rankings. The basis of this success lies in lectures, and the aircraft designers Claude VJGRWDNKECVKQPQHMG[UEKGPVKƄECEJKGXG- Dornier and Willy Messerschmitt. ments comprising a balanced mix of both state and industry promoted projects. The Department has also been closely 6JG&GRCTVOGPVDGPGƄVUHTQOCJKIJN[ connected to the political and industrial innovative environment in a prestigious development of Bavaria. This saw the university with one of the largest research GUVCDNKUJOGPVQHOKNKVCTKN[KORQTVCPVƄGNFU facilities in Europe as well as from strong UWEJCUCKTETCHVFGUKIPCPFƅKIJVRTQ industry partners with their headquarters pulsion. or research facilities in Munich.

TUM Department of Mechanical Engineering 7 Department Board of Management

The Department of Mechanical Engineering is headed was established in 2014. It comprises the deans and by the Dean, two Vice Deans and the Dean of Studies, representatives of groups of professors. The Department elected by the faculty of the department every three years. Board of Management acts as an advisor to the Dean; the In order to facilitate communication and to put decisions responsibility of the Departmental Board (‘Fakultätsrat’) onto a broader base a Department Board of Management regarding formal academic matters remains untouched.

Dean

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Nikolaus A. Adams Prof. Dr.-Ing. Mirko Hornung

Vice Dean

Prof. Dr. Ir. Daniel Rixen Prof. Dr.-Ing. Boris Lohmann

Vice Dean

Prof. Dr. Tim C. Lüth Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hartmut Spliethoff

Dean of Studies

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Hajek Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfram Volk

Prof. Dr. Klaus Bengler Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ewald Werner

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael W. Gee Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Zaeh

8 Department Board of Management Department Council Mechanical Engineering

The Department Council is the central decision-making In the current legislative period (01.10.2016-30.09.2017), body of the department and is headed by the Dean. Here the following people are members of the Department fundamental decisions are made, which effect the depart- Council of the TUM Department of Mechanical Engineer- ment but which are not the responsibility of the Dean, KPI6JG[TGRTGUGPVRTQHGUUQTUUEKGPVKƄEGORNQ[GGU Dean of Studies or other decision-making bodies of the PQPUEKGPVKƄEGORNQ[GGUUVWFGPVUCPFHGOCNGUVCHH+P department, such as the Examination Board. Furthermore, addition, there are permanent guests (without voting the Department Council acts as a central communication rights), who may take part in meetings of the Department platform, where representatives from the department's Council. various different membership groups can exchange information and voice opinions.

Professors

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Nikolaus A. Adams (Dean) Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael W. Gee [email protected] [email protected]

Prof. Dr. Ir. Daniel Rixen (Vice Dean) Prof. Dr.-Ing. Mirko Hornung [email protected] [email protected]

Prof. Dr. Tim C. Lüth (Vice Dean) Prof. Dr.-Ing. Markus Lienkamp [email protected] [email protected]

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Hajek (Dean of Studies) Prof. Dr.-Ing. Boris Lohmann [email protected] [email protected]

Prof. Dr. Klaus Bengler Prof. Wolfgang Polifke, Ph.D. [email protected] [email protected]

Prof. Dr. Sonja Berensmeier Prof. Dr.-Ing. Veit Senner [email protected] [email protected]

Department Council Mechanical Engineering 9 5EKGPVKƄE'ORNQ[GGU

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfram Volk Patrick Gontar [email protected] [email protected]

Prof. Dr. mont. habil. Dr. rer. nat. h. c. Ewald Werner Marcus Grochowina [email protected] [email protected]

Dr. Sebastian Rehfeldt [email protected]

PD Dr. Christian Stemmer [email protected]

0QPUEKGPVKƄE'ORNQ[GGU

Uli Ebner [email protected]

Cornelia Härtling [email protected]

10 Department Council Mechanical Engineering Students Permanent Guests (without voting rights)

Carmen Aringer Andrea Ebner (Deputy women’s representative) [email protected] [email protected]

Isabell Franck Felicitas Engel (Deputy women’s representative) [email protected] [email protected]

Helena Hashemi Farzaneh Maximilian Hasenau (Deputy women’s representative) [email protected] [email protected]

Annika Ulherr Markus Weiß (Deputy women’s representative) [email protected] [email protected]

Women’s Representative

Richard Kern (Doctoral candidates representative) [email protected] Stephanie Frankl [email protected]

Department Council Mechanical Engineering 11 Central Services

9KVJCDQWVUVWFGPVUQXGT|RTQHGUUQTUCPFYGNN management and accounting, are handled by the institutes, over 1000 employees, the Department of Mechanical many responsibilities are allocated to the Dean of the Engineering is of a size comparable to many universities. department. This includes responsibility for the resources Even though most administrative tasks, including project allocated to the department as well as student services.

Department Management Quality Management The Department Management assists and Controlling the Dean in academic self-administra- tion and the coordination of adminis- The section ‘Quality Management and trative processes in the department. Controlling’ coordinates the imple- mentation and further development of a quality management system in Dr. Till von Feilitzsch the Central Services department. A further major responsibility of this section is to maintain a compre- hensive reporting system for the department and to carry out budget planning based on the reports.

Dr. Thomas Wagner Dr. Alexander Ewald Section Head The following units are assigned to the Department Management:

Assistance to the Dean This unit assists the Dean in daily matters, coordinates inquiries in Atiye Korkmaz various areas and takes responsibility Deputy for administrative duties relating to the department and its administration.

Rella Recsetar

Stephan Hartl Accounting

Information Technology This unit supports central services staff regarding IT matters.

Robert Klopp Cornelia Härtling IT Administration Accounting and Budget Planning

Hochbrück Branch This unit acts as a contact point regarding administrative issues of the Hochbrück branch of the department, such as room assignments or access control.

Cornelia Kirsten Administration

12 Central Services Academic Affairs The section ‘Academic Affairs’ deals with academic procedures such as honorary doctorates and profes- sorships, lectureships, awards and prizes as well as departmental events. In addition, this section assists the Dean in building management and in granting permission in relation to such management.

Dieter Grimm Section Head

Central Teaching Unit This section is concerned with central training aspects of doctoral candidates, as well as training of key competencies of Bachelor and Master students of the department. Please also c.f. p. 53 f.

Dr. Birgit Spielmann Luise Poetzsch Section Head Center of Key Competencies

Franziska Glasl Po Sang Lam Deputy Graduate Center

Tamaris Böttcher Stefanija Stiebre Center of Key Competencies Graduate Center

Susanne Lösel Center of Key Competencies

Central Services 13 Student Services Examination Affairs This section is the central information The section ‘Examination Affairs’ is QHƄEGHQTUVWFGPVUCPFRQVGPVKCN the central contact point for students students regarding degrees, degree regarding all questions concerning courses abroad and degree course examinations; from admissions organization. It also administers procedure, through internships in and organizes degree courses and industry before and during the Bache- administers tuition funds. In addition, lor program to the complete admini- it is the contact for the Head of the stration of marking and examinations. Department, professors and other bodies of the university regarding Dr. Edda Wenzig degree course development, planning Section Head and organization.

Dr. Ingrid Mayershofer Bachelor’s Degree Section Head Examination Board

Saskia Ammon Arno Buchner Student Exchange Deputy Section Head

Dr.-Ing. Anna Reif Student Advisory Service Sabine Obermaier

Silvia Newin

Diana Ivanova

Christine Mühlbauer Administration

14 Central Services Master’s Degree Internships Examination Board in Industry

Anett Geckert Lisa Lauterbach

Claudia Mattheis

Romy Scholz

Information Technology

Information Technology at the Department of Mechanical Engineering designs and documents central IT systems of the department. It is the interface with the external UGTXKEGURTQXKFGFD[VJG67/6JG+PHQTOCVKQP1HƄEGT (IO) coordinates the use of IT in the department and CFXKUGUVJGKPUVKVWVGUQPVJGFGXGNQROGPVQHCPGHƄEKGPV+6 Prof. Dr. Tim C. Lüth infrastructure. Campus-wide IT systems are coordinated IO of the Department by the CIO/IO board.

Nicole Siegmund Deputy

Central Services 15 Honors Awarded During the Department Day

Always held on the second Friday in July, not come true; for example, Emperor the Department Day at the Department Wilhelm II who thought: ‘Automobiles of Mechanical Engineering is traditionally are a passing phenomenon. I believe in the ceremonial event which concludes the horses.’ After his speech Dean Lüth read academic year. The most important item out the names of all the graduates present on the program is a ceremony in which and they received their bronze medals of graduates of the previous year are hon- honor from Prof. Berensmeier and Prof. ored and take their leave in the presence Lohmann, who wore cap and gown for the of family members and numerous guests occasion. of honor from the university and industry. There are addresses from the Dean, Accompanied by a New Orleans jazz Dean of Studies and representatives of band, the dignitaries from the department both students and staff. The brand new and TUM entered the lecture hall where Master's degree graduates receive the the ceremony for the graduates and department's bronze medal of honor; for guests of honor soon took place (see doctoral degree holders there is a silver photo). In his address to the graduates medal. The Dean and representatives of this year Dean Lüth spoke in particular the university give accounts on the depart- to those graduates who had decided to ment and TUM. The ceremony is followed remain in the department to qualify as a by a sparkling wine reception and then, to university lecturer; he cited the research round off the day, the department ball with ƄGNFUQHVJGFGRCTVOGPV UCUUQEKCVGRTQ- a buffet, dance music and entertainment. fessors, as well as those who had quali- ƄGFCUNGEVWTGTUUKPEGCPFVJGKTPGZV Impressions of the Department Day career steps. Of 130 doctoral graduates, Mechanical Engineering 2016 64 were present. Each one was presented, This year 300 of the 560 graduates together with their dissertation, to the accepted the invitation to participate in guests and received the department's the Department Day. In his speech Dean silver medal of honor. On Department Day Lüth encouraged the graduates to always nine prizes for exceptional achievement hold onto their dreams and work towards and seven for outstanding dissertations their goals despite setbacks. He quoted were awarded. The prize winners are listed statements of famous people which had on the following page.

16 Honours Awarded During the Department Day Prizes awarded for Dissertations Prizes awarded for Excellent Degrees and for Master’s Theses Rudolf Schmidt-Burkhardt Gedächtnispreis SGL Group Award Dr.-Ing. Johannes Mayet Tim Thurn, M.Sc. ‘Centrifugal Vibration Absorbers – ‘Analytisches Modell des Laserstrahl- Theory and Application’ schneidens von CF-Preforms’

Fakultätspreis – Dissertation Dr.-Ing. Ralf Blumenthal RENK Antriebstechnik Förderpreis ‘A Systems View on Non-Normal – Abschlussarbeit Transient Growth in Thermoacoustics’ Andreas Ziegltrum, M.Sc. ‘Simulation des thermo-elastohydro- dynamischen (TEHD) Linienkontaktes unter instationären Bedingungen’ Wittenstein Preis – Dissertation Dr.-Ing. Susanne Rösch Arburg Preis – Abschlussarbeit ‘Model-based Testing of Fault Sce- Johannes Deist, M.Sc. narios in Production Automation’ ‘Entwicklung eines Systems zur Trinkmengenerfassung mittels Durch- ƅWUUOGUUWPIo

Willy Messerschmitt Preis Dr.-Ing. Thomas Fiala Wittenstein Preis – Abschlussarbeit ‘Radiation from High Pressure Laura Abram, M.Sc. Hydrogen-Oxygen Flames and its n+FGPVKƄMCVKQPWPF6TCPUHGTOGVJQ- Use in Assessing Rocket Combustion discher Ansätze aus fachfremden Instability’ Bereichen zur systematischen Unterstützung der Krisenbewältigung Arburg Preis – Dissertation in der Produktentwicklung’ Dr.-Ing. Michael Weiner ‘Metabolische Kontrollanalyse der Fakultätspreis – Bester Abschluss mikrobiellen L-Phenylalanin-Herstel- Niklas Fehn, M.Sc. lung im Zulaufverfahren’ Overall grade: 1,02 (Best Degree)

Manfred Hirschvogel Preis Dr.-Ing. Manuel Lorenz ‘Reduction of Heating Loads and Fakultätspreis – Interior Window Fogging in Vehicles’ Exzellente Abschlüsse Dominick Axel Werner, M.Sc. Overall grade: 1.04 Christian Werner Mährle, M.Sc. Overall grade: 1.11 RENK Antriebstechnik Förderpreis Dominik Steffen Wengner, M.Sc. – Dissertation Overall grade: 1.12 Dr.-Ing. Werner Sigmund Marcel Menner, M.Sc. ‘Untersuchung und Simulation des Overall grade: 1.13 Verschleißverhaltens von Schneck- engetrieben mit unvollständigem Tragbild’

Honours Awarded During the Department Day 17 Appointments

Again in 2016 two new professors have Prof. Dr.-Ing. Johannes Fottner been appointed to the TUM Department of A strong commitment to logistics Mechanical Engineering. engineering is a unique feature of TUM as compared to other universities in Germany, even though this sector is the Prof. Dr.-Ing. Volker Gümmer third largest in Germany (after health and Prof. Kau, the former chair of Flight Pro- automotive) with a yearly turnover of pulsion passed away unexpectedly and |DKNNKQPGWTQCPFOKNNKQPGORNQ[GGU far too soon in 2013, leaving a well-estab- and rapidly growing. lished and active research group. Very UQQPCHVGTVJGFGRCTVOGPVFGEKFGFVQƄNN Prof. Fottner is a renowned expert in this Prof. Dr.-Ing. this position again, as turbomachinery is ƄGNF5KPEGEQORNGVKPIJKUFKUUGTVCVKQP Volker Gümmer an essential part of aerospace engineering which was honored ‘Best Dissertation of and also stationary power conversion. To the Department’, he has been working in address this broader focus, the depart- leading positions in industry, most recently ment decided to slightly alter the name of as Technical Director MIAS Hungary Kft. the institute to ‘Turbomachinery and Flight During long stays in Switzerland, China, Propulsion’. the US and Hungary, he gained broad international experience. The department is proud that it was able to gain Prof. Gümmer (b. 1964) for this position. Prof. Gümmer studied Mechan- ical Engineering with a focus on aero- nautics in Braunschweig and then started his career with Rolls-Royce Germany, Prof. Dr.-Ing. where he later also had the opportunity to Johannes Fottner achieve his Ph.D. under the supervision of Prof. Kau. He has been ‘Manager of CFD Methos and Aerothermal Technology’ with Rolls-Royce Germany since 2012.

18 Appointments Facts and Figures

2014 2015 2016 Staff Total 1,102 1,065 1,019 Full Professors 29 30 29 Associate Professors 10 10 10 5EKGPVKƄE5VCHH 824 796 759 0QPUEKGPVKƄE5VCHH 211 207 201 Apprentices 28 22 20

Students Total 5726 5620 5447 Bachelor 2744 2401 2176 students total 679 684 652 freshmen per year 593 802 542 graduations per year Master 2041 2375 2592 students total 838 1028 965 freshmen per year 532 626 589 graduations per year

Additional categories include doctoral and exchange students and others

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0 Master Bachelor Master Bachelor Master Bachelor 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016

■ Master female ■ Master male ■ Bachelor female ■ Bachelor male

Doctoral Programme Defenses 164 136 142

Funding State Budget 1,727,456 1,628,877 1,625,670 Euros Aditional Tuition Funds 1,914,375 1,913,690 1,785,204 Euros State Positions 519 509 501 Acquired Research Funding 48,582,963 55,302,894 53,930,633 Euros total 22,651,978 26,412,923 27,592,955 Euros public sources 25,930,985 28,889,972 26,337,678 Euros private sources

Facts and Figures 19 Selected Highlights 2016

SFB TRR 40: Fundamental Technologies for the Develop- ment of Future Space-Transport-System Components under High Thermal and Mechanical Loads ■ The European space industry prepares itself the future generations of space-transportation and launcher systems to ensure Europe’s independent access to space. Only such a capability ensures the political and economic independence of EU member states whose industries and security rely to CUKIPKƄECPVGZVGPVQPWUCIGCPFGZRNQKVCVKQPQHVJGPGCTGCTVJQTDKVCPF YJQUGUEKGPVKƄEKPVGTGUVUNKGKP'CTVJCPFRNCPGVCT[GZRNQTCVKQP

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Future generations of space-transporta- The sheer numbers underline that novel Nikolaus Adams tion systems will offer a variety of launch interdisciplinary technological design capabilities and different levels of reusa- procedures are needed to take the devel- Contact bility. They will rely on chemical propulsion opment of rocket engines to new levels in systems as primary engines, as this type TGNKCDKNKV[CPFRGTHQTOCPEG6JGUEKGPVKƄE Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics of propulsion offers the best compromise core subject of all divisions within the www.sfbtr40.de between development and production EQNNCDQTCVKXGTGUGCTEJEGPVGT644| [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.16142 EQUVCPFGHƄEKGPE[HQTVJGHQTGUGGCDNG is the multi-disciplinary investigation of future. The particularly high complexity and nonlinear coupled thermomechanical extreme thermal and mechanical loads of systems. Model development is based chemical propulsion engines call for inten- QPGZRGTKOGPVCNƄPFKPIUCPFXCNKFCVKQP sive fundamental research as a prerequisite through detailed numerical simulation in all for radical improvements participating projects. and innovative technical Innovative cooling concepts are needed solutions. Critical, thermally for combustion chamber temperatures of and mechanical highly about 3500K and multi-scale, multi-phys- loaded components of space ics modeling approaches are developed transportation systems with to handle injection temperatures near chemical propulsion engines the critical point of 50-70K. Dynamic are the focus of the collabo- thermomechanical loads, highly unsteady rative research center. The main areas of YCMGƅQYUPGYOCVGTKCNUCPFCNVGTPCVKXG research are the combustion chamber, the propulsion fuels are among the main focus PQ\\NGCHVDQF[ƅQYUCTQWPFVJGKPVGITCVGF areas in the interdisciplinary modeling rocket engine, and structure cooling. efforts. 6JGUEKGPVKƄEQDLGEVKXGQH644KUVQ Together with the leading universities in perform fundamental research to accom- Germany in rocket propulsion (RWTH RNKUJCUKIPKƄECPVICKPKPGHƄEKGPE[CPF Aachen University, TU Braunschweig, reliability and a reduction in the cost of University of Stuttgart, The University of future primary propulsion engines for the Armed Forces Munich), the German space transportation systems. The power- national aeronautics and space research to-mass density of the main-stage Ariane centre (DLR) and the industiral partner Air- 5 engine ‘Vulcain 2’ is almost 2 MW/kg, bus-Safran Launchers, the TUM is leading a ratio which no other known man-made VJGRTQLGEVUKPKVUVJKTF CPFƄPCN HWPFKPI energy-conversion machine reaches. A period. The German Research Foundation single Ariane 5 rocket engine (Vulcain 2) (DFG) has granted another four years and develops up to 1360 kN of thrust – this is aOVQVJG644|YJKEJKUVJGNCTIGUV equivalent to all four engines on a A380 research center funded by the DFG in airbus. The cooling power needed to engineering sciences. The combination of prevent the nozzle from failure surpasses excellent research capabilities and world- 100 MW/m2, the power of thrust chamber class experimental facilities together with VQVCNU)9CPFVJGOCUUƅQYQHNKSWKF an industrial partner is unique among the oxygen and hydrogen exceeds 300 kg/s. DFG-funded research centers.

20 Selected Highlights SFB 768: Managing Cycles in Innovation Processes – Integrated Development of Product-Service Systems Based on Technical Products ■ The DFG Collaborative Research Centre SFB 768 ‘Managing Cycles in Innovation Processes’ provides methods and models to manage inno- vations in an interdisciplinary way. In September 2015 the results of the UGEQPFHWPFKPIRGTKQFHQEWUKPIQPOQFGNKPIQHKPPQXCVKQPE[ENGUYGTG successfully evaluated by the international reviewers and a third funding period 2016-2019 has been approved.

Innovations are an essential competitive The overall goal of the SFB 768 is an Prof. Dr.-Ing. advantage for most German and also interdisciplinary synchronization of the Birgit Vogel-Heuser European companies. The objective of the different cycles and models in the overall SFB 768 is to manage and shape inno- innovation process. Major challenges in Contact vation processes under consideration of managing such heterogeneous models are Automation and Information CHHGEVKPIE[ENKEKPƅWGPEGUKPQTFGTVQGPC- the detailed assessment required and han- Systems ble companies to evolve their position in dling of change impacts on other models www.sfb768.tum.de [email protected] the market. Companies face the challenge sKGVJGURGEKƄEGHHGEVUCEJCPIGQHQPG Phone +49.89.289.16400 to act and react successfully throughout element in a model has on elements in VJGKPPQXCVKQPRTQEGUUWPFGTVJGKPƅWGPEG other models with e.g. a different level of of these interlaced cycles. The SFB 768 abstraction or from a different discipline – focuses especially on market offers from and the synchronization between cyclically companies, which combine products changing, technical and socio-technical and services to so-called product service boundary conditions along the entire life systems (PSS). cycle of PSS. Now, in its ninth year of collaboration, a By transferring the knowledge gained and joint understanding has been developed, ƄPFKPIUVQKPFWUVT[GIVJTQWIJVTCPUHGT allowing the coupling of models between projects, workshops and symposia, man- the different disciplines and also along CIGTUCPFFGEKUKQPOCMGTUECPƄPFVJG the value creation chain. Additionally, best available path in the often confusing VJGKFGPVKƄECVKQPQHKPEQPUKUVGPEKGUKP landscape of possible decisions between, case of external changes, for example GIVGEJPKEUQTICPK\CVKQPCPFSWCNKƄEC- caused by new technologies or laws and tion. Thus, the SFB 768 offers companies UVCPFCTFUJCUDGGPKFGPVKƄGFCUQPGQH effective concepts to manage the innova- the most appropriate leverages. Resulting tion cycles of their systems and PSS. constraints for innovations have been To enable participants to understand the analyzed in detail. Based on these results, mechanisms behind innovations and man- methods and tools can be developed in age the interdependencies in a cooperative the different disciplines to manage the interdisciplinary way, the lecture series respective models under consideration of ‘Managing Innovations’ was initiated, sup- Team of the Collaborative VJGKTOWVWCNKPƅWGPEGU ported by an online channel with selected Research Centre SFB 768 at the kick-off meeting for the third For the integrated management of innova- training sessions. funding period. tion processes, the perspective has been extended to a socio-technical view. Thus, the seventeen subprojects from mechan- ical engineering, economics, business informatics, psychology and sociology enable a unique interdisciplinary research perspective on innovation processes, interacting with strong international coop- eration partners in academia and national industrial partners.

Selected Highlights 21 Inauguration of the Fraunhofer IGCV in Augsburg headed by TUM Professors Gunther Reinhart, Klaus Drechsler and Wolfram Volk ■ ‘A milestone for on-the-spot research in Bavaria’‘a positive contri- DWVKQPVQUVTGPIVJGPKPIVJGGEQPQOKETGIKQPQH#WIUDWTICUYGNNCU industry in Bavaria’sOWEJRTCKUGCPFTGEQIPKVKQPYCUGZRTGUUGFQPVJG occasion of the foundation of the Fraunhofer IGCV.

The State Minister for Economic Affairs Ilse Aigner interacting with COQDKNGJCPFIGUVWTGEQPVTQNNGF robot at the inauguration of the Fraunhofer IGCV (Photo: from NGHVVQTKIJV2TQH4GKPJCTV2TQH &TGEJUNGT2TQH8QNM2TQH*GT- rmann (TUM) und Dr. Rosenfeld (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)

The Fraunhofer Research Institution for The Fraunhofer IGCV is headed jointly by Casting, Composite and Processing three professors: Klaus Drechsler, Gunther Technology (IGCV) was founded on July 1, Reinhart and Wolfram Volk, all of whom 2016, integrating two Fraunhofer project hold a chair at the TUM. These close ITQWRU4GUQWTEG'HƄEKGPV/GEJCVTQPKE ties open up numerous opportunities for Processing Machines (RMV) and Func- cooperation in the formulation of compre- tionally Integrated Lightweight Design hensive research results. (FIL). The aim of the Fraunhofer IGCV is Automotive engineering, aircraft con- to consolidate research and development struction, mechanical engineering and expertise in the areas of lightweight cast- plant engineering are the most important ing technology, composites and intelligent industry branches whose requirements automation. will be addressed by the institution. It sees Until now the project groups in Augsburg itself as a value-adding service provider have been located in the Martini Park for manufacturers. The focus on hybrid and the Augsburg Innovationspark. In construction and corresponding produc- future, activities will be focused on the tion systems offers potential for highly latter location, where a second building is integrated solutions and innovative design being planned for 2019. In addition, a new concepts for lightweight construction. casting technologies department is being Furthermore, intelligent automation and built up in Garching near Munich from digitalisation of production is not just a the existing Chair of Metal Forming and requirement of foundries and composite Casting (utg) at the Technical University of manufacturers and processors. Compe- Munich (TUM). Currently the department tence in the area of Industry 4.0 is a vital has around 100 members of staff; this component integrated into the work at number is expected to rise to c. 160 by IGCV to ensure competitive production. 2021.

22 Selected Highlights First-ever Demonstration of Closed-loop Wake Redirection to Improve the Power Output of a Wind Farm ■9KPFVWTDKPGUGZVTCEVMKPGVKEGPGTI[HTQOVJGCKTƅQYVTCPUHQTOKPIKVƄTUV into mechanical and then into electrical energy. Because of this conversion RTQEGUUVJGYCMGUJGFD[CYKPFVWTDKPGKUEJCTCEVGTK\GFD[NQYGTURGGFU CPFJKIJGTVWTDWNGPEGKPVGPUKV[VJCPVJGHTGGUVTGCO*GPEGHQTEGTVCKPYKPF FKTGEVKQPUYCMGUUJGFD[WRUVTGCOYKPFVWTDKPGUECPUJCFQYFQYPUVTGCO OCEJKPGUTGUWNVKPIKP[KGNFNQUUGUCPFKPETGCUGFHCVKIWGNQCFKPI

Prof. Dr. Carlo L. Bottasso

Contact

Wind Energy www.wind.mw.tum.de [email protected] [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.16681

.KXKUWCNK\CVKQPQHVJGƅQYYKVJCPFYKVJQWVYKPFHCTOEQPVTQN

Wind farm control methods developed Campus on October 5-7, 2016, under the at TUM try to address this problem. By auspices of the European Academy of deliberately pointing the upstream wind Wind Energy (EAWE). The 2016 conference turbines slightly away from the incoming organized by TUM was the largest to YKPFFKTGEVKQPKVUYCMGKUFGƅGEVGFCYC[ date, with the participation of more than from the affected machines, reducing 530 researchers representing 29 different or eliminating altogether the negative countries. The TUM team was praised by shadowing effects, in turn increasing the EAWE’s President Prof. Sandrine Aubrun overall power capture of the wind plant. on behalf of the whole Academy for a ‘per- In early 2016, a TUM-lead wind tunnel fectly organized conference’. The technical Prof. Bottasso receiving the 2016 GZRGTKOGPVFGOQPUVTCVGFHQTVJGƄTUV program included over 140 oral papers and Bayerischer Energiepreis from the $CXCTKCP5GETGVCT[QH5VCVG(TCP\ time the concept of close-loop wake-re- almost 170 posters, which have all been Josef Pschierer direction control. A cluster of three wind published in the open-access Journal of turbines was operated in a coordinated Physics: Conference Series. A special issue manner, leading to an improvement in with selected papers from the conference their overall power output of 15%. This will soon be published in EAWE's new successful experiment lead to the award ƅCIUJKRLQWTPCN9KPF'PGTI[5EKGPEG of the 2016 Bayerischer Energiepreis in the category ‘Research’.

Cooperation Partners ■ Politecnico di Milano ■ Technical University of Denmark (DTU) ■ Carl von Ossietzky University of Olden- burg

The Largest Ever Wind Energy Science Conference The international conference ‘The Science of Making Torque from Wind’ (TORQUE 6JG67/QTICPK\KPIVGCOQH61437'KPHTQPVQHVJG&GRCTVOGPVQH/GEJCPKECN 2016) was organized at the Garching TUM Engineering building

Selected Highlights 23 Opening of Cutting-Edge Compressor Laboratory

■ a New high-speed compressor lab was established for focused TGUGCTEJQPKPPQXCVKXGVGEJPQNQIKGUVJCVFTKXGKORTQXGFGHƄEKGPE[CPF environmental performance for gas turbines and jet engines. The use of VJGUGOCEJKPGUKUGZRGEVGFVQTKUGTCRKFN[CPFVJGEQORTGUUQTKUCUWD- stantial contributor to meet future demand globally.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Volker Gümmer

Contact

Turbomachinery and Flight Propulsion www.ltf.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Volker Gümmer [email protected] The compressor lab’s test cell and control room The 3 MW drive train and oil system of the test stand Phone +49.89.289.16164

At the Institute of Turbomachinery and In conjunction with the existing radial Flight Propulsion a new compressor compressor lab, the test bed turns the test laboratory has been developed and Institute of Turbomachinery and Flight commissioned. The opening ceremony Propulsion at TUM into one of the with more than 100 guests was celebrated world’s most cutting-edge compressor on November 23, 2016 on the Garching laboratories. The institute can now cover TUM campus. the entire range of applications in com- The motivation for strongly investing into pressor research, thereby playing a role such an experimental facility is to increase KPVQRKPVGTPCVKQPCNUEKGPVKƄEEQORTGUUQT HWTVJGTVJGGHƄEKGPE[QHICUVWTDKPGUCPF research. The close partnership with GE aircraft engines. A key element is the helps to combine expertise stemming compressor pressure ratio which needs from corporate research and product lines. VQDGTCKUGFUKIPKƄECPVN[DG[QPFVQFC[ U The axial compressor laboratory was built level, which implies large challenges in into existing test facility rooms available the aerodynamic, thermal and structural on the TUM campus. design. TUM, GE and the Free State of Bavaria The new lab is uniquely designed to had joined up to contribute a total of research the principles of turbomachinery TQWIJN[aOVQƄPCPEGVJKUNCTIG ƅWKFF[PCOKEUVQFGXGNQRPGYFGUKIP scale research project. The project was concepts and validate computational launched in 2013 and will run for at least methods for highly-loaded compressor UKZ[GCTU$CXCTKCoURCTVKCNƄPCPEKPIYKNN rear sections. The test bed can handle support important progress in gas turbine The team during delivery of the ƅGZKDN[FGUKIPXCTKCVKQPUCPFFKHHGTGPV technology. This unique test facility – with ƄTUVVGUVEQORTGUUQT applications within almost the same its high level of technology and its embed- build. Its large physical size allows highly ment in TUM academic environment – is resolved measurements. The new lab ideal for the top-level training of young concept also allows research into the engineering students and engineers. With interaction of gas compression compo- the available infra-structure, leading-edge nents to optimize the entire gas turbine research can now be carried out in the system at interdisciplinary level. on-coming decades.

24 Selected Highlights Mobility and Sustainability for Africa – the Project ‘aCar’

■6JGOWNVKHWPEVKQPQHHTQCFGNGEVTKEXGJKENG‘aCar’ was developed by the Institute of Automotive Technology and the Institute of Metal Forming and Casting with an eye to the mobility problems of rural populations in TGOQVGTGIKQPUQH5WDUCJCTC#HTKECYKVJYGCMKPHTCUVTWEVWTGU6JGFGƄPGF goal of the interdisciplinary team is to provide a mobility concept that JGNRUUVGOVJGƅQQFQHOKITCVKQPHTQOVJGEQWPVT[UKFGVQEKVKGUCPFVQ strengthen the autonomy of rural areas.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Markus Lienkamp

Contact

Automotive Technology www.ftm.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Markus Lienkamp [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.15345

The goal of the project ‘aCar’ is to provide electromobility to the rural population.

The car can be charged with solar power Forming and Casting, the Institutes of and to transport not only people but also Industrial Design, Strategy and Organ- goods. Another important factor taken into K\CVKQPCUYGNNCUUEKGPVKƄERCTVPGTUKP consideration by the researchers was var- Germany, Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya and Tan- iable production, meaning that the vehicle zania, also took part in this project at the production can be adapted to local condi- TUM. After collaborative development of tions. With additional modules, the ‘aCar’ VJGEQPEGRVCƄTUVRTQVQV[RGQHVJGGNGE- can be used in farming or as an energy tro-vehicle was presented in spring 2016. source for other equipment. The basic The interdisciplinary team plans a second structure of the vehicle can be offered at a prototype for spring 2017, in which the low price and, according to the application experienced gained from current trials of required, additional function modules can the various different components can be be purchased or rented. incorporated. In conclusion, it is intended Apart from the Institute of Automotive to present the project to the public at the Technology and the Institute of Metal IAA in September 2017.

Selected Highlights 25 TUM Academicus Award for Arno Buchner's Prevention Program for Students with Low Academic Performance ■67/KURTQWFQHKVUTGEQTFQHGZEGNNGPEGCPFYCPVUVQKORTQXGGXGP further. This is why Academicus – the TUM ideas competition – challenges CNNOGODGTUQH67/HTQOHTGUJOGPVQRTQHGUUQTUGORNQ[GGUCPFCNWOPK to submit their ideas.

Arno Buchner

Contact

Bachelor Examination Board

[email protected] Phone +49.89.289.15698

#TPQ$WEJPGT*GCFQHVJG1HƄEGVQ a lack in engineering skills but rather arise the Bachelor Examination Board at the HTQOFKHƄEWNVEKTEWOUVCPEGUHTQORGT- Department of Mechanical Engineering sonal problems to severe psychological submitted an idea on how to identify, conditions. contact and support those students who A number of supporting services ranging struggle during their studies at an early from ‘effective study planning and time stage, so that counter measures can be management’, ‘stumbling blocks like applied. NGCTPKPIFKHƄEWNVKGUonJGNRKPFGCNKPIYKVJ At the Department of Mechanical Engi- exam nerves’ to psychological counseling neering, about 75% of the students are offered by the TUM Student Advising pass the fundamental exams after the 1HƄEG$WVKVJCUUJQYPVJCVUVTWIINKPI ƄTUV[GCTQHUVWF[6JGUGUVWFGPVUJCXG students are using these opportunities in demonstrated that they are in principle many cases far too late or even not at all, capable of successfully studying Mechan- and only on a self-reliant basis. ical Engineering at TUM. Nevertheless The central idea of the prevention program about 10-15% of the remaining students is to create a time buffer of at least one fail to pass enough tests in the following semester, before the thread of study failure semesters to comply with the mandatory KUCNTGCF[VQQENQUGD[GCTN[KFGPVKƄECVKQP study progress monitoring. and addressing of struggling students. Unfortunately, the study progress monitor- In cooperation with the Student Advising ing concept makes potential failure clearly 1HƄEGVJKUVKOGDWHHGTUJQWNFVJGPDGWUGF visible to students only at a very late for intensive counselling and an earlier stage, often too late for effective coun- and more effective use of the supporting ter measures. This is regularly a major services already offered. personal problem for the students. Quite The prevention program will be imple- often, problems in study performance at mented at the Department of Mechanical this stage are not primarily connected to Engineering by summer 2017.

26 Selected Highlights Ranking Results

The Department of Mechanical Engineer- Rank 1 ing is one of the most successful faculties Top 50 Worldwide in Mechanical Engineering of its kind worldwide and has occupied top places in the main research rankings for the past several years. The basis of Rank 20 this success is due to both very good teaching conditions and an excellent research record based on a balanced mix of publicly- and industry-funded projects and demonstrated by quality publications. 36 33 23 30 19 27 Rank 50 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

THE World University Ranking 359QTNF7PKXGTUKV[4CPMKPI /GEJCPKECN'PIKPGGTKPI#ECFGOKE4GRWVCVKQP The Times Higher Education Ranking GORNQ[GTTGRWVCVKQPEKVCVKQPURGTRWDNKECVKQPCPFJKPFGZ evaluates universities in their specialist groups according to their teaching and QS World University Ranking research performance, based primarily on by Subject citations, teaching indicators and research The QS World University Ranking by volume. According to this ranking, TUM’s Subject evaluates universities according engineering occupies the top place among to academic reputation, employer reputa- German universities. tion, number of citations per publication and h-index. In the past years our Depart- Placement of Engineering Sciences ment of Mechanical Engineering has been Worldwide: placed among the top group in Europe. TUM Engineering Sciences: 27 (2015-16) Previous years: 28 (2014-15), 26 (2013- Placement of Mechanical Engineering 14), >50 (2012-13), 43 (2011-12), >50 Worldwide: (2010/11) TUM Mechanical Engineering: 27 (2016) Previous years: 19 (2015), 30 (2014), |      Taiwan Ranking The National Taiwan University Ranking is based exclusively on the number of publi- CHE cations, citations and h-indexes, primarily The CHE – Center for Higher Education from the past decade. It therefore reacts provides a study-oriented ranking for the very slowly to the process of change. ZEIT Study Guide. Similar to U-Multirank, 'XCNWCVKQPKUUWDLGEVURGEKƄEOGCPKPI several indicators are allocated to cate- parts of the Department of Mechanical gories ‘top performing group’, ‘medium Engineering are not assessed (e.g. pro- performing group’ and ‘low performing cess technology and materials science). group’. Most interesting is a survey The TUM Department of Mechanical amongst students, conducted every third Engineering demonstrates particularly year. The survey amongst Bachelor stu- strong performance with regard to highly dents 2016 places the TUM Department of cited publications (‘HiCi’ rank 16). Mechanical Engineering in the top group for 7 out of 13 indicators. Placement of Mechanical Engineering Worldwide: TUM Mechanical Engineering: 49 (2016) Previous years: 55 (2015), 68 (2014), 64 (2013), 78 (2012), 118 (2011)

Ranking Results 27 Research

At the TUM Department of Mechanical the department. During the last decade, Engineering, research addresses the whole third-party funds at the department almost XCNWGEJCKPHTQOUEKGPVKƄEHQWPFCVKQPUWR tripled. This compares to a 52% increase to application scenarios. The competitive- of all research funding at German univer- ness of research is hard to quantify. Typical sities from 9.2 bil. (Mrd) Euros to 14.0 bil. indicators are third-party funds and the (Mrd) Euros between 2005 and 2012 (most number of publications. recent data available). In recent years since 2012, direct project Third-party Funds funding from public bodies such as state Third-party funds indicate that public and federal ministries, the European bodies, such as the European Com- Commission and the German Research mission, ministries and the DFG, and Foundation increased, while industry private entities such as industry and funding leveled out after extraordinary foundations trust in the competence and growth in the years before. competitiveness of research performed at

€ 60m

€ 50m

€ 40m

€ 30m

€ 20m

€ 10m

Third-party funding Third-party € 0m 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

■ State Ministries ■ Donations ■ Test Authority ■ Revenue ■ Priv. (other) ■ Industry ■ Found. Prof. ■ Foundations ■ DFG ExIni ■ DFG SFB ■ DFG Others ■ EU ■ Fed. Gov. ■ State

Third-party funding of the Department of Mechanical Engineering. $NWGRWDNKEHWPFUTGFRTKXCVGHWPFUQTCPIGQVJGTHWPFUWUWCNN[PQVTGICTFGFCUVJKTFRCTV[HWPFU

Research

28 Publications Even more impressive is the increase in Publications accepted in international citations: while in 2006 publications at the journals through a peer review process department were cited 1800 times, within CTGCMG[RCTCOGVGTHQTUEKGPVKƄEQWVRWV one decade, this number increased by a They are referred to in most international factor of four. This indicates that research research rankings. at the department is of tremendous inter- In 2016, contributions listed in Scopus est to fellow scientists all over the world. were at an all-time high with more than 600 peer-reviewed articles and contribu- tions to conferences – almost twice as many as 10 years ago.

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

Publications (Scopus) 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

Citations (Scopus) 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Publications (top) and citations (bottom) of the Department of Mechanical Engineering. Data retrieved from Scopus based on active and retired professors in the year concerned.

Research 29 Projects and Clusters

Collaborative Research Projects

Institutes and specialist groups at the SFB TR10: Integration of Forming, Department of Mechanical Engineering are Separation and Joining for the Flexible participants in the following collaborative Manufacture of Lightweight Load- research projects: Bearing Structures

Spokesperson: Special Research Areas Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. Erman Tekkaya Technical University of Dortmund SFB 768: Managing Cycles in Innovation Department of Forming Technology and Processes – Integrated Development Lightweight Construction of Product-Service Systems based on Technical Products Active since 2003

Spokesperson: Participants at the Department: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Birgit Vogel-Heuser Prof. Baier, Prof. Zäh Technical University of Munich Department of Mechanical Engineering Automation and Information Systems SFB 863: Forces in Biomolecular Systems Active since 2008 Spokesperson: Participants at the Department: Prof. Dr. Matthias Rief Prof. Vogel-Heuser, Prof. Reinhart, Technical University of Munich Prof. Lindemann, Prof. Lohmann, Department of Physics Dr.-Ing. Mörtl, Dr. Omer, Institute of Biophysics Dr.-Ing. Pantförder Active since 2010

5($644|6GEJPQNQIKECN(QWPFC- Participant at the Department: tions for the Design of Thermally and Prof. Lieleg Mechanically Highly Loaded Com- ponents for Future Space Transport SFB 1032: Nanoagents for Spatiotem- Systems poral Control of Molecular and Cellular Reactions Spokesperson: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Nikolaus Adams Spokesperson: Technical University of Munich Prof. Dr. Joachim Rädler Department of Mechanical Engineering Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Institute of Aerodynamics and Fluid Department of Physics Mechanics Institute of Experimental Physics, Solid State Physics Active since 2008 Active since 2012 Participants at the Department: Prof. Adams, Prof. Haidn, Prof. Polifke, Participant at the Department: Prof. Sattelmayer, Prof. Wall, Prof. Lieleg Dr.-Ing. Yoshihara

30 Projects and Clusters DFG Focus Programs

SPP 1276: MetStröm: Scale-Independ- SPP 1676 Dry Metal Forming – Sustain- ent Modelling in Flow Mechanics and able Production through Dry Processing Meterology in Metal Forming

Coordinator: Coordinator: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Rupert Klein Prof. Dr.-Ing. Frank Vollertsen Free University of Berlin University of Bremen Mathematics and Informatics Department of Welding and Allied Local participant: Prof. Polifke Processes

5224GUQWTEG'HƄEKGPV5VTWEVWTCN SPP 1748: Reliable Simulation Tech- Elements niques in Solid Mechanics. Develop- ment of Non-standard Discretisation Coordinator: Methods, Mechanical and Mathematical Prof. Dr.-Ing. B.-R. Höhn Analysis Technical University of Munich Department of Mechanical Engineering Coordinator: Institute of Machine Elements Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jörg Schröder Local participants: Prof. Höhn, University of Duisburg-Essen Prof. Reinhart, Prof. Stahl Institute of Mechanics Local participants: Dr. Popp, Prof.Wall

SPP 1593: Design for Future – Managed Software Evolution SPP 2013: Property improvements of components by metal forming induced Coordinator: residual stresses. Prof. Dr. Ursula Goltz Technical University of Braunschweig Coordinator: Institute for Programming and Reactive Prof. Dr.-Ing Wolfram Volk Systems Technical University of Munich Local participant: Prof. Vogel-Heuser Department of Mechanical Engineering Metal Forming and Casting

SPP 1640: Joining by Plastic DFG Research Training Group Deformation GRK 1095: Aero-thermodynamic Design Coordinator: of a Scramjet – Propulsion Systems for Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Ing. Peter Future Space Transport Systems Groche Technical University of Darmstadt Spokesperson: Institute for Production Engineering and Prof. Dr.-Ing. Bernhard Weigand Forming Machines University of Stuttgart Local participants: Prof. Volk, Prof. Zäh Institute of Thermodynamics for Aerospace

Projects and Clusters 31 EU Projects (coordinated)

NANOSHOCK: Manufacturing Shock INSCAPE: In-situ Manufactured Carbon- Interactions for Innovative Nanoscale Thermoplast Curved Stiffened Panel Processes Horizon 2020, Societal Challenges; Coor- Advanced Grant; Coordinator: dinator: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Drechsler Prof. Dr.-Ing. Nikolaus Adams Carbon Composites Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics http://cordis.europa.eu/project/ www.aer.mw.tum.de rcn/199354_en.html

Aero-Sim: Development of a Selective .''6Q4$.KIJVYGKIJV'PGTI['HƄEKGPV Laser Melting Simulation Tool for Aero Tooling for the Manufacturing of Rotor Engine applications Blades

Clean Sky; Coordinator: Clean Sky; Coordinator: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael F. Zaeh Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Drechsler Machine Tools and Manufacturing Carbon Composites Technology http://cordis.europa.eu/project/ www.iwb.tum.de/aerosim rcn/111451_en.html

ATHENAI: Aerodynamic Testing of MORPHELLE: Morphing Enabling Helicopter Novel Air Intakes Technologies for Propulsion System Nacelles Clean Sky; Coordinator: Apl. Prof. Dr. Christian Breitsamter FP7, Collaborative Project; Coordinator: Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics Prof. Horst Baier www.athenai.tum.de Lightweight Structures Cordis.europa.eu/projects/rcn/ Furado: Full Fairing Rotor Head Aerody- 110779_en.html namic Design Optimization

Clean Sky 2; Coordinator: OnCord: Online Corrosion Monitoring Apl. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Christian Breitsamter for the Combined Combustion of Coal Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics and Chlorine-rich Biomasses in Pulver- ised Fuel and Circulating Fluidised Bed HealCON: Self-healing Materials for Systems Prolonged Lifetime EU Fund for Coal and Steel; Coordinator: FP7, Collaborative Project; Coordinator: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hartmut Spliethoff Prof. Dr. Christian Große Energy Systems Non-destructive Testing http://oncord.eu www.healcon.eu

32 Projects and Clusters Divisions of the Department of Mechanical Engineering

Aerospace

■ The entire chain of usage scenarios and mission planning in the aero Contact URCEGƄGNFKUOCRRGFCVVJG&GRCTVOGPVQH/GEJCPKECN'PIKPGGTKPIs everything from overall aircraft design down to material and structural Coordinator Prof. Dr.-Ing. RTKPEKRNGURTQRWNUKQPCPFCGTQF[PCOKEU Mirko Hornung, Aircraft Design #JCNNOCTMQHVJKUTGUGCTEJƄGNFKUKVU Kayser-Threde as well as Munich Aero- Phone +49.89.289.15981 integration in the excellent research space, a joint research and academic [email protected] www.lls.mw.tum.de environment in Munich featuring industrial platform involving TUM, Universität der partners such as Airbus Group, Airbus Bundeswehr (University of the German Members Helicopter, Airbus Defence & Space, MTU Army) and the DLR. Prof. Dr. Nikolaus Adams, Aero Engines, IABG, Liebherr Aerospace, Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics www.aer.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Mirko Hornung (interim), Institute of Lightweight Structures www.llb.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr. Carlo Bottasso, Wind Energy www.wind.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Drechsler, Carbon Composites www.lcc.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Volker Gümmer Turbomachinery and Flight Propulsion www.ltf.mw.tum.de

2KNQV UXKGYVJTQWIJVJGJGNOGVOQWPVGFFKURNC[ 67/*6 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Oskar Haidn, Space Propulsion Augmented Reality for Rotorcraft Pilots in Degraded Visual www.lfa.mw.tum.de

Environments Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Hajek, Fog, blizzards, gusts of wind – poor reality improves the performance of pilots. Helicopter Technology weather can often make the operation of In television program ‘Rundschau-Maga- www.ht.mw.tum.de rescue helicopters a highly risky business, zin’ of the BR a pilot of the federal police Prof. Dr.-Ing. and sometimes even impossible. A new examines the new technology. Florian Holzapfel, helmet-mounted display, developed by Flight System Dynamics researchers at the Institute for Helicopter www.br.de/mediathek/video/ www.fsd.mw.tum.de Technology, is designed to help future sendungen/nachrichten/hubschrauber- pilots detect hazards at an early stage, spezialbrillen-augmented-reality-100. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Jakob Kaltenbach, even when their visibility is severely html#tab=bcastInfo&jump=tab Flow Control and impaired: the information required to do Aeroacoustics this is created in an on-board computer www.ht.mw.tum.de www.aer.mw.tum.de and imported into digital eye glasses. A Prof. Dr.-Ing. new study has shown that this augmented Ulrich Walter, Astronautics www.lrt.mw.tum.de

Divisions of the Department of Mechanical Engineering 33 SAGITTA demonstrator UAV (Joint research programme funded by Airbus Defence & Space)

Joint Research Project SAGITTA – Advanced Technologies for Unmanned Systems

In a joint research project with Airbus The Institute for Lightweight Structures Defence & Space four institutes of TUM addressed the topic of shape variable are working on advanced technologies for structures and morphing gap covers for future unmanned systems. The institutes VJGƅCRUQHVJGCKTXGJKENG have contributed with their area of exper- Besides the individual research questions tise in dedicated technologies. addressed all researchers acted jointly The Institute for Aerodynamics (AER) has to integrate the different technologies worked on the analysis and manipulation into a scaled demonstrator aircraft with of partly developed leading edge vortices. approximately 150 kg take-off weight The Institute for Aircraft Design (LLS) con- and a wing span of 3m. Despite working tributed to the project with novel primary only on a scaled demonstrator, a lot and secondary control system concepts of hands-on experience was gained in as well as novel propulsion integration overall system integration and testing. concepts including thrust vectoring 6JGƄTUVƅKIJVQH5#)+66#KUUEJGFWNGFHQT devices mid-2017. The Institute for Flight System Dynamics (5& NQQMGFKPVQPQPNKPGCTCFCRVKXGƅKIJV www.aer.mw.tum.de control analysis and design (NAFCAD) as www.fsd.mw.tum.de YGNNCUCFCRVKXGƅKIJVEQPVTQNDCUGFQP www.llb.mw.tum.de QPNKPGU[UVGOKFGPVKƄECVKQP www.lls.mw.tum.de

34 Divisions of the Department of Mechanical Engineering Automotive

■ 6JGCWVQOQVKXGƄGNFKUQPGQHVJGOQUVKORQTVCPVQPGUCVVJG&GRCTV- Contact ment of Mechanical Engineering. Almost every institute is involved via a most diverse range of projects. Coordinator Prof. Dr.-Ing. Markus Lienkamp, In addition to vehicle and usage concepts, Automotive Technology particular emphasis is also placed on the Phone +49.89.289.15345 powertrain, driver assistance systems [email protected] www.ftm.mw.tum.de as well as the use of new materials and the production process. One focal area Members is how to ensure the viability of individual Prof. Dr. Klaus Bengler, VTCPURQTVVJTQWIJGHƄEKGPVXGJKENGUKPVJG Ergonomics www.lfe.mw.tum.de face of increasing resource shortages.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. The Munich metropolitan area probably Boris Lohmann, has the highest density of prestigious Automatic Control car manufacturers in the world, a very www.rt.mw.tum.de KORQTVCPVHCEVQTHQTVJKUƄGNF-G[UEK- Prof. Dr.-Ing. GPVKƄEEJCNNGPIGUNKGKPWPFGTUVCPFKPI The operator is connected to the vehicle via wireless Steffen Marburg, data transmission combustion processes and the properties Vibroacoustics of Vehicles of materials. and Machines www.vib.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Tele-operated Driving Gunther Reinhart, Industrial Management Some examples like Tesla or Google have operator is connected to the vehicle via and Assembly already proved, that autonomous driving wireless data transmission, such as WLAN Tech nologies www.iwb.tum.de is already possible, but only in very clear or cellular network (UMTS, LTE). In SAE situations. In the complex system of UVCPFCTFENCUUKƄECVKQPU[UVGOUVCPFCTFKV Prof. Dr.-Ing. WTDCPVTCHƄEKVYKNNRTQDCDN[VCMGFGECFGU would be between level 2 and 3 and could Karsten Stahl, before autonomous driving is possible on be used for all forms of vehicle provision, Machine Elements www.fzg.mw.tum.de public streets. Therefore the research at like car-rental or car-sharing projects. the Institute of Automotive Technology is Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfram focused on ‘tele-operated vehicles’. This www.ftm.mw.tum.de/en/main-research/ Volk, Metal Forming and means that an external operator drives the driver-assistance-and-safety/ Casting www.utg.mw.tum.de vehicle using a live-stream video. Here, the tele-operated-driving Prof. Dr.-Ing. Georg Wachtmeister, Project IMAGinE Internal Combustion Engines www.lvk.mw.tum.de In the project IMAGinE (Intelligent maneu- of information as well as the coordination ver automation – cooperative hazard and decision making between intelligent Prof. Dr.-Ing. avoidance in real time) the TUM works systems and drivers will be realized. The Michael F. Zaeh, together with partners from industry and proof of concept will be demonstrated by Machine Tools and other research institutes on cooperative six representative functions. Manufacturing Technology www.iwb.tum.de advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). The objective of the project is the http://imagine-online.de development of new ADAS which enable vehicles and infrastructure to cooperate Founded by the German Federal Ministry of with each other. Therefore, the exchange Economics and Energy

Divisions of the Department of Mechanical Engineering 35 Energy

■ Contact A sustainable energy supply is one of the essential requirements for

the future of our society. The goals of reducing CO2GOKUUKQPUCEJKGXKPI Coordinator EQUVGHHGEVKXGPGUUCPFUQEKGVCNCEEGRVCPEGOCMGHQTCƄGNFHTCWIJVYKVJ Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hartmut Spliethoff, controversy. Energy Systems Phone +49.89.289.16272 The Department of Mechanical Engineering [email protected] has been a hothouse of research in energy www.es.mw.tum.de technology and thermodynamics ever since Members the days of Carl von Linde and Wilhelm Prof. Dr. Carlo Bottasso, Nußelt. The department has a particularly Wind Energy excellent reputation in the areas of com- www.wind.mw.tum.de bustion technology and the development of Prof. Dr.-Ing. XGT[GHƄEKGPVRQYGTUVCVKQPU1WTTGUGCTEJ Volker Gümmer and teaching portfolio in renewable energy Turbomachinery and has been expanded considerably in recent Flight Propulsion www.ltf.mw.tum.de years e.g. through the new Institute of Wind Energy, although institutes covering Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harald Klein, biomass, geothermal and solar energy have Plant and Process existed for even longer. Technology www.apt.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr. Rafael Center for Power Generation Macian-Juan, Ph.D., Nuclear Technology www.ntech.mw.tum.de The Center for Power Generation is a is the conversion, transport and storage of research alliance within the Technical energy but it also investigates areas such Prof. Wolfgang Polifke, University of Munich with the goal of com- as load spreading and infrastructure. Ph.D., Thermo-Fluid Dynamics DKPKPIUMKNNUCPFMPQYNGFIGKPVJGƄGNFU www.tfd.mw.tum.de of chemistry, electrical and mechanical www.powergen.mse.tum.de engineering and physics. Its primary focus Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Sattelmayer, Thermodynamics www.td.mw.tum.de Energy Valley Bavaria – Flexible Power Stations

Prof. Dr. Rudolf Neu, Plasma Material The ‘Energy Valley Bavaria’ project con- of Energy Systems on the dynamic behav- Inter action sists of an interdisciplinary team investi- ior of steam generators. The results form www.pmw.mw.tum.de gating the effects of the energy revolution the basis of dynamic process simulations on generation systems and electricity which illustrate all the processes at work grids. Investigative research is carried out in power stations. at the Institute of Thermodynamics on KPETGCUKPIVJGƅGZKDKNKV[QHICUVWTDKPGU www.evb.mse.tum.de and analysis is carried out at the Institute

Holistic Design of Wind Turbines

The Institute of Wind Energy develops KPRWVRCTCOGVGTUVQDGQRVKOKUGFGIGHƄ- versatile design tools for wind generators. ciency, material and production costs for Designing a wind generator should result all components, assembly costs as well as in generation costs being minimised. operation and maintenance. Several other However, this presents a very complex general conditions must likewise be taken engineering challenge requiring many into account.

36 Divisions of the Department of Mechanical Engineering Materials

■ /CVGTKCNUOCMGVJGOCPWHCEVWTGQHEQPUVKVWGPVRCTVURQUUKDNGVTCPUOKV Contact HQTEGUFGVGTOKPGVJGGHƄEKGPE[NGXGNUQHOCEJKPGUCPFVJGEQORCVKDKNKV[ QHOGFKECNKORNCPVU#NNVJTGGOCLQTOCVGTKCNUECVGIQTKGURQN[OGTURNCU- Coordinator Prof. Dr. Ewald Werner, VKEUOGVCNUCPFEGTCOKEUCUYGNNCUVJQUGFGTKXGFHTQOVJGOGIECTDQP Materials Science and EQORQUKVGUCPFQVJGTEQORQUKVGOCVGTKCNURNC[CUKIPKƄECPVTQNGKP Mechanics of Materials Phone +49.89.289.15247 research and teaching at the Department. [email protected] www.wkm.mw.tum.de Key research areas include ultra-precise Engineering (part of the Bavarian govern- antennae which can be used in space ment) is another highlight which illustrates Members for satellite navigation, manufacturing how our wide ranging material analyses Prof. Dr.-Ing. Mirko medical components in sterile environ- enable deep insights into all solid mate- Hornung (interim), ments for use in the human body or the rials and provide a natural interface to Lightweight Structures www.lls.mw.tum.de automated manufacture of load-bearing various branches of industry interested vehicle or aircraft parts. The State Mate- in the application of advanced materials Prof. Dr. Klaus Drechsler, rials Testing Laboratory in Mechanical based on their properties. Carbon Composites www.lcc.mw.tum.de

Prof. Phaedon-Stelios Koutsourelakis, Continuum Mechanics www.contmech.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr. Tim Lüth (interim), Medical and Polymer Engineering www.medtech.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr. Rudolf Neu, Plasma Material Interaction www.pmw.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Veit Senner, Sport Equipment and Materials www.spgm.mw.tum.de

First-Wall Materials for Fusion Reactors

+POCIPGVKECNN[EQPƄPGFHWUKQPRNCUOC These challenges are counteracted with the hot plasma core is largely sepa- modern high-performance materials and TCVGFHTQOVJGƄTUVYCNN0GXGTVJGNGUU components. The research work, being high-energy particles can escape from carried out at the Max Planck Institute, VJGEQPƄPGFRNCUOCCPFEQNNKFGYKVJVJG serves to examine more deeply the surrounding wall. Additionally, electromag- complex interaction processes between netic radiation from the plasma reaches plasma and wall materials and then, the wall material depositing substantial based on this knowledge, to develop new power. In the case of burning fusion materials with improved characteristics plasma, the neutrons produced enter the which can be used for wall components wall material and alter its characteristics that are subjected to plasma and neutron through lattice distortion and transmuta- loads. tion. www.ipp.mpg.de/9044/pww

Divisions of the Department of Mechanical Engineering 37 TRANSITION ‘Tool-Part-Interaction Simulation Process Linked to Laminate Quality’

The project TRANSITION was proposed The model development and subroutine under the Cleansky 2 initiative funded by integration is aimed within the ABAQUS the EU’s Horizon 2020 programme. Within environment to also successively increase this project a subroutine for the descrip- the level of detail. In addition the develop- tion of the consolidation process of pre- ment of a standardized validation method preg materials featuring with engineering between physical experiments and vacuum channels will be developed. This simulative output, particularly with regard subroutine development for the prediction to void content, is a focus of current of the mechanical and physical properties research work. of integrated process laminates for aero- space part production (laminate quality www.cleansky.eu as to porosity and geometrical deviations) depending on the pressure distribution (WPFGFD[*QTK\QP is the most important project deliverable.

AntiMic

Germs are found in all areas of everyday KUVQKFGPVKH[VJGOCVTKZƄNNGTEQODKPCVKQP life and can lead to dangerous infections. with the highest germ reduction rate To reduce the risk of infection in sanitary and resistance against material ageing. facilities and hospitals, surfaces with 2TQEGUUKPIRCTCOGVGTU6K1ƄNNGTEQPVGPV antimicrobial properties can be used to UV spectrum and irradiation time are minimize microbial growth. optimized with regard to the antimicrobial The aim of this project is to obtain a activity of the surface and the long-term polymer with antimicrobial properties for resistance against material ageing. the preventive reduction of microorgan- isms in the health care sector. Therefore www.medtech.mw.tum.de/en/ nano-scale TiO2 is incorporated into forschung/projekte different matrix systems. The objective

Measurement, Redistribution and Relaxations of Residual Stress

The redistribution of residual stress may non-destructive residual stress analysis up result either from the removal of portions to several centimeters below the compo- of a workpiece during machining or from nent’s surface. stress relaxation in the material due to In this context, our research activities are diffusion processes. Residual stress focused on the evolution of the inter- redistribution plays a central role for most granular and interphase microstrains of experimental techniques applied for resid- different nickel-base superalloys (Inconel ual stress analysis: On the component 718 and Haynes 282) during loading and level residual stress redistribution may unloading with in-situ neutron diffraction lead to undesired distortions of the whole experiments which are complemented by EQORQPGPVFWTKPIOCEJKPKPIVQKVUƄPCN light- and electronmicroscopy (SEM/TEM), shape or during its operating life. 3D-atomprobe tomography, as well as Neutron diffraction offers the possibility of X-ray diffraction. CURCVKCNN[TGUQNXGFRJCUGURGEKƄECPF

38 Divisions of the Department of Mechanical Engineering Mechatronics

■ /GEJCVTQPKEUHQEWUGUQPVJGCPCN[UKUFGUKIPCPFEQPUVTWEVKQPQH Contact active systems enabled by the symbiotic interaction between mechanical EQORQPGPVUCEVWCVQTUUGPUQTUCPFEQORWVGTEQPVTQN6JG&GRCTVOGPV Coordinator Prof. Dr. Tim Lüth, QH/GEJCPKECN'PIKPGGTKPIQH67/JQUVUUGXGTCNGZRGTVUFGCNKPIYKVJC Micro Techno logy and diversity of applications. Medical Device Technology Sometimes denoted as intelligent struc- highly pioneering applications in several Phone +49.89.289.15190 [email protected] tures, mechatronical systems integrate UQEKGVCNN[KORQTVCPVƄGNFUCGTQURCEGCPF www.mimed.mw.tum.de actuators and sensors in structural com- cars, but also sport equipment, medical RQPGPVUKPQTFGTVQRGTHQTOURGEKƄEVCUMU devices and walking robots. Members under the steering of a controller. Exploit- Prof. Dr. Michael Gee, ing the latest advances in computational Mechanics and High Performance Computing methods, control algorithms and sensor/ www.mhpc.mw.tum.de actuator technology, the Department of Mechanical Engineering is internationally Prof. Dr. Phaedon-Stelios recognized for its contribution in devel- Koutsourelakis, oping innovative methodologies and Continu um Mechanics www.contmech.mw.tum.de components as well as for contributing to Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfram Volk (interim), Lola Humanoid Robot Product Development www.pe.mw.tum.de

+PVJGƄGNFQHJWOCPQKFTQDQVKEUVJGEJCKT Prof. Dr.-Ing. of Applied Mechanics has designed and Boris Lohmann, built Lola, a biped with 25 actuated joints. Automatic Control www.rt.mw.tum.de This sophisticated machine is used as research platform to investigate advanced Prof. Dr. Julien Provost, strategies for robust walking in unknown Safe Embedded Systems terrain. www.ses.mw.tum.de *WOCPQKFTQDQV.QNCRTGUGPVGFVQRWDNKECVVJG1RGP *QWUG Prof. Dr. Daniel Rixen, www.amm.mw.tum.de Applied Mechanics www.amm.mw.tum.de

A closed-loop Computational Heart-vascular System Model for Prof. Dr.-Ing. Veit Senner, Sport Equipment and 'ZRGTKOGPVDCUGF'UVKOCVKQPQH2CVKGPVURGEKƄE%CTFKCE/GEJCPKEU Materials www.spgm.tum.de #OQFGNHQTRCVKGPVURGEKƄEECTFKCE multilevel calibration algorithm converges mechanics simulation was developed, to a periodic state and demonstrated Prof. Dr.-Ing. Birgit Vogel-Heuser, KPEQTRQTCVKPICFKOGPUKQPCNƄPKVG conservation of blood volume within the Automation and element model of the ventricular part of closed-loop circulatory system model. Information Systems the heart, which is coupled to a reduced Such a patient-individual and state www.ais.mw.tum.de order vascular system, heart valve, and accurate model is an important predictive atrial chamber model. Two exemplary tool in intervention planning, assist device Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Wall, Computational Mechanics states of cardiovascular condition have engineering and other medical applica- www.lnm.mw.tum.de been considered, namely, after application tions. of beta blockers and after injection of vasoconstrictive phenylephrine. After a www.mhpc.mw.tum.de couple of simulated heart beats, the novel

Divisions of the Department of Mechanical Engineering 39 Medical Technology

■ Contact Medical technology is one of the highest revenue generating sectors in Germany and across the world. Coordinator Prof. Dr. Tim Lüth, Despite this there are only three large medical technology is characterised by Micro Techno logy and Medical Device university centres in Germany operating companies with fewer than 50 employ- Technology KPVJKUƄGNF496*#CEJGP(#7'TNCPIGP ees with the one important exception Phone +49.89.289.15190 and the Technical University of Munich. being manufacturers of medical imaging [email protected] www.mimed.mw.tum.de In direct contrast to sectors such as equipment. auto motive technology and aerospace, Members Prof. Dr. Oliver Lieleg, Biomechanics www.bme.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Wall, Computational Mechanics www.lnm.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr. Tim Lüth (interim), Medical and Polymer Engineering www.medtech.mw.tum.de

Injection Molding of silicon catheters

Safe and Dynamic Interconnection of Medical Devices

The interdisciplinary project OR.NET applications and elaborated a network with more than 30 partners (15 research architecture that allows medical devices to institutes and 17 industrial partners) was exchange data safely while guaranteeing co-led by MiMed and successfully com- bounded transmission delays. The system pleted in 2016. can dynamically establish highly time- Safe, dynamic and vendor-independent critical control and data streams between interconnection of medical devices in medical devices, which can be used to the operating room is the basis for novel transport for example navigation data, treatment methods that go beyond the neurological data or instrument activation standalone-functionality of the devices. By data. Based on this network architecture gathering data from medical devices such several use case scenarios such as actively as neuro monitors and using this informa- controlling surgical instruments based tion to control other medical devices it is on navigation or neurological data were for example possible to implement safety implemented. systems that prevent co-led accidental nerve damage. Funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and During the OR.NET research project, the Research chair MiMed focused on real-time critical

40 Divisions of the Department of Mechanical Engineering Process Engineering

■ Process engineering is a key technology for all production industries. Contact

Process engineering at the Department Research Center for Industrial Biotech- Coordinator Prof. Dr.-Ing. of Mechanical Engineering is focused on nology with a pilot plant on an m3-scale Dirk Weuster-Botz, thermal process engineering and plant operated in Garching. Biochemical Engineering engineering, bioprocess and biochemical Phone +49.89.289.15712 engineering, systems biotechnology and [email protected] www.biovt.mw.tum.de bioseparation engineering. The mission is to solve process engineering challenges of Members the future in an interdisciplinary environ- Prof. Dr. ment and with respect to industry sectors Sonja Berensmeier, such as chemistry, biotechnology, pharma Bioseparation www.biovt.mw.tum.de and environmental engineering. Process engineering at the Department of Mechan- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harald ical Engineering forms the engineering *KIJRTGUUWTGDKQTGCEVQTVJGRTQFWEVKQPQHHWGNUCPF Klein, Plant and Process chemicals from CO  RJQVQ6QDKCU*CUG Technology science core of the interdisciplinary TUM 2 www.apt.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Kopernikus – SynErgie: Synchronized and Energy Adaptive Andreas Kremling, Systems Biotechnology Production Technology for Flexible Alignment of Industrial Processes www.biovt.mw.tum.de Towards Fluctuating Energy Supply

The central approach of the BMFB funded energy costs as well as CO2 supply can Kopernikus-Project SynErgie is to adapt DGNQYGTGFUKIPKƄECPVN[YKVJKPVJGPGZV industrial production processes from sev- years. At the Institute of Plant and Process GTCNKPFWUVT[UGEVQTUVQƅWEVWCVKPIGPGTI[ 6GEJPQNQI[VJGƅGZKDNGQRGTCVKQPQHCKT supply from renewable sources. Thereby, separation plants (FlexASU) is investigated.

Gasfermentation: CO2 as Carbon Source for the Production of Fuels and Chemicals

The objective of this national collaborative Biochemical Engineering works on the research project are new bioprocesses reaction engineering analysis of CO2/H2 for the production of alcohols and low conversion with acetogenic bacteria and molecular-weight carbohydrates (mon- on the design and characterization of new omers) from CO2/H2 using metabolically bioreactor concepts for gasfermentations. engineered bacteria. The Institute of

SysBioTerp: An Integrated Systems Biology Platform for the Sustainable Production of Structurally Minimized Taxoid Bioactives

The project aims to construct an economically time-to-market scenario. The Systems CPFGEQNQIKECNN[GHƄEKGPVRNCVHQTOHQTVJG Biotechnology group works on theoretical scalable production of taxoid natural products methods for the optimization of the produc- from renewable resources. In an interdisci- tion process as well as on the optimization plinary group of altogether eight partners of the cellular system. The Bioseparation (four coming from TUM) theoretical as well Engineering group is focused on process as experimental strategies are combined for FGUKIPCUYGNNCUQPRWTKƄECVKQPUVTCVGIKGUHQT a rapid technology transfer and accelerated a continuous production process.

Divisions of the Department of Mechanical Engineering 41 Production and Logistics

■ Contact Production technology is – in addition to the automotive industry – )GTOCP[oUVQRGZRQTVCPFQPGQHVJGRKNNCTUQHVJG&GRCTVOGPVQH Coordinator Mechanical Engineering since its inception. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gunther Reinhart, Machine Tools and For a long time, special emphasis has been how to simulate and suppress oscillations Industrial Management placed on integrating enhancements into in production machinery, how to implement www.iwb.mw.tum.de the entire process chain, from the design models for optimization of the design and [email protected] phase to the customer, rather than consid- production process, or how new materials Members ering individual stages in isolation. Closely ECPDGRTQEGUUGFTGUQWTEGGHƄEKGPVN[# Prof. Dr. Klaus Bengler, related to this are fundamental research sample of production technology highlights Ergonomics and application, such as the question of follows: www.lfe.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Drechsler, Cell-Fi Carbon Composites www.lcc.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Willibald Günthner, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Johannes Fottner, Materials Handling, Material Flow, Logistics www.fml.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Birgit Vogel-Heuser, Automation and Information Systems www.ais.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfram Volk, Metal Forming and Casting Phone +49.89.289.13791 www.utg.de

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Zäh, Machine Tools and Industrial Management www.iwb.mw.tum.de +PUGTVKQPQHYQTMJQNFKPIƄZVWTGYKVJRQWEJEGNNKPVJGXCEWWOEJCODGTHQTVJGƄNNKPIRTQEGUU RJQVQ#PFTGCU*GFFGTIQVV67/

Lithium-ion batteries are the dominant KUVJGƄNNKPIQHGNGEVTQN[VGNKSWKFKPVQVJG energy storage technology in mobile DCVVGT[#HVGTƄNNKPIKVVCMGUWRVQUGXGTCN consumer electronics. Recently, lithium- hours until the porous media within the ion batteries have advanced into the battery (electrodes, separator) are fully market of electric cars and are seen as soaked with the electrolyte liquid. To one key technology for buffering the reduce manufacturing costs, the process ƅWEVWCVKPIRQYGTIGPGTCVKQPQHTGPGYCDNG time has to be shortened. energies in stationary applications. Yet, The research project ‘Cell-Fi’ therefore especially large-scale batteries show room aims to reduce the overall process time for improvement and to achieve broad HQTƄNNKPICPFYGVVKPID[JCNH/GVJQFKECNN[ acceptance among customers, the cost achieved and documented knowledge of batteries have to be reduced either by about the process phenomena is a prere- using new materials or lowering produc- quisite for achieving this goal. Moreover, tion costs. One critical manufacturing step the project aims to create simulation and a bottleneck in battery production OQFGNUQHVJGƄNNKPIRTQEGUU

42 Divisions of the Department of Mechanical Engineering High Power Ultrasonic Mixing Head for Low Pressure Injection Machines in Composite Processes

An ultrasonic mixing head for the online processing of thermoset resins has been developed. It was tested successfully in a resin transfer molding (RTM) process. The innovation targets two objects: Mixing of the components is realized by ultrasonic cavitation. In addition to an effective mixing, this contactless mixing principle enables self-cleaning of the mixing EJCODGTKPEQODKPCVKQPYKVJVJGDGPGƄVU of low mixing pressures. The components are tempered locally in the mixing head by ultrasonic cavitation. Low operating temperatures of the components in the OGVGTKPIOCEJKPGCNNQYGPGTI[GHƄEKGPV *KIJRQYGTWNVTCUQPKE operation. OKZKPIJGCF

Cloud Platform for a Digitalized Cutting Tool Logistics

Within the ToolCloud project a concept Using this process, machines can identify for the logistic of cutting tools in times of tools automatically and call the corre- Industry 4.0 was developed. On the basis sponding data from the cloud autono- QHCENQWFRNCVHQTOKPHQTOCVKQPƅQYUCTG mously. digitalized allowing the integrated autom- atization of processes such as machine This project is founded by the BMBF and coordinated setups or tool warehouse management. by the PTKA (02PJ2731)

.KHVKPI#KFs&GXGNQROGPVCPF8GTKƄECVKQPQH$QF[YQTP Lifting Equipment for Work Support

In the context of the three-year research lifting aid were translated into a technical project ‘Lifting Aid – Development URGEKƄECVKQP+PCFFKVKQPVQVJGTGSWKTG- CPF8GTKƄECVKQPQH$QF[YQTP.KHVKPI ments of a low input load, anthropometric Equipment for Work Support’, which adjustability of the exoskeleton to the YCUƄPKUJGFKPCRTQVQV[RGQHCP anthropometric requirements of different assistance system for workers in the users was required. Moreover, an intuitive logistics industry was developed. The interface for human-machine interaction Chair of Ergonomics at the Technical was developed. The assistance system University of Munich represented one for easier handling of loads was evaluated of the partners of an interdisciplinary in the last step of the project regarding team (J. Schmalz GmbH, SENSODRIVE the usability and the stress acting on the GmbH, Fraunhofer-Institut IPA). The human body. For this purpose, the method aims of the Chair of Ergonomics were of indirect calorimetry was used. the following: Based on a task analysis and a simulation of the lifting activities Funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education in the laboratory using a motion capture and Research system, the requirements for a body-worn

Divisions of the Department of Mechanical Engineering 43 Studying at the TUM Department of Mechanical Engineering

With about 5000 students enrolled in Master’s degree programs ‘Teaching at winter semester 2016/17, the Department Vocational Schools – Metal Engineering’ of Mechanical Engineering is one of the (run by the TUM School of Education) and largest departments of the Technical Uni- ‘Chemical Engineering’ (led by the Faculty versity of Munich (TUM) by the number of for Chemistry), Master’s programs ‘Power students. In terms of teaching, the depart- Engineering’ (run by the Department of ment offers study programs that combine Electrical and Information Technology) the classical, in-depth education for and ‘Robotics, Cognition, Intelligence’ mechanical engineers with new aspects (run by the Department for Computer such as cutting-edge technology, interdis- Science), the Bachelor’s program ‘Engi- ciplinary research and the development neering Sciences’ as well as the Master’s Dr. Ingrid Mayershofer of ‘soft skills’, thus preparing students for programs ‘Industrial Biotechnology’ and their future in research, development and/ ‘Human Factors Engineering’ (run by the or production. Munich School of Engineering). The Department of Mechanical Engineer- At the international level, the Department ing offers a Bachelor’s degree program of Mechanical Engineering participates in and ten Master’s degree programs (see the joint Bachelor’s program ‘Engineering table below). Sciences’ with Paris-Lodron University In addition, the Department of Mechanical Salzburg as well as the joint Master’s Engineering collaborates with other TUM program ‘Aerospace Engineering’ with the departments and offers Bachelor’s and Nanyang Technological University (NTU)

BACHELOR’S DEGREE PROGRAM MASTER’S DEGREE PROGRAMS Aerospace Dr.-Ing. Anna Reif Automotive and Combustion Engine Technology Energy and Process Engineering Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering and Management Mechanical Engineering Mechatronics and Information Technology Medical Technology and Engineering Nuclear Technology Product Development and Engineering Design Production and Logistics

&GITGGRTQITCOUQHHGTGFCPFQTICPK\GFD[67/&GRCTVOGPVQH/GEJCPKECN'PIKPGGTKPI 5QWTEGYYYOYVWOFGGPFGITGGRTQITCOOGUTGVTKGXGF

44 Studying at the TUM Department of Mechanical Engineering and the German Institute of Science and entrance examinations, knowledge in Technology (GIST) in Singapore. Fur- mathematics and physics, language skills, thermore, the Department of Mechanical and general motivation. Excellent appli- Engineering is a member of the ‘TIME’ cants are admitted directly to the Bach- double degree program (with the École elor’s degree program. Good applicants Centrale Paris, Escuela Técnica Superior can be admitted to the Bachelor’s degree de Ingenieros Industriales de Madrid, KTH program after demonstrating their skills Royal Institute of Technology and many and motivation in interviews. others). 2TQƄNG &WTKPIVJGƄTUVHQWTUGOGUVGTUQHVJG Bachelor’s Degree Program program, students acquire profound ‘Mechanical Engineering’ knowledge of mathematics, natural UEKGPEGUCPFUGXGTCNHWPFCOGPVCNƄGNFUQH The Bachelor’s degree program ‘Mechan- engineering. These challenging modules ical Engineering’ addresses students are compulsory and prepare the students interested in natural sciences and tech- HQTOQTGURGEKƄECPFCFXCPEGFUWDLGEVU nology. Within the three-year program (six In the 5th and 6th semesters, students semesters), students acquire fundamental EJQQUGƄXGQWVQHURGEKCNK\GF$CEJGNQT knowledge, basic methodological skills as modules as well as a supplementary well as soft skills required for a mechanical course and practical courses from a broad engineer. The program has a total of 180 variety of options. In addition, compulsory credits of the European Credit Transfer internships in industry of at least 18 weeks and Accumulation System (ECTS). in total and the Bachelor’s thesis prepare students for work as an engineer or for Admission one of the ten more specialized Master’s To maintain the high quality standards of degree programs. The curriculum of the TUM all applicants have to undergo an Bachelor’s degree program is illustrated in aptitude assessment procedure evaluating VJGƄIWTGDGNQY their overall performance in the university

Semester 7 6 2 3 3 4 3 2 1 Mathematics Technical CAD I Information Technical Physics Chemistry Soft I Mechanics I Techn. I Electricity I Skills I 6 6 4 5 3 4 2 2 Mathematics Technical CAD II Information Technical Design & Soft II Mechanics II Technology II Electricity II Production Skills II 4 7 6 5 6 2 3 Mathematics Technical Machine Materials Thermodynamics Physics III Mechanics III Elements I Science I Lab 5 5 9 5 4 2 4 COURSE FOUNDATION Automatic Fluid Machine Materials Heat Transfer Business Control Mechanics I Elements II Science II Phenomena Admin.

5 5 3 4 13 5 Bachelor Bachelor Supplem. Practical Internship Module I Module II Course Course I in Industry BACHELOR OF SCIENCE 5 5 5 4 11 6 Bachelor Bachelor Bachelor Practical Bachelor’s Module III Module IV Module V Course II Thesis

ECTS (total: 180) 30 per semester

Curriculum of the Bachelor’s degree program ‘Mechanical Engineering’ at the TUM Department of Mechanical Engineering.

Studying at the TUM Department of Mechanical Engineering 45 Master’s Degree Programs the second stage of the aptitude assess- ment procedure. The Department of Mechanical Engineer- ing offers ten Master’s degree programs 2TQƄNG which enable students to deepen their &WTKPIVJGƄTUVVJTGGUGOGUVGTUUVWFGPVU knowledge of selected topics acquired choose twelve out of more than 160 Master during the Bachelor’s degree program. modules, which are specialized courses Each of the two-year programs has a total consisting of at least three 45-minute units of 120 ECTS credits. per week. Additionally, students have to take two (out of about 130) practical Admission courses in which they work individually or All applicants have to undergo an aptitude in small groups on practical tasks such as assessment procedure consisting of two programming or carrying out experiments. UVCIGU+PVJGƄTUVUVCIGVJGCRRNKECPVUo Furthermore, students choose three grades, knowledge of advanced mathe- supplementary courses and soft skills matics, engineering mechanics, engineer- workshops from a broad range of options. ing materials and machine elements (for Opportunities to obtain insights into some programs also thermodynamics, research are offered to the students within ƅWKFOGEJCPKEUJGCVVTCPUHGTCWVQOCVKE the ‘semester project’ and the Master’s control and/or information technology), thesis, which are supervised by professors and motivation are evaluated. Applicants CPFUEKGPVKƄECUUKUVCPVU6JGEWTTKEWNWOQH YJQCTGPQVCFOKVVGFFKTGEVN[CHVGTVJGƄTUV the Master’s degree program is illustrated stage have to pass a written test, which is KPVJGƄIWTGDGNQY

Semester 5 5 5 4 11 1 Master Master Master Practical Semester Module I Module II Module III Course I Project 5 5 5 5 4 3 3 2 Master Master Master Master Practical Supplem. Supplem. Module IV Module V Module VI Module VII Course II Course I Course II 5 5 5 5 5 3 2 3 Master Master Master Master Master Supplem. Soft Module VIII Module IX Module X Module XI Module XII Course III Skills I 27 3 4 Master’s 5EKGPVKƄE

Thesis Writing MASTER OF SCIENCE

ECTS (total: 120) 30 per semester

Curriculum of the Master’s degree programs at the TUM Department of Mechanical Engineering.

46 Studying at the TUM Department of Mechanical Engineering Facts and Figures 5000

Since winter semester (WS) 2010/11, 4000 the total number of students has varied between 4300 and 4900. About 15% of the 3000 student body is female. As shown in the

ƄIWTGCDQXGVJGPWODGTQHVJG/CUVGToU 2000 degree students has increased steadily since the old ‘Diplom’ degree program was 1000 replaced by B.Sc. and M.Sc. programs in WS 2008/09. Number of full time students 0 WS 2010-11 WS 2011-12 WS 2012-13 WS 2013-14 WS 2014-15 WS 2015-16 WS 2016-17 6JGƄIWTGUKNNWUVTCVGVJGHQNNQYKPI6JG ■ Diplom female ■ Diplom male ■ Master female ■ Master male ■ Bachelor female ■ Bachelor male PWODGTQHƄTUVUGOGUVGTUVWFGPVUUVCTVKPI the B.Sc. program and M.Sc. programs Figure: Number of full-time students enrolled in degree programs offered by the TUM at the Department of Mechanical Engi- Department of Mechanical Engineering (at the beginning of each winter semester). Source: JVVRRQTVCNO[VWOFGKWMDYUVWFGPVGPVWOAUVFAJVONTGVTKGXGF neering during the last seven years; how the number of B.Sc. freshmen has varied between 600 and 900, the exception being 1800 2011 when two age groups of Bavarian 1600 high school pupils started studying simulta- 1400 neously; and the number of graduations. 1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0WODGTQHƄTUVUGOGUVGTUVWFGPVU 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Year of commencing studies

■ Master female ■ Master male ■ Bachelor female ■ Bachelor male

Figure: Number of students starting their studies in the degree programs offered by the TUM Department of Mechanical Engineering. (The number for e.g. 2014 is the sum of students UVCTVKPIKPVJGUWOOGTUGOGUVGTCPFYKPVGTUGOGUVGT 5QWTEGJVVRRQTVCN O[VWOFGKWMDYUVWFGPVGPVWOAUVFAJVONTGVTKGXGF

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

Number of graduations 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 (preliminary) Year of graduation

■ Diplom ■ Master ■ Bachelor

Figure: Number of graduations at the TUM Department of Mechanical Engineering. (The number HQTGIKUVJGUWOQHUVWFGPVUITCFWCVKPIKPVJGYKPVGTUGOGUVGTCPFUWOOGT UGOGUVGT 5QWTEGJVVRRQTVCNO[VWOFGKWMDYUVWFGPVGPVWOAUVFAJVONTGVTKGXGF 

Studying at the TUM Department of Mechanical Engineering 47 International Students and Students’ Exchange

Dr. Ingrid Mayershofer As one of the leading departments in Students from more than 70 nations study mechanical engineering worldwide, TUM at the department – the biggest groups Department of Mechanical Engineering being Austrians, followed by Chinese and is dedicated to attracting international Spanish students. For all groups alike students, both as full-time students and the numbers have shown a positive trend through exchange programs, as well as during recent years.2 to enable TUM students to spend parts of their studies at partner institutions 200 worldwide. 150 Full-Time Students Almost 24% (TUM: 22%) of the depart- 100 Saskia Ammon ment’s student body are international

UVWFGPVU&WTKPIVJGRCUVƄXG[GCTUVJG 50 number of international students enrolled in the B.Sc. and M.Sc. programs almost Number of students 0 1 doubled. 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-152015-16 2016-17 ❙ Austria ❙ China ❙ Spain ❙ Italy ❙ Turkey ❙ India ❙ Tunisia ❙ France

Development of the prime nationalities of international full-time students

1200 Students’ Exchange 1000 TUM students are offered several 614 800 possibilities for spending some part of their studies abroad – varying in region, 600 443 394 411 duration and educational goal. Within the 400 270 framework of the European ERASMUS+ 522 program and TUM’s worldwide TUMex- 200 376 358 396 312 change-program, students have the

Number of students 0 possibility to study one or two semesters 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 at one of TUM’s more than 450 partner ■ ■ Master of Science Bachelor of Science universities. Moreover TUM has signed Development of the number of international full-time students enroled at the Department of about 40 double degree agreements Mechanical Engineering worldwide, targeting students with

48 International Students and Students’ Exchange excellent academic performance who are 350 interested in doing an additional degree. 300

Tuition fees are waived for double degree 250 students as well as for students going 200 abroad for an exchange. Help regarding 150 administrative issues and housing is 100 usually provided by TUM and/or the part- 50 ner institution. ERASMUS+ and double

Number of students 0 degree students at EU-partner universities 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 automatically get the ERASMUS+ grant ■ ERASMUS ■ TUMexchange ■ Time DD whereas TUMexchange and double degree students studying overseas may &GXGNQROGPVQHVJGPWODGTQHKPVGTPCVKQPCNGZEJCPIGCPFFQWDNGFGITGGUVWFGPVU apply for scholarships. Apart from offering the exchange options mentioned, self-organized internships 350 within Europe and research projects over- 300

UGCUECPDGƄPCPEKCNN[UWRRQTVGFD[67/ 250

Information about suitable scholarships is 200 provided by TUM and the department. 150 ERASMUS+ student mobility as well as 100 the double degree program are by and 50 large organized on departmental level

Number of students 0 whereas TUM’s International Center is in 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 charge of the TUMexchange program. ■ ERASMUS SMS ■ ERASMUS SMP ■ TUMexchange ■ Time DD

Incoming Exchange Students Development of the number of mechanical engineering students going abroad In addition to recruiting an increasing number of international full-time students, pean countries. Most of the department’s  5QWEG4GIKUVTCToU1HƄEG (TUM), 12/2016 the department successfully attracts partner institutions are in France (13), 2) See footnote 1. an increasing number of international Spain (13), Italy (8), the UK (6) and Sweden 3) Sources: International Center (TUM): Online database exchange students – both from within (6). The numbers of students going abroad ‘Moveon’; Students‘ Services Europe and worldwide. In winter 2016-17, has been continually increasing since Department of Mechanical Engineering (TUM) exchange students from more than 30 2013 accounting for about 16% (2015/16) 4) See footnote 3. nations are studying at the Department of of all TUM outgoing students.5 5) See footnote 3. Mechanical Engineering.3 In 2016-17 almost 18% of the incoming Over and above the centrally organized exchange students of TUM have been TUMexchange program, the department enroled at the Department of Mechanical enables selected students to study Engineering and another 63 students have overseas at one of more 120 partner been registered as full-time M.Sc. stu- universities. Moreover a joint degree B.Sc. dents within the framework of the TIME program ‘Engineering Science’ and a joint double degree programs.4 M.Sc. program ‘Material Science’ with Paris Lodron Universität Salzburg have Outgoing Exchange Students been signed and 15 TIME double degree The Department of Mechanical Engi- agreements in seven countries have been neering is not only aiming at increasing concluded with renowned associate its international student body, but also universities such as EPFL Lausanne, KTH pursues the goal to raise the mobility of its Stockholm and USP Sao Paulo. own students. With the objective of being able to offer every student the opportunity to spend at least one semester abroad, the department has signed 75 ERASMUS+ agreements with 94 schools in 21 Euro-

International Students and Students’ Exchange 49 Public Funds to Improve Conditions of Study at the Department of Mechanical Engineering

As of October 1, 2013, TUM receives Improving conditions of study at the public funds to compensate for revenue departmental level concerns, in particular, pre-viously generated through student such matters as expanding the spectrum tuition fees. These funds – as with the of available courses and enhancing the previous student tuition fees – are to be quality and organization of teaching (e.g. CNNQECVGFURGEKƄECNN[VQKORTQXGVJGUVWF[ extra curricular courses and measures, and teaching conditions at institutions of internationalization, infrastructure). higher education. A planning commission – with equal

Institute Costs winter term 15/16 in € thereof staff expenditure in € thereof material expenses in € Continuum Mechanics 1,217.77 1,217.77 – Mechanics and High Performance Computing 33,745.97 33,745.97 – Space Propulsion – – – Safe Embedded Systems – – – Thermo-Fluid Dynamics 24,549.01 24,093.74 455.27 Central Services 276,052.34 242,445.61 33,606.73 ■ Central Services/internal positions – 134,423.92 – ■ Central Services/external positions – 65,628.72 – ■ Central Services/tutors – 42,393.97 ■ Central Services/excursions – – 21,618.85 ■ Central Services/Molitum ––– Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics 31,688.99 31,688.99 – Vibroacoustics of Vehicles and Machines – – – Applied Mechanics 76,421.42 76,071.42 350.00 Plant and Process Technology – – – Automation and Information Systems 77,725.57 77,725.57 – Industrial Management and Assembly Technologies 3,282.39 3,282.39 – Carbon Composites – – – Energy Systems 19,960.03 18,318.94 1,641.09 Ergonomics 3,653.51 3,653.51 – Automotive Technology 11,405.94 10,693.97 711.97 Flight System Dynamics 64,900.19 60,739.79 4,160.40 Materials Handling; Material Flow; Logistics 35,867.26 35,867.26 – Helicopter Technology 21,523.25 18,332.19 3,191.06 Lightweight Structures 13,943.69 7,603.24 6,340.45 Aircraft Design 5,503.93 3,158.62 2,345.31 Machine Elements 27,033.58 27,033.58 – Medical and Polymer Engineering 32,313.71 28,351.87 3,961.84 Micro Technology and Medical Device Technology 14,991.74 12,474.74 2,517.00 Computational Mechanics 77,919.88 77,919.88 – Product Development 32,998.38 8,716.58 24,281.80 Astronautics 27,105.34 6,686.87 20,418.47 Automatic Control 3,392.21 3,392.21 – Thermodynamics 31,483.03 31,337.76 145.27 Flight Propulsion 14,889.03 11,754.70 3,134.33 Metal Forming and Casting 6,573.54 – 6,573.54 Material Science and Mechanics of Materials 30,522.90 30,522.90 – Machine Tools and Manufacturing Technology 8,336.62 6,133.46 2,203.16 Wind Energy ––– Total 1,009,001.22

50 student participation – develops proposals for the funding of improvement measures CVVJGFGRCTVOGPVCNNGXGN6JGƄPCNFGEK- sion regarding the allocation of funds lies with the TUM Board of Management. The following lists show the funds spent by the institutes in winter term 2015/2016 and summer term 2016:

Institute Costs summer term 16 in € thereof staff expenditure in € thereof material expenses in € Continuum Mechanics – – – Mechanics and High Performance Computing -24.12 -24.12 – Space Propulsion – – – Safe Embedded Systems 905.44 905.44 – Thermo-Fluid Dynamics 30,963.56 30,763.07 200.49 Central Services 287,356.07 225,178.23 62,177.84 ■ Central Services/internal positions – 120,716.55 – ■ Central Services/external positions – 70,239.24 – ■ Central Services/tutors – 34,222.44 – ■ Central Services/excursions – – 21,556.81 ■ Central Services/Molitum – – 23,800.00 Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics 103,143.76 103,143.76 – Vibroacoustics of Vehicles and Machines 10,624.41 5,479.64 5,144.77 Applied Mechanics 73,124.00 73,124.00 – Plant and Process Technology – – – Automation and Information Systems 84,891.39 84,891.39 – Industrial Management and Assembly Technologies 6,335.51 3,485.80 2,849.71 Carbon Composites 6,978.00 6,978.00 – Energy Systems 12,347.37 9,724.31 2,623.06 Ergonomics 11,249.38 345.62 10,903.76 Automotive Technology 12,697.02 10,743.14 1,953.88 Flight System Dynamics 16,802.17 13,894.84 2,907.33 Materials Handling, Material Flow, Logistics 48,252.08 48,252.08 – Helicopter Technology 12,242.21 12,220.56 21.65 Lightweight Structures – – – Aircraft Design 13,956.88 7,705.44 6,251.44 Machine Elements 26,300.31 26,300.31 – Medical and Polymer Engineering 4,093.50 4,093.50 – Micro Technology and Medical Device Technology 17,868.75 13,178.25 4,690.50 Computational Mechanics 17,122.11 17,122.11 – Product Development 40,412.31 14,680.46 25,731.85 Astronautics 52,710.32 33,067.52 19,642.80 Automatic Control 6,700.07 3,701.01 2,999.06 Thermodynamics 23,767.19 23,119.96 647.23 Flight Propulsion 13,093.98 10,126.34 2,967.64 Metal Forming and Casting 5,705.38 – 5,705.38 Material Science and Mechanics of Materials 5,475.50 5,475.50 – Machine Tools and Manufacturing Technology 8,043.84 5,589.23 2,454.61 Wind Energy ––– Total 953,138.39

51 Diversity

The Department of Mechanical Engineer- Since 2011, the share of female students ing is dedicated to increase its diversity, increased by 20% from 12% to 15%. especially with respect to geographical At the same time, the share of female background and gender. This process has researchers with a time-limited contract been formalized in a target agreement with (i.e. Ph.D. candidates) increased by almost VJGWPKXGTUKV[DQCTFKPFGƄPKPI 50% from 11% to 17% and the share of as a point of reference. female researchers in a leading position (i.e. with a permanent contract or at higher pay grades) by almost 150% from a mere

+ 6% in 2011 to 16% in 2016. Especially + 50% 20% 150%+ VJGITGCVKPETGCUGKPUGPKQTUEKGPVKƄEUVCHH 17% 15% 16% gives rise to the hope that it will also be 12% 11% possible to gain more female professors in 6% the future. 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016

Students 5EKGPVKƄE'ORNQ[GU Senior Scientists Since 2011, the Department has not only Percentage of female persons become more female but also much more international. Now 26% of all students are international, more than twice the num- DGTKPCPFCNOQUVQPGQWVQHƄXG professors are international – even more 120%+ JCXGICKPGFUKIPKƄECPVGZRGTVKUGCDTQCF during their career. 26% 200%+

18% 12% 6% 20112016 2011 2016

Students Professors

Percentage of international students and professors

52 Gender Central Teaching Unit

The Central Teaching Unit is divided into Bachelor and Master students can visit the Center of Key Competencies and the individually developed programs. For Graduate Center Mechanical Engineering. Bachelor students we offer the TUTOR The Center of Key Competencies is program using a two-step approach: responsible for the central training aspects Senior students, who want to become of all Bachelor and Master students and VWVQTUCTGVTCKPGFƄTUVD[VJG%GPVGTQH the Graduate Center provides training Key Competencies to further develop their sessions and administrative support for own soft skills and to carry out soft skill doctoral candidates of the Department of training themselves. Over several days Mechanical Engineering. tutors learn how to organize workshops and support team structures as well as KPFKXKFWCNU&WTKPIVJGKTƄTUV[GCTUOCNN Dr. Birgit Spielmann Center of Key Competencies groups of Bachelor students are coached The Center of Key Competencies offers by a tutor who runs workshops and Contact students at the Department of Mechanical supervises their team project. Workshops Center of Engineering the opportunity to expand about communication, teamwork, pres- Key Competencies their soft skills. These skills are gaining entation skills and motivation form a solid Phone +49.89.289.15614 importance in recruitment and working basis for their studies and the project [email protected] www.zsk.mw.tum.de RTQEGUUGUUWEJCUVGCOYQTMEQPƅKEV (e.g. building a product) work during the management and presentation skills. Stu- second semester. The teams have the Graduate Center FGPVUIGVRGTUQPCNDGPGƄVUD[FGXGNQRKPI opportunity to increase their practical and Mechanical Engineering Phone +49.89.289.15616 their soft skills. In addition, over 91% of technical knowledge. Moreover they show [email protected] managers and human resource executives and further enhance their social skills. www.fgz.mw.tum.de think that employees with strong soft skills achieve better economic results (Hay In 2015/2016 the Center of Key Compe- Group, 2015). Our goal is to train young tencies trained 55 tutors, who executed engineers and to increase their awareness 500 workshops for 647 students in the of the professional and personal skills winter semester and 624 in the summer required to complement their technical period. In addition to the workshops the knowledge. Experience-based learning tutors organized a competition project and activity-oriented teaching form the in cooperation with the Chair of Product cornerstones of our educational practice. Development and a lecture series in which We use a broad variety of teaching meth- companies came to the Department of ods including practical tasks, role plays, Mechanical Engineering introducing the peer counseling and e-learning. work of an engineer to the students.

Central Teaching Unit 53 Tutors who want to continue the program on their learning experiences, give each after one year have the opportunity to join other feedback and test their knowledge the TUTOR LEAD program. Former tutors of relevant topics. can participate in the tutoring program again, taking over additional leadership In 2016 we started a survey asking Master tasks in one of several departments students and alumni several questions including recruitment, competition or pub- about our workshops. Over 68.7% think lic relations. This new program gives them that it makes sense to offer soft skill the opportunity to further enhance their courses at the university. Students name key Competencies focusing on leadership recruitment training, presentation skills, skills such as leadership techniques and rhetorics and business etiquette as the FGNGICVKQPVGCOEQCEJKPICPFTGƅGEVKPI most important topics. We are happy to on their own leadership skills and experi- say that we have covered most of these ences. preferences in 2016. We thank all students and alumni for their participation and constructive feedback.

The Graduate Center Mechanical Engineering

Since it was founded in 2009 the Graduate Center Mechanical Engineering has been helping doctoral candidates in several ways during their graduation process. +VRTQXKFGUVTCKPKPIEQWTUGUURGEKƄECNN[ based on the needs of engineers and promotes networking of the doctoral candidates within the department and beyond. It also helps the institutes to OCKPVCKPJKIJGUVUEKGPVKƄEUVCPFCTFU The Center of Key Competencies also This highly innovative program has been offers the Master Soft Skills program for awarded the Best Practice Award of all Master students of the Department of acatech, the National Academy of Science Mechanical Engineering. The students and Engineering. develop a more profound understanding and learn to distinguish between the In addition the Graduate Center Mechan- important areas of competence: method- ical Engineering supports any kind of ical, social and personal competence. networking and integration, e.g. network- Afterwards students choose one work- ing events like our summer get-together shop out of each area and visit a basic and workshops. The networking events lecture. In 2016 the Center of Key Com- take place within or across departments petencies conducted over 200 training and may be international as well. sessions for more than 3000 participants. Several professional and interdisciplinary Digital and blended learning are becoming courses are offered to doctoral candidates increasingly important. The Center of Key who may choose the topic based on their Competencies introduced and improved individual needs. In cooperation with new blended learning workshops in the doctoral candidates and other depart- area of Master soft skills and the seminar ments, it also provides subject-related Academic Writing. Students have the courses, e.g. LabView Core or LS-Dyna, opportunity to work regardless of time and are also provided. In 2016 the Graduate URCEG$[WUKPI/QQFNGUVWFGPVUTGƅGEV Center Mechanical Engineering organized

54 Central Teaching Unit 42 courses, lectures and workshops with over 480 participants. The courses cover various different subjects, including professional competence as well as transferable skills and career orientation. Besides the mandatory course ‘Good Sci- GPVKƄE2TCEVKEGoVJGDGUVTCVGFEQWTUGUCTG ‘Lateral Leadership in Complex Projects’, ‘Patents and Innovations’ and ‘LabView Core’. The reasons for the good evalua- tion results are the practical orientation and focus on the needs of the doctoral candidates.

International exchange is also an impor- tant issue for doctoral candidates. That KUYJ[YGCNUQQHHGTƄPCPEKCNUWRRQTVHQT Since December 2016 you can visit our research projects abroad and international PGYYGDUKVGYJGTG[QWECPƄPFCIGPGTCN conferences. Furthermore the center pro- overview of the doctoral program as well vides the initiative fund, which supports as our portfolio explanatory notes, forms research projects in Germany and abroad CPFNKPMU;QWYKNNCNUQƄPFKPHQTOCVKQP as well as any other kind of creative and about the advantages of membership of innovative project that the candidates the Graduate Center Mechanical Engi- would like to participate in or organize, neering, e.g. Internationalization Vouchers, e.g. congresses organized by doctoral the Initiative Fund or the proofreading candidates. On our new website www. service. HI\OYVWOFG[QWECPƄPFCPKPUKIJV into experiences that other doctoral In summary the Central Teaching Unit is candidates have made abroad using the responsible for the concept development initiative fund. and running of courses as well as the organization of examinations and quality The Graduate Center Mechanical control of teaching measures for Bachelor, Engineering has two representatives Master and doctoral candidates. The of doctoral candidates: Richard Kern Graduate Center Mechanical Engineering (Institute of Automatic Control) and Patrick is also responsible for administrative Gontar (Institute of Ergonomics). In 2016 processes concerning doctoral candidates they organized several meetings during and membership of the TUM Graduate which the doctoral candidates had the School. opportunity to exchange their experiences and concerns.

Central Teaching Unit 55 Student Council

The task of the Student Council for Event Department Mechanical Engineering is to represent all The summer semester started with the students at the department. It is one of Student Council’s seminar, a weekend the largest student councils in Germany dedicated to workshops about various with more than 150 active members. topics concerning student life and the During the yearly elections held in line course of studies. Throughout the year with the Bavarian Higher Education Act, regular blood donation events took place, the department’s students elect the an opportunity for members of Garching student representatives, supported by campus to do a good deed. The students numerous co-workers, depending on the had the opportunity to be on their best current number of students enroled at the behavior at the summer ball. The warm department. days of June were the perfect time for Due to the vast number of members tournaments of various sports, such as the council is organized in individual beach volleyball, basketball and football. departments. The activities of the various Again the Student Council supported departments in 2016 were as follows: the TUM:Junge Akademie in carrying out the TUM Campus Run with about |RCTVKEKRCPVU6JGFGRCTVOGPVYCUCNUQ supported by the Student Council at the ‘Tag der Fakultät’, graduation day, where graduates were able to enjoy freshly mixed drinks at the council’s cocktail bar. The bar at the Open house event on the Garching campus was also well received by the patrons. After that it was time for the biggest event of the year, the nGURosVJGƄTUVUGOGUVGTUoRCTV[sYKVJ 5000 guests. After this party it was time for some more solemn days which were highlighted by the festive Christmas tree in the foyer of the department.

Magazine of the Student Council As in former years, the Student Council published six issues of its magazine, the ‘Reisswolf’. The topics for each issue TCPIGFHTQOPGYUCDQWVVJGƄGTEGN[EQP- tested student ticket to reports of volun- tary work and car reviews. The traditional ‘Lehrstuhlserie’ continued to introduce the different chairs of the department. Less serious topics are published on the ‘Klopapier’, the humorous posters which provide entertainment in the restrooms of the building.

Print Shop As in previous years, the Student Coun- cil's print shop printed all kinds of lecture notes, collections of old exams and the free magazine of the Student Council,

56 Student Council called ‘Reisswolf’, in high print runs. Department for Higher You can purchase the lecture notes and Education Policy collections of old exams in our store, opened weekly. Together with the TUM Department of It was possible to offer this large amount Mechanical Engineering, the Student of documents for lectures, seminars and Council worked on a few major projects lab courses, thanks to great support from to improve teaching and the learning numerous institutes. This year the number environment. In the ‘Studienzuschuss- of publications on offer increased, as it kommission’ (committee for Pell grants), was possible to gain new lectures in coop- more than 300 applications were granted eration with existing and new institutes. to advance the quality of teaching, for Furthermore, the design of the covers example two new practical courses in was changed. Now the lecture notes have industrial acoustics or a lecture on UAV covers in fresh and appealing colors. design. Also we worked on the reformation of a HGYKORQTVCPVUVCVWGUCPFCTGUCVKUƄGF International Department with the results. On the student side, we In 2016 the International Department managed to broaden our national and tackled the task of modernizing and international relationships by attending the adjusting their program according to ‘Fachschaftentagung Maschinenbau’, the student feedback from past terms. For ‘KOMET’ and the ‘European Mechanical VJGƄTUVVKOGVJGDWFF[RTQITCOYCU Engineering Student Council Congress’. not organized with people meeting up at We were able to gain an enormous turnout the Welcome Event, but they could sign for the ballot concerning the student WRQPNKPG5QUVWFGPVUYGTGURGEKƄECNN[ ticket. Further important issues were, and brought together according to their will be during the next year, the contract favorite language, country or university. with ‘VG Wort’, which manages the Since the Welcome Event is the second royalties concerning secondary publica- most important pillar in our program and tion rights, and the alternative to our skill the meet and greet part is very much assessment procedure. welcomed by all students, we decided to add another event at the beginning of the winter semester, which is called Freshman Department Speedfriending. For that event we provide The job of the Freshman Department is to a place for students to meet and get to care for all the freshmen who begin their know each other in short conversations. studies at the department. For the second This makes it easier for the exchange stu- time the POWER – the orientation week dents to build up their social network right – was organized which included a scav- at the start of the semester. In addition enger hunt through Munich, a traditional we still maintain our pub evening program Bavarian breakfast with beer and veal during the term. sausages and a sport event. All the impor- This year we were also able to give our tant information regarding the course of exchange students the opportunity to take studies and university life were given to part in the ‘esp’ as helpers of the Interna- the students in a two-day information tional Shot Island. It was very intriguing event at the start of the winter term. how people from different countries applied their very own mercantile methods on that evening. Last but not least, we held the Erasmus Christmas Party a week before the Christmas break, where we set up a buffet and asked everyone to bring something to share with the others.

Student Council 57 Branch Library Mechanical Engineering

neering extended. The University Library Contact Information Hub The University Library is the information now employs an average of ten students Branch Library hub for all departments and schools of the to support the librarians at the circulation Mechanical Engineering Phone: +49.89.189.659220 Technical University of Munich. 1.97 mil- desk of the Branch Library. We offer [email protected] lion printed and electronic media titles and UVWFGPVUVJGQRRQTVWPKV[VQYQTMƅGZKDNG various consultation services, workshops hours as part of a friendly, professional Mon – Thu 9:00 – 21:00 Fri 9:00 – 19:00 and tutorials help students, researchers, team. lecturers and staff in their daily work. To enrich support, improvements in the Branch Library were made und new Conveying Knowledge and courses and services established. Information Competence Researchers, students and other interested library users receive regular Modern Learning Environment training and advice on citation, publication To create a pleasant study environment, processes, research strategies, bibliomet- the University Library has initiated a bright rics and much more. Among other things, and welcoming lounge area at the Branch the University Library has established Library Mechanical Engineering. Comfort- two embedded library courses – one able seating and a modern lighting system at the Institute for Machine Tools and invite visitors to stay and enjoy reading. Industrial Management and a second one The lights are equipped with integrated at the Centre for Social Competence and sockets and react to movement. Next to Management Training. After successful VJGNQWPIGCTGCXKUKVQTUECPƄPFPGYU pilot courses, librarians trained a total papers, magazines and current journals. of about 1,000 students on information Make yourself at home! competence in this year’s embedded courses. The University Library also offers tailor-made courses to other institutes and Interested in Joining our Team? chairs of the department on request. Our librarians assist students, scientists, lecturers and staff in retrieving information, For more information, please contact literature and using further services. They [email protected] handle complex requests, as well as Like us on Facebook! providing service at the circulation desk. www.facebook.com/tum.library In previous years, the number of work desks was increased, and opening hours at the Branch Library Mechanical Engi-

58 Branch Library Mechanical Engineering Retirements

Prof. Udo Lindemann, Chair of Product He is author, co-author and editor of Development, retired on September 30, PWOGTQWUUEKGPVKƄECPFVGZVDQQMU 2016. LQWTPCNUCPFQVJGTUEKGPVKƄEEQPVTKDWVKQPU

Udo Lindemann studied Mechanical +PVGTPCVKQPCNK\CVKQPCPFUEKGPVKƄE Engineering at Hanover University, where exchange are very important to Udo he subsequently became a research assis- Lindemann. He is very active in attracting tant with Prof. Ehrlenspiel from 1974 to researchers from all over the world and 1979. When Ehrlenspiel accepted a call to also from other disciplines (e.g. medicine, TUM for the Chair of Design Techniques, psychology, biology, informatics). .KPFGOCPPHQNNQYGFJKO#HVGTƄPKUJKPI his doctorate in 1979, he held several Udo Lindemann was also Dean of Studies, NGCFKPIRQUKVKQPUKPKPFWUVT[ƄTUVCV4GPM Vice Dean and Dean of the TUM Depart- Prof. Dr.-Ing. AG, Augsburg, in 1992 as CEO of MAN ment of Mechanical Engineering for many Udo Lindemann Miller Druckmaschinen GmbH. In 1995 years. One of his main contributions was Product Development Lindemann succeeded his former teacher to successfully introduce a reformed as Chair at TUM. The Chair was renamed Diploma curriculum, which later served ‘Chair of Product Development’ in 1999. as a cornerstone for the introduction of the Bachelor/Master system. Later he Under the direction of Udo Lindemann, was elected Member of the TUM Senate, the areas of activity broadend so that in of which he was chairman for six years. the meantime all stages of the develop- Despite his retirement he is still active ment process are covered. A special focus in Acatech, the Kompetenzzentrum is set on the research of design methods, Mittelstand GmbH, the Future Council knowledge management and sustaina- of Bavarian Economy (Zukunftsrat der bility as well as management of design bayerischen Wirtschaft) and in many other and development. Systems engineering, bodies. complexity management as well as strategic product and process planning have been addressed both in fundamental and applied research projects.

Lindemann was especially successful in the acquisition of projects, funded by very diverse funding bodies, including the German Research Foundation (DFG), several federal ministries, the Bavarian Research Foundation (BFS), the Zeidler Research Foundation and the Volkswagen Foundation. For several years, he was speaker of a total of three DFG Collabora- tive Research Centres (SFBs).

Retirements 59 Since March 31, 2016, Professor Baier Similar aspects also hold for his teaching has been in retirement after nearly 19 activities, where in addition to special years as head of the Chair of Lightweight ƄGNFUNKMGCFCRVKXGCPFUOCTVUVTWEVWTGU Structures (LLB). or in design optimization methods also the different broader aspects and their #HVGTJCXKPIƄPKUJGFJKUUVWFKGUKP interactions in lightweight structures are Mechanical Engineering and his doctoral to be observed in their development and degree both with summa cum laude at TU design. The scope of lectures has been Darmstadt, Prof. Baier joined the company complemented by other different types &QTPKGT5[UVGOU*KUƄPCNRQUKVKQPVJGTG of courses such as computer simulation was as a Chief Engineer for Mechanical and experimental lab courses. The total Systems with major applications in number of students in taking part in Prof. Dr.-Ing. Horst Baier aerospace and in other areas as well. In examinations was often in the order of Lightweight Structures parallel he was giving lectures in mathe- 1000 and more per year. matical design optimization methods as an Honorary Professor at TU Darmstadt. In addition to his research and teaching activities, Prof. Baier was and still is active Having joined TUM in 1997 as head of as co-editor and reviewer for different LLB, he initiated various different addi- journals and as a member of several tional research activities such as hybrid UEKGPVKƄEUQEKGVKGU(TQOVKOGVQVKOGJG materials structures, mathematical design still supports some of the activities at optimization or the materials and struc- LLB and the Aerospace Institute, and he tures behavior in cryogenic environments. is still teaching at TUM Asia in Singapore. Major applications of these research LLB as a unit is currently managed by activities have been in aerospace but to Prof. Hornung from the Chair of Aeronau- some extent in other areas as well, such tical Systems, with support in teaching by as in the automotive industry and for Prof. Hajek from the Chair of Helicopter special designs. Substantiation of new Systems. design concepts was not only based on different types of multi-scale simulations, but also on experimental activities in LLB’s test laboratory.

60 Retirements Department Members

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Nikolaus Adams Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Drechsler Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics Carbon Composites www.aer.mw.tum.de www.lcc.mw.tum.de ■ Numerical modeling and simulation ■ Composite materials and process QHEQORNGZƅQYU technology ■ Low-speed aerodynamics ■ Textile technology ■ /WNVKRJCUGƅQYUOKETQƅWKFKEU ■ Lightweight design ■ )CUF[PCOKEUECXKVCVKPIƅQYU Page 98 ■ Aircraft, spacecraft and automotive aerodynamics Page 72

Prof. Dr. phil. Klaus Bengler Prof. Dr.-Ing. Johannes Fottner Ergonomics Logistics Engineering www.lfe.mw.tum.de www.fml.mw.tum.de ■ Micro ergonomics ■ Innovative conveyor technology ■ Human-machine interaction ■ Sustainable logistics systems ■ Digital human modeling ■ Planning and control of material ■ Cooperative systems and ƅQYU[UVGOU automation ■ Industry 4.0 Page 82 ■ Humans in logistics ■ Crane engineering and design of load-supporting structures Page 123

Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Sonja Berensmeier Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael W. Gee Bioseparation Engineering Mechanics and High Performance www.biovt.mw.tum.de Computing ■ Selective separation of bio- www.mhpc.mw.tum.de molecules ■ High performance parallel comput- ■ Downstream processing ing ■ Magnetic separation ■ Fluid-structure interaction Page 90 ■ Cardiovascular biomechanics Page 108

Prof. Dr. Carlo L. Bottasso Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Dipl.-Geophys. Wind Energy Systems Christian Große www.wind.mw.tum.de Non-destructive Testing ■ Wind energy system design, www.zfp.tum.de modeling and control ■ Quality control during construction ■ Computational mechanics and ■ Inspection of structures and com- simulation technology ponents in civil and mechanical ■ Numerical and experimental engineering aeroelasticity ■ Structural health monitoring Page 93 Joint Appointment with the Faculty of Civil Engineering Page 113

Faculty Members 61 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Volker Gümmer Prof. Dr.-Ing. Florian Holzapfel Turbomachinery and Flight System Dynamics Flight Propulsion www.fsd.mw.tum.de www.ltf.mw.tum.de ■ Modeling, simulation and para- ■ Aerodynamics of turbomachinery meter estimation ■ Propulsor technology ■ (NKIJVIWKFCPEGCPFƅKIJVEQPVTQN ■ Design concepts for gasturbine ■ Sensors, data fusion and naviga- components tion ■ Gasturbine systems and cycles ■ Trajectory optimization Page 117 Page 145

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Willibald A. Günthner Prof. Dr.-Ing. Mirko Hornung Materials Handling, Material Flow, Aircraft Design Logistics www.lls.mw.tum.de www.fml.mw.tum.de ■ Scenario analysis, future trends ■ Innovative conveyor technology and technologies ■ Sustainable logistics systems ■ Aircraft design (civil and military) ■ Planning and control of material ■ Analysis and evaluation of aircraft ƅQYU[UVGOU concepts ■ Industry 4.0 Page 152 ■ Humans in logistics ■ Crane engineering and design of load-supporting structures Page 123

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Oskar J. Haidn Prof. Dr.-Ing. Mirko Hornung Space Propulsion (interim) www.lfa.mw.tum.de Institute of Lightweight Structures ■ Thrust chamber technologies www.llb.mw.tum.de ■ High pressure combustion ■ Smart and adaptive structures ■ In-space propulsion ■ Large membrane and deployable ■ Green propellants space structures ■ Combustion dynamics ■ Fibre composite and hybrid ■ Turbopump technologies materials structures Page 132 ■ Structural and multidisciplinary design optimization techniques Page 157

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Hajek Prof. Dr.-Ing. Helicopter Technology Hans-Jakob Kaltenbach www.ht.mw.tum.de Flow Control and Aeroacoustics ■ Aeromechanical modeling and test www.aer.mw.tum.de of rotors ■ #EVKXGCPFRCUUKXGƅQYEQPVTQN ■ Modelling and simulation of ■ 2TGFKEVKQPCPFOKVKICVKQPQHƅQY TQVQETCHVƅKIJV noise ■ /WNVKTQVQTEQPƄIWTCVKQPU ■ Aircraft, automotive and railway Page 137 aerodynamics Page 163

62 Faculty Members Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harald Klein Prof. Dr.-Ing. Markus Lienkamp Plant and Process Technology Automotive Technology www.apt.mw.tum.de www.ftm.mw.tum.de ■ Process design ■ Vehicle concepts ■ Equipment design methods ■ Electric mobility ■ Modeling and thermodynamic ■ Vehicle control and dynamics property data ■ Driver assistance systems Page 165 Page 179

Prof. Phaedon-Stelios Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Boris Lohmann Koutsourelakis, Ph.D. Automatic Control Continuum Mechanics www.rt.mw.tum.de www.contmech.mw.tum.de ■ Methods and application of ■ 7PEGTVCKPV[SWCPVKƄECVKQPKPEQO- nonlinear and predictive control putational science and engineering ■ Modeling, reduction, and control of ■ Bayesian formulations for inverse distributed parameter systems problems ■ Automotive, multicopter, and robot ■ Atomistic simulation of materials control application Page 169 Page 184

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Kremling Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Tim C. Lüth Systems Biotechnology Micro Technology and Medical www.biovt.mw.tum.de Device Technology ■ Mathematical modeling of cellular www.mimed.mw.tum.de systems ■ Medical navigation, robotics, and ■ Model analysis and parameter control architectures KFGPVKƄECVKQP ■ Rapid prototyping ■ Model-based experimental design ■ Technology for an aging society Page 173 Page 189

Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Oliver Lieleg Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Tim C. Lüth Biomechanics (interim) www.imetum.tum.de/arbeitsgruppen/ Medical and Polymer Engineering biologische-hydrogele www.medtech.mw.tum.de ■ Mechanics of biomaterials ■ Hemocompatible and -active ■ Biological hydrogels surfaces and systems ■ Biomedical/biophysical engineer- ■ Functionalized polymeric implants ing ■ Improved polymers, process Page 176 tooling and analysis tools Page 196

Faculty Members 63 Prof. Rafael Macian-Juan, Ph.D. Prof. Dr. Julien Provost Nuclear Technology Safe Embedded Systems www.ntec.mw.tum.de www.ses.mw.tum.de ■ Nuclear reactor safety ■ Fault-tolerant systems ■ Thermal-hydraulic and neutronic ■ (QTOCNXGTKƄECVKQPCPFXCNKFCVKQP analysis of nuclear systems ■ Distributed control systems ■ Radiation transport ■ Diagnosis of automated systems Page 200 Page 219

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Steffen Marburg Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gunther Reinhart Vibroacoustics of Vehicles and Industrial Management and Machines Assembly Technologies www.vib.mw.tum.de www.iwb.mw.tum.de ■ Experimental and computational ■ Production management and acoustics logistics ■ Vibroacoustic optimization ■ Automation and robotics ■ 7PEGTVCKPV[SWCPVKƄECVKQP ■ Assembly technology of vibroacoustic systems Page 222 ■ /CVGTKCNFCVCKFGPVKƄECVKQP Page 205

Prof. Dr. Rudolf Neu Prof. Dr. Ir. Daniel Rixen Plasma Material Interaction Applied Mechanics www.pmw.mw.tum.de www.amm.mw.tum.de ■ Erosion and hydrogen retention in ■ Numerical methods for technical plasma facing materials dynamics ■ Tungsten alloys and composite ■ Experimental structure dynamics structures for heat removal ■ Multiphysicals models ■ *GCVƅQYVGUVUHQTCPFFGXGNQR- Page 227 ment of plasma facing materials Page 209

Prof. Wolfgang Polifke, Ph.D. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Sattelmayer Thermo-Fluid Dynamics Thermodynamics www.tfd.mw.tum.de www.td.mw.tum.de ■ Aero- and thermoacoustics ■ %QODWUVKQPCPFTGCEVKXGƅQYU ■ Mixing and reaction in turbulent noise and instabilities ƅQYU ■ Transport phenomena in single- ■ 6YQRJCUGƅQYU CPFVYQRJCUGƅQYU Page 214 ■ Energy systems and technologies Page 233

64 Faculty Members Prof. Dr.-Ing. Veit Senner Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfram Volk Sport Equipment and Materials Metal Forming and Casting www.spgm.tum.de www.utg.mw.tum.de ■ New materials (esp. carbon ■ Manufacturing, tooling, and composites) in sports measurement technology ■ Improved interaction between ■ Development, heat treatment and athletes and sports equipment processing of new materials ■ Equipment for reduced injury risk ■ Virtual manufacturing processes in sports Page 275 Page 247

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hartmut Spliethoff Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfram Volk Energy Systems (interim) www.es.mw.tum.de Product Development ■ Systems studies www.pe.mw.tum.de ■ %QODWUVKQPCPFICUKƄECVKQPQH ■ Systems engineering and systems solid fuels behavior ■ Steam cycles ■ Innovation processes and creativity Page 251 enhancing methods ■ Individualized products Page 282

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karsten Stahl Prof. Dr.-Ing. Georg Wachtmeister Machine Elements Internal Combustion Engines www.fzg.mw.tum.de www.lvk.mw.tum.de ■ Gears and transmission ■ Gas and diesel engines components ■ Injection processes ■ (CVKIWGNKHGGHƄEKGPE[08* ■ Exhaust gas aftertreatment behavior Page 290 ■ Testing, methods, simulation ■ Analysis, computer applications Page 257

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Birgit Vogel-Heuser Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfgang A. Wall Automation and Information Computational Mechanics Systems www.lnm.mw.tum.de www.ais.mw.tum.de ■ /WNVKƄGNFRTQDNGOU ■ Model-based and integrated ■ Multiscale problems engineering ■ Computational biomechanics and ■ Distributed control systems biophysics ■ Quality management and human Page 296 factors Page 267

Faculty Members 65 Prof. Prof. h.c. Dr. rer. nat. Other Professors and ‘Privatdozenten’ Ulrich Walter Astronautics Hon.-Prof. Dipl.-Ing Nikolaus Bauer www.lrt.mw.tum.de Material Handling, Material Flow, Logistics ■ Spacecraft and satellite techno- logies apl. Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Christian Breitsamter ■ Systems engineering Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics ■ Human exploration technologies ■ Hypervelocity laboratory Hon.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Heiden Page 302 Automotive Technology

#HƄNKCVG2TQHGUUQT&T+PI/CVVJKCU*GNNGT Prof. Dr. mont. habil. Dr. rer. nat. Flight System Dynamics h.c. Ewald Werner Materials Science and Mechanics Hon.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Hirt of Materials Machine Elements www.wkm.mw.tum.de ■ Materials science of metals and PD Dr.-Ing. habil. Xiangyu Hu mechanics of materials Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics ■ Phase transformations ■ Alloy and process development PD Dr.-Ing. habil. Thomas Indinger Page 312 Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics

Hon.-Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Erich Kirschneck Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dirk Weuster-Botz Material Handling, Material Flow, Logistics Biochemical Engineering www.biovt.mw.tum.de Hon.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Christian Lammel ■ Microbial bioprocess engineering Institute of Industrial Management and and industrial biotechnology Assembly Technologies ■ Biocatalysis and fermentation ■ Bioprocess integration Hon.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hanns-Jürgen Lichtfuß Page 319 Flight Propulsion

Hon.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Siegfried Petz Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael F. Zaeh Industrial Management and Assembly Technologies Machine Tools and Manufacturing Technology Hon.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Platz www.iwb.mw.tum.de Industrial Management and Assembly Technologies ■ Machine tools ■ Manufacturing processes Hon.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karl-Viktor Schaller ■ Joining and cutting technologies Automotive Technology Page 324 Prof. h.c. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. Dieter Schmitt Aircraft Design

66 Faculty Members &KUVKPIWKUJGF#HƄNKCVGF2TQHGUUQT

Prof. PD Dr. Werner Seidenschwarz Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gang, Wan Product Development Peking/China, Minister für Wissenschaft und Technologie der Volksrepublik China PD Dr.-Ing. habil. Christian Stemmer Mechanical Engineering Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics Prof. Dr.-Ing. Kröger, Wolfgang PD Dr.-Ing. habil. Thomas Thümmel Zurich, Switzerland, ETH Zürich Applied Mechanics Mechanical Engineering

Hon.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Tropschuh Automotive Technology

Hon.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Walter Wohnig Metal Forming and Casting

Hon.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Horst-Henning Wolf Metal Forming and Casting

Faculty Members 67 Retired Professors

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Horst Baier Prof. Dr.-Ing. Bernd-Robert Höhn Lightweight Structures Machine Elements

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Bender Prof. Dr.-Ing. Eduard Igenbergs Information Technology Astronautics

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E. h. Eckhart Blaß Prof. Dr.-Ing. Boris Laschka Fluid Process Engineering Fluid Mechanics

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Siegfried Böttcher Prof. Dr.-Ing. Udo Lindemann Materials Handling Product Development

Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Günther Brandenburg Prof. Gero Madelung Special Applications of Electrical Drives Aircraft Engineering

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. rer. nat. Otto Brüller Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E. h. mult. Franz Mayinger Mechanics Thermodynamics

Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Heiner Bubb Prof. Dr.-Ing. Alfons Mersmann Ergonomics Process Engineering

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Ehrlenspiel Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reimer J. Meyer-Jens Design in Mechanical Engineering Lightweight Structures

Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Rainer Friedrich Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E. h. mult. Friedrich Pfeiffer Fluid Mechanics Mechanics

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. rer. nat. Gerd Habenicht Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. h. c. Karl Theodor Renius Joining Technology Agricultural Machines

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dietmar Hein Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Heinzpeter Rühmann Thermal Power Plants Ergonomics

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E. h. Joachim Heinzl Precision Engineering and Micro Technology

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Bernd Heißing Automotive Technology

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hartmut Hoffmann Metal Forming and Casting

Faculty Members Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gottfried Sachs Flight Mechanics

Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Dr. h. c. Rudolf Schilling Hydraulic Machines and Plants

Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Günter H. Schnerr Gas Dynamics

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karlheinz G. Schmitt-Thomas Materials in Mechanical Engineering

Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Johann Stichlmair Fluid Process Engineering

Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Johannes Straub Thermodynamics

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Strohmeier Apparatus and Plant Engineering

Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Hans M. Tensi Mechanical Engineering

Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Heinz Ulbrich Applied Mechanics

Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Dieter Vortmeyer Chemical Process Engineering

Faculty Members

Reports of the Institutes Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics

0WOGTKECNOQFGNKPIUKOWNCVKQPCPFGZRGTKOGPVCNCPCN[UKUQHƅWKFUCPFƅWKFƅQYU

■ The focus of the Institute of Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics in YCUQPRTQRWNUKQPƅWKFF[PCOKEUFGTKXKPIPGYRCTVKENGOGVJQFU HQTEQPVKPWWOOGEJCPKEUFGXGNQROGPVQHCOWNVKTGUQNWVKQPRCTCNNGN UKOWNCVKQPGPXKTQPOGPVHQTVJG0#015*1%-RTQLGEVQPTGFWEGFQTFGT OQFGNKPICPFEQPVTQNQHTQVCT[CPFƄZGFYKPICGTQF[PCOKEUCPFQP advanced simulation technologies in automotive aerodynamics.

A highlight in 2015/16 was the successful fundamental research activities on this defense of the Collaborative Research subject worldwide. Dr. Daniel Gaudlitz, Program TRR 40 on propulsion systems formerly Senior Research Associate with for space transportation which entered the Institute, was appointed as Professor Prof. Dr.-Ing. KVUTFCPFƄPCNHWPFKPIRGTKQF of Fluid Mechanics at the University of Nikolaus A. Adams 2020. The TRR 40 is one of the largest Appliead Sciences in Zwickau.

Contact

www.aer.mw.tum.de Cavitation and Flow-Induced Erosion [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.16138 Motivation and Objectives induce strong noise and vibrations. Both Flow-induced evaporation (cavitation) of are highly undesirable for pumps and liquids occurs in a broad range of tech- turbines, as well as for naval vessels such nical systems. In combustion engines, as cruise liners. cavitation is leveraged in order to control Our objective is to implement accurate VJGOCUUƅQYCPFVQENGCPURTC[JQNGU simulation approaches for predicting from exhaust products. Collapsing vapor all dominating phenomena in cavitating bubbles may also be used to enhance ƅQYUYKVJVJGIQCNVQRTQXKFGVJGITQWPF- drug delivery in biomedical applications. work for the design optimization of future However, if vapor cavities collapse in an technical devices.

Approach to Solution We develop mathematical models and PWOGTKECNCRRTQCEJGUHQTGHƄEKGPVCPF CEEWTCVGRTGFKEVKQPQHECXKVCVKPIƅQY phenomena. The thermodynamic FGUETKRVKQPQHCNNƅWKFEQORQPGPVU NKSWKF vapor, inert gases) involved makes for EQORTGUUKDNGƅWKFOQFGNURQUUKDNG These enable the simulation of shock wave formation due to collapsing vapor patterns. Thereby, intense loads on material surfaces are obtained without the need for additional models. Depending Side- and top-view on a shedding uncontrolled way, the surrounding material on the dominant physics, high-quality partial cavity forming past a sharp can be severely damaged. Especially shock-capturing schemes and large-eddy wedge. for high pressure systems, such as fuel simulation (LES) schemes are proposed injector components of automotive and and applied to fundamental as well as to naval combustion engines, cavitation highly practical problems. Fundamental erosion represents a continuous challenge research is funded by the European Union, for designers. Violent collapses of vapor while applied research is performed in patterns can result in the formation of collaboration with automotive suppliers, intense shock waves with amplitudes VJG751HƄEGQH0CXCN4GUGCTEJCPFVJG reaching more than 10,000 bar – enough European Space Agency. to damage even stainless steel. In addition to material removal, cavitation may also

72 Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics Key Results ■ Egerer, C.P.; Schmidt, S.J.; Hickel, S.; #FCOU0#'HƄEKGPVKORNKEKV.'5 method for the simulation of turbulent ECXKVCVKPIƅQYU,QWTPCNQH%QORWVC- tional Physics, Volume 316, 2016, pp. 453-469. ■ Örley, F.; Hickel, S.; Schmidt, S.J.; Adams, N.A.: Large-eddy simulation of VWTDWNGPVECXKVCVKPIHWGNƅQYKPUKFGC 9-hole diesel injector including needle movement. International Journal of Engine Research, 2016, pp. 1-17. ■ Budich, B.; Schmidt, S.J.; Adams, %CXKVCVKPIUJKRRTQRGNNGTƅQYCTQWPFVJGOQFGNRTQRGNNGT82 N.A.: Implicit large-eddy simulation of the cavitating model propeller VP1304 ■ Budich, B.; Schmidt, S.J.; Adams, N.A.: using a compressible homogeneous Numerical investigation of condensation mixture model. Symposium on Naval UJQEMUKPECXKVCVKPIƅQY5[ORQUKWOQP Hydrodynamics [31st], 2016. Naval Hydrodynamics [31st.], 2016.

Particle Hydrodynamics for Domain Partition

Motivation and Objectives Approach to Solution Massively parallel computing is essential We have developed particle-hydrodynam- HQTEQORWVCVKQPCNƅWKFF[PCOKEU %(&  ics-based domain partition methods. Such VQEQRGYKVJƅQYUKOWNCVKQPUKPXQNXKPI methods are able to accomplish approxi- complex geometries or a wide spectrum mately equal-sized domain decomposition of length scales. However, partitioning with minimum neighbor communication problems arise when the number of patterns as it reduces processor operation processor cores increases in massively idle time and inter-processor communica- parallel computing environments. The tion time. optimization strategy for load-balancing and inter-processor communication Key Results becomes the critical bottleneck and limits ■ A novel partitioning method for the computational performance. block-structured adaptive meshes, Part I: Theory and validation, L. Fu, S. Litvinov, X.Y. Hu, N.A. Adams. Journal of Computational Physics, accepted for publication 2016. ■ A physics-motivated centroidal voronoi particle domain decomposition method. L. Fu, X.Y. Hu, N.A. Adams. Journal of Computational Physics, accepted for publication 2016. ■ A weakly compressible SPH method based on a low-dissipation Riemann solver. C. Zhang, X.Y. Hu, N.A. Adams. The partitioning topology of partitioning number 64 for Journal of Computational Physics, a 3D partitioning simulation. accepted for publication 2016.

Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics 73 Large Eddy Simulation of Complex Turbulent Flows

wall turbulence models, which facilitate LES of engineering aerodynamic applica- tions. #FXCPEGFEQWRNKPIQHƅWKFF[PCOKEU with complex chemical reaction kinetics has been successfully implemented and provides the framework for studies in the ƄGNFQHUJQEMKPFWEGFEQODWUVKQP

Key Results ■ Diegelmann, F., Hickel S., Adams N.A., 5JQEM/CEJPWODGTKPƅWGPEGQPTGCE- tion wave types and mixing in reactive shock-bubble interaction. Combustion and Flame, 174, 085-099, 2016 ■ Egerer, C.P., Schmidt, S.J., Hickel, S., #FCOU0#'HƄEKGPVKORNKEKV.'5 method for the simulation of turbulent &GƅCITCVKQPVQFGVQPCVKQP Motivation and Objectives ECXKVCVKPIƅQYU,QWTPCNQH%QORWVC- transition in a shock-induced 5EKGPVKƄEFKUEQXGT[VJTQWIJOQFGNKPI tional Physics 316, 453-469, 2016 shock-bubble interaction and predictive simulation requires num- ■ Örley, F., Hickel, S., Schmidt, S.J., erical models and solution methods that Adams, N.A., Large-eddy simulation accurately represent and resolve relevant QHVWTDWNGPVECXKVCVKPIƅQYKPUKFGC ƅQYRJ[UKEUCPFGHƄEKGPVN[GZRNQKVOQFGTP 9-hole diesel injector including needle massively parallel supercomputers. movement. International Journal of Engine Research, 1-17, 2016 Approach to Solution ■ Pasquariello, V., Hammerl, G., Örley, #FCRVKXGƅQYUKOWNCVKQPTGHGTUVQJKIJN[ F., Hickel, S., Danowski, C., Popp, A., CWVQOCVGFƅQYUKOWNCVKQPUYJKEJTGSWKTG Wall, W.A., Adams, N.A., A cut-cell only a minimum of user interventions, ƄPKVGXQNWOGƄPKVGGNGOGPVEQWRNKPI while delivering reliable results. This CRRTQCEJHQTƅWKFUVTWEVWTGKPVGTCEVKQP includes methods for automatic mesh KPEQORTGUUKDNGƅQY,QWTPCNQH%QO- CFCRVCVKQPCUYGNNCUHQTVJGSWCPVKƄECVKQP putational Physics 307: 670-695, 2016 of uncertainties that result from model ■ Pasquariello, V., Grilli, M., Hickel, S., approximations, initial data, or boundary Adams, N.A., Large-eddy simulation of conditions. Adaptive DNS/LES requires passive shock-wave/boundary-layer methods that couple numerical and physi- interaction control. International Journal cal models on multiple scales in a consist- of Heat and Fluid Flow, Vol. 49, 116- ent way. We have developed sophisticated 127, 2014

74 Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics Multiscale Simulation Models for Complex Fluid Dynamics and Interactions

Motivation and Objectives Multi-region problems can occur when the OQVKQPQHOQTGVJCPVYQKOOKUEKDNGƅWKFU is to be described. In this case the inter- HCEGPGVYQTMUGRCTCVKPIVJGFKHHGTGPVƅWKF regions, evolves in time due to interac- VKQPUQHVJGFKXGTUGƅWKFUCETQUUKPVGTHCEG segments. These interactions often can DGFGUETKDGFD[NQECNƅWKFRTQRGTVKGU 5KOWNCVKQPUQHOWNVKRJCUGƅQYUWEJCU bubble interaction, drop impact and spray atomization, need to resolve length scales that can span several orders of magni- tude, which poses a great computational Key Results Multi-scale simulation of interface EJCNNGPIG#FCRVKXGOGUJTGƄPGOGPV ■ 'HƄEKGPVHQTOWNCVKQPQHUECNGUGRCTCVKQP instability under an implosive shock (AMR) and multi-resolution (MR) methods, for multi-scale modeling of interfacial even with local time stepping, do not ƅQYU,.WQ:;*W0##FCOU UWHƄEKGPVN[TGFWEGEQORWVCVKQPCNEQUV Journal of Computational Physics 308 to enable accurate routine simulations of (2016 ) 411-420. EQORNGZKPVGTHCEKCNƅQYU ■ Curvature boundary condition for a moving contact line J. Luo, X.Y. Hu, Approach to Solution N.A. Adams. Journal of Computational Based on our newly-developed multi-scale Physics 310 (2016) 329-341. sharp interface modeling approach, we ■ On the convergence of the weakly design numerical schemes with the ability compressible sharp-interface method VQUGRCTCVGƅQYUVTWEVWTGCEEQTFKPIVQ HQTVYQRJCUGƅQYU55EJTCPPGT:; their characteristic length scales and to Hu, N.A. Adams. Journal of Computa- handle large scale and small scale struc- tional Physics 324 (2016) 94-114. ture in physically consistent ways. The ■ A family of high-order targeted ENO developed numerical schemes achieve UEJGOGUHQTEQORTGUUKDNGƅWKF very good resolvability without compro- simulations. L. Fu, X.Y. Hu, N.A. Adams. mising robustness. We have developed a Journal of Computational Physics 305, high resolution scheme for transporting 333-359, 2015 material interface networks and applied ■ L.H. Han, X.Y. Hu, N.A. Adams, J. this scheme for the simulation of shock Comp. Phys. 262:131-152 (2014) dynamics involving multiple compressible ■ L.H. Han, X.Y. Hu, N.A. Adams, J. ƅWKFU Comp. Phys., 280:387-403 (2014)

Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics 75 NANOSHOCK* – Manufacturing Shock Interactions for Innovative Nanoscale Processes

Since December 2015, the ‘Nanoshock’ such as kidney-stone lithotripsy rely on group at the Institute of Aerodynamics these phenomena, still today the underly- and Fluid Mechanics (Prof. Adams) have ing mechanisms are not fully understood. been investigating the highly complex Using the most advanced numerical meth- ƅQYRJ[UKEUQHUJQEMKPVGTCEVKQPUYKVJ ods, we study the fundamental problem of interfaces. Shock waves are disconti- gas-bubble collapse impact on interfaces PWKVKGUKPVJGOCETQUEQRKEƅWKFUVCVG and biomaterials and provide detailed that can lead to extreme temperatures, quantitative data of the entire process. pressures and concentrations of energy. This knowledge can lead to improved 6JGƄIWTGUJQYUCPKPUVCPVC- A classic example of the generation of treatments in cancer therapy or drug deliv- neous simulation snapshot of shock waves is the supersonic boom of ery by harnessing the enormous potential a collapsing gas bubble near a solid wall. Due to the presence an aircraft or the pressure wave originating of shock-wave induced interactions. QHVJGYCNNVJGDWDDNGEQNNCRUG from an explosion. Funded by the Euro- is asymmetrical and the wall TGƅGEVURCTVUQHVJGGOKVVGFUJQEM pean Research Council (ERC) under the N. Hoppe, J. Kaiser, A. Lunkov, V. Bog- wave (upper half: color map European Union’s Horizon 2020 research danov, Dr.-Ing. S. Adami, Prof. Dr.-Ing. N. FGPQVGURTGUUWTGƄGNFNQYGTJCNH numerical schlieren image). and innovation program with an advanced A. Adams grant for Prof. Adams, in this project we are developing numerical methods that are capable of predicting shock wave inter- * This project has received funding from the European actions with gas bubbles and soft tissue. Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s *QTK\QPTGUGCTEJCPFKPPQXCVKQPRTQITCOOG Although frequently used applications (grant agreement No 667483).

Automotive Aerodynamics

Way to Solution some of the most remarkable trends in the A new methodology to separate particular design of modern open jet facilities in the wind tunnel interferences is established past decades. However, the typical block- on the base of CFD simulations using age ratio is still in the range of 10% and OpenFOAM®. The contribution of nozzle, hence open jet wind tunnel interferences open jet and collector interferences is are not negligible today. The requirement evaluated by simulating the aerodynamics to increase accuracy goes along with of the DrivAer reference model for both a further development of open jet wind open road and wind tunnel conditions. tunnel corrections. Furthermore, the effect of moving ground CFD simulation of DrivAer simulation and its dimensions on race car Key Results reference model in open road and aerodynamics are part of the CFD studies. ■ Collin C., Mack S., Indinger T., Mueller wind tunnel conditions The results from CFD are compared with J., ‘A numerical and experimental classical blockage corrections. Finally, evaluation of open jet wind tunnel KORTQXGFRQVGPVKCNƅQYOQFGNUCTG interferences using the DrivAer ref- developed and design criteria for open jet erence model,’ SAE Int. J. Passeng. test sections are derived. Cars – Mech. Syst. 9(2):657-679, 2016, doi:10.4271/2016-01-1597. Motivation ■ Collin C., Indinger T., Mueller J., ‘Moving Wind tunnel testing is the essential ground simulation for high performance method to develop automotive aero- race cars in an automotive wind tunnel’, dynamics. Increasing nozzle size and JSAE Annual Spring Congress 2016, test section length, as well as improved Yokohama, Japan, 2015. moving ground simulation, have been

76 Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics Aircraft and Helicopter Aerodynamics

Motivation The long-term research agenda is based QPVJGEQPVKPWGFKORTQXGOGPVQHƅQY prediction and analysis capabilities in the context of aircraft and helicopter RGTHQTOCPEGCPFFTCITGFWEVKQP5RGEKƄE research activities are dedicated to the TGNKCDNGRTGFKEVKQPQHƅQYUGRCTCVKQPQPUGV and progression in the context of vortex FQOKPCVGFƅQYCPFEQPVTQNQHNGCFKPI edge vortex systems, development of a novel ROM framework for aeroelastic analysis, drag reduction of helicopter rotor hub and engine intake through shape opti- OK\CVKQPCPFƅQYEQPVTQNCPFƅWKFUVTWE- ture interaction of membrane type lifting ■ M. Grawunder, R. Reß, and C. Breit- 5VTWEVWTGQHPGWTQHW\\[41/ surfaces applied to wind turbine rotors. samter. AIAA Journal, Vol. 54, No. 6, chain for aeroelastic analysis 2016, pp. 2011-2015. Approach to Solution ■ M. Grawunder, R. Reß, V. Stein, C. Investigations have been performed using Breit samter, and N. A. Adams. NNFM, both wind tunnel experiments and state- Vol. 132, Springer Verlag, 2016, of-the art numerical simulations. In-house RR| codes are continously further elaborated ■ K. Kato, C. Breitsamter, and S. Obi. in the context of aeroelasticity analysis International Journal of Heat and Fluid with respect to time-accurate fully coupled Flow, Vol. 61, 2016, pp. 58-67. simulations as well as the application of ■ A. Kölzsch, S. Blanchard, and C. novel neuro-fuzzy based reduced order Breitsamter: NNFM, Vol. 132, Springer models. Commercial CFD codes are Verlag, 2016, pp. 823-832. CRRNKGFVQƅQYEQPVTQNRTQDNGOUCPFJGNK- ■ M. Winter, and C. Breitsamter. AIAA copter aerodynamics addressing unsteady Journal, Vol. 54, No. 9, 2016, pp. 2705- loads analysis and aeroacoustics. 2720. ■ M. Winter, and C. Breitsamter. Journal Stereo-PIV measurements on Key Results of Fluids and Structures, Vol. 67, 2016, EQPVTQNNGFFGNVCYKPIƅQY ■ A. Hövelmann, F. Knoth, and C. pp. 2705- 2720. Breitsamter. Aerospace Science and ■ J. H. You, C. Breitsamter, and R. Heger. Technology, Vol. 57, 2016, pp. 18-30. CEAS Aeronautical Journal, Vol. 7, ■ A. Hövelmann, M. Grawunder, A. 0Q|RR Buzica, and C. Breitsamter. Aerospace Science and Technology, Vol. 57, 2016, pp. 31-42.

Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics 77 Laminar-turbulent Transition with Chemical (Non-)Equilibrium in Hypersonic Boundary-layer Flows

Approach to Solution Direct numerical simulations (DNS) are conducted on national HPC facilities such as SuperMUC and HLRS. Results show that roughness wakes are subject to an increased instability in the presence of chemical reactions and non-equilibrium effects

Key Results ■ A. Di Giovanni and C. Stemmer: High-temperature gas effects on the JKIJGPVJCNR[ƅQYQPVJGYKPFYCTF side boundary layer of a generic capsule geometry. 8th ESA Symposium on Aerothermodynamics for Space Vehicles; Lisbon, 2015. ■ A. Di Giovanni, C. Stemmer, Numer- ical simulations of the high-enthalpy Computational setup for a rough- Motivation boundary layer on a generic capsule ness patch on a re-entry capsule Blunt bodies returning from space are geometry with roughness, DGLR-STAB subject to immense heat loads leading to Symposium Braunschweig, 2016. ablation. Roughnesses on these ablating surfaces can induce laminar-turbulent transition, which again increases the heat load on the surface. This self-energizing effect can lead to a catastrophic failure of the spacecraft. The role of chemical modelling in high-temperature boundary layers in equilibrium and non-equilibrium is the main focus of the numerical work. DNS results from vortical disturbances induced by surface roughness in a reacting environment

78 Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics SFBTR40 DFG Sonderforschungsbereich TRR 40: Technological Foundations for the Design of Thermally and Mechanically Highly Loaded Components of Future Space Transportation Systems

The institute has the speaker role within new design of a single component directly VJG&()5($644|0GZVIGPGTCVKQP affects all other components. space transportation systems will be The 25 projects from TUM, RWTH Aachen, based on rocket propulsion systems TU Braunschweig and the University of which deliver the best compromise Stuttgart as well as partners from DLR and between development and production AIRBUS D&S investigate in interdiscipli- EQUVCPFRGTHQTOCPEG6JG644| nary experimental and numerical teams. focuses on liquid rocket propulsion sys- The developed concepts will be tested on tems and their integration into the space sub-scale combustion chambers and will transportation system. be developed to a stage of applicability. In Critical, thermally and mechanically addition, principal experiments are going highly loaded components of such space to be conducted to demonstrate new transportation systems are the combus- VGEJPQNQIKGUFGXGNQRGFKPVJG644| tion chamber, the nozzle, the aft body 6JGUEKGPVKƄEHQEWUQHCNNƄXGTGUGCTEJ and the cooling of the structure. These areas within the TRR 40 is the analysis components offer the highest potential and modeling of coupled systems. Based HQTCPKPETGCUGKPGHƄEKGPE[QHVJGGPVKTG on reference experiments, detailed system. However, all components are numerical models are developed which in close and direct interaction with each UGTXGCUVJGDCUKUHQTGHƄEKGPVCPFTGNKCDNG other. Optimization or the fundamentally predictive simulation tools for design.

Research Foci ■ 0WOGTKECNƅWKFCPFƅQYOQFGNKPI and simulation ■ %QORNGZƅWKFU ■ 6WTDWNGPVCPFVTCPUKVKQPCNƅQYU ■ Aerodynamics of aircraft and auto- mobiles ■ Environmental aerodynamics

Competences ■ Multi-physics code and particle-based model development ■ DrivAer car geometry ■ Experimental aerodynamics

Infrastructure ■ 3 low-speed wind tunnels and moving Instantaneous snapshots of a nitrogen jet in hydrogen: (a) temperature; (b) vapor fraction on a belt system molar basis; (c) hydrogen density; (d) relative difference in density ■ 2 shock tubes

Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics 79 Courses Adjunct Professor ■ Grundlagen der Fluidmechanik I Prof. i.R. Dr.-Ing. Habil. Rainer Friedrich ■ Fluidmechanik II Prof. em. Dr.-Ing. Boris Laschka, Emeritus ■ Grundlagen der numerischen Strö- Apl. Prof. i.R. Dr.-Ing. Hans Wengle, mungsmechanik Emeritus ■ Continuum Mechanics ■ Computational Solid and Fluid Visiting Lecturer Dynamics Dr.-Ing. Rainer Demuth (BMW Group) ■ Aerodynamik des Flugzeugs I ■ Aerodynamik des Flugzeugs II Administrative Staff ■ Grenzschichttheorie Angela Grygier ■ Aeroakustik Amely Schwörer ■ Angewandte CFD Li Su, M.Sc. ■ Gasdynamik Dip.-Betriebw. (FH) Sandra Greil ■ Turbulente Strömungen ■ Aerodynamik bodengebundener Research Staff Fahrzeuge Dr.-Ing. Stefan Adami ■ Aerodynamik der Bauwerke Dmitrii Azarnykh, M.Sc. ■ Aerodynamik von Hochleistungs- Bruno Beban, M.Sc. fahrzeugen Dr.-Ing. Xin Bian ■ Instationäre Aerodynamik I Vladimir Bogdanov, M.Sc. ■ Numerische Berechnung turbulenter Morgane Borreguero, M.Sc. Strömungen Dipl.-Ing. Bernd Budich ■ Numerische Methoden für Erhaltungs- Dipl.-Ing. Andrei Buzica gleichungen Yuanwei Cao, M.Sc. ■ Aerodynamik der Raumfahrzeuge – Michael Cerny, M.Sc. Wiedereintrittsaerodynamik Dipl.-Ing. Christopher Collin ■ $KQƅWKF/GEJCPKEU Antonio Di Giovanni, M.Sc. ■ Grundlagen der experimentellen Felix Diegelmann, M.Sc. Strömungsmechanik Alexander Döhring, M.Sc. ■ #P+PVTQFWEVKQPVQ/KETQƅWKFKE Zheng Fang, M.Sc. Simulations Lin Fu, M.Sc. ■ Instationäre Aerodynamik II Dr.-Ing. Marcus Giglmaier ■ Numerische Strömungsakustik Polina Gorkh, M.Sc. ■ 5VTÒOWPIUDGGKPƅWUUWPI Dipl.-Ing. Lukas Haag ■ Strömungsphysik und Modellgesetze Dr.-Ing. Luhui Han ■ Praktikum Aerodynamik des Flugzeugs Nils Hoppe, M.Sc. ■ Praktikum Simulation turbulenter Zhe Ji, M.Sc. Strömungen auf HPC-Systemen Jakob Kaiser, M.Sc. ■ Praktikum Numerische Strömungs- Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Kaller simulation Marco Kiewat, M.Sc. ■ Praktikum Numerische Strömungs- Dipl.-Ing. Florian Knoth akustik Aleksandr Lunkov, M.Sc. ■ Praktikum Experimentelle Strömungs- Xiuxiu Lyu, M.Sc. mechanik Dipl.-Ing. Jan Matheis Daiki Matsumoto, M.Sc. Management Lu Miao, M.Sc. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Nikolaus A. Adams, Director Dipl.-Phys. Christoph Niedermeier Apl. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Habil. Daria Ogloblina, M.Sc. Christian Breisamter Aleksandra Pachalieva, M.Sc. PD Dr.-Ing. Habil. Christian Stemmer Shucheng Pan, M.Sc. Dr.-Ing. Xiangyu Hu Dipl.-Ing. Vito Pasquariello PD Dr.-Ing. Habil. Thomas Indinger Dr.-Ing. Albert Pernpeintner

80 Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics Stefan Pfnür, M.Sc. Zhaoguang Wang, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Julie Piquee Dipl.-Ing. Maximilian Winter Patrick Pölzlbauer, M.Sc. Chi Zhang, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Jan-Frederik Quaatz Vladyslav Rozov, M.Sc. Technical Staff Dr.-Ing. Steffen Schmidt Martin Banzer Dipl.-Ing. Felix Schranner Franz Färber Dipl.-Ing. Victor Stein Hans-Gerhard Frimberger Dipl.-Ing. Marco Stuhlpfarrer Wolfgang Lützenburg (Workshop Theresa Trummler, M.Sc. supervisor) Konstantin Vachnadze, M.Sc. Detlef Mänz Jianhang Wang, M.Sc. Hans-Jürgen Zirngibl

Publications 2016

■ Azarnykh, D., Litvinov, S., Bian, X., Adams, N.A: ■ Luo, J., Hu, X.Y. , Adams, N.A.: Curvature boundary &GVGTOKPCVKQPQHOCETQUEQRKEVTCPURQTVEQGHƄ- condition for a moving contact line; Journal of cients of a dissipative particle dynamics solvent; Computational Physics; Volume 310, April 01, 2016, Physical Review E – Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft RR|&1+LLER Matter Physics; Volume 93, Issue 1, 11 January ■ .WQ,*W:;#FCOU0#'HƄEKGPVHQTOWNCVKQP 2016, article number 013302; DOI: 10.1103/Phys- of scale separation for multi-scale modeling of RevE.93.013302 KPVGTHCEKCNƅQYU,QWTPCNQH%QORWVCVKQPCN2J[UKEU ■ Azarnykh, D., Litvinov, S., Adams, N.A.: Numerical 8QNWOG/CTEJRR|&1+ methods for the weakly compressible generalized 10.1016/j.jcp.2015.11.044 Langevin model in Eulerian reference frame; Journal ■ Pasquariello, V., Hammerl, G., Örley, F., Hickel, S., of Computational Physics; Volume 314, June 01, Danowski, C., Popp, A., Wall, W.A., Adams, N.A.: RR|&1+LLER #EWVEGNNƄPKVGXQNWOGsƄPKVGGNGOGPVEQWRNKPI ■ Bartasevicius, J., Buzica, A., Breitsamter, C.: CRRTQCEJHQTƅWKFUVTWEVWTGKPVGTCEVKQPKPEQO- Discrete vortices on delta wings with unsteady RTGUUKDNGƅQY,QWTPCNQH%QORWVCVKQPCN2J[UKEU leading-edge blowing; 8th AIAA Flow Control Con- 8QNWOG(GDTWCT[RR|&1+ HGTGPEG9CUJKPIVQP7PKVGF5VCVGU|,WPG 10.1016/j.jcp.2015.12.013 2016-17 June 2016; code 175889 ■ Schranner, F.S. , Hu, X. , Adams, N.A.: On the ■ Dillmann, A., Heller, G., Krämer, E., Wagner, C., convergence of the weakly compressible sharp- Breitsamter, C.: New results in numerical and KPVGTHCEGOGVJQFHQTVYQRJCUGƅQYU,QWTPCNQH GZRGTKOGPVCNƅWKFOGEJCPKEU:%QPVTKDWVKQPUVQ Computational Physics; Volume 324, 1 November the 19th STAB/DGLR symposium Munich, Germany, RR| 2014; Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and ■ Schranner, F.S., Rozov, V., Adams, N.A.: Optimi- Multidisciplinary Design; Volume 132, 2016; DOI: zation of an implicit large-eddy simulation method 10.1007/978-3-319-27279-5 HQTWPFGTTGUQNXGFKPEQORTGUUKDNGƅQYUKOWNCVKQPU ■ Dillmann, A., Heller, G., Krämer, E., Wagner, C., #+##,QWTPCN8QNWOG+UUWGRR| Breitsamter, C.: Preface; Notes on Numerical Fluid 1577; DOI: 10.2514/1.J054741 Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design; Volume ■ 9KPVGT/$TGKVUCOVGT%'HƄEKGPVWPUVGCF[ RR|XXKK aerodynamic loads prediction based on nonlinear ■ Egerer, C.P.; Schmidt, S.J.; Hickel, S.; Adams, N.A.: U[UVGOKFGPVKƄECVKQPCPFRTQRGTQTVJQIQPCN 'HƄEKGPVKORNKEKV.'5OGVJQFHQTVJGUKOWNCVKQPQH decomposition; Journal of Fluids and Structures; VWTDWNGPVECXKVCVKPIƅQYU,QWTPCNQH%QORWVCVKQPCN 8QNWOGRR|&1+L 2J[UKEU8QNWOG,WN[RR| LƅWKFUVTWEVU DOI: 10.1016/j.jcp.2016.04.021 ■ Winter, M., Breitsamter, C.: Neurofuzzy-model- ■ Fu, L., Hu, X.Y., Adams, N.A.: A family of high-order based unsteady aerodynamic computations across VCTIGVGF'01UEJGOGUHQTEQORTGUUKDNGƅWKF varying freestream conditions; AIAA Journal; simulations; Journal of Computational Physics; 8QNWOG+UUWGRR|&1+ Volume 305, January 15, 2016; DOI: 10.1016/j. 10.2514/1.J054892 jcp.2015.10.037 ■ 9KPVGT/$TGKVUCOVGT%'HƄEKGPVOQFGNKPI ■ Grawunder, M., Reß, R., Stein, V., Breitsamter, C., of generalized aerodynamic forces across Mach #FCOU0#8CNKFCVKQPQHCƅQYUKOWNCVKQPHQTC regimes using neuro-fuzzy approaches; Notes on helicopter fuselage including a rotating rotor head; Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidis- &GUKIP8QNWOGRR|&1+ EKRNKPCT[&GUKIP8QNWOGRR| 10.1007/978-3-319-27279-5_41 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27279-5_27 ■ You, J.H., Breitsamter, C., Heger, R.: Numerical ■ Hu, X.Y.: Simple gradient-based error-diffusion investigations of Fenestron™ noise characteristics method; Journal of Electronic Imaging, DOI: using a hybrid method; CEAS Aeronautical Journal; 10.1117/1.JEI.25.4.043029; Volume 25, Issue 4, 8QNWOG+UUWG,WPGRR|&1+ |,WN[CTVKENGPWODGT 10.1007/s13272-015-0180-1 ■ Kölzsch, A., Blanchard, S., Breitsamter, C.: Dynamic ■ Zwerger, C., Hickel, S., Breitsamter, C., Adams, N.: CEVWCVKQPHQTFGNVCYKPIRQUVUVCNNƅQYEQPVTQN Wall modeled large eddy simulation of a delta wing Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidis- with round leading edge; Notes on Numerical Fluid EKRNKPCT[&GUKIP8QNWOGRR| Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design; Volume DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27279-5_72 RR|&1+ 27279-5_53

Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics 81 Ergonomics

&GƄPKVKQPCPFGXCNWCVKQPQHJWOCPOCEJKPGKPVGTCEVKQPCPFCPVJTQRQOGVTKENC[QWV QHVGEJPKECNU[UVGOU5CHGV[GHƄEKGPE[QHWUGCPFWUGTUCVKUHCEVKQP

■ The focus of the Chair of Ergonomics in 2016 was to further increase the activities in the area of cooperative interaction between human and vehicle or human and robots on a global level. National and international funded project proposals were successful to continue the fundamental research at the institute.

The second focus was to intensify the for manual handling tasks and a new development and research activities on collaborative system. The increasing industry and mobility 4.0 (Industrie und digitalization makes it possible to rethink Mobilität 4.0). Regarding this, the institute human-machine interaction. Automated had research activities in production vehicle guidance also shows questions Prof. Dr. phil. ergonomics. The resulting approach of regarding cooperation between different Klaus Bengler user-oriented assistance has now been road users. The simulators at the Chair of implemented in the form of different Ergonomics help to answer these research Contact prototypes, for example an exoskeleton questions.

www.ergonomie.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.15388 KobotAERGO – Adaptive Collaborative Robots as Age-adjusted Companion for an Ergonomic and Flexible Material Handling

of manually-operated manipulators on the one hand and the precision, pro- grammability, path guidance and power CORNKƄECVKQPQHCPKPFWUVTKCNTQDQVQPVJG other. Previous Cobot developments (e.g. intelligent assist devices, IADs) served as the basis for the development of adaptive, adaptable, cooperative system concepts. A human-centered design approach was used in the project KobotAERGO to investigate the adaptability of new Cobot systems and the design of ergonomic admittance control strategies for haptic human-robot collaborations. Goal of the project was to provide an opti- OCNCPFƅGZKDNGCFCRVCVKQPQHVJG%QDQV KobotAERGO demonstrator – Collaborative robots, also known as to the physical abilities and needs of each force amplifying intelligent assist Cobots, represent handling systems that KPFKXKFWCNKPVJGƄGNFQHUGPUQTKOQVQTCPF device for panoramic sunroof assembly (Reference: Fraunhofer combine characteristics of industrial cognitive skills. In the context of a simple +2--QDQV#'4)1 robots and manually-operated manip- and natural, intuitive, transparent, and ulators (e.g. balancers). The goal of interactive process-oriented operation. these novel solutions is to combine the Results of all human factors related respective advantages of each other and studies can be found in the publications of close the gap between their system limits; Schmidtler et al. (https://www.lfe.mw.tum. easy physical interaction and low cost de/author/schmidtler/).

82 Ergonomics .KHVKPI#KFs&GXGNQROGPVCPF8GTKƄECVKQPQH Body-worn Lifting Equipment for Work Support

industry. The Chair of Ergonomics at the Technical University of Munich represented one of six partners in an interdisciplinary team and had the following aims within the project. Based on a detailed task analysis and the simulation of the lifting activities in the laboratory using a motion capture system, the requirements for a body-worn lifting aid were translated KPVQCVGEJPKECNURGEKƄECVKQPD[VJG As a result of demographic change, new Chair of Ergonomics. In addition to the assistance systems are presently becom- requirements for a low input load of the ing increasingly important for people. system on the human body, an anthropo- An advantage of the use of assistance metric adjustability of the exoskeleton to U[UVGOUKPVJGƄGNFQHOCPWCNJCPFNKPIKU anthropometric requirements of different to reduce the loads acting on the human users was required. For this purpose, a body. At the same time, the working corresponding size catalog was devel- conditions of manual activities can be oped. Moreover, an intuitive interface improved by such a system and the for human-machine interaction was possibility guarantees injury-free work. developed and aspects such as comfort, Thus, older people can work longer in robustness and usability were taken into their profession. These advantages can account. The assistance system for easier be combined in an ergonomic body-worn handling of loads was evaluated in the lifting aid. last step of the project with regard to its In the context of the three-year research usability. In addition, to analyze the stress project ‘Lifting Aid’, which was funded acting on the human body, the method of by the Federal Ministry of Education and indirect calorimetry was used. 4GUGCTEJCPFYCUƄPKUJGFKPC Further information and results regarding prototype of an assistance system was the project ‘Lifting Aid’ and the related developed to provide optimized working studies can be found in the publications conditions for workers in the logistics of Knott et al. (https://www.lfe.mw. tum.de/author/knott/).

Prototype of the body-worn lifting aid (Reference: Chair of 'TIQPQOKEU67/

Ergonomics 83 UDASim – Global Discomfort Assessment for Vehicle Passengers by Simulation

passengers by simulation‘]), funded by the German Ministry of Education and Re- search (BMBF), was to provide objective and reproducible seat discomfort assess- ments by combining three different digital human models (DHMs). Since seat discom- fort depends on multiple relevant parame- ters (e.g. pressure distribution, joint angles, and muscle activity) whose correlations are WPMPQYPCPCTVKƄEKCNPGWTCNPGVYQTM #00  to predict seating discomfort was imple- mented using the computational results of the DHMs as input. A large-scale subject study was con- ducted after implementing possibilities for the exchange of information between the multi-body system AnyBody, the FE-model CASIMIR and the 3D-CAD human model RAMSIS. The study provided information for the DHMs to simulate the subjects and test conditions. Functional principle of UDASim The reduction of car seat discomfort is a The ANN was trained using the simulation 4GHGTGPEG7NJGTT#$GPINGT must-have nowadays. To date, discomfort results and subjectively stated global K. (2014). Global Discomfort Assessment for Vehicle Passen- assessments were always time consuming discomfort values. New data sets were gers by Simulation (UDASim). In and usually conducted in the later phases used for the validation of the implemented Proceedings of 3rd International &KIKVCN*WOCP/QFGNKPI5[ORQ- of development as prototypes are needed ANN. UKWO&*/ in order to conduct such evaluations. To The project UDASim showed that the ANN reduce the associated time and costs, an is a promising approach to determine assessment of seating discomfort within seat discomfort using DHMs but further the virtual design phase is required. investigations and interpretations are The aim of the project UDASim (‘Umfas- necessary. Further information and results sende Diskomfortbewertung für Autoin- can be found in the publications of Ulherr sassen durch Simulation’ [Eng. meaning: et al. (https://www.lfe.mw.tum.de/author/ ‘Global discomfort assessment for vehicle ulherr/).

ASHAD – Automation and Society: In the Case of Highly Automated Driving

While many research projects work six chairs of the Technical University of intensively on technical solutions for Munich participated in this project (Chair highly automated driving, the interaction of Ergonomics, Chair for Information QHVGEJPQNQI[CPFUQEKGV[KPVJKUURGEKƄE Systems, Chair for Strategy and Organ- context is mostly unknown. In order to ization, Chair of Research and Science address these socio-technical questions, Management, Peter Löscher Chair of in 2013, the three-year project ‘Auto- Business Ethics and Chair of Mathemat- mation and Society: The Case of Highly ical Statistics). From the perspective of Automated Driving’ (ASHAD) was initiated these different disciplines and with the by the Munich Center of Technology in aid of varying methodical approaches, the Society (MCTS). Doctoral candidates from doctoral candidates worked together in

84 Ergonomics QTFGTVQGZCOKPGURGEKƄECURGEVUQHVJG were assessed. Results showed that the technical impacts of automated vehicles EQPVCEVYKVJCƅCYNGUUJKIJN[CWVQOCVGF and corresponding decision making vehicle led to an increase in trust. Further, processes on society. the perception of automated vehicles As automated driving is currently not differed regarding age and gender. available for the society, general knowl- The results were presented and discussed edge about this technology is based on in a workshop together with representa- assumptions. In the context of this project, tives from academia, public authorities the Chair of Ergonomics evaluated, and industry. how the perception of these systems Results of all human factors related changes once automated driving can be studies can be found in the publications of experienced. For this purpose, studies Feldhütter et al. (https://www.lfe.mw.tum. in the driving simulator were conducted. de/author/feldhuetter/) and Gold et al. Attributes, such as trust in automation or (https://www.lfe.mw.tum.de/author/gold/). safety gain due to the automated system,

IMAGinE – Intelligent Maneuver Automation – Cooperative Hazard Avoidance in Real Time

The collaborative research project IMAGinE (Intelligent maneuver automa- tion – cooperative hazard avoidance in real time) will develop new and innovative assistance systems which will support the cooperative driving of the future. Project IMAGinE (Reference: Consortium IMAGinE)

To realize the potential for cooperation The project will run for four years – begin- between vehicles and between vehicles ning on September 1, 2016. The IMAGinE and infrastructure, major technological consortium is formed by twelve renowned challenges need to be solved. IMAGinE companies and research institutions in will take on these challenges by – for the Germany: ƄTUVVKOGsKORNGOGPVKPIEQOOWPKECVKQP Adam Opel AG (project coordinator), BMW protocols for automated information AG, Continental Teves AG & Co. oHG, exchange in real time, as well as the align- Daimler AG, Hessen Mobil – Straßen- und ment and the decision-making processes Verkehrsmanagement, IPG Automotive between intelligent systems and drivers. GmbH, MAN Truck & Bus AG, Nordsys While the research project is organized GmbH, Robert Bosch GmbH, Technical (vertically) along six sub-projects, its University of Munich, Volkswagen AG, contribution to current and future research Würzburger Institut für Verkehrswissen- GPFGCXQTUKPVJGƄGNFQHEQPPGEVGFCPF schaften GmbH. assisted driving becomes visible (horizon- VCNN[ VJTQWIJƄXGEQTGKPPQXCVKQPU

■ Cooperative functions ■ Shared environment perception model ■ Communication mechanism for co - operative behavior ■ Simulation environment for cooperative driving maneuvers ■ Human-machine interaction

Ergonomics 85 5#(#4+s5OCTVRJQPG6TCHƄE.KIJVU#UUKUVCPV Based on Floating Car Data

6JGOCKPRTQDNGOQHVTCHƄENKIJVUCUUKU- their long product lifetime, are unlikely tance is the effort needed to upgrade the upgraded within decades. And even in the KPHTCUVTWEVWTG'URGEKCNN[VTCHƄENKIJVUYKVJ case of maintenance, it is questionable if public authorities or industry (car manu- facturers) will or want to pay for additional functionality. The project tries to generate the required VTCHƄENKIJVFCVCHTQOƅQCVKPIECTFCVC The focus is on rural roads due to their suitability: The large distance between VTCHƄENKIJVUGPCDNGUWUGTUVQWUGKPHQT- mation, the speed range for adaptions is NCTIGTVJGVTCHƄEFGPUKV[CPFEQORNGZKV[ is normally sparse (compared to urban VTCHƄE CPFXWNPGTCDNGTQCFWUGTU RGFGU trians, cyclists) are rare. +PCƄGNFVGUVVJGIGPGTCVGFFCVCYKNNDG #DQWVMODGHQTGVJGPGZVVTCHƄENKIJV 4GHGTGPEG%JCKTQH'TIQPQOKEU67/ tested and evaluated on some connected rural roads via a public smartphone application. In evaluations data are also transmitted via Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB). The hybrid transmission via TPEG (mobile networks/DAB) should improve data availability. The project is funded by the Bavarian Research Foundation. Project partners: ■ TRANSVER GmbH (project manage- OGPVVTCHƄECNIQTKVJOU ■ bmt — Bayerische Medien Technik GmbH (data transmission) ■ Institute of Ergonomics, Technical #VVJGVTCHƄENKIJV 4GHGTGPEG%JCKTQH'TIQPQOKEU67/ University of Munich (driver information)

Research Focus Competence ■ Digital human modeling for ergonomic ■ Interdisciplinary research approach anthropometric workplace layout, ■ Development of evaluation meth- products and cars ods, models and implementation of ■ Biomechanics modeling of forces and interaction concepts in the area of motions anthropo metry/biomechanics as well as ■ Investigation and design of human- cognitive ergonomics machine interaction ■ Investigation of concepts for interaction in cooperative systems ■ Development of measurement metrics ■ Research on motivational aspects of user behavior

86 Ergonomics Infrastructure Stephanie Cramer M.Sc. ■ Static driving simulator mockup Dipl.-Ing. André Dietrich ■ Static driving simulator (360° fov) Anna Feldhütter M.Sc. ■ Modular ergonomic mockup Dipl.-Ing. Ilja Feldstein M.Sc. ■ Remote and head-mounted eye Tanja Fuest M.Sc. trackers Joel Gonçalves M.Sc. ■ Pupil dilation measurement equipment Dipl.-Ing. Patrick Gontar ■ VICON motion capturing system Dipl.-Ing. Martin Götze ■ CAPTIV motion analysis system Jennifer Hebe M.Sc. ■ Seating lab Benjamin Heckler M.Sc. ■ Seat test dummy Oliver Jarosch M.Sc. ■ Driver distraction usability lab Ralf Kassirra ■ Climate chamber Dipl.-Ing. Philipp Kerschbaum ■ Biomechanical laboratory Dipl.-Ing. Verena Knott ■ Cardiopulmonary exercise testing Dipl.-Psych. Moritz Körber ■ Industrial Robot – Reis RV16 Dipl.-Ing. Michael Krause M.Sc. ■ Virtual Reality lab Dipl.-Ing. Alexander Lange Dipl. Wirtsch.-Ing. Christian Lehsing M.Sc. Courses Sebastian Müller M.Sc. ■ Arbeitswissenschaft/Ergonomie Kamil Omozik M.Sc. ■ Produktergonomie Sebastianus Petermeijer M.Sc. ■ Produktionsergonomie Lisa Pfannmüller M.Sc. ■ Softwareergonomie Dipl.-Inf. Severina Popova-Dlugosch ■ Menschliche Zuverlässigkeit Johannes Potzy M.Sc. ■ Human Factors – Ergonomie Lorenz Prasch M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Jonas Radlmayr Management Jakob Reinhardt M.Sc. Prof. Dr. phil. Klaus Bengler, Director Dipl.-Ing. Christoph Rommerskirchen Lisa Rücker M.Eng. Visiting Professor Dipl.-Ing. Jonas Schmidtler Prof. Dr. ir. Riender Happee Dipl.-Ing. Sebastian Smykowski Michael Stecher M.Sc. Administrative Staff Dipl.-Ing. Annika Ulherr Ioana Bolocan Dipl.-Inf. Nadine Walter Simona Chiritescu-Kretsch M.A. Matthias Walter M.Sc. Doris Herold Veronika Weinbeer M.Sc. Julia Fridgen Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Weißgerber Elfriede Graupensberger Dipl.-Ing. Tom Winkle Oliver Winzer M.Sc. Research Scientists Yucheng Yang M.Sc. Dr.-Ing. Herbert Rausch Dipl.-Medieninf. Markus Zimmermann Dipl.-Ing. Martin Albert Carmen Aringer M.A. Technical Staff Benedikt Brück M.Sc. Michael Arzberger Dipl.-Ing. Ingrid Bubb Heribert Hart Antonia Conti M.Sc. Robert Papist

Ergonomics 87 Publications 2016

■ Bubb, H. (2016). Ergonomie: Kapitel 6.4.1. In S. ■ Knott, V., Demmelmair, S., & Bengler, K. (2016). Dis- Pischinger & U. Seiffert (Eds.), SpringerLink: Bücher. play Concepts for the Vehicle: The Comparison of 8KGYGI*CPFDWEJ-TCHVHCJT\GWIVGEJPKM VJ|GF an ‘Emissive Projection Display’ and a Conventional RR| 9KGUDCFGP5RTKPIGT8KGYGI Head-Up Display. In B. Deml, P. Stock, R. Bruder, & ■ Bubb, H., Popova-Dlugosch, S., & Breuninger, J. C. M. Schlick (Eds.), Advances in ergonomic design (2016). Ergonomische Produktgestaltung. In U. of systems, products and processes. Proceedings Lindemann (Ed.), Handbuch Produktentwicklung QHVJG#PPWCN/GGVKPIQH)H# RR|  RR| /ØPEJGP%CTN*CPUGT8GTNCI Heidelberg: Springer Vieweg. ■ Feldhütter, A., Gold, C., Hüger, A., & Bengler, K. ■ Knott, V., Wiest, A., & Bengler, K. (2016). Repetitive (2016). Trust in Automation as a Matter of Media Lifting Tasks in Logistics – Effects on Humans at +PƅWGPEGCPF'ZRGTKGPEGQH#WVQOCVGF8GJKENGU+P Different Lifting Task Durations. In Proceedings of Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES) Society (HFES) 2016. 60th Annual Meeting 2016 VJ#PPWCN/GGVKPI RR|  RR| 5#)',QWTPCNU SAGE Journals. ■ Feldhütter, A., Gold, C., Schneider, S., & Bengler, ■ Körber, M., Gold, C., Lechner, D., & Bengler, K. K. (2016). How Duration of Automated Driving  6JG+PƅWGPEGQH#IG1P6JG6CMG1XGT +PƅWGPEGU6CMG1XGT2GTHQTOCPEGCPF)C\G Of Vehicle Control In Highly Automated Driving. Behavior. In Gesellschaft für Arbeitswissenschaft 6TCPURQTVCVKQP4GUGCTEJ2CTV(6TCHƄE2U[EJQNQI[ e. V. (GfA) (Ed.), Arbeit in komplexen Systemen. and Behaviour, Vol. 39, 19-32. doi:10.1016/j. Digital, vernetzt, human?! Dortmund: GfA Press. trf.2016.03.002 ■ Feldstein, I., Dietrich, A., Milinkovic, S., Bengler, ■ Körber, M., Radlmayr, J., & Bengler, K. (2016). K., Feldstein, I., Dietrich, A., Bengler, K. (2016). A Bayesian Highest Density Intervals of Take-Over Pedestrian Simulator for Urban Crossing Scenarios. Times for Highly Automated Driving in Different In J. A. De La Puente (Ed.), Proceedings of the 6TCHƄE&GPUKVKGU+P2TQEGGFKPIUQHVJG*WOCP 13th IFAC Symposium on Analysis, Design, and Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES) 2016. 60th Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems HMS 2016 #PPWCN/GGVKPI 8QNRR|  8QNVJGFRR| 'NUGXKGT+(#% SAGE Journals. ■ Feldstein, I., Lehsing, C., Dietrich, A., & Bengler, K. ■ Krause, M., Henel, J., & Bengler, K. (2016). Per-  2GFGUVTKCP5KOWNCVQTUHQT6TCHƄE4GUGCTEJ formance and Behavior of a Codriver When Using State of the Art and Future of a Motion Lab. In a Mobile Device. In Gesellschaft für Arbeitswis- Proceedings of the 4th International Digital Human senschaft e. V. (GfA) (Ed.), Arbeit in komplexen Modeling Symposium 2016. USB Stick. Systemen. Digital, vernetzt, human?! . Dortmund: ■ Gold, C., Körber, M., Lechner, D., & Bengler, K. GfA Press. (2016). Taking Over Control from Highly Automated ■ Krause, M., Fourati, W., & Bengler, K. (2016). 8GJKENGUKP%QORNGZ6TCHƄE5KVWCVKQPU6JG4QNGQH 4GNGCUKPIC6TCHƄE.KIJV#UUKUVCPEG#RRNKECVKQPHQT 6TCHƄE&GPUKV[*WOCP(CEVQTU6JG,QWTPCNQHVJG Public Testing. In M. Kurosu (Ed.), Proceedings of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Vol. 58(4), the 18th International Conference, HCI International, 642-652. Doi: 10.1177/0018720816634226 2016. Human-Computer Interaction. Novel User ■ Gontar, P., & Hoermann, H.-J. (2016). Interrater 'ZRGTKGPEGU 8QNRR| 5YKV\GTNCPF Reliability at the Top End: Measures of Pilots’ Springer International Publishing. Nontechnical Performance. The Journal of Aviation ■ Lehsing, C., Benz, T., & Bengler, K. (2016). Insights Psychology, 25(3-4), 171-190. doi:10.1080/1050841 into Interaction – Effects of Human-Human Interac- 4.2015.1162636 tion in Pedestrian Crossing Situations using a linked ■ Hölzel, C., & Bengler, K. (2016). Development and Simulator Environment. In J. A. De La Puente (Ed.), Evaluation of an Individually Adjusted Assembly Proceedings of the 13th IFAC Symposium on Anal- Aid. In Proceedings of the 4th International Digital ysis, Design, and Evaluation of Human-Machine Human Modeling Symposium 2016. USB Stick. 5[UVGOU*/5 8QNVJGFRR|  ■ Kassirra, R., & Rausch, H. (2016). Analyzing Elsevier, IFAC. Motivation-Enhancing Features in Work Orders. ■ Lindemann, U. (Ed.). (2016). Handbuch Produk- A Methodical Procedure for Analyzing Motivation- tentwicklung. München: Carl Hanser-Verlag. Enhancing Features in Written Work Orders. In ■ Radlmayr, J., Körber, M., Feldhütter, A., & Bengler, B. Deml, P. Stock, R. Bruder, & C. M. Schlick K. (2016). Methoden und Fahrermodelle für Hochau- (Eds.), Advances in ergonomic design of systems, tomatisiertes Fahren. In W. Klaffke (Ed.), Haus der products and processes. Proceedings of the Annual Technik. Methodenentwicklung für Aktive Sicherheit Meeting of GfA 2015. Heidelberg: Springer Vieweg. und Automatisiertes Fahren. 2. Expertendialog zu ■ Knott, V., & Bengler, K. (2016). Ergonomic User- Wirksamkeit – Beherrschbarkeit – Absicherung Interface of an Exoskeleton for Manual Handling RR| 4GPPKPIGT'ZRGTV8GTNCI)OD* Tasks – An Evaluation Study. In Proceedings of ■ Rücker, L., Brombach, J., & Bengler, K. (2016). the 4th International Digital Human Modeling Sitzen, Stehen, Gehen – Körperstellungswechsel Symposium 2016. USB Stick. auf dem Prüfstand. In Gesellschaft für Arbeitswis- ■ Knott, V., & Bengler, K. (2016). Konzept zur senschaft e. V. (GfA) (Ed.), Arbeit in komplexen ergonomischen Bedienung eines Exoskeletts für Systemen. Digital, vernetzt, human?! . Dortmund: die manuelle Lastenhandhabung. In Gesellschaft GfA Press. für Arbeitswissenschaft e. V. (GfA) (Ed.), Arbeit in ■ Schmidtler, J., & Bengler, K. (2016). Size-weight illu- komplexen Systemen. Digital, vernetzt, human?! sion in human-robot collaboration. In Proceedings Dortmund: GfA Press. of the 25th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN)  RR| 75#0;+'''

88 Ergonomics ■ Stecher, M., Kremser, F., Michel, B., & Zimmermann, A. (2016). Gesture Control for Commercial Vehicles – Methods for Identifying Useful Use Cases. In W. Hirschberg & P. Fischer (Eds.), Proceedings of the 7th Grazer Nutzfahrzeug Workshop. 2016. Proceed- ings of the 6th International Ergonomics Conference 2016. ■ Wichtl, M., Aringer, C., Rausch, H., & Ambros, W. (2016). How can SMEs be motivated to engage in the topic of agebased workplaces? Experiences CPFƄPFKPIUQHCRTQLGEVKP#WUVTKC+P2TQEGGFKPIU of the 6th International Ergonomics Conference  RR|  ■ Winkle, T. (2016). Development and Approval of Automated Vehicles: Considerations of Technical, Legal and Economic Risks. In M. Maurer, J. C. Gerdes, B. Lenz, & H. Winner (Eds.), Autonomous Driving. Technical, Legal and Social Aspects RR| $GTNKP*GKFGNDGTI5RTKPIGT$GTNKP Heidelberg. ■ 9KPMNG6  5CHGV[$GPGƄVUQH#WVQOCVGF Vehicles: Extended Findings from Accident Research for Development, Validation and Testing. In M. Maurer, J. C. Gerdes, B. Lenz, & H. Winner (Eds.), Autonomous Driving. Technical, Legal and 5QEKCN#URGEVU RR| $GTNKP*GKFGNDGTI Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Ergonomics 89 Bioseparation Engineering

2TQEGUUFGXGNQROGPVCPFKPVGPUKƄECVKQPRCTVKENGVGEJPQNQI[CFUQTRVKQPƄNVTCVKQPCPFGZVTCEVKQP

■ The Bioseparation Engineering Group deals with different aspects of VJGKUQNCVKQPCPFRWTKƄECVKQPQHDKQOQNGEWNGUHQTVJGRJCTOCEGWVKECNQT EJGOKECNKPFWUVT[9GCTGHQEWUGFQPCFUQTRVKQPƄNVTCVKQPCPFGZVTCEVKQP as separation methods as well as their integration into the production RTQEGUU+PCFFKVKQPVQVJGGZRGTKOGPVCNCRRTQCEJGUYGWUG%1/51. and COSMO-RS for modelling and simulation.

#UOGODGTQHVJGUEKGPVKƄEEQOOKVVGG took place in Salzburg, Austria. For 2018 Prof. Berensmeier provided two scien- Prof. Berensmeier will act as conference VKƄEEQPHGTGPEGUKP+P/CTEJVJG chair of the ISPPP. UV|+PFWUVTKCN$KQVGEJPQNQI[(QTWO +$(  As from October 2016 we welcome Prof. Dr. was located at the Technical University Priyanka Padwal, Ph.D. from the Indian Sonja Berensmeier of Munich. In autumn the International Institute of Technology Bombay (ITB) as Symposium on the Separation of Proteins, a TUM University Foundation Fellow. Contact Peptides and Polynucleotides (ISPPP)

www.biovt.mw.tum.de/ selektive-trenntechnik [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.15750 New Stationary Phases

New stationary phases are essential in bioseparation sciences; classical phases are already well developed and reach their limits. The Bioseparation Engineering Group is specialized in synthesis and functionalization of magnetic particles and conductive materials as well as their process implementation. Making use of magnetism or conductivity allows for an additional degree of freedom for state-of- the-art process development.

Projects ■ AiF/IFG Project – Synthesis, characteri- +OOQDKNK\GFGP\[OGUQPOCIPGVKEPCPQRCTVKENGUHQT zation and application of new stationary cellulose hydrolysis. Source: Dipl.-Ing. Christian Roth phases for potential-controlled chroma- tography

Functional Interfaces

In separation sciences the interaction of concerning robustness, reproducibility, particulate carriers among each other and and scalability. All these aspects are main to target molecules is essential for process focus topics of our projects. development. Selective interactions as well as high binding capacities of target Projects molecules to solid phases determine the ■ BMBF Biotechnology 2020+ initiative ƄPCNRWTKV[CPF[KGNFCPFVJGTGHQTGVJG – rational design of peptide-surface 5VTWEVWTGQH2CZENKVCEGN FTWIVQ quality in whole of the separation step. interactions treat cancer) In contrast, uncontrolled aggregation of ■ Development of new stationary phases 5QWTEG.LWDQOKT)TQ\FGX/5E particles decreases process performance HQTCPVKDQF[RWTKƄECVKQP

90 Bioseparation Engineering Process Development

In addition to the optimization of classical downstream processes new innovative separation techniques as well as integra- ted process concepts are subjects under research. A focus area is the research on high-gradient magnetic separation and membrane assisted extraction with a focus on viscous media with highly solid content.

Projects ■ BMBF Project – new enzyme recycling strategies in industrial processes ■ BMBF e:Bio initiative – SysBioTerp – innovative strategies for a sustainable production of bioactive molecules ■ BMBF Project – multiscale simulation for electrochemical separation pro- *KIJITCFKGPVOCIPGVKEUGRCTCVQT cesses Source: Astrid Eckert & Andreas *GFFGTIQVV

Research Focus Infrastructure ■ Downstream processing ■ S1 – Labs (working with genetically ■ Bioprocess integration OQFKƄGFOKETQQTICPKUOUsUCHGV[ ■ High-gradient magnetic separation NGXGN| ■ New magnetic or conductive particles ■ Parallel bioreactor system ■ Optimization of chromatographic ■ High-gradient magnetic separator processes (HGMS) ■ Biomolecule surface interaction ■ &KXGTUGEJTQOCVQITCRJ[CPFƄNVTCVKQP ■ Extraction systems ■ Particle-/surface analytics (DLS, BET, Competence RAMAN, TGA-MS, DSC, contact angle, ■ Synthesis and characterization of nano- tensiometry) and microparticles ■ HPLC systems ■ Surface functionalization ■ Magnetic separation and automation Courses ■ Fermentation ■ Bioseparation Engineering I + II ■ Molecular biology, microbiology, ■ Biotechnology for Engineers biochemistry ■ Practical Training on Bioprocess ■ Simulation with COSMO-RS, COMSOL Engineering Multiphysics, and SuperPro Designer ■ Practical Training on Particular Nano- technology ■ Practical Training on Preparative Chromatography

Bioseparation Engineering 91 Management Silvia Blank, M.Sc. Prof. Dr. Sonja Berensmeier, Director Markus Brammen, M.Sc. Kerstin Dieler, M.Sc. Administrative Staff Ljubomir Grozdev, M.Sc. Mrs. Susanne Kuchenbaur, Team Assistant Lars Janoschek, M.Sc. Veronika Schömig, M.Sc. Research Scientists Sebastian Schwaminger, M.Sc. Dr. Paula Fraga Garcia Dr. Constanze Finger Technical Staff Priyanka Padwal, Ph.D. Stefan Darchinger, BTA

Peer-reviewed Publications 2016

■ Schömig VJ, Käsdorf BT, Scholz C, Bidmon K, Reviews .KGNGI1$GTGPUOGKGT5#PQRVKOK\GFRWTKƄECVKQP ■ Peuker U, Thomas O, Hobley T, Franzreb M, process for porcine gastric mucin with preservation Berensmeier S, Schäfer M, Hickstein B: Biosepara- of its native functional properties. RSC Advances, tion, Magnetic particle adsorbents, book chapter, 6(50), 44932-44943, 2016. Encyclopedia of Industrial Biotechnology, John ■ Roth HC, Schwaminger SP, Peng F, Berensmeier S: Wiley & Sons, 2010. Immobilization of Cellulase on Magnetic Nanocarri- ■ Heyd M, Kohnert A, Tan T-H, Nusser M, Kirschhöfer ers. ChemistryOpen, 5(3), 183-187, 2016. F, Brenner-Weiss G, Franzreb M, Berensmeier S: ■ Roth HC, Schwaminger S, Fraga García P, Ritscher Development and trends of biosurfactans analysis J, Berensmeier S: Oleate coating of iron oxide CPFRWTKƄECVKQPWUKPITJCOPQNKRKFUCUGZCORNG nanoparticles in aqueous systems: the role of review, Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 391(5), 1579-1590, temperature and surfactant concentration. Journal 2008. of Nanoparticle Research, 18(4), 99, 2016. ■ Berensmeier S: Magnetic particles for separation ■ Roth HC, Prams A, Lutz M, Ritscher J, Raab CPFRWTKƄECVKQPQHPWENGKECEKFOQNGEWNGUTGXKGY M, Berensmeier S: A High-Gradient Magnetic Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 73, 495-504, 2006. Separator for Highly Viscous Process Liquors in Industrial Biotechnology. Chemical Engineering and Technology, 39(3), 469-476, 2016.

92 Bioseparation Engineering Wind Energy

Wind energy technology

■ The Wind Energy Institute (WEI) concentrates its research activities on HQWTJKIJN[KPVGTEQPPGEVGFVJTWUVCTGCUUKOWNCVKQPVGUVKPIEQPVTQNCPF FGUKIP6JGKPUVKVWVGYQTMUDQVJQPDCUKEUEKGPVKƄECPFCRRNKECVKQPQTKGP- VGFRTQDNGOUQHVGPKPENQUGEQNNCDQTCVKQPYKVJKPFWUVT[#TGCUQHURGEKƄE GZRGTVKUGGODTCEGCNNOCKPTGNGXCPVUEKGPVKƄEFKUEKRNKPGUKPENWFKPICGTQ- F[PCOKEUUVTWEVWTGUF[PCOKEUOCVGTKCNUEQPVTQNUCPFGNGEVTKECNCURGEVU

The international conference ‘The Science with respect to the 2014 event, saw the of Making Torque from Wind’ (TORQUE presentation of over 140 oral papers and 2016) was organized by WEI at the almost 170 posters, which have all been Garching TUM Campus on October 5-7, published in the open-access Journal of 2016, under the auspices of the European Physics – Conference Series. A special Prof. Dr. Academy of Wind Energy (EAWE). More issue of selected papers is currently under Carlo L. Bottasso than 530 researchers from 29 different preparation for publication in Wind Energy countries discussed the latest advance- 5EKGPEGVJGPGY'#9'ƅCIUJKRLQWTPCN Contact ments in wind energy science. The con- of which Prof. Bottasso is one of the www.wind.mw.tum.de ference, which grew by more than 60% founding Chief Editors. [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.16681

Scaled Wind Turbine and Wind Farm Testing

WEI has developed a scaled experi- mental facility for the simulation of wind turbines and wind farms in a boundary layer wind tunnel. This unique facility enables the conduction of experiments in aeroservoelasticity, the study of wakes, machine-to-machine interactions, and wind farm control for power maximization and load mitigation. The facility is highly instrumented, allowing for the collection of a wide range of high quality data, DQVJTGICTFKPIVJGƅQYEQPFKVKQPUCPF the response of the machines. Such FCVCECPDGWUGFHQTVJGXGTKƄECVKQPQH performance of control strategies, as well as the validation of computational tools. 6JGGZRGTKOGPVCNUGVWRKUJKIJN[ƅGZKDNG +PGCTN[9'+EQPFWEVGFVJGƄTUVGXGT Scaled wind farm in a boundary UWRRQTVKPIFKHHGTGPVOCEJKPGEQPƄIWTC- experimental demonstration of close-loop layer wind tunnel tions and operational scenarios, as well as wake-redirection control. In this wind the testing of different control algorithms tunnel test, a cluster of three wind turbines used on board the individual wind turbines was operated in a coordinated manner, or the whole wind farm. leading to an improvement in their overall

.KXKUWCNK\CVKQPQHVJGƅQY without (left) and with (right) wind farm control

Wind Energy 93 Floating offshore cluster concept (left) and wind tunnel model (right) power output of 15%. This successful Projects experiment led to the award to WEI of the ■ EU H2020 project ‘CL-WINDCON – 2016 Bayerischer Energiepreis, in recog- Closed Loop Wind Farm Control’ nition of its groundbreaking work in wind ■ BMWi project CompactWind ‘Erhöhung farm control. des Flächenenergieertrags in Wind- Another highlight of the year was the wind parks durch avancierte Anlagen- und tunnel testing of a wind turbine cluster Parkregelung’ made of four closely-spaced wind turbines ■ Industrial project ‘Wind Farm Control’ OQWPVGFQPCƅQCVKPIRNCVHQTOHQTFGGR ■ Industrial project ‘Development and QHHUJQTGKPUVCNNCVKQPU6JGVGUVUXGTKƄGF Testing of Scaled Offshore Wind advanced control laws for the operation of Turbine Models’ VJGƅQCVKPIENWUVGTKPENWFKPIGZVTGOGUGC ■ One Post-Doc position (MSE seed and wind conditions. funding)

Wind Sensing Technology

WEI develops technology for the use A highlight of the year was the develop- of wind turbines as wind sensors. By ment of a new algorithm that can identify the use of wind turbine response data, inverted vertical shears and the presence as provided by sensors installed on the of low level jets. The vertical wind shear blades or the nacelle, the technology provides useful information on the stability computes in real time the wind conditions of the atmosphere, which is an important at each machine, including wind speed, parameter for wind farm operation and wind direction, vertical and horizontal control. shear, wake state (full, partial, no wake interference) and turbulence intensity. Projects Such technology is capable of providing ■ BMWi project ‘WINSENT – Wind detailed information on the wind condi- Science and Engineering in Complex tions, in support of improved operation Terrains’ of each machine or the whole wind farm ■ Industrial project ‘Wind Estimation from through smart control strategies. This may Rotor Loads’ lead to improved power output and power ■ Industrial project ‘Vertical Wind Shear quality, and to fatigue load mitigation. Estimation from Rotor Loads’ The technology can also be used for very ■ H2020 ETN Project AWESOME ‘Wind short-time assessment and forecasting of Energy Operation and Maintenance’ 6JG67/)OQFGNYKPFVWTDKPG wind conditions within a wind farm, with ■ One Ph.D. position (Chinese Scholar- HGCVWTKPIRKVEJVQTSWGCPF[CY impact on operation and control of the ship Council) control power plant.

94 Wind Energy Design of Wind Turbines

WEI works on the development of automated multidisciplinary design software tools, with the goal of enabling the optimization of wind turbines, the effective exploration of the design space, the understanding of design trade-offs, as well as the evaluation of the impact of new technologies. Advancements in light- weight rotor design are being investigated through improvements in the aerodyna- mics, in the structural design and the use Finite element mesh of a of smart sensing and control strategies. composite wind turbine blade By the combination of these technologies, reduced ultimate and fatigue loads can allow for the automatic optimization of the be achieved and exploited to decrease EQORQUKVGOCVGTKCNUVQCURGEKƄEFGUKIP weight and improve performance, thereby +PUVGCFQHEJQQUKPICRTKQTKCURGEKƄE in turn reducing the cost of energy from composite, which is the currently-used wind. approach, Cp-Max is now capable of The methods developed at WEI are imple- automatically identifying the most appro- mented in the wind turbine design suite priate composite material within a given Cp-Max, a software that marries together ECVCNQIHQTVJGCRRNKECVKQPCVJCPFƄPFKPI the preliminary and detailed stages of the the best compromise between mechanical design of a wind turbine. Using Cp-Max, properties and cost. engineers can more rapidly and more automatically perform the full design cycle Projects of a new wind turbine, gaining a better ■ Industrial Ph.D. project ‘Design of Very understanding of the design space and of Large Light-Weight Rotors’ the trade-offs implied by different possible ■ TUM-Nanyang Technological University design choices. (Singapore) Ph.D. project ‘Bio-Inspired A highlight of the year was the incorpor- Wind Turbines for Monsoonal Climates’ ation of new features in Cp-Max that

Research Focus Competence ■ Modeling and simulation of wind energy ■ Multibody dynamics, computational systems OGEJCPKEUPQPNKPGCTƄPKVGGNGOGPV ■ Multidisciplinary design methods ■ Aeroservoelasticity, loads and stability ■ /QFGNTGFWEVKQPCPFU[UVGOKFGPVKƄEC- ■ Control of wind turbines and wind tion farms ■ Design and synthesis of model-based ■ Wind tunnel testing controllers ■ Operation and maintenance ■ Design and manufacturing of aeroelas- tically-scaled and actively controlled Infrastructure wind turbine models for wind tunnel ■ Scaled wind turbine and wind farm testing models ■ Data processing and analysis ■ Model building lab ■ Computational lab

Wind Energy 95 Courses Management ■ Introduction to Wind Energy Professor Dr. Carlo L. Bottasso, Director ■ Modeling, Control and Design of Wind Energy Systems Administrative Staff ■ Wind Turbine Simulation Elfriede Sabine Matzner ■ Wind Turbine Design ■ Wind Tunnel Testing of Wind Turbines Research Scientists ■ Aeroservoelasticity Marta Bertelé, M.Sc. Pietro Bortolotti, M.Sc. Stefano Cacciola, Ph.D. Filippo Campagnolo, Ph.D. Jaikumar Loganathan, M.Sc. Wendy Lopens, M.Sc. Emmanouil Nanos, M.Sc. Johannes Schreiber, M.Sc. Jiangang ‘Jesse’ Wang, M.Sc. Robin Weber, M.Sc.

Publications 2015-16

Book and Journal Editorship ■ C.L. Bottasso, A. Croce, F. Gualdoni, P. Montinari, ■ C.L. Bottasso, E. Bossanyi, T. Chaviaropoulos, ‘Load Mitigation in Wind Turbines by a Passive 29%JGPI4&G&QPEMGT-&[MGU&6)TKHƄVJ Aeroelastic Device’, Journal of Wind Engineering & M.H. Hansen, S. Ivanell, J. Jonkman, G. van Kuik, Industrial Aerodynamics, 148:57-69, doi:10.1016/j. M. Kühn, J. Mann, J. Meyers, M. Muskulus, A. Nat- jweia.2015.11.001, 2016. arajan, J. Peinke, F. Portè-Agel, P. Schaumann, J. ■ (%CORCIPQNQ82GVTQXKæ,5EJTGKDGT'/ Sørensen, J.-W. van Wingerden (Eds.), ‘The Science Nanos, A. Croce, C.L. Bottasso, ‘Wind Tunnel Test- of Making Torque from Wind 2016 (TORQUE KPIQHC%NQUGF.QQR9CMG&GƅGEVKQP%QPVTQNNGT 2016)’, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 753, doi:10.1088/1742- for Wind Farm Power Maximization’, J. Phys.: Conf. 6596/753, 2016. Ser. 753, 032006, doi:10.1088/17426596/753/3/ ■ C.L. Bottasso (Ed.), ‘Special Issue: Wind Turbine 032006, 2016. Modeling and Simulation’, Journal of Computational ■ S. Cacciola, M. Bertelè, J. Schreiber, C.L. Bottasso, and Nonlinear Dynamics, 10, ASME, The American ‘Wake Center Position Tracking using Downstream Society of Mechanical Engineers, Two Park Avenue Wind Turbine Hub Loads’, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 753, New York, NY, USA, doi:10.1115/1.4030072, 2015. 032036, doi:10.1088/17426596/753/3/032036, 2016. ■ H. Kim, K. Kim, I. Paek, C.L. Bottasso, F. Campa- Peer-reviewed Journals gnolo, ‘A Study on the Active Induction Control of Upstream Wind Turbines for Total Power Increases’, ■ R. Riva, S. Cacciola, C.L. Bottasso, ‘Periodic Stabi- J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 753, 032014, doi:10.1088/1742- lity Analysis of Wind Turbines Operating in Turbulent 6596/753/3/032014, 2016. Wind Conditions’, Wind Energy Science, 1:177-203, ■ J. Schreiber, S. Cacciola, F. Campagnolo, V. doi:10.5194/wes-1-177-2016, 2016. 2GVTQXKæ&/QWTGODNGU%.$QVVCUUQn9KPF ■ C.L. Bottasso, A. Croce, F. Gualdoni, P. Montinari, Shear Estimation and Wake Detection by Rotor C.E.D. Riboldi, ‘Articulated Blade Tip Devices for .QCFUt(KTUV9KPF6WPPGN8GTKƄECVKQPo,2J[U Load Alleviation on Wind Turbines’, Wind Energy Conf. Ser. 753, 032027, doi:10.1088/17426596/753/ Science, 1:297-310, doi:10.5194/wes-1-297-2016, 3/032027, 2016. 2016. ■ L. Sartori, P. Bortolotti, A. Croce, C.L. Bottasso, ■ P. Bortolotti, C.L. Bottasso, A. Croce, ‘Combined ‘Integration of Prebend Optimization in a Holistic Preliminary-Detailed Design of Wind Turbines’, Wind Wind Turbine Design Tool’, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 753, Energy Science, 1:71-88, doi:10.5194/wes-1-71- 062006, doi:10.1088/17426596/753/6/062006, 2016, 2016. 2016. ■ G.A.M. van Kuik, J. Peinke, R. Nijssen, D. Lekou, ■ A. Croce, L. Sartori, M.S. Lunghini, L. Clozza, P. J. Mann, J.N. Sørensen, C. Ferreira, J.W. van Bortolotti, C.L. Bottasso, ‘Lightweight Rotor Design Wingerden, D. Schlipf, P. Gebraad, H. Polinder, by Optimal Spar Cap Offset’, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. A. Abrahamsen, A., G.J.W. van Bussel, J.D. 753, 062003, doi:10.1088/17426596/753/6/062003, Sørensen, P. Tavner, C.L. Bottasso, M. Muskulus, 2016. D. Matha, H.J. Lindeboom, S. Degraer, O. Kramer, ■ P. Bortolotti, G. Adolphs, C.L. Bottasso, ‘A S. Lehnhoff, M. Sonnenschein, P.E. Sørensen, R.W. Methodology to Guide the Selection of Composite Künneke, P.E. Morthorst, K. Skytte, ‘Long-Term Materials in a Wind Turbine Rotor Blade Design Research Challenges in Wind Energy — A Research Process’, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 753, 062001, Agenda by the European Academy of Wind Energy’, doi:10.1088/1742-6596/753/6/062001, 2016. Wind Energy Science, 1:1-39, doi:10.5194/wes1-1- 2016, 2016.

96 Wind Energy ■ S. Sanchez Perez-Moreno, M.B. Zaaijer, C.L. Bot- International Conferences tasso, K. Dykes, K.O. Merz, P.-E. Rèthorè, F. Zahle, ■ (%CORCIPQNQ82GVTQXKæ'//CPQU%96CP ‘Roadmap to the Multidisciplinary Design Analysis C.L. Bottasso, I. Paek, H. Kim, K. Kim, ‘Wind Tunnel and Optimisation of Wind Energy Systems’, J. Testing of Power Maximization Control Strategies Phys.: Conf. Ser. 753, 062011, doi:10.1088/ Applied to a Multi-Turbine Floating Wind Power 1742-6596/753/6/062011, 2016. Platform’, ISOPE-2016, The 26th International ■ /(XCP&QQTGP/-ØJP82GVTQXKæ%. Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference, Rhodes, Bottasso, F. Campagnolo, M. Sjöholm, N. Angelou, Greece, June 26-July 1, 2016. T. Mikkelsen, A. Croce, A. Zasso, ‘Demonstration of ■ (%CORCIPQNQ82GVTQXKæ%.$QVVCUUQn%NQUGF Synchronised Scanning LiDAR Measurements of 2D Loop Wind Farm Control for Power Maximization by Velocity Fields in a Boundary-Layer Wind Tunnel’, 9CMG&GƅGEVKQP#9KPF6WPPGN5VWF[o9KPF(CTOU ,|2J[U%QPH5GTFQK 2016 Wind-Power Plants: Interaction, Control and 17426596/753/7/072032, 2016. Integration, Dallas, TX, USA, ■ S. Cacciola, I. Munduate Agud, C.L. Bottasso, May 23- 25, 2016. ‘Detection of Rotor Imbalance, Including Root ■ J. Schreiber, C.L. Bottasso, ‘Experimental Wake Cause, Severity and Location’, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. Position Detection for Wind Farm Control by 753, 072003, doi:10.1088/17426596/753/7/072003, Analysis of Rotor Loads’, Proceedings of the 12th 2016. Ph.D. Seminar on Wind Energy in Europe, Lyngby, ■ A. Croce, F. Gualdoni, P. Montinari, C.E.D. Riboldi, Denmark, May 25-27, 2016. C.L. Bottasso, ‘Inertial and Aerodynamic Tuning ■ P. Bortolotti, C.L. Bottasso, ‘Development of a 3.4 of Passive Devices for Load Alleviation on Wind MW Reference Wind Turbine’, Proceedings of the Turbines’, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 753, 102005, 12th Ph.D. Seminar on Wind Energy in Europe, doi:10.1088/1742-6596/753/10/102005, 2016. Lyngby, Denmark, May 25-27, 2016. ■ R. Riva, S. Cacciola, C.L. Bottasso, ‘A MIMO ■ L. Sartori, A. Croce, C.L. Bottasso, ‘Free-Form 2GTKQFKE#4:+FGPVKƄECVKQP#NIQTKVJOHQTVJG Design of Rotors’, Proceedings of the 12th Ph.D. Floquet Stability Analysis of Wind Turbines’, Seminar on Wind Energy in Europe, Lyngby, ,|2J[U%QPH5GTFQK Denmark, May 25-27, 2016. 1742-6596/753/4/042015, 2016. ■ J. Wang, C. Wang, A. Fabbri, F. Campagnolo, C.L. ■ J. Wang, C.L. Bottasso, F. Campagnolo, ‘Wake Bottasso, ‘LES Modeling of a Scaled Wind Farm Redirection: Comparison of Analytical, Numerical Facility in a Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel’, 4th and Experimental Models’, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 753, Symposium on OpenFOAM in Wind Energy, Delft, 032064, doi:10.1088/17426596/753/3/032064, The Netherlands, May 2-4, 2016. 2016. ■ C.L. Bottasso, S. Cacciola, F. Campagnolo, J. ■ S. Cacciola, M. Bertelè, C.L. Bottasso, ‘Simulta- Schreiber, ‘Wake Detection for Wind Farm Control neous Observation of Wind Shears and Misalign- – Formulation and Validation’, SciTech 2016, AIAA ments from Rotor Loads’, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 753, Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, 052002, doi:10.1088/17426596/753/5/052002, 34nd ASME Wind Energy Symposium, San Diego, 2016. CA, USA, January 4-8, 2016. ■ C.L. Bottasso, P. Bortolotti, A. Croce, F. Gualdoni, ■ P. Bortolotti, L. Sartori, A. Croce, C.L. Bottasso, ‘Integrated Aero-Structural Optimization of Wind ‘Multi-MW Wind Turbine CoE Reduction via a Multi- Turbine Rotors’, Multibody System Dynamics, Disciplinary Design Process’, EWEA 2015 Annual doi:10.1007/s11044-015-9488-1, 2015. Event, Paris, France, November 17-20, 2015. ■ C.L. Bottasso, P. Montinari, ‘Rotorcraft Flight ■ C.L. Bottasso, A. Croce, F. Gualdoni, P. Montinari, Envelope Protection by Model Predictive Control’, ‘A New Concept to Mitigate Loads for Wind Journal of the American Helicopter Society, 60(2): Turbines Based on a Passive Flap’, 2015 American 1-13, doi:10.4050/JAHS.60.022005, 2015. Control Conference, Chicago, IL, USA, July 1-3, ■ C.L. Bottasso, C.E.D. Riboldi, ‘Validation of a Wind 2015. Misalignment Observer using Field Test Data’, ■ C.L. Bottasso, P. Bortolotti, A. Croce, F. Gualdoni, Renewable Energy, 74:298-306, doi:10.1016/j. L. Sartori, ‘Integrated Aero-Structural Optimization renene.2014.07.048, 2015. of Wind Turbines’, ECCOMAS Thematic Conference ■ E. Asadi, C.L. Bottasso, ‘Delayed Fusion for on Multibody Dynamics, Barcelona, Spain, June 29- Real-Time Vision-Aided Inertial Navigation’, Journal July 2, 2015. of Real-Time Image Processing, Special Issue on ■ C.L. Bottasso, S. Cacciola, J. Schreiber, ‘A Wake Robot Vision, 10(4):633-646, doi:10.1007/s11554- Detector for Wind Farm Control’, Wake Conference 013-0376-8, 2015. 2015, Visby, Sweden, June 9-11, 2015. ■ C.L. Bottasso, S. Cacciola, J. Schreiber, ‘Detection Plenary or Keynote Lectures of Wake Impingement in Support of Wind Plant at International Conferences Control’, NAWEA 2015 Symposium, Blacksburg, VA, USA, June 9-11, 2015. ■ C.L. Bottasso, ‘Advanced Design and Control ■ C.L. Bottasso, S. Cacciola, M. Capellaro, D. Castro, Methods for Future Large Wind Turbines’, The 82GVTQXKæn4QVQT7PDCNCPEG&GVGEVKQPCPF 2TGUVKIG.GEVWTG%TCPƄGNF7PKXGTUKV[%TCPƄGNF7- Mitigation’, DEWEK 2015, Bremen, Germany, May April 19, 2016. 19-20, 2015. ■ C.L. Bottasso, ‘Simulation of Wind Energy Systems: ■ C.L. Bottasso, S. Cacciola, J. Schreiber, ‘Detection Methods, Tools, Validation and Calibration’, Keynote of Wake Impingement by Rotor Loads’, DEWEK lecture, NAFEMS European Conference – Coupled 2015, Bremen, Germany, May 19-20, 2015. MBS-FE Applications: from Classical Design to ■ 82GVTQXKæ%.$QVVCUUQn9KPF6WTDKPG'PXGNQRG System Engineering, Torino, Italy, October 20-21, Riding’, SciTech 2015, AIAA Science and Tech- 2015. nology Forum and Exposition, 33nd ASME Wind ■ C.L. Bottasso, S. Cacciola, F. Campagnolo, V. Pet- Energy Symposium, Kissimmee, FL, USA, January TQXKæ,5EJTGKDGTn9KPF(CTO%QPVTQN5VTCVGIKGU 5-9, 2015. and Testing’, Keynote lecture, WindFarms 2015 ■ C.L. Bottasso, A. Croce, L. Sartori, ‘Free-Form Large Wind-Power Plants: Interaction, Control and Design of Low Induction Rotors’, SciTech 2015, Integration, Leuven, Belgium, July 8-10, 2015. AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, 33nd ASME Wind Energy Symposium, Kissimmee, FL, USA, January 5-9, 2015.

Wind Energy 97 Carbon Composites

Fundamental research on material behavior, processing technology and simulation of high performance composite materials

■ As a highlight in 2016 the 17th European Conference on Composite /CVGTKCNU '%%/ YCUQTICPK\GFD[VJG%JCKTQH%CTDQP%QORQUKVGU CPFVJGNGCFKPIGFIGENWUVGT/#+%CTDQPWPFGTVJGRCVTQPCIGQHVJG European Society for Composite Materials (ESCM) from 26th-30th June at the International Congress Center (ICM) in Munich. The conference CVVTCEVGFOQTGVJCPKPVGTPCVKQPCNN[TGPQYPGFUEKGPVKUVUCPFGPIK- PGGTUKPVJGƄGNFQHCGTQURCEGCWVQOQVKXGCPFOGEJCPKECNGPIKPGGTKPI CPFDTQWIJVVQIGVJGTVJGUEKGPVKƄECPFVJGCRRNKECVKQPQTKGPVGFYQTNF#P attractive supporting program was arranged to complement the interest- ing presentations and discussions. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Drechsler Process Technology for Fibers and Textiles Contact The ‘Process Technology for Fibers and as a test bed for the industrial internet www.lcc.mw.tum.de [email protected] Textiles’ group focuses on improving environment ‘Industrie 4.0’ to explore the Phone +49.89.289.15092 manufacturing technologies that arrange potential for future CFRP production. A ƄDGTUKPVJGKTFGUKTGFQTKGPVCVKQPYKVJKPC great success in 2016 was the granting of composite component. a DFG project that will be investigating the The group’s three research teams cover the KORNGOGPVCVKQPQHƄDGTQRVKECNUGPUQTUKP ƄGNFUQHDTCKFKPIVGEJPQNQI[CWVQOCVGF the laminates within the AFP process. ƄDGTRNCEGOGPVCPFVCKNQTGFVGZVKNGU9KVJ highly developed processing equipment, VJGƄDGTUECPDGDTQWIJVKPVQUJCRGKPCP automated and reproducible way.

Automated Fiber Placement The Fiber Placement Center located on the ‘Ludwig Bölkow Campus’ in Tauf- kirchen, that was set up last year, has been brought into full operation. In 2016, Lay-up of thermoset prepreg tapes with an automated the Center’s capabilities for the automated ƄDGTRNCEGOGPVOCEJKPG production of large components with VJGTOQUGVƄDGTRNCEGOGPVYGTGRTQXGPKP Textile Preforming two major projects with partner compa- On the textile preforming site at the nies from the aerospace industry. Forschungszentrum in Garching, new 9JGTGCUVJGTOQUGVƄDGTRNCEGOGPVKU draping equipment was set up. By using already widely used for making aerospace CƅGZKDNGOGODTCPGEQORNGZECTDQP RCTVUTGUGCTEJKPVJGƄGNFQHVJGTOQRNCU- ƄDGTRTGHQTOUECPPQYDGTGCNK\GFKP VKEƄDGTRNCEGOGPVKUTCVJGTHWPFCOGPVCN an automated and reproducible way. An Current work (e.g. in the Accurat3 project) external heating unit with IR lamps acti- is aiming to improve the 3D-capability of vates thermoplastic binder in the material the process to enable the manufacture of to stabilize the preform. Automated complex components. robot guided cutting enables guaranteed To further improve existing machines, addi- JKIJCEEWTCE[ƄPCNVTKOOKPIQHVJGHQTOGF tional systems have been implemented e.g. materials. Flat textiles can be combined for the online monitoring of process data with braided or patched laminates to and product quality via optical and thermal generate preforms that are exactly tailored camera systems. The newly started project to the desired application. All technologies ‘ISP’ uses the automated production are used in both publicly-funded as well equipment with these integrated sensors as bilateral industrial projects.

98 Carbon Composites Public Funded Projects ■ AIF project ‘3D-formbare Nassvliese’ ■ $/$(RTQLGEVn/#+RTQƄNo ■ AIF project ‘FullCycle’ ■ BMWi project ‘AirCarbon2’ ■ AIF project ‘Accurat 3’ ■ BMWi project ‘TELOS’ ■ AIF project ‘Perform’ ■ BFS project ‘ISP’ ■ BMBF project ‘MAIsandwich’ ■ EU project ‘INSCAPE’

Process Technology for Matrix Systems

The ‘Process Technology for Matrix Systems’ group addresses the robust and GHƄEKGPVRTQEGUUKPIQHOCVTKZU[UVGOU HQTVJGRTQFWEVKQPQHEQPVKPWQWUƄDGT reinforced composite parts. On one hand, a basic understanding of matrix systems, the characterization of KORTGIPCVKQPRTQRGTVKGUQHVJGƄDGTOCVG- rial for optimized processing, and process engineering are central for the group. On the other hand, associated issues such as tool technology, surface sealing, and process integration are key activities of the group.

Team Processes and Production Systems – First prize at the AVK award the mixing head by ultrasonic cavitation. Full scale demonstrator tool for a The Industrievereinigung Verstärkter In addition, low operating temperatures helicopter rotor blade developed by the project ‘Leetorb’ Kunststoffe e.V. (AVK) celebrated their in the metering machine allow energy-ef- Innovation Award on 28th November 2016 ƄEKGPVQRGTCVKQP.%%OCPCIGFVQYKP at the 2nd Composite Congress during this category for the second time in a row the 11th Composites Europe trade fair in CHVGTDGKPICYCTFGFƄTUVRTK\GNCUV[GCT Düsseldorf. The Chair of Carbon Compos- HQTCUWDOKUUKQPKPVJGƄGNFQHOQTRJKPI ites (Technical University of Munich) won structures. the category ‘Research and Science’ in cooperation with their industrial partner Team Tooling Systems – Dekumed Kunststoff- und Maschinen- JEC Innovation Award 2016 vertrieb GmbH & Co. KG, a mixing and The consortium of the EU-funded project metering specialist located in Bernau am LEEToRB won the JEC Innovation Award Chiemsee, Germany. The submission 2016 in the category helicopters. From regarding a ‘high power ultrasound mixing 2013 to 2015 a CFRP RTM tool with head for low pressure injection machines integrated heating for the manufacture of KPEQORQUKVGRTQEGUUGUoYCUCYCTFGFƄTUV helicopter rotor blades was developed. prize. An ultrasonic mixing head for the Compared with a conventional metallic online processing of thermoset resins has tool this new development has the been developed. Mixing of the compo- following advantages: reduced energy nents is realized by ultrasonic cavitation. consumption by 85%, reduced tool weight In addition to effective mixing, this com- by 80%, CTE match of part and tool as pact mixing section enables self-cleaning well as a locally adaptable energy input of the mixing chamber in combination according to the part geometry. The pro- YKVJVJGDGPGƄVUQHNQYOKZKPIRTGUUWTGU ject consortium consisted of the Institute The components are tempered locally in for Carbon Composites of the TUM, the

Carbon Composites 99 Fraunhofer ICT research group Functional For application in industrial processes, Lightweight Design and QPoint Compo- models for the prediction of suitable pro- sites GmbH, a manufacturer of tools with cess parameters in resin transfer molding integrated heating. (RTM) were developed and feasibility of this hybrid material joining technique Hybrid Materials and Structures – was demonstrated at demonstrator Project MAIfo successfully completed structures. More details on the project The publicly-funded project MAIfo, as one YGTGRWDNKUJGFKPVJGQHƄEKCNRTQLGEVTGRQTV project of the MAI Carbon Spitzencluster ‘MAIfo – Entwicklung einer Prozesskette initiative, was completed successfully. zur Herstellung von teilfolierten Faserver- The project consortium made up of the bundbauteilen’ which is available from the partners Airbus Helicopters, BMW, BASF TIB Hannover. and the LCC developed a process chain /CZKOKNNKCP5EJÀHGTYKPPGTQHVJG HQTVJGKPVGITCVKQPQHVJGTOQRNCUVKEƄNOU Public Funded Projects AVK Innovation Award in epoxy based composite structures. ■ AIF project ‘HoMehr’ The integration of such thermoplastic ■ BMBF project ‘FLAME’ ƄNOUKPETGCUGUVJGHWPEVKQPCNKV[QH%(42 ■ BMBF project ‘InFo’ RCTVUCPFTGFWEGUEQUVUHQTƄPKUJKPI ■ BMBF project ‘MAIplast’ GI|RCKPVKPI#URCTVQHVJKURTQLGEV ■ BMBF project ‘MAIfo’ fundamental research on phase separation ■ BFS project ‘FORCiM3A’ and solubility of thermoplastic polymers in ■ BFS project ‘TIP’ resin thermoset materials were conducted ■ EU project ‘Disacop’ at the LCC. Based on this fundamental ■ EU project ‘LeeTorb’ TGUGCTEJVJGPQXGNƄNOKPVGTFKHHWUKQP joining (FIDJ) technology was introduced.

Simulation

The ‘Simulation’ research group is dedicated to the integration of a virtual composites simulation platform from RTGHQTOKPIKPƄNVTCVKQPCPFEWTGWRVQ structural analysis. One of the numerous CEJKGXGOGPVUKPYCUVJGƄPCNK- zation and validation of a software neutral KPVGTHCEGCPFVQVTCPUHGTHQTKPUVCPEGƄDGT CPINGFKUVTKDWVKQPUHTQOƄPKVGGNGOGPV based draping simulation to a structural 5RGEKOGPOQWPVGFQPCVQTUKQPDCTƄZVWTGHQTVJG analysis (project MAIDesign). The interface characterisation of intra-ply shear properties of unidirectional thermoplastic materials above melting enables a more realistic load response temperature prediction; thus paving the way for a higher degree of CFRP’s superior proper- Over the last year, the team focused on ties utilization by more closely considering FTCRKPIUKOWNCVKQPCEVKXKVKGUKPVJGƄGNF the composite structure ‘as built’. of material characterization, simulation and validation. Unidirectionally reinforced Forming and Flow Process Simulation thermoplastic and thermoset pre-im- This team deals with the simulation of pregnated materials were characterized composite manufacturing processes in with regard to the targeted real forming terms of forming technologies like draping, process. Investigations enabled the DTCKFKPICPFCWVQOCVGFƄDGTRNCEGOGPV characterization of bending, transverse CUYGNNCUKPƄNVTCVKQPOGVJQFU tension, compression and intra-ply shear

100 Carbon Composites Forming simulation of an aircraft frame processes with a single- diaphragm forming method. Simulation model developed in Abaqus (Dassault Simulia) properties. Interaction properties (tool/ply, QTFGTVQRTGFKEVVJGNCOKPCVGoUƄPCNSWCNKV[ ply/ply) were also characterized utilizing in terms of e.g. degree of cure, porosity or the institute’s friction test bench. Finite residual stress and deformation. element simulation models have been Process induced deformations like developed in both software packages spring-in present a production risk Abaqus (Dassault Simulia) and PAM- particularly on highly integrated composite Form (ESI Group) on macroscopic level. structures potentially resulting in high Validated material models were achieved rework costs and scrapping of prototype D[EQORCTKPIUKOWNCVGFƄDGTQTKGPVCVKQP components. Guidelines have been devel- distributions on double sinus wave oped to choose appropriate analysis tools subcomponents with optically determined based on the geometry, material, tooling experimental results. Also, the ability of and process conditions of the manufac- the simulation to detect the occurrence of turing setup and the design phase, thus defects such as out-of-plane wrinkles was tailoring efforts on characterization and assessed. simulation tasks. Validated simulation approaches were ƄPCNN[CRRNKGFVQKPFWUVTKCNECUGU+P particular, forming of an aircraft frame using a single diaphragm forming method was simulated.

Compaction, Curing and Consolidation Simulation The focus of activities within the ‘Compac- tion, Curing and Consolidation Simulation’ Temperature distribution from a curing simulation including virtual heating patches (left) and research team is the development, charac- QRVKOK\CVKQPTGUWNVUKPVGTOUQHVCKNQTGFJGCVKPI\QPGU TKIJV terization and industrialization of process models for all cure related phenomena in In the MAI-TAI project, the LCC works on the industrialization of process simu- lation approaches. In 2016, a modeling strategy was developed to accelerate the preprocessing of process simulation models as presented for a demonstrator RCTV+PCFFKVKQPCPCN[UKUQHVJGKPƅWGPEG of part features like sandwich core ramps CPFIWUUGVƄNNGTUQPRTQEGUUKPFWEGF deformations was concluded, contributing Simulated spring-in of the demonstrator within the to the guidelines in terms of relevant project BMBF project ‘MAITAI’ modeling detail.

Carbon Composites 101 5KIPKƄECPVEQPVTKDWVKQPUVQVJGUEKGPVKƄE Material Modeling community have been made within the and Structural Analysis concluded DFG project ‘DR 204/5-1, G8’ The ‘Material Modeling and Structural on modeling the consolidation behavior Analysis’ research team focuses on the of out-of-autoclave materials. Fundamen- UVTWEVWTCNCPCN[UKUQHƄDGTTGKPHQTEGFRNCU- tals elaborated on void formation and tics as well as mechanical and bonded transport in conjunction with a detailed joints at different length scales. simulation approach on coupon level form One research focus is the prediction of the the basis for the EU project ‘TRANSI- constitutive behavior of textile-reinforced TION’, which has been launched with the composites using unit cells. A framework overall goal to enhance model capabilities is proposed predicting the non-linear for representing complex shaped compos- mechanical response of triaxial braided ite parts. EQORQUKVGUWUKPIOGUQUEQRKEƄPKVG Electrical heating systems offer the oppor- element unit cells. Based on a reduced tunity of temporally and spatially varying unit cell concept which exploits symme- heat introduction, therefore inaugurating tries to minimize computational expense, CUKIPKƄECPVRQVGPVKCNHQTGPGTI[EQP- a compacted and interpenetration-free sumption reduction. Additionally complex yarn geometry is created within a three shaped parts with varying cross sections UVCIGUKOWNCVKQPRTQEGUU+PVJGƄTUVUVGR and thermal properties can be processed a nominal geometry is constructed from within stringent temperature limits in spite WUGTFGƄPGFKPRWVRCTCOGVGTU.QECN of exotherms due to the cure reaction. Key volumetric interpenetrations present in is a clever control of the heat introduction the model are resolved in a subsequent today associated with the need of exten- ƄEVKVKQWUVJGTOCNUVGR6JGWPKVEGNNKU sive production trials, hardly transferable HWTVJGTEQORCEVGFVQVJGFGUKTGFƄDGT from one component to another. XQNWOGHTCEVKQPWUKPIƅGZKDNGOGODTCPGU In cooperation with the McGill University Out-of-plane periodic boundary condi- of Montreal, a simulation-based method tions allow an implicit consideration of was developed to optimize the thermal the compaction of multiple braid plies in management of self-heated tools with FKHHGTGPVPGUVKPIEQPƄIWTCVKQPUYJKEJ several heating zones. A heating strat- further enables us to render high global egy can be generated automatically for ƄDGTXQNWOGHTCEVKQPU  WUKPI arbitrarily varying cross sections, resulting GZRGTKOGPVCNN[FGVGTOKPGFKPVTC[CTPƄDGT in a homogeneous hardening process volume fractions. In order to capture the and thus improved laminate quality when predominant failure modes observed in used e.g. as feedback control of the real braided composites, the model comprises manufacturing setup. a physically based damage model inside

1WVQHRNCPGRGTKQFKEDQWPFCT[EQPFKVKQPUEQPUKFGTKPIPGUVKPIECUGKPWPUJKHVGFCPFUJKHVGFEQPƄIWTCVKQP

102 Carbon Composites the yarns, plasticity in the resin pockets, and delamination at the yarn-matrix interfaces. Another research area consists of the non-linear behavior of angle-ply laminates. A constitutive model for composite laminates has been developed with the focus on the distinction among inducing mechanisms. It is shown that the effect QHƄDGTTQVCVKQPCPFFCOCIGKUGUUGPVKCN in consideration of large deformations. To 5EJGOCVKERTKPEKRNGQHCPKPVGTHGTGPEGƄVCUUGODN[DGVYGGPKPPGTUVGGNJWDCPFQWVGTEQORQU- ensure the applicability to structural parts, ite shaft (left); numerical model with solid elements of a polygonal joint between inner composite shaft and outer aluminum hub (right) the numerical model is validated by a large number of various angle-ply tension parameters of IFAs have been carried and off-axis compression tests, fabricated out. For polygonal joints, the principle of the same carbon/epoxy IM7-8552 of form closure is applied and several material. design parameters have been numerically +PVJGƄGNFQHJ[DTKFEQPPGEVKQPUDGVYGGP investigated. Based on the results, design composite and metallic parts several guidelines were deducted. joining techniques are investigated, mainly focusing on torsionally loaded structures Public Funded Projects like drive shafts. As a representative ■ BMBF project ‘MAIDesign’ QHHTKEVKQPCNLQKPVUVJGKPVGTHGTGPEGƄV ■ BMBF project ‘MAITAI’ assembly (IFA) between an inner steel hub ■ BMBF project ‘MAIFORM’ and an outer CFRP shaft is examined. ■ BMBF project ‘MAI MULTISKELETT’ (QTUJCHVUVJKULQKPKPIVGEJPKSWGKUƄDGT ■ $/$(RTQLGEVn/#+RTQƄNo UWKVCDNGEQUVGHƄEKGPVCPFGCU[VQTGCNK\G ■ EU project ‘TRANSITION’ The suitability of an analytical approach ■ COMET K1 v-3.08 for the analysis of thick-walled IFAs has ■ BMBF project ‘MAIhiras+handle’ been evaluated based on experimental ■ BFS project ‘FORCiM3A’ and numerical investigations. Furthermore studies on several aspects and design

Material Behavior and Testing

The ‘Material Behavior and Testing’ group At the testing laboratories of the LCC a focuses on the investigation of the mate- broad spectrum of state-of-the-art test TKCNTGURQPUGQHƄDGTTGKPHQTEGFRQN[OGT methods and equipment is available, cov- matrix composites. ering thermo-analytical methods, rheology

.GHV 6GUVUGVWRHQTF[PCOKEEQORTGUUKQPVGUVRGTHQTOGFQPURNKV*QRMKPUQPRTGUUWTGDCT 4KIJV 3WCUKUVCVKECPFF[PCOKEEQORTGUUKXGUVTGUUUVTCKPEWTXGHQTSWCUKKUQVTQRKEECTDQPGRQZ[NCOKPCVG

Carbon Composites 103 6QR +NNWUVTCVKQPQH5*2$VGUVUGVWRHQTF[PCOKEHTCEVWTGVQWIJPGUUVGUVHQTƄDGTEQORTGUUKXGHCKNWTG $QVVQONGHV 1RVKOK\CVKQPQHF[PCOKEVGUVUGVWRXKC('OQFGNKPI $QVVQOOKFFNG +PRNCPGCZKCNUVTCKPƄGNFFWTKPIF[PCOKEEQORTGUUKQPVGUV (Bottom right) Failure mode of used compression specimen.

and microscopy, experimental methods to free gauge section and therefore correctly measure permeability and drapeability of quantify the strain rate effect on the UD and textile preforms, as well as static compressive strength of the investigated and high strain rate mechanical testing. composite materials. A strong focus of the group is in the Another focus was on the investigation area of high strain rate testing, where of the loading rate effect on the fracture split-Hopkinson bars for compression, toughness of carbon composites for the tension and torsional loading, are used to GPGTI[KPVGPUKXGƄDGTVGPUKNGCPFEQO- reach strain rates of up to 1000 s-1. pressive failure modes. The development In 2015 and 2016 one of the main of the dynamic test setup was aided by focuses was on the development of a ('UKOWNCVKQPU5KIPKƄECPVNQCFKPITCVG dynamic compression test methodology GHHGEVUYGTGQDUGTXGFHQTVJGƄDGTVGPUKNG to investigate the strain rate effect on the and compressive fracture toughnesses. mechanical response of carbon com- RQUKVGUWPFGTƄDGTEQORTGUUKQPNQCFKPI Public Funded Projects With the developed special test setup ■ COMET K1 v-3.08 for the dynamic test environment it was ■ EU project ‘DeMAnD’ possible to achieve valid failure within the

Research Focus Competence ■ 2TQEGUUVGEJPQNQI[HQTƄDGTUCPF The LCC takes an interdisciplinary textiles approach to research, extending from ■ Process technology for matrix systems raw materials through implementation of ■ Simulation manufacturing technologies to complete ■ Material behavior and testing composite components. With specially developed simulation methods, the composite manufacturing process chain can be represented virtually.

104 Carbon Composites Infrastructure Research Scientists ■ Composite technical lab ‘Preforming Luciano Avila Gray, M.Sc. and Thermoset Injection Technology’ Benno Böckl, M.Sc. ■ Composite technical lab ‘Thermoplastic David Colin, M.Sc. Technology’ Dipl.-Ing. Matthias Copony ■ Composite test labor Dipl.-Ing. Paul Bockelmann ■ Computing cluster Dipl.-Ing. Philipp Bruckbauer Dipl.-Ing. Christoph Ebel Courses Dipl.-Ing. Ludwig Eberl ■ Materials and Process Technologies for Dipl.-Ing. Stefan Ehard Carbon Composites Dipl.-Ing. Ralf Engelhardt ■ Composite Materials and Structure- Dipl.-Ing. Philipp Fahr property Relationship Dipl.-Ing. Petra Fröhlich ■ Analysis and Design of Composite Dipl.-Ing. Thorsten Hans Structures Dipl.-Ing. Tobias Harbers ■ Production Technologies for Composite Dipl.-Ing. Mathias Hartmann Parts Klaus Heller, M.Sc. ■ Process Simulation and Material Rhena Helmus, M.Sc Modeling of Composites Dr. techn. Roland Hinterhölzl ■ Multifunctional Polymer-based Com- Dipl.-Ing. Bernhard Horn posites Dipl.-Ing. Philipp Kammerhofer ■ Carbon and Graphite – High Perfor- Dipl.-Ing. Kalle Kind mance Materials for Key Industries Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Kollmannsberger ■ Supply Chain and Value Creation Dr. Hannes Körber Composites Theodosia Kourkoutsaki, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Jan Krollmann Management Peter Kuhn, M.Sc. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Drechsler, Director Dipl.-Ing. Ulrich Mandel Dr. mont. Elisabeth Ladstätter Alexane Margossian, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Mierzwa Adjunct Professors Dipl.-Ing. Johannes Neumayer Dr.-Ing. Oswin Öttinger Jonathan Oelhafen, M.Sc. Dr.-Ing. Christian Weimer Dipl.-Ing. Philipp Picard Prof. Pierre Mertiny, Ph.D., Dipl.-Ing. Marina Plöckl, M.Sc. Prof. Paul Compston Dipl.-Ing. Veronika Radlmaier Dipl.-Ing. Maximilian Schäfer Administrative and Technical Staff Dipl.-Ing. Philipp Maximilian Schäfer Cigdem Filker Dipl.-Ing. Alexander Schwingenschlögl Katja Knösch Florian Sommer, M.Sc. Gabriele Uruk Dipl.-Ing. Robin Taubert Daniel Amrein, B.Sc. &KRN+PI&CPKGN6GWƅ Helmut Josef Dick Dipl.-Ing. Tobias Wehrkamp-Richter Sebastian Gruber Dipl.-Ing. Jakob Weiland Thomas Witteczek Dipl.-Ing. Mario Vollmer Reiner Rauch Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Wettemann Dipl.-Ing. Swen Zaremba

Carbon Composites 105 Publications 2016

■ Dissertations Margossian, A.; Bel, S.; Hinterhölzl, R.: On the characterisation of transverse tensile properties ■ Brand, Michael Erich: Grundlagen zur Gestaltung of molten unidirectional thermoplastic composite XQP*GCX[6QY$KCZKCN)GƅGEJVGPOKVXCTKCDNGP tapes for thermoforming simulations. Composites Eigenschaften. Dissertation, 2016. Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 88, ■ Cichosz, Jörg: Experimental Characterization and 2016, 48-58 Numerical Modeling of the Mechanical Response ■ Mayer, N.; Prowe, J.; Havar, T.; Hinterhölzl, R.; for Biaxial Braided Composites. Dissertation, 2016. Drechsler, K.: Structural analysis of composite ■ Dix, Markus: Eine durchgängig virtuelle Faserver- components considering manufacturing effect. bundprozesskette am Beispiel des RTM Prozesses. Composite Structures 140, 2016, 776-782. Dissertation, 2016. ■ Mayer, N.; Van Den Broucke, B.; Prowe, J.; Havar, ■ Harbers, Tobias: Das Nassvliesverfahren als T.; Hinterhölzl, R.: Finite element mapping for Lösungsalternative zum Recycling von Reststoffen incompatible FE meshes of composite structures. aus der Automobilindustrie – Beitrag zum Materi- Advances in Engineering Software 99, 2016, 81-88. alverständnis kohlenstofffaserbasierter Nassvliese. ■ Meier, R.; Kahraman, I.; Seyhan, A. T.; Zaremba, S.; Dissertation, 2016. Drechsler, K.: Evaluating vibration assisted vacuum ■ Helmus, Rhena: Out-of-Autoclave Prepregs: Sto- infusion processing of hexagonal boron nitride chastic Modelling of Void Formation. Dissertation, UJGGVOQFKƄGFECTDQPHCDTKEGRQZ[EQORQUKVGU 2016. in terms of interlaminar shear strength and void ■ Heß, Christoph: Beitrag zur Qualitätssicherung content. Composites Science and Technology 128, für die serientaugliche Herstellung von textilen 2016, 94-103. Preformen. Dissertation, 2016. ■ Stefanziosa, C.; Ladstätter, E.,Drechsler, K.: ■ Leutz, Daniel Maurice: Forming simulation of Krafteinleitungselement zur Funktionalisierung von AFP material layups: Material characterization, thermoplastischen Faserverbundbauteilen. Journal simulation and validation. Dissertation, 2016. of Plastics Technology 05, 2016. ■ Schultheiß, David C. M.: Development and charac- ■ Straumit, I.; Hahn, C.; Winterstein, E.; Plank, B.; terization of a thermally triggered, self-collapsible Lomov, S. V.; Wevers, M.: Computation of perme- gypsum-based core material for hollow composite ability of a non-crimp carbon textile reinforcement applications. Dissertation, 2016. based on X-ray computed tomography images. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufac- turing 81, 2016, 289-295. 5EKGPVKƄE,QWTPCNU ■ 6TGHƅGT4(TÒUEJN,.CFUVÀVVGT''KPUCV\ ■ Buchmann, C.; Langer, S.; Filsinger, J.; Drechsler, wirrfaserverstärkter Duroplaste in thermomecha- K.: Analysis of the removal of peel ply from CFRP nisch belasteten Strukturbauteilen im Fahrzeugbau. surfaces. Composites Part B: Engineering 89, 2016, Materials Testing 58 (7-8), 2016, 644-651. 352-361. ■ Buchmann, C.; Filsinger, J.; Ladstätter, E.: Investi- ICVKQPQH'NGEVTKECN6KOG&QOCKP4GƅGEVQOGVT[HQT Conference Proceedings infusion and cure monitoring in combination with ■ Ehard, S.; Ladstätter, E.; Jürgens, M.; Bortolotto, L.; GNGEVTKECNN[EQPFWEVKXGƄDGTUCPFVQQNKPIOCVGTKCNU Remer, N.: Development of a hybrid tail rotor drive Composites Part B: Engineering 94, 2016, 389-398. shaft by the use of Thermoplastic Automated Fiber ■ Cichosz, J.; Wehrkamp-Richter, T.; Körber, H.; Placement. ECCM17 – 17th European Conference Hinterhölzl, R.; Camanho, P. P.: Failure and damage on Composite Materials, 2016. characterization of (±30 ) biaxial braided compos- ■ Ehard, S.; Mader, A.; Ladstätter, E.; Drechsler, K.: ites under multiaxial stress states. Composites Thermoplastic Automated Fiber Placement for 2CTV|##RRNKGF5EKGPEGCPF/CPWHCEVWTKPI   manufacturing of metal-composite hybrid parts. 2016, 748-759. Euro Hybrid Materials and Structures 2016, 2016. ■ Ebel, C.; Mierzwa, A.; Kind, K.: Yarn damage during ■ Fahr, P.; Hinterhölzl, R.: Numerical investigation DTCKFKPIQHTGKPHQTEGOGPVƄDGTUHQTEQORQUKVGU+P QHKPVGTHGTGPEGƄVCUUGODNKGUCPFVJGKPƅWGPEGQH Advances in Braiding Technology. Elsevier BV, 2016. varying the laminate thickness. ECCM17 – 17th ■ Eisenhauer, C. M.; Drechsler, K.: Integration of European Conference on Composite Materials, GZEGUUOCVGTKCNKPVQCUGOKƄPKUJGFRTQFWEVVQHQTO 2016. complex composite parts. Textile Research Journal, ■ Horn, B.; Ebel, C.; Drechsler, K.: Strategies to 2016. increase the mechanical performance of long ■ Helmus, R.; Kratz, J.; Potter, K.; Hubert, P.; Hinter- ƄDGTRCVEJRTGHQTOU'%%/sVJ'WTQRGCP hölzl, R.: An experimental technique to characterize Conference on Composite Materials, 2016. interply void formation in unidirectional prepregs. ■ Jelinek, M.; Oblinger, C.; Baeten, A.; Drechsler, Journal of Composite Materials, 2016. K.; Reinhart, G.: Development, manufacturing and ■ Leutz, D.; Vermilyea, M.; Bel, S.; Hinterhölzl, R.: testing of a CFRP metal hybrid gripper for highly Forming Simulation of Thick AFP Laminates and dynamic manipulation processes. Euro Hybrid Comparison with Live CT Imaging. Appl. Compos. Materials and Structures 2016, 2016. Mater., 2016. ■ Jürgens, M.; Hafe Perez Ferreira da Silva, M.T.; ■ Mandel, U.; Taubert, R.; Hinterhölzl, R.: Laminate Ladstätter, E.: Shear-Out failure behaviour of sur- damage model for composite structures. Compos- face structured metallic z-reinforcements for CFRP ite Structures 136, 2016, 441-449. laminates and joints. ECCM17 – 17th European ■ Mandel, U.; Taubert, R.; Hinterhölzl, R.: Three-di- Conference on Composite Materials, 2016. mensional nonlinear constitutive model for compos- ■ Kammerhofer, P.; Zaremba, S.; Drechsler, K.: ites. Composite Structures 142, 2016, 78-86. Investigation of thermal ageing of advanced CFRP tooling laminate by gas permeability. ECCM17 – 17th European Conference on Composite Materials, 2016.

106 Carbon Composites ■ Koch, C.; Nonn, A.; Maidl, F.; Maurer, T.; Töpker, ■ Oblinger, C.; Jelinek, M.; Lang, H.; Baeten, A.; ,$KEMGTVQP5.CFUVÀVVGT'+PƅWGPEGQHVGZVKNG Drechsler, K.; Reinhart, G.: Development, manufac- CTEJKVGEVWTGD[RTQEGUUKPIECTDQPƄDGTDCUGF0QP turing and testing of a CFRP bellows coupling for Crimp Fabrics in automotive serial application using powertrain applications. Euro Hybrid Materials and High-Pressure-RTM. ECCM17 – 17th European Structures 2016, 2016. Conference on Composite Materials, 2016. ■ Plank, B.; Helmus, R.; Gschwandtner, M.; Hinter- ■ Kollmannsberger, A.; Ladstätter, E.; Drechsler, K.: hölzl, R.; Kastner, J.: In-situ observation of bubble Challenges for Thermoplastic-Automated Fiber formation in neat resin during the curing process Placement (TP-AFP) with in situ consolidation on by means of X-ray computed tomography. WCNDT 3D parts. ECCM17 – 17th European Conference on 2016 – 19th World Conference on Non-Destructive Composite Materials, 2016. Testing, 2016. ■ Krollmann, J.; Alvarado, C. S.; Carqueville, P.; ■ Schwingenschlögl, A.; Endres, A.; Harbers, T.; Snajdr, R.; Zaremba, S.; Drechsler, K.: Hybrid-matrix .ØVMG%6GWƅ&7UGQHTGE[ENGF ECTDQP ƄDGTU processing: How to co-inject multiple resin systems in wetlaid-nonwovens – Current status, potentials into one composite part. ECCM17 – 17th European and ongoing research efforts. CAMX 2016 – The Conference on Composite Materials, 2016. Composite and Advanced Materials Expo, 2016. ■ Krollmann, J.; Colin, D.; Avila Gray, L.; Zaremba, S.; ■ Schwingenschlögl, A.; Verghese, N.; Bruckbauer, Drechsler, K.: Bending characterization of axis and P.; Ehard. S.; Drechsler, K.: Towards thermoplastic QHHCZKUƄDGTTGKPHQTEGFJKPIGUCVNCTIGFGƅGEVKQP ECTDQPƄDGTTGKPHQTEGFRNCUVKEUHQTVJGCWVQOQVKXG SAMPE 2016 – Society of the Advancement industry – The need for and potential of fusion Material and Process Engineering, 2016. bonding and hybridization. ECCM17 – 17th Euro- ■ Kuhn, P; Catalanotti, G.; Xavier, J., R.; Körber, H.; pean Conference on Composite Materials, 2016. Camanho, P.P.: Measurement of fracture toughness ■ Schäfer, P. M.; Kreuzhage, S.; Zaremba, S.; HQTƄDGTVGPUKNGHCKNWTGOQFGQH7&EQORQUKVGU Drechsler, K.: Experimental Investigation of inter- under high rate loading. ICCS19 – 19th International layer thermal contact resistance and its relevance Conference on Composite Structures, 2016. for consolidation of thermoplastic composites. ■ Kuhn, P; Catalanotti, G.; Xavier, J.; Cidade, R.; ECCM17 – 17th European Conference on Compos- Körber, H.; Camanho, P.P.: Measurement of fracture ite Materials, 2016. VQWIJPGUUHQTƄDGTEQORTGUUKXGHCKNWTGOQFGQH ■ Schütte, J.; Hoffmann, J.; Ladstätter, E.; Drechsler, UD composites under high rate loading. ECCM17 – K.: Manufacturing CFRP sandwich parts using wet 17th European Conference on Composite Materials, moulding. ECCM17 – 17th European Conference on 2016. Composite Materials, 2016. ■ Lipcan, M.; Balvers, J.M.: Interface evaluation for ■ Stefanziosa, C.; Drechsler, K.; Ladstätter, E.; GHƄEKGPVKPVGITCVKQPQHOCPWHCEVWTKPIFKUVQTVKQP Zimmermann, T.: New production process for simulation results in an industrial design process. OCPWHCEVWTKPIEQPVKPWQWUƄDGTTGKPHQTEGFVJGTOQ- SICOMP27 – 27th Annual International SICOMP RNCUVKEJQNNQYRTQƄNGEQORQPGPVU'%%/sVJ Conference, 2016. European Conference on Composite Materials, ■ Lipcan, M.; Balvers, J.M.: Pre-Assessment of 2016. distortion in frame-like composite structures for ■ 5VQMGU)TKHƄP%'JCTF5-QNNOCPPUDGTIGT# Industrial application. ECCM17 – 17th European Compston, P.; Drechsler, K.: Selective reinforcement Conference on Composite Materials, 2016. of steel with CF/PA6 composites in a laser tape ■ Margossian, A.; Bel, S.; Hinterhölzl, R.: On the placement process: Effect of surface preparation modeling of separation foils in thermoforming and laser angle on interfacial bond strength. simulations. ESAFORM 2016 – 19th International ECCM17 – 17th European Conference on Compos- ESAFORM Conference on Material Forming, 2016. ite Materials, 2016. ■ Mierzwa, A.; Ebel, C.; Harbers, T.; Drechsler, K.: +PXGUVKICVKQPQPETGCVKQPQHƄDTQWUTKPIUCPFVJGKT KPƅWGPEGQPVJGDTCKFGFRGTHQTOSWCNKV['%%/s 17th European Conference on Composite Materials, 2016.

Carbon Composites 107 Mechanics and High Performance Computing

Parallel algorithms and high performance computing in computational continuum mechanics

■4GUGCTEJCEVKXKVKGUQHVJG/GEJCPKEU*KIJ2GTHQTOCPEG%QORWVKPI Group in 2016 covered a range of topics in computational modeling CPFCNIQTKVJOFGXGNQROGPVKPVJGCTGCQHOWNVKƄGNFRJGPQOGPCJKIJN[ GHƄEKGPVRCTCNNGNUQNWVKQPOGVJQFUOQFGNTGFWEVKQPKPXGTUGCPCN[UKUCPF WPEGTVCKPV[SWCPVKƄECVKQP#RRNKECVKQPUHQEWUGFQPOGEJCPKECNOQFGNU QHVJGJGCTVCPFVJGEKTEWNCVQT[U[UVGOVJGOGEJCPQDKQNQI[QHCVJGTQ sclerosis and abdominal aortic aneursyms and lately on the integration CPFQRVKOK\CVKQPQHEQPVTQNCNIQTKVJOUYKVJNCTIGUECNGPQPNKPGCTEQO- putational models.

Prof. Dr. Michael W. Gee

Contact Hybrid Preconditioning for Surface-Coupled Problems

www.mhpc.mw.tum.de [email protected] When solving coupled problems in a Phone +49.89.289.10366 monolithic fashion, powerful preconditi- oning techniques are crucial to obtain an GHƄEKGPVUQNWVKQPUEJGOG+PQWTITQWR we are interested in monolithic solvers for ƅWKFUVTWEVWTGKPVGTCEVKQPRTQDNGOUYJGTG CƅWKFCPFCUQNKFFQOCKPGZEJCPIGEQWR ling information at their common coupling surface. Starting from well-established physics-based block preconditioners, that are known to accumulate the error Overlapping domain decomposition for hybrid FSI at the coupling surface, we developed a preconditioner novel hybrid preconditioner. It is based on an overlapping domain decomposition, physics-based block preconditioners, the that purposely exhibits subdomains that number of iterations of the linear solver URCPCETQUUVJGƅWKFUVTWEVWTGKPVGTHCEG as well as the total solution time could By performing cheap, but accurate be reduced remarkably. Furthermore, subdomain solves in an Additive Schwarz scalability of the proposed methods has manner in combination with the existing been demonstrated.

2CTCOGVGT+FGPVKƄECVKQPCPF2TGFKEVKXG5KOWNCVKQP

4GNKCDNGWUGQHRCTCOGVTKEƄPKVGGNGOGPV can be carried out by means of data models in a predictive manner requires assimilation techniques. Data is thereby knowledge of the statistical distribution often encoded by medical images, e.g. of model parameters. This knowledge resulting from computed tomography is often only available for a very broad or magnetic resonance imaging. We statistical universe restricting the predic- are focused on two key aspects in the tive capabilities of numerical models in a GHƄEKGPVCPFCEEWTCVGKFGPVKƄECVKQPQH personalized setup. The personalization RCVKGPVURGEKƄERCTCOGVGTFKUVTKDWVKQPU of distributions of model parameters is This is the decoding and the mathematical therefore of high importance. In the area of treatment of the information from image cardiovascular applications, such as e.g. data on the one hand, and the numerical Abdominal aortic aneurysm with for the prediction of growth of abdominal treatment of the possibly high parametric OCZKOWOCRQUVGTKQTKUQNWVKQPQH CQTVKECPGWT[UOUVJGKFGPVKƄECVKQPQH dimension of the applied numerical model a spatially distributed parameter describing growth suitable personalized model parameters on the other hand.

108 Mechanics & High Performance Computing Numerical Prediction of Stent-Graft Deployment in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is a well-established technique to prevent rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). In this technology, a stent-graft (SG) is inserted via the femoral arteries to exclude the aneurysm sac from the main DNQQFƅQY*QYGXGT'8#4KPXQNXGUUQOG unfavorable outcomes such as endoleaks or SG migration. Such unacceptable out- comes, resulting from wrong placement of the SG or incompatibility of SG design CPF###IGQOGVT[CTGFKHƄEWNVVQRTGFKEV We aim at developing a predictive tool for the selection and sizing process of 5)UFGRGPFKPIQPVJGRCVKGPVURGEKƄE Virtual placement of stent-graft AAA geometry. The predictive, numerical VQQNDCUGFQPƄPKVGGNGOGPVCPCN[UKU SG, mechanobiology of AAA, morphing requires the combination of various strategies for the positioning of the SG complex simulation components, such and material modeling of the superelastic as contact mechanics between AAA and behavior of nitinol.

Functional Modeling of the Heart and an Extravascular Assist Device (VAD)

Due to decreasing number of transplant- CDNGJGCTVUCPFFGƄEKGPEKGUKPEWTTGPV heart assist device technologies, novel concepts of extravascular heart assistance are developed in close collaboration between AdjuCor GmbH and MHPC. The collaboration aims at minimizing vul- nerable impact to the heart and optimizing design and functionality of a novel device by use of computational models. There- fore, computational models of the heart, the vascular system and a novel epicardial augmentation device are developed and their interplay computed on patient-spe- EKƄEECTFKQXCUEWNCTEQPFKVKQPUKPQTFGTVQ predict the increase in heart work required to maintain vascular perfusion. Furthermore, models of oxygen transport and ventricular disease progression after myocardial infarction should help to gain HWTVJGTKPUKIJVUKPVQVJGURGEKƄEFGXKEG operating parameters required to sustain cardiac regeneration. &&EQWRNGFOQFGNQHVJGJGCTVU[UVGOKEEKTEWNCVKQPU[UVGOCPFXCUEWNCTCUUKUVFGXKEG

Mechanics & High Performance Computing 109 A Multiscale Model of Atherosclerosis

in- and ex-vivo molecular imaging. The biological processes involved take place at the (sub)cellular length scale and will be assessed experimentally by histology by our project partners from Klinikum rechts der Isar. Based on the imaged 3D geometries, macroscopic computa- VKQPCNƅWKFUQNKFKPVGTCEVKQPOQFGNUYKVJ transport, diffusion and interaction of species and cells supply an understanding of the local mechanical conditions which can then be correlated to the biological ƄPFKPIU#EQORWVCVKQPCNOGUQUEQRKE biological model will be implemented which will be coupled to the macroscopic continuum representation of the region of interest in a multiscale in time and space framework. Imaging of several stenoses in Fluid-structure interaction model A multiscale and multidisciplinary mice as well as carefully designed in vitro QHDNQQFƅQYVJTQWIJGNCUVKE approach to the mechanobiology of experiments are applied to test the hypo- murine aortic arch atherosclerosis is taken that is based on theses of the model, calibrate its behavior computational techniques and experimen- and evaluate its predictive capabilities. VCNECNKDTCVKQPCPFXGTKƄECVKQPCUYGNNCU

Multi Objective/Field Optimization of an Extravascular Assist Device (VAD)

Faster rescue chains and especially improved clinical diagnostics and thera- pies have reduced the number of lethal heart infarcts. More patients survive but UWHHGTHTQOCTGUWNVKPIJGCTVKPUWHƄEKGPE[ At the same time, heart transplantations are limited to the amount of donor organs, which has been declining during the past FGECFG#RTQOKUKPIVGEJPQNQI[CTGGHƄ cient cardiac assist devices. However, the wide range of patient individual require- ments makes it challenging to design an appropriate device. Together with AdjuCor GmbH, we develop a 0D model of the driving unit of a novel VAD and couple it VQC&RCVKGPVURGEKƄEJGCTVOQFGN6JKU allows us to iteratively optimize device and implant in order to meet the individual patient needs.

110 Mechanics & High Performance Computing A Statistical Method for the Evaluation of Rupture Risk in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms based on Medical Images

An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a can be employed to assess the rupture dilation of the abdominal aorta, threatened risk of a given individual AAA. This appro- by rupture which often ends fatally. As ach is relevant for clinical applications as AAAs develop more likely in the elderly a surface can be extracted easily from population, surgical or endovascular medical images and discretized using a intervention is accompanied by potential triangular mesh. The main challenge lies risks as well. Consequently, surgeons RTKOCTKN[KPƄPFKPICUVCVKUVKECNN[UKIPKƄECPV have to balance rupture risk with the risk feature-space of surfaces. In our work, of suitable repair. In the attempt to assist we therefor examine various parameteri- this decision-making process, groupwise zations of surfaces, mainly the paramete- statistics are performed on a database of rization with the 3D Zernike descriptors, geometrical surfaces of asymptomatic and and the ‘surface currents’ method. The Aneurysm surface geometries of a ruptured AAA cases. Based on the surface statistical model is accordingly trained on sub-group of the study population to form a geometrical statistical information, the obtained statistical model the available dataset. model

Research Focus Management ■ High performance parallel computing Prof. Dr. Michael W. Gee CPFGHƄEKGPVCNIQTKVJOU ■ Parallel algorithms and scalable Administrative Staff software Cornelia Kirsten ■ Inverse problems ■ Numerical models in vascular bio- Research Scientists mechanics and mechanobiology Marina Bassilious, M.Sc. André Hemmler, M.Sc. (Hons) Competence Dipl.-Ing. Marc Hirschvogel ■ Computational continuum mechanics Dipl.-Phys. Lasse Jagschies ■ Design and realization of parallel Dipl.-Ing. Sebastian Kehl software Dr.-Ing. Matthias Mayr ■ %QWRNGFOWNVKƄGNFRTQDNGOU Moritz Thon, M.Sc. ■ Algebraic multigrid methods Dipl.-Ing. Robert Wohlfarth ■ Biomechanics and mechanobiology ■ Soft image registration and inverse problems

Courses ■ Engineering Mechanics 1 (Bachelor MSE) ■ Engineering Mechanics 2 (Bachelor MSE) ■ Structural Mechanics Modeling (Bachelor Maschinenwesen) ■ Advanced Parallel Computing and Solvers in Engineering (Master Maschinenwesen)

Mechanics & High Performance Computing 111 Publications 2016

Peer-Reviewed ■ -GJN5)GG/9  +FGPVKƄECVKQPQH#TVGTKCN ■ Kehl, S., Gee, M.W. (2016): Calibration of parame- Wall Growth Based on Surface Similarity, Proceed- ters for cardiovascular models with application to ings of WCCM 2016, Seoul. ■ arterial growth. International Journal for Numerical Gee, M.W., Thon, M., Glinzer, A. Zernecke, A. Methods in Biomedical Engineering, published (2016): A Fluid-Structure Scalar Scalar Interaction online ahead of print. Model with Application to Early Atherosclerosis ■ Hirschvogel, M.; Bassilious, M.; Jagschies, L.; Progression, Proceedings of WCCM 2016, Seoul. ■ Wildhirt, S.M.; Gee, M.W. (2016) A monolithic 3D-0D Hemmler, A., Gee, M.W. (2016): Prediction of coupled closed-loop model of the heart and the Aneurysm Rupture Risk and Endovascular Repair vascular system: Experiment-based parameter (EVAR) Outcome Using Numerical Modeling, caMe GUVKOCVKQPHQTRCVKGPVURGEKƄEECTFKCEOGEJCPKEU Conference, Nürnberg, Germany ■ International Journal for Numerical Methods in Gee, M.W., Thon, M., Hirschvogel, M., Hemmler, Biomedical Engineering, published online ahead of A., Mayr, M., Glinzer, A., Wildgruber, M., Zernecke- print. Madsen, A. (2016): Computational Atherosclerosis. ■ de Vaal, H., Gee, M.W., Stock, U., Wall, W.A. (2016) Können Simulationsmodelle helfen kardiovaskuläre Computational Evaluation of Aortic Occlusion and Erkrankungen zu verstehen? VDI Simulation in der the Proposal of a Novel, Improved Occluder: Cons- Fahrzeugtechnik Konferenz, Baden-Baden. ■ trained Endo-Aortic Balloon Occlusion (CEABO), Hirschvogel, M.; Bassilious, M.; Jagschies, L.; International Journal for Numerical Methods in Wildhirt, S.M.; Gee, M.W. (2016): Experiment- Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 32. based parameter estimation for 3D-0D coupled ■ Biehler, J., Kehl, S., Gee, M.W., Schmies, F., Pelisek, RCVKGPVURGEKƄEECTFKQXCUEWNCTF[PCOKEUOQFGNU J., Maier, A., Reeps, C., Eckstein, H.-H., Wall, W.A. ECCOMAS European Congress on Computational (2016) Probabilistic noninvasive prediction of abdo- Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering, minal aortic aneurysm using Bayesian regression, Crete, Greece, June 5-10, 2016 ■ Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology, Hemmler, A., Gee, M.W. (2016): Numerical Stent- pp. 1-17. )TCHV5KOWNCVKQPKP2CVKGPV5RGEKƄE###'%%1/#5 European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering, Crete, Greece, Non-Peer Reviewed June 5-10, 2016 ■  /C[T/)GG/9  'PJCPEKPIVJG'HƄEKGPE[ ■ )GG/9-GJN5  +FGPVKƄECVKQPQH and Robustness of Monolithic Fluid-Structure aneurysm progression based on surface similarity, Interaction Solvers, invited, ECCOMAS European ECCOMAS European Congress on Computational Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering, Sciences and Engineering, Crete, Greece, June Crete, Greece, June 5-10, 2016 5-10, 2016

112 Mechanics & High Performance Computing Non-destructive Testing

Quality control, non-destructive testing and structural health monitoring

■6JGHQEWUQHVJG+PUVKVWVGQH0QPFGUVTWEVKXG6GUVKPIKPVJGƄGNFQH mechanical engineering in 2016 was to establish NDT methods for the KPURGEVKQPQHƄDGTTGKPHQTEGFOCVGTKCNU %(42CPF)(42 VQIGVJGTYKVJ partners in the automotive and aeronautic industry.

Further research is conducted in the of the infrastructure, the development ƄGNFQHYKPFGPGTI[UVTWEVWTCNJGCNVJ of self-healing techniques for concrete monitoring of tower and basement and and for the detection of vertical cracks in non-destructive testing of rotor blades. concrete pavements of highways (solving In civil engineering, the focus was on the blow-up problem). inspection techniques for constructions Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Christian U. Große Project: MAI ZfP Contact The leading edge cluster, MAI Carbon pro- www.zfp.tum.de vides the unique opportunity to promote [email protected] PQPFGUVTWEVKXGVGUVKPIQHƄDGTTGKPHQTEGF Phone +49.89.289.27221 polymers on a large scale and to establish them in an industrial environment. Within the aerospace context, non-destructive testing has already been used success- fully for years. However, its usage on ƄDGTTGKPHQTEGFRQN[OGTUKPCWVQOQDKNG manufacturing and engineering is still in the early stages. At the same time, Using ultrasound technology on a carbon composite requirements vary widely within the sample industrial sectors and therefore require new approaches to testing. Quantities, overall goal is cost reduction in compo- which the aerospace industry produces in nent production in order to increase the a year, may be produced daily in automo- competitiveness of German companies. bile manufacturing. The objective of the Numerous NDT techniques are applied MAI ZfP project is to investigate which during the project including ultrasound in testing methods are applicable in this TGƅGEVKQP RJCUGFCTTC[ QRVKECNNQEMKP context. For this, a round robin test was thermography, modal analysis and local conducted with several industrial partners. acoustic resonance spectroscopy. The Technical aspects as well as economic project ended in February 2016 and HCEVQTUKPƅWGPEGVJGCUUGUUOGPV4GUWNVU was funded by the Federal Ministry of of the round robin test were presented at Education and Research (BMBF) and the the World Conference of Non-Destructive Bavarian Ministry of Economic Affairs and Testing (WCNDT) in 2016 in Munich. The Media, Energy and Technology.

Non-destructive Testing 113 Project: Concrete Pavement Scanner

pavements, most of the conventional techniques like ultrasonics or ground penetrating radar have drawbacks in imaging the above mentioned defects. On the other hand, testing methods based on the propagation of elastic waves have high UGPUKVKXKV[VQƅCYUNKMGFGNCOKPCVKQPUCPF have potential to be applied to concrete pavements in an automated manner. This project focuses on developing an acoustic scanning method to image rele- 3D sketch and implementation of Aging infrastructure is a major topic of inte- vant damage inside concrete pavements. an acoustic scanner prototype rest that also applies to road networks. For The approach aims to develop a new targeted maintenance and repair measures acquisition strategy for the so-called NDT tools to characterize the current state impact-echo method. Primary goals are of structural elements are highly desirable. the development of sensing systems Concrete pavements approaching the end DCUGFQPOKETQRJQPGCTTC[UURGEKƄECNN[ of their service life can suffer from damage tailored to the demands of concrete not visible on the surface but potentially pavement testing. Further, acquisition affecting safety and serviceability. Such strategies and hardware aspects for test- damage includes horizontal cracks or ing entire road sections will be examined. delaminations within the pavement 6JGRTQLGEVKUƄPCPEGFD[VJG(GFGTCN structure due to heat induced stress Highway Research Institute (BASt) under QTFGVTKOGPVCNEJGOKECNKPƅWGPEGUHQT the authority of the Federal Ministry of example. Although several non-destructive Transport and Digital Infrastructure (BMVI). testing methods can be applied to concrete

Project: Hydro Acoustic Tracing Concept

6TQWVUVTCXGNWRUVTGCOVQURCYP where hydropower facilities constitute a major obstacle

The scope of work is the development of VKXGPGUUQHƄUJRCUUCIGVGEJPQNQIKGU a hydro acoustic measurement concept The built-up prototype showed promising VQVTCEGOQXKPIQDLGEVUYKVJKPCFGƄPGF results during test measurements at a volume of water. One example of applica- model plant of the Obernach Research VKQPKUVJGVTCEKPIQHƄUJPGCTJ[FTQRQYGT Institute (Chair of Hydraulic and Water facilities to verify and optimize the effec- Resources Engineering).

114 Non-destructive Testing Project: MISTRALWind

Within the next few years, many estab- term non-destructive testing techniques lished wind turbines are going to reach the for tower and foundation of onshore wind end of their nominal service life, which is turbines. Both techniques have success- 20 years. Maintaining and operating struc- fully been applied to a full size 3 MW wind tural parts of wind turbines beyond their turbine. The results are combined and nominal service life makes sense from an serve to evaluate loads and the actual economical and technical point of view. To state of the structure. reach this aim, a concept for inspection With the aid of the acquired data, main- and monitoring of structural parts of wind tenance and servicing costs shall be opti- turbines is developed in cooperation with mized. Beyond that, evaluated data will IABG, Siemens, Max Bögl Wind AG, as be employed as a basis for an extension well as the Chair of Structural Analysis and of the service life of wind turbines and for the Chair of Materials Science and Testing the development of a control strategy that of the Technical University of Munich. considers the remaining service life. The The work of the Institute of Non-destruc- project is funded by the Federal Ministry tive Testing is focused on developing a for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi). Monitored wind turbine in the long-term monitoring system and short- TGIKQPQH1DGTRHCN\

Project: HEALCON

Since 2013 the project HEALCON – Selfhealing materials for prolonged lifetime – is sponsored by the European Commis- sion in the seventh framework program. The aim is the development of structures made of self-healing concrete having an inherent healing mechanism that becomes active when a crack appears, thus ren- Self-healed crack in a concrete beam with PU-based dering manual crack repair completely polymers after a 3P-bending test obsolete. In order to obtain such automatic crack agents as well as the development of test- closure, HEALCON European project ing methods as tools for the stakeholders partners are investigating the use of VQRTQXGVJGUGNHJGCNKPIGHƄEKGPE['ZRGTK- PU-based polymer precursors, superab- OGPVCNTGUWNVUQHUOCNNUECNGVGUVUEQPƄTO sorbent polymers and bacteria. The role of the capability of selected NDT methods to the Institute of Non-destructive Testing is characterize material properties plus the the support of the design of such healing JGCNKPIRTQEGUUCPFKVUGHƄEKGPE[

Research Focus Competence ■ Material testing using non-destructive ■ Material testing using non-destructive techniques in mechanical and civil techniques in mechanical and civil engineering, automotive, aeronautics, engineering, automotive, aeronautics, bio engineering bio engineering ■ Development and improvement of NDT ■ Development and improvement of NDT techniques techniques ■ Structural health monitoring ■ Structural health monitoring ■ Sensor characterization and sensor ■ Sensor characterization and sensor combinations combinations

Non-destructive Testing 115 Infrastructure Research Scientists ■ NDT laboratory with contemporary NDT Max Botz, M.Sc. equipment, sensors and cameras Julia Frisch, M.Sc., external ■ Calibration facilities, modeling tools Dipl.-Ing. Peter Föhr ■ 14 different mechanical testing Christian Geiss, M.Sc., external machines, microscopes Jan-Carl Grager, M.Sc., external Dipl.-Geophys. Robin Groschup Courses Sebastian Heckner, M.Sc., external ■ Material Science II (Munich School of Dipl.-Ing. Philipp Jatzlau Engineering) Denis Kiefel, M.Sc., external ■ Non-destructive Testing in Civil Michael Mosch, M.Sc., external Engineering Fabian Malm, M.Sc. ■ Applications in Non-destructive Testing Dr. rer. nat. Katja Pinkert in Mechanical Engineering Dipl.-Phys. Martin Radlmeier, external ■ NDT Seminar Manuel Raith, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Bernhard Wondra, external Management Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Christian Große, Director Technical Staff Sonja Hafenmayer, Secretary Franziska Gemander Sebastian Münchmeyer Marina Nahm

Publications 2016

■ Kocur, G.K.; Saenger, E. H.; Grosse, C. U.; Vogel, ■ J.-C. Grager, M. Schrapp, H. Mooshofer; C.U. T.: Time reverse modeling of acoustic emissions Grosse: Ultrasonic Imaging of Carbon Fiber-Rein- in a reinforced concrete beam. Ultrasonics (2016), forced Plastics Using the Full Matrix Capture Data Volume 65, pp. 96-104 Acquisition Technique. Tagungsband WCNDT. ■ C. Grosse, D. Aggelis, T. Shiotani: Concrete München 2016 Structures. In: Innovative AE and NDT Techniques ■ Gruyaert, E.; Feiteira, J.; Malm, F.; Tziviloglou, E.; for On-Site Measurement of Concrete and Masonry Schlangen, E.; Grosse, C. U.; De Belie, N.: Non-de- Structures (Ed. Ohtsu, M.), RILEM State-of-the-Art structive testing techniques to evaluate the healing Reports 20, Springer Berlin Heidelberg (2016), GHƄEKGPE[QHUGNHJGCNKPIEQPETGVGCVNCDUECNGVJ RR|&1+ International Conference on Emerging Technologies ■ B. Wondra, M. Botz, C. U. Grosse: Wireless moni- in Non-destructive Testing, Brussels, Belgium, 2015 toring of structural components of wind turbines ■ %7)TQUUG/QFWNGUHQTCPGHƄEKGPVCPFJQNKUVKE including tower and foundations. The Science of CRRNKECVKQPQH0&6OGVJQFUHQTƄDGTTGKPHQTEGF Making Torque from Wind (TORQUE 2016), IOP polymers. Tagungsband ECCM17. München 2016 Publishing, Journal of Physics: Conference Series ■ C. U. Grosse: Bausteine für eine moderne Zerstö- 753 (2016), doi:10.1088/1742-6596/753/7/072033 rungsfreie Prüfung von Faserverbundwerkstoffen. ■ G. K. Kocur, E. H. Saenger, C. U. Grosse, T. Vogel: |9ØT\DWTIGT6CIWPIHØT+PPQXCVKXG\GTUVÒTWPIU- Time reverse modeling of acoustic emissions in a freie Prüfverfahren (ZfP) für moderne Kunststoffe reinforced concrete beam, Ultrasonics, Volume 65, 2014 February 2016, Pages 96-104, ISSN 0041-624X, ■ S. Heckner, M. Geistbeck, C. U. Grosse; S. Eibl, A. DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2015.10.014 Helwig: FTIR Spectroscopy as a non-destructive ■ S. Grumbein, D. Minev, M. Tallawi, K. Boettcher, testing method for CFRP surfaces in aerospace. F. Prade, F. Pfeiffer, C. U. Grosse, and O. Lieleg, 7th International Symposium on NDT in Aerospace.  *[FTQRJQDKE2TQRGTVKGUQH$KQƄNO'P- Bremen 2015 riched Hybrid Mortar. Adv. Mater. doi:10.1002/ ■ 2,CV\NCW//ØNNGT%7)TQUUG+FGPVKƄECVKQP adma.201602123 of Flawed CFRC Samples Using Local Acoustic ■ C. U. Grosse, F. Malm: Combination of Inspection Resonance Spectroscopy (LARS). Tagungsband and Monitoring Techniques for the Detection of WCNDT. München 2016 Fractures in Concrete with Self-Healing Properties, ■ M. G. R. Sause, R. Stößel, R. Oster, R. Söhnchen, P. 9th International Conference on Fracture Mechanics Jahnke, A. Seemann, M. Goldammer, C.U. Grosse of Concrete and Concrete Structures FraMCoS-9, (2016): MAIzfp – A Joint Research Effort on NDT of Berkeley, California Fiber Reinforced Composites within the Leading- ■ C. U. Grosse, P. Jatzlau, M. Goldammer, G. Edge Cluster MAI Carbon. Proc. 19th World Confe- Heichler, P. Jahnke, M. Ulrich, M. G. R. Sause, R. rence on Non-Destructive Testing, Munich, DGZfP Stößel, D. Kiefel: Comparison of NDT Techniques to Evaluate CFRC – Results Obtained in a MAIzfp Round Robin Test. Tagungsband WCNDT. München 2016

116 Non-destructive Testing Turbomachinery and Flight Propulsion

Experimental investigation and numerical simulation of VWTDQOCEJKPGT[EQORQPGPVUCPFƅKIJVRTQRWNUKQPU[UVGOU

■ Research activities of the Institute of Flight Propulsion in 2015 covered VQRKEUKPVJGƄGNFUQHƅKIJVRTQRWNUKQPICUVWTDKPGUCPFVJGTOCNVWTDQOC chinery. Based on a long tradition the institute develops thermo-dynamic engine models in order to investigate steady and unsteady gas turbine engine and turbomachinery behavior.

The history of the Institute of Flight is the framework agreement between the Propulsion (LFA) reaches back to 1964, Institute of Flight Propulsion/TUM, the YJGP2TQH/ØP\DGTIYCUƄTUVCRRQKPVGF Bavarian Government and GE Global Re- head of the chair in downtown Munich. search Europe. The cooperation includes Since its foundation the institute has been the development of the world’s most dedicated to research and teaching in the advanced high-speed research radial and Prof. Dr.-Ing. ƄGNFQHLGVRTQRWNUKQPCPFICUVWTDKPGU axial compressor laboratories focused on Volker Gümmer The institute is an active member of developing tomorrow’s aircraft engines national research associations, participant and gas turbines. At the end of 2016 the Contact in European research projects and long- ƄTUVVGUVXGJKENGQPVJGPGYCZKCNEQO- www.ltf.mw.tum.de term partner of leading aero-engine and pressor testbed was commissioned and [email protected] component manufacturers. One highlight tested at Garching. Phone +49.89.289.16164

Compressor Aerodynamics, Performance and Operating Range Extension

The stability of transonic axial compres- UQTUKUOCKPN[VTKIIGTGFD[VJGVKRICRƅQY and its interaction with the passage main ƅQY5GXGTCNUGEQPFCT[ƅQYRJGPQOGPC occur, e.g. shock-vortex interaction. Casing treatments (CTs) have shown their ability to enhance the stability of transonic axial compressor rotors at near stall con- FKVKQPUD[KPƅWGPEKPIVJGPGCTECUKPIƅQY ƄGNF%6UCTGCRRNKGFQXGTVJGEQORTGUUQT rotor and can be designed differently, but all QHVJGOGPGTIK\GVJGPGCTECUKPIƅQYƄGNF (NQYƄGNFXKUWCNK\CVKQPQHCPCZKCNUNQVECUKPIVTGCVOGPV At the LTF, especially tip blowing (TBCT) applied on a tip critical transonic compressor rotor: ƅQYYKVJPGICVKXGCZKCNXGNQEKV[EQORQPGPV DNWG  and axial slot casing treatments (AxCTs) UVTGCONKPGUQHVKRICRXQTVGZTGEKTEWNCVGFƅQYGPVGTKPI have been investigated. These CT types the passage (red). TGEKTEWNCVGƅQYHTQOCFQYPUVTGCORCTV CICKPUVVJGOCKPƅQYFKTGEVKQPKPHTQPV The focus of the present studies lies on of the leading edge of the compressor VJGKPƅWGPEGQH%6UQPVJGUVCIGOCVEJ- rotor. Besides a tremendous extension of ing of a multi-stage compressor. For this the operating range, studies at the LTF purpose, CFD studies are carried out for a have also shown a positive effect on the three-stage transonic axial compressor. RGCMGHƄEKGPE[RQKPVCVFGUKIPURGGFQH The unsteady interaction between main the treated rotor. Most of the previous ƅQYCPFVJGGZKVKPICPFTGGPVGTKPIVTGCV investigations have been carried out using OGPVƅQYKUKPXGUVKICVGFWUKPIUVCVGQH a rotor only model. To use CTs in real the art phase lag simulations. The studies applications, it is necessary to gain more are performed in close cooperation with knowledge on how the CTs behave in a associated national research institutes and multistage environment. industry partners.

Turbomachinery and Flight Propulsion 117 Computational Aeroacoustics for Ducted and Unducted Turbomachinery

operating conditions. In order to improve state-of-the-art turbomachinery, methods for direct and hybrid sound prediction are evolved and applied in combination with JKIJƄFGNKV[EQORWVCVKQPCNƅWKFF[PCOKEU analyses. Based on time-resolved simulations of the ƅQYƄGNFFGVGTOKPKUVKECPFPQPFGVGT- Methodology for hybrid acoustic ministic sources for aerodynamically gen- RTGFKEVKQPUTGN[KPIQPJKIJƄFGNKV[ GTCVGFUQWPFECPDGKFGPVKƄGFVQFGFWEG ƅQYƄGNFUKOWNCVKQPUCPFKPJQWUG UQWPFGZVTCRQNCVKQPTQWVKPGU avenues for passively reducing noise. The TCFKCVGFUQWPFƄGNFKUVJGPFGVGTOKPGF D[GZVTCRQNCVKPIVJGƅQYƄGNFFCVCKPVQ Growing environmental awareness raises VJGCEQWUVKEHCTƄGNFD[OGCPUQHKPJQWUG FGOCPFHQTJKIJN[GHƄEKGPVCPFNQYPQKUG acoustic solvers, based on the Ffowcs emitting turbomachinery, guaranteeing Williams and Hawkings method. stable operation under a large range of

Supersonic Combustion Research for Scramjet Applications

technologies to be mastered for these RTQRWNUKQPU[UVGOU9KVJEQODWUVQTƅQY velocities as high as Mach 2, the resi- dence time of air inside the engine is a few milliseconds. Therefore, mixing and EQODWUVKQPRTQEGUUGUOWUVDGGHƄEKGPV and extremely fast. 6JGKPVGTPCNƅQYQHCUETCOLGVEQODWUVQT is studied on a supersonic combustion test bed at the Institute of Flight Propul- Supersonic combustion test bed A scramjet (supersonic combustion sion. Current research topics are related to at the Institute of Flight Propul- ramjet) is a future air breathing propulsion improving combustion stability, reducing UKQPVYQUVCIGFHWGNKPLGEVKQP GZRGTKOGPV concept for high speed vehicles traveling auto-ignition temperatures and increas- faster than Mach 5. It is one of the most KPIEQODWUVQTGHƄEKGPE[WUKPIECVCN[VKE promising propulsion concepts for future radical farming, as well as the experimen- space transportation systems and hyper- tal investigation of the non-reacting and UQPKEƅKIJVXGJKENGU TGCEVKPIKPVGTPCNƅQYRJGPQOGPCWUKPI Despite decades of research in this area, optical measurement techniques and scramjets still offer several unresolved FGXGNQRKPIEQUVGHƄEKGPVVQQNUVQUKOWNCVG challenges. The supersonic combus- VJGUGRCTVKCNN[TGCEVKPIƅQYU tion within the engine is one of the key

118 Turbomachinery and Flight Propulsion Compact Turboshaft Engine Quick-Start System for Rotorcraft Applications

Current helicopters of the light and me- dium class have two engines installed for safety reasons. However, this installed RQYGTKUTCTGN[PGGFGFFWTKPICƅKIJVOKU- sion and the engines are operating mainly KPRCTVNQCFNGCFKPIVQRQQTURGEKƄEHWGN consumption. An operational strategy FWTKPIƅKIJVECPDGCPKPVGPFGFUJWVFQYP of one engine. The required power is then covered by the remaining engine which thus runs at higher loads at enhanced URGEKƄEHWGNEQPUWORVKQP6JGTGYKVJHWGN can be saved, the mission range can be enhanced and emissions can be reduced. In case of failure of the remaining run- ning engine, the shut-off engine has to DGSWKEMUVCTVECRCDNGHQTƅKIJVUCHGV[ TGCUQPU3WCPVKƄECVKQPQHVJGHWGNUCXKPIU is based on air injection through Laval Engine testbed with installed is a focal point of research on intended nozzles inside the compressor section. quick-start system single engine operation. 6JGTGYKVJCUKIPKƄECPVUVCTVWRVKOGTG- Since this engine usage strategy is limited duction can be achieved. Proof of concept VQEGTVCKPCTGCUQHVJGJGNKEQRVGTƅKIJV was realized by shop air. Currently, for GPXGNQRGƅKIJVRGTHQTOCPEGCPCN[UKU independent air supply a pressure bottle of the helicopter has to be performed in is used and further research is carried CFXCPEG6JGPTGCNKUVKEƅKIJVOKUUKQPU out. This system is capable of being CTGEJQUGPHQTUWDUGSWGPVƅKIJVOKUUKQP integrated into a helicopter airframe. For simulation and evaluation regarding a HWTVJGTKPXGUVKICVKQPQHVJGKPƅWGPEGQPVJG useful operational strategy. For realization helicopter drive powertrain, the testbed of engine quick-starts a new system was engine was successfully coupled with developed and evaluated at the turbo- the research simulator of the Institute for shaft engine testbed. Its working principle Helicopter Technology.

Structural Design and Optimization of Aircraft Engine Components

Higher turbine inlet temperatures as well as lightweight design are key parame- VGTUHQTDGVVGTQXGTCNNGHƄEKGPE[QHHWVWTG propulsion systems and involve new design concepts especially for turbine components. Besides this, the new design should also meet or exceed the reliability requirements of conventional designs. In terms of lifetime prediction, several damage mechanisms occurring in turbine components are considered. To meet these requirements, the idea to equip tur- Damage distribution in a generic turbine disk with (left) and without (right) incorporated heat pipe bine disks with incorporated heat pipes in

Turbomachinery and Flight Propulsion 119 order to reduce the temperature gradient, component damage in the range of the which develops during the mission of a contact area between the heat pipes gas turbine engine inside the part, is in- and the material. During transient engine XGUVKICVGFWUKPIVJGƄPKVGGNGOGPVOGVJQF operations, the damage assumes maxi- (FEM). mum values, especially during brief rotor Regarding lifetime prediction, it could be accelerations, which affect the estimated UJQYPVJCVVJGOQFKƄECVKQPQHEQPXGP- lifespan. tional turbine disks implies high cyclical

Centrifugal Compressor Test Rig

Research topics like operation range ex- RCPUKQPD[ƅQYEQPVTQNKORCEVQHKORGNNGT surface roughness, performance validation of 3D industrial compressor design and variable inlet guide vanes (IGVs) have been conducted. LTF will continuously expand its research capacity and the successful cooperation between LTF and GE Global Research will continue. Future research will focus on multistage axial-radial compressor tests for a new generation of small turboprop GPIKPGUKPVJGUJRENCUU6QHWNƄNNVJG new requirements for the test article a fundamental upgrade of the test rig to the HQNNQYKPIURGEKƄECVKQPUKUKPRTQITGUU Centrifugal compressor test rig In the year 2010 a new high-speed radial ■ 3,000 kW electric motor compressor test rig was commissioned ■ 55,000 rpm max. speed in cooperation with GE Global Research. ■ Data acquisition system with up to The latter meets the industrial stand- 1400 signals ards for design and testing and enables In this way LTF ensures its competitive- experimental testing of different types of ness in state of the art compressor tech- modern centri- fugal compressors with nology research. drive power up to 800 kW and a maximum speed of 30,000 rpm. The test facility The project is funded by the Bavarian can be operated either in open-loop or Ministry of Economic Affairs and GE Glo- ENQUGFNQQREQPƄIWTCVKQP6JGTGUGCTEJ bal Research in Garching, in collaboration activity focuses on the optimization of with GE Oil & Gas and GE Aviation. centrifugal stage components and their OWVWCNKPVGTCEVKQPUKPVGTOUQHGHƄEKGPE[ and operation range.

120 Turbomachinery and Flight Propulsion Research Focus Courses ■ Turbomachinery Aerodynamics: ■ Flight Propulsion I & II Investigation of aerodynamic phenom- ■ Turbomachinery (Basics and Advanced) ena, performance and and new design ■ Mechanical Design of Jet Engines approaches in axial as well as radial ■ Aerodynamic Design of Turbo- turbomachinery, including high-lift con- machinery ƄIWTCVKQPUCPFƅQYEQPVTQN ■ Application of Fluidmechanic Calcula- ■ Propulsor Technologies: tion Methods for Flight Propulsion Investigation and development of ■ Technology and Development of Next propulsor multi-disciplinary and system Generation Aero Engines interaction aspects, including intake ■ FEM and CFD Design of Turbo- aerodynamics and inlet distortion machinery ■ Turbomachinery Components Design and Make Concepts: Management 4GUGCTEJKPVJGƄGNFQHPQXGNEQORQ- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Volker Gümmer (Ordinarius) nent architectures and use of novel Prof. Dr.-Ing. Oskar Haidn ways of manufacturing in aero engines Dr.-Ing. Wolfgang Erhard ad gas turbines Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Hupfer ■ Novel Turbomachinery Systems: Investigation and development of novel Adjunct Professors gas turbine system cycles including Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hanns-Jürgen Lichtfuß heat exchanger enhancements Dr.-Ing. Jörg Henne, MTU Aero Engines Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans Rick Competence Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Rist ■ Numerical and experimental investiga- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. mult. Günter Kappler tion in gas turbines and turbomachinery components Administrative Staff ■ Gas turbine performance simulation Andrea Edlmann ■ Fluid dynamics and structural mecha- Karin Engels nics of turbomachinery components Angelika Heininger

Infrastructure Research Scientists ■ Helicopter engine testbed Dipl.-Ing. Florian Danner ■ Test rig for centrifugal compressors Dipl.-Ing. Sina Eisenmann ■ Test rig for axial compressor Andreas Feierabend, M.Sc. ■ Subsonic and supersonic combustion Fabian Fuchs, M.Sc. testbed /KEJCGN*QRƄPIGT/5E ■ Testbeds for very small gas turbine André Inzenhofer, M.Sc. engines Christofer Kendall-Torry, M.Sc. ■ Institute’s own computer cluster with Dipl.-Ing. Martin Kerler more than 350 cores Daria Kolmakova, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Sebastian Lang, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Daniel Paukner Dipl.-Ing. Marcel Schmieder Tobias Schmidt, M.Sc. Chengyu Zhang, M.Sc Zimmermann Anna, M.Sc.

Technical Staff Zoe Gerstung Roland Grubert Ralf Priller

Turbomachinery and Flight Propulsion 121 Publications 2016

■ Sina Eisenmann, Tobias Schmidt, Volker Güm- ■ Fabian Fuchs, Vitus Meidinger, Nicolas Neuburger, mer and Andreas Hupfer: Fatigue Analysis of a Thorsten Reiter, Magnus Zündel, Andreas Hupfer: Cylindrical Turbine Disk with Integrated Heat Pipes, Challenges in designing very small jet engines – fuel 52nd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, distribution and atomization, ISROMAC 2016, Inter- Propulsion and Energy Forum, (AIAA-2016-4853), national Symposium on Transport Phenomena and Salt Lake City, USA, 2016 Dynamics of Rotating Machinery, Hawaii, Honolulu, ■ Martin Kerler, Christian Schäffer, Wolfgang Erhard, 2016 8QNMGT)ØOOGT&GUKIP2CTCOGVGT+FGPVKƄECVKQPQH ■ André Inzenhofer, Cyril Guinet, Volker Gümmer, the Air Supply for a Turboshaft Engine Quick-Start Bernd Becker, Patrick Grothe, Frank Heinichen: System, 52nd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Difference in the Working Principle of Axial Slot and Conference, Propulsion and Energy Forum, (AIAA- Tip Blowing Casing Treatments, GT2016-56966, 2016-5062), Salt Lake City, USA, 2016 ASME Turbo Expo 2016, Seoul, South Korea, 2016 ■ Martin Kerler, Christian Schäffer, Wolfgang Erhard, ■ Christofer Kendall-Torry, Florian Danner: Inves- Volker Gümmer: Design of an Airworthy Turboshaft tigation On Direct and Hybrid Sound Prediction, Engine Quick-Start System with Compact Pres- GT2016-57612, ASME Turbo Expo 2016, Seoul, surized Air Supply for Rotorcraft Application, 42nd South Korea, 2016 European Rotorcraft Forum, Lille, France, 2016 ■ Cyril Guinet, André Inzenhofer, Volker Gümmer: ■ Martin Kerler, Yvonne Heibel, Wolfgang Erhard: +PƅWGPEKPI2CTCOGVGTUQH6KR$NQYKPI+PVGTCEVKPI Evaluation of Future Helicopter Powertrain Con- with Rotor Tip Flow, ASME Journal of Turbomachin- cepts Regarding Flight Mission and Operational ery, Vol. 139, 2016 Aspects, American Helicopter Society 72nd Annual Forum Proceedings, West Palm Beach, FA, USA, 2016

122 Turbomachinery and Flight Propulsion Materials Handling, Material Flow, Logistics/Technical Logistics

Basic and applied research in logistics engineering

■6JG+PUVKVWVGHQT/CVGTKCNU*CPFNKPI/CVGTKCN(NQYCPF.QIKUVKEU perceives itself as an open research institution aiming to contribute to UEKGPVKƄERTQITGUUKPVJGCTGCUQHOCVGTKCNƅQYVGEJPQNQI[CPFNQIKUVKEU engineering.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dipl.-Wi.-Ing. Willibald A. Günthner

Contact

www.fml.mw.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.15921

6JGIWKFCPEGU[UVGOn2TÀ8+5+10oYCTPUHQTMNKHVFTKXGTUCICKPUVWREQOKPIEQNNKUKQPU

Taking into account current economic, against upcoming collisions. Due to the ecological, social and technological devel- drivers’ limited sight, many accidents opments, such as continuing volatility of occur – often with human impact. A time- the markets, changing demography and QHƅKIJVECOGTCFGNKXGTU&CPF&FCVC technological innovations, the focus of the independent of the environmental lighting. KPUVKVWVGKUQPFGUKIPKPICFCRVKXGƅGZKDNG Using state-of-the-art methods of com- sustainable and human-oriented/humane puter vision, these data are used to detect logistics systems and technology. In the people in real time and predict possible Prof. Dr.-Ing. project ‘PräVISION’, the Institute develops accidents by calculating relative speeds. Johannes Fottner a guidance system to warn fork lift drivers Contact

www.fml.mw.tum.de [email protected] Innovative Conveyor Technology Phone +49.89.289.15921

Automated material handling systems modular control algorithm is developed, are widely used in industry due to high based upon a two-layer architecture that throughputs and good process quality. In separates the hardware control from the order to fully utilize their potential, these OCVGTKCNƅQYEQPVTQN6JGOQFWNCTEQPVTQN systems have to be custom-built, requiring CNIQTKVJOCNNQYURTGFGƄPGFOQFWNGUHQT individually created control software. both the conveyor hardware and material The engineering process of the control ƅQYGNGOGPVUVQDGETGCVGFCPFVJGP software includes extensive manual pro- CUUGODNGFKPVJGPGGFGFEQPƄIWTCVKQP gramming, because a modular structure As a result, the control software for a cus- QHVJGEQPVTQNCNIQTKVJOYKVJRTGFGƄPGF tom-built material handling system can be modules is often missing. In the aComA ETGCVGFD[CTTCPIKPIRTGFGƄPGFOQFWNGU project (automatische Codegenerierung and setting their parameters, thus without für modular aufgebaute Anlagen) such a manual programming.

Materials Handling, Material Flow, Logistics 123 Projects ■ aComA – Automatische Codegeneri- erung für modular aufgebaute Anlagen der Intralogistik (BFS) ■ DEM-Schüttgutdatenbank (IGF) ■ FlexiFuel (EU) ■ iSiKon – Gesteigerte Flexibilität in het- GTQIGPCWHIGDCWVGP/CVGTKCNƅWUUU[UVG- men (DFG) ■ PräVISION – Methodenentwicklung zur präventiven Steigerung der Arbe- itssicherheit an Flurförderzeugen mit Umsetzung eines Assistenzsystems durch Fusion und Analyse von 2D- und A two-layer architecture enables modular control 3D-Bilddaten (DGUV) algorithms for automated material handling systems ■ Teilautomatische Palettenaufnahme als Fahrerassistenzsystem für Flurförder- zeuge (Jungheinrich)

Sustainable Logistics Systems

Energy classes help to evaluate VJGGPGTI[GHƄEKGPE[QHTCEM feeders

+PVJGNCUVHGY[GCTUGPGTI[GHƄEKGPE[ VJGNQIKUVKECNDGPGƄVUQHCTCEMHGGFGTCPF and sustainability have become increas- its energy consumption. The logistical ingly important issues for logistics. This DGPGƄVUQHCTCEMHGGFGTJCXGPQV[GV trend called ‘green logistics’ is fueled DGGPFGƄPGFRTGEKUGN[CPFCTGVJGUWDLGEV by rising energy costs and stricter legal of the research project. Essential for the requirements. To aim to the big future goal EQORCTCVKXGCUUGUUOGPVQHVJGGHƄEKGPE[ QHUWUVCKPCDNGCPFGHƄEKGPVKPVTCNQIKUVKEU of very different designs is a uniform processes, we develop models for the EJCTCEVGTK\CVKQPQHVJGNQIKUVKECNDGPGƄVU RTGFKEVKQPQHGPGTI[GHƄEKGPE['HƄEKGPE[ generally refers to a relationship between Projects DGPGƄVUCPFEQUVU#KOQHVJGTGEGPVN[ ■ 'PVYKEMNWPIXQP'PGTIKGGHƄ\KGP\MNCU- launched research project ‘Energy sen für Regalbediengeräte (IGF) GHƄEKGPE[ENCUUGUHQTTCEMHGGFGTUoKUVQ ■ Holz-HRL – Wirtschaftliche und ökolo- develop a system for the rapid evaluation gische Potenziale von Hochregallagern QHVJGGPGTI[GHƄEKGPE[QHCWVQOCVGF aus Holz (IGF) storage and retrieval systems with various ■ Lebenszykluskosten intralogistischer FGUKIPU6JGGPGTI[GHƄEKGPE[EQTTGNCVGU Systeme (Jungheinrich)

124 Materials Handling, Material Flow, Logistics Planning and Control of Material Flow Systems

In addition to ordinary automated storage and retrieval systems (AS/RS), a new tech- nology has been developed in the past few years which is based on autonomous vehicles. Autonomous vehicle-based stor- age and retrieval systems (AVS/RS), also known as shuttle systems, are used for storing small unit loads as well as pallets in order to supply picking or production areas based on the goods-to-person prin- ciple and to store articles. In a certain type of systems each vehicle can reach every single storage position. These systems RTQXKFGJKIJƅGZKDKNKV[DWVTGSWKTGEQORNGZ control strategies as several vehicles are moving within the same rail system. Colli- sions need to be avoided and deadlocks among the shuttles have to be dealt with. ■ (NGZKDNG5JWVVNGUHØTGKPGƄNKCNIGTGEJVG Autonomous vehicle-based The main objective of the research project Kommissionierung von Lebensmitteln storage and retrieval systems are used to store small unit loads MOPS was the development of control (ZIM) algorithms for these systems in order to ■ IntegRoute – Ganzheitliche Konzept- TWPVJGOKPCTQDWUVCPFGHƄEKGPVYC[ auswahl für Routenzugsysteme zur Produktionsversorgung – Integrierte Projects Bewertung von Prozess und Technik ■ Dynamische Routenzugsteuerung für (IGF) kurzfristig schwankende Transportbe- ■ -GPP\CJNGPU[UVGO/CVGTKCNƅWUUGHƄ- darfe (DFG) zienz in der Automobillogistik (VW) ■ Entwicklung einer agentenbasierten ■ OptiMAL – Optimale Planung manuell Methodik zur Terminplanoptimierung bedienter Lagersysteme (IGF) im Bauwesen unter Berücksichtigung ■ StartUpLog – Entwicklung eines ressourcenabhängiger Prozesslängen adaptiven Logistikkonzepts für techno- (DFG) logieorientierte Startup-Unternehmen ■ Flexibilitätssteuerung der Inbound- (IGF) Logistik im volatilen Umfeld der Nutzfahrzeugindustrie (MAN.TUM)

Industry 4.0

2TGUGPVFC[OCVGTKCNƅQYU[UVGOUCTG means of function-oriented modules. A mostly operated by an individual central OQFWNGKUFGƄPGFCUCPGPECRUWNCVGFWPKV control. Flexibility is only facilitated within VJCVRGTHQTOURTGFGƄPGFHWPEVKQPUUWEJ RTGFGƄPGFNKOKVU6JKUKUHQTGZCORNGVJG as conveying, buffering or identifying a case when a designated alternative route transport unit. A module possesses all the is temporarily used for a higher through- necessary software functions to control put. New demands on an existing material its hardware, to communicate with other ƅQYU[UVGOYJKEJTGSWKTGƅGZKDKNKV[PQV modules or superior systems and for the originally considered (e.g., an extension of RWTRQUGQHCWVQPQOQWUUGNHEQPƄIWTCVKQP the system) cannot be realized. Sub- Standardized software interfaces and sequently a system can be realized by property descriptions enable collaboration

Materials Handling, Material Flow, Logistics 125 Projects ■ aComA – Automatische Codegeneri- erung für modular aufgebaute Anlagen der Intralogistik (BFS) ■ IntelliREAD – Mehrdimensionale Lokalisierung von Gütern mittels eines INTELLIgenten READers (DFG) ■ iSiKon – Gesteigerte Flexibilität in het- GTQIGPCWHIGDCWVGP/CVGTKCNƅWUUU[UVG- men (DFG) ■ KoDeMat – Befähigung von KMU zur kollaborativen Planung und Entwick- lung heterogener, dezentral gesteuerter /CVGTKCNƅWUUU[UVGOG +)( ■ Mittelstand 4.0 (BMWI) ■ Pick-by-Local-Light – Einsatz von Drahtlossensornetzen in der Kommis- Autonomous vehicle-based between heterogeneous modules, for sionierung (IGF) storage and retrieval system example the combination of a conveyor ■ ToolCloud – Unternehmensübergreif- 9GNNRJQVQUJWVVGTUVQEMEQO with a crane. Consequently, autonomous endes Lebenszyklusmanagement für self-controlled modules enable convertible Werkzeuge in der Cloud mittels eindeu- OCVGTKCNƅQYU[UVGOUVJCVECPDGEJCPIGF VKIGT-GPP\GKEJPWPIWPF+FGPVKƄMCVKQP during runtime. (BMBF)

Humans in Logistics

between the hearing-impaired and their hearing coworkers should also be reduced to approach an inclusion in the whole working environment. The research project is application-oriented and therefore accompanied by industrial partners. One of these partners operates a warehouse and already employs several handicapped people that contribute to the research in stages of requirements analysis, system Handicapped people have limited access design and evaluation. to the job market. The research project Smart glasses include hearing- ‘Work-by-Inclusion’ aims to remedy this Projects impaired order pickers in the FGƄEKGPE[HQTVJGVCTIGVITQWRQHJGCT- ■ Ergo-Jobrotation – Planungsmethodik whole working environment ing-impaired workers in warehouses. The für eine ergonomisch optimale Jobrota- suitability of a technology called Pick-by- tion in der Intralogistik (IGF) Vision is investigated to advance the inclu- ■ Erweiterung System vorbestimmter sion of people with hearing dis abilities. Zeiten zur Bewertung der Arbeitsbelas- This technology visually assists an order tung in der Intralogistik (MAN.TUM) picker in gathering relevant information ■ ValidKomm – Kommissionierarmband to execute his work tasks through the zur Validierung von Picking-Prozessen use of smart glasses, also known as data (AIF) glasses or head-mounted displays. Apart ■ Work by Inclusion – Entwicklung von from the goal of inclusion in working-spe- visuellen Arbeitsmitteln für in Lager- EKƄERTQEGUUGUEQOOWPKECVKQPDCTTKGTU prozessen tätige Gehörlose (BMAS)

126 Materials Handling, Material Flow, Logistics Construction Logistics

Today, the construction industry is subject to enormous requirements in terms of cost savings and on-schedule comple- tion times due to the high complexity of construction projects and the high fragmentation of the construction industry. At this point, the research project BauFlott KUCRRNKGFƅGG67/CJQNKUVKEƅGGVOCP- agement system developed in BauFlott, enables a cross-manufacturer transmis- sion and processing of telematics data in order to better plan, control and monitor KPETGCUGVJGRTQƄVCDKNKV[QHVJGKTJGVGTQIG- ƅGG67/KUCƅGGVOCPCIGOGPV construction logistics and operations over PGQWUEQPUVTWEVKQPGSWKROGPVƅGGV system for construction machines the entire construction machines lifecycle. ƅGG67/TGSWKTGUDCUKEVGNGOCVKEUFCVC Projects for cross-manufacturer construction ■ BauFLott – Entwicklung eines Flotten- equipment management. Therefore, the managementsystems für Baumaschi- standardization of telematics data was nen (IGF) initiated and accompanied. The result was ■ BIMsite – BIM-gestützte Planung, Sim- the ISO 15143-3 telematics data standard. ulation und Monitoring von Baustellen With an online-based resource planning (BFS) for improved construction logistics ■ Entwicklung einer agentenbasierten processes, the evaluation of condition and Methodik zur Terminplanoptimierung performance data and an intelligent main- im Bauwesen unter Berücksichtigung VGPCPEGOCPCIGOGPVƅGG67/UWRRQTVU ressourcenabhängiger Prozesslängen the machine’s owners and operators to (DFG)

Crane Engineering and Design of Load-supporting Structures

4GUGCTEJKPVJGƄGNFUQHETCPGGPIKPGGTKPI and design of load-supporting structures has a long tradition at the Institute fml. One important topic of research is the development of new calculation methods for mobile cranes. These cranes are tall, slender structures with acute-angled suspensions. They show strong non-linear behavior near their load limits. In industrial practice the analysis of these cranes uses VJGSWCUKUVCVKECRRTQCEJCUURGEKƄGF in EN 13001, EN 13000 and FEM 5.004, respectively. The investigation of the cranes’ dynamic behavior by dynamic ƄPKVGGNGOGPVECNEWNCVKQPURCTVN[UJQYGF large deviations from the quasi-static calculations according to the relevant standards. The slewing process revealed Finite element model of a lattice boom crawler crane the biggest differences, followed by

Materials Handling, Material Flow, Logistics 127 JQKUVKPICPFNWHƄPI+PQTFGTVQCXQKF These developments are expected to VKOGEQPUWOKPIF[PCOKEƄPKVGGNGOGPV increase the accuracy of the calculation calculations and to overcome the lacks UKIPKƄECPVN[ of the quasi-static approach according to VJGUVCPFCTFUGHƄEKGPVQUEKNNCVKQPOQFGNU Projects are developed. They enable the generation ■ Systematischer Vergleich der dyna- of quasi-static loads, which represent mischen Beanspruchungen von the maximum dynamic stresses with very Gittermast-Fahrzeugkranen mit den high accuracy. Further research activities Ergebnissen der quasistatischen are concerned with the integration of the Auslegung nach DIN EN 13001 crane drives into the dynamic models.

Research Focus Courses ■ Innovative conveyor technology ■ CAD and Machine Drawing I+II ■ Sustainable logistics systems ■ Materials Handling and Material Flow ■ 2NCPPKPICPFEQPVTQNQHOCVGTKCNƅQY Technology systems ■ Planning of Technical Logistics ■ Industry 4.0 Systems ■ Humans in logistics ■ Machine System Technology ■ Construction logistics ■ Material Flow and Logistics ■ Crane engineering and design of ■ Logistics in the Automotive Industry load-supporting structures ■ Ropeway Technology ■ Development Process for Mobile Competence Machine Tools ■ Logistics planning ■ Conveying of Bulk Goods ■ RFID systems ■ Planning of Intralogistics Systems in an ■ Virtual and augmented reality International Context ■ Real-time location systems ■ FEM and MKS Management ■ Simulation of logistics systems Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dipl.-Wi.-Ing. Willibald A. Günthner Infrastructure Prof. Dr.-Ing. Johannes Fottner ■ Augmented reality picking zone Dipl.-Ing. Stephan Kessler ■ Automatic small parts storage system Dr.-Ing. Michael Kleeberger ■ Electric monorail Christian Lieberoth-Leden, M.Sc. ■ Industrial robot Dipl.-Ing. Marcus Röschinger ■ Kardex shuttle XP 700 Dipl.-Ing. Tobias Staab ■ Mechanic workshop ■ RFID testing equipment Adjunct Professors ■ Testing facility for high-performance Prof. Nikolaus Bauer screw conveyors Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Erich Kirschneck ■ Virtual reality laboratory Administrative Staff Claudia Common Brigitte Stephani Tobias Hemmauer Susanne Höcht, B.Eng.

128 Materials Handling, Material Flow, Logistics Research Scientists Benjamin Molter, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Matthias Amberger Michael Rackl, M.Sc. Bigontina Sonja, M.Sc. Friederike Rechl, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Rainer Ertl Andreas Rücker, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Susann Ertl Dipl.-Ing. Markus Spindler Dipl.-Wi.-Ing. Julia Freis Dipl.-Ing. Matthias vom Stein Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Ing. Stefan Galka Yuan Tan, M.Sc. Lingchong Gao, M.Sc. Felix Top, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Sebastian Habenicht Dr.-Ing. Rui Wang Andreas Habl, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Florian Wenzler Nicole Hietschold, M.Sc. Johannes Zeiler, M.Sc. Dipl.-Inf. Matthias Jung Dipl.-Ing. Amadeusz Kargul Technical Staff Dipl.-Ing. Orthodoxos Kipouridis Alfred Sachs Christopher Keuntje, M.Sc. Werner Ottl Dipl.-Wi.-Ing. Eva Klenk Johannes Bauer Armin Lang, M.Sc. Andreas Busch Dipl.-Ing. Johannes Lechner Niklas Leitermann Christian Lieb, M.Sc. Mario Nodes Thomas Lienert, M.Sc. Nico Philipp Dipl.-Ing. Christopher Ludwig Julian Schoch Dipl.-Kffr. Corinna Maas, M.Sc.

Publications 2016

■ Rackl, M.; Tan, Y.; Günthner, W. A.: Feeding of ■ Krepp, S.; Jahr, K.; Bigontina, S.; Bügler, M.; Biomass: Design Experience with Wood Chips, Bulk Borrmann, A.: BIMsite - Towards a BIM-based Solids Handling (2016) Generation and Evaluation of Realization Variants ■ Rackl, M.; Hanley, K. J.: A Methodical Calibration Comprising Construction Methods, Site Layouts Procedure for Discrete Element Models, Powder and Schedules, Proceedings of the EG-ICE Technology (2016) Workshop on Intelligent Computing in Engineering, ■ Lienert, T.; Günthner, W. A.: Development and Krakow, Poland, 2016, 2016 simulation-based evaluation of an algorithm for ■ Keuntje, C., Thomaser, P., Günthner, W. A.: Ermit- the retrieval-in-sequence for shuttle systems, In: tlung der Zykluszeit von Routenzügen, Zeitschrift für Bruzzone, Jiménez, Longo, Louca, Zhang, Pro- wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb (ZWF), 111 (2016), 10, ceedings of the European Modeling and Simulation RR| 5[ORQUKWORR|+5$0 ■ (TKVUEJ#-*KNFGDTCPFV%)QRKTGFF[5|4 76-8 Rackl, M.; Urbanetz, N. A.: Investigation of ■ Micheli, R.; Schwenk, M.; Günthner, W. A.: Wann RQYFGTƅQYCDKNKV[KPCOQFGNFKGƄNNKPIRTQEGUU kommt die Brennstoffzelle?, Hebezeuge Förder- In: Deutsche Pharmazeutische Gesellschaft e.V., mittel, 2016 (2016), Sonderheft Flurförderzeuge, Annual Meeting of the German Pharmaceutical RR|+550 5QEKGV[s%QPHGTGPEG$QQMRR| ■ Wenzler, F.; Günthner, W. A.: Multi-Agenten-System ISBN 978-3-9816225-3-9 zur Terminplanoptimierung im Bauwesen mit ■ Zhang, Y: Multi-objective evolutionary algorithms gemeinsam genutzten Ressourcen, In: Karl-Heinz of correlated storage assignment strategy, In: Wehking, Tagungsband zum 12. Fachkolloquium Bruzzone, De Felice, Frydman, Massei, Merkuryev der Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft für Technische and Solis, Proc. of the Int. Conference on Modeling Logistik e. V. (WGTL), Universität Stuttgart - Institut and Applied Simulation 2016 (MAS 2016), 2016, für Fördertechnik und Logistik, Stuttgart, 2016, RR|+5$0 RR|+5$0 ■ )CNMC5)ØPVJPGT9#'KPƅWUUXQP#TVKMGNGK- ■ Habenicht, S.; Günthner, W. A.: Model for genschaften auf die Entnahmezeit in Kommission- determining energy consumption using material iersystemen, In: Karl-Heinz Wehking, Tagungsband ƅQYUKOWNCVKQPU2TQEGGFKPIUQHVJG5KZVJ+#56'& 12. Fachkolloquium WGTL, Universität Stuttgart International Conference Modelling, Simulation and +(65VWVVICTVRR|+5$0 +FGPVKƄECVKQP /5+ RR| 054201-5 ■ 4CEMN/)ØPVJPGT9#'HƄ\KGPVG-CNKDTKGTWPI ■ Günthner, W. A.; Vogel-Heuser, B.; Kargul A.: von DEM-Materialmodell-Parametern, In: Günthner, Hietschold N.; Rehberger S.; Kessler S.: BauFlott - W.A.; Fottner, J.; Katterfeld, A.; Krause, F., 21. Entwicklung eines Flottenmanagementsystems für (CEJVCIWPI5EJØVVIWVHÒTFGTVGEJPKMRR| Baumaschinen, Forschungsbericht, Lehrstuhl fml, 151, ISBN 978-3-941702-69-1 Lehrstuhl AIS, 2016 ■ Keuntje, C.; Kelterborn, M.: Günthner, W. A.: Integri- erte Planung von Routenzugsystemen, Industrie 4.0 Management, 2016 (2016), 5

Materials Handling, Material Flow, Logistics 129 ■ Röschinger, M.; Kipouridis, O.; Günthner, W. A.: ■ Jung, M.; Lang, A.; Börold, A.; Kunaschk, S.; Unternehmensübergreifendes Werkzeugmanage- Thamer, H.: Prävision: Präventive Steigerung der ment, wt Werkstattstechnik online (2016), 7/8, Arbeitssicherheit an Flurförderzeugen mittels RR| Bildverarbeitung, Hebezeuge Fördermittel, 2016 ■ 6CP;)ØPVJPGT9#-GUUNGT55KORNKƄGF  RR|+550# Multi-sphere Model-Based DEM Simulation of ■ Lieb, C.; Günthner, W. A.: Stabilität durch Dynamik: Particle Behavior in Hopper During Ship Loading for Dynamische Routenzugsteuerung für kurzfristig Dust Control, Proceedings of The 7th International schwankende Transportbedarfe, Hebezeuge För- Conference on Discrete Element Methods (DEM7), FGTOKVVGN  RR|+550# 2016, in press 06792 ■ Spindler, M.; Aicher, T.; Schütz, D.; Vogel-Heuser, ■ Staab, T.; Zeiler, J.; Günthner, W. A.: Passendes B.; Günthner, W. A.: Modularized Control Algorithm Planungs-Tool gesucht - Optimale Dimensionierung for Automated Material Handling Systems, In: manueller Lagersysteme, Hebezeuge Fördermittel IEEE, 2016 IEEE 19th International Conference  RR| on Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference ■ Wenzler, F.; Günthner, W. A.: A Learning Agent for (ITSC 2016), 2016 a Multi-Agent System for Project Scheduling in ■ Rackl, M.; Hanley, Kevin J.; Günthner, W. A.: Construction, In: Claus, T.; Herrmann, F.; Manitz, M.; 8GTKƄECVKQPQHCPCWVQOCVGFYQTMƅQYHQTFKUETGVG Rose, O., Proceedings of the 30th Conference on element material parameter calibration, Proceed- /QFGNNKPICPF5KOWNCVKQPRR|+5$0 ings of The 7th International Conference on Discrete 978-0-9932440-2-5 Element Methods (DEM7), in press, 2016 ■ Rackl, M.; Görnig, C.D.; Hanley, K.J.; Günthner, W. ■ Kipouridis, O.; Roidl, M.; Röschinger, M.; ten #'HƄEKGPVECNKDTCVKQPQHFKUETGVGGNGOGPVOCVGTKCN Hompel, M.; Günthner, W. A.: Collaborative design model parameters using Latin hypercube sampling of material handling systems using distributed and Kriging, In: Papadrakakis, M.; Papadopou- virtual reality environments, 8th International Con- los, V.; Stefanou, G.; Plevris, V., Proceedings ference on Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality, of ECCOMAS 2016 (VII European Congress on VAMR 2016 and held as part of 18th International Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, HCI 'PIKPGGTKPI #VJGPURR|+5$0 +PVGTPCVKQPCNRR|+5$0 978-618-82844-0-1 331939906-5 ■ Seiler, M.; Kelterborn, M.; Guggemoos, M.: ■ vom Stein, M.; Günthner, W. A.: Using Smart Ergonomie im Fokus: Routenzugversorgung in der Glasses for the Inclusion of Hearing-Impaired LKW-Produktion, VDI-Berichte 2275. Tagungsband Warehouse Workers into their Working Environment, \WO&GWVUEJGT/CVGTKCNƅWUU-QPITGUU8&+ In: Fiona Fui-Hoon Nah, Chuan-Hoo Tan, HCI in 8GTNCI)OD*&ØUUGNFQTHRR|+5$0 Business, Government and Organizations: Infor- 978-3-18-092275-1 mations Systems; HCIBGO 2016, Springer, 2016, ■ Hölczli, A.; Lang, A.; Dr. Evers, F.: Pick-by-Local- RR|+5$0 Light: Drahtloses Pick-by-Light mit standortabhän- ■ Günthner, W. A.; Keuntje, C.: IntegRoute – Gan- IKIGP(WPMVKQPGPKFGPV  RR| zheitliche Konzeptauswahl für Routenzugsysteme ISSN 1432-3559 zur Produktionsversorgung, Forschungsbericht, ■ Lechner, J.; Günthner, W. A.: Messkonzept und Lehrstuhl fml, Garching bei München, 2016, ISBN /GVJQFKM\WT-QPƄIWTCVKQPWPF\WO0CEJYGKU 978-3-941702-68-4 GKPGT\WXGTNÀUUKIGP+FGPVKƄMCVKQPFWTEJ7*(4(+& ■ Günthner, W. A.; Staab, T.: OptiMAL – Optimale Installationen, In: Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft Planung manueller Lagersysteme, Forschungsberi- der Technischen Logistik, Logistics Journal: cht, Lehrstuhl fml, Garching, 2016, ISBN 978-3- 2TQEGGFKPIUR|+550 941702-66-0 ■ Röschinger, M.; Kipouridis, O.; Günthner, W. A.: A ■ Keuntje, C.; Heiß, J.; Gangkofner, P.; Günthner, W. service-oriented cloud application for a collabora- A.: Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Ergonomie tive tool management system, 2016 International von Handschiebewagen in Routenzugsystemen, In: Conference on Industrial Engineering, Management Bruns, R.; Ulrich, S., Tagungsband – 11. Hamburger 5EKGPEGCPF#RRNKECVKQP +%+/5# RR| Staplertagung, Helmut-Schmidt-Universität Ham - ISBN 978-1-5090-1671-6 DWTI.GJTUVWJN/6.*CODWTIRR| ■ Keuntje, C., Günthner, W. A.: Ganzheitliche ISBN 978-3-86818-084-8 Konzeptauswahl für Routenzugsysteme, Hebezeuge ■ Lieberoth-Leden, C.; Regulin, D.; Günthner, W. A.: (ÒTFGTOKVVGN  R|(QTUEJWPIUMCVCNQI 'HƄEKGPVOGUUCIKPIVJTQWIJENWUVGTEQQTFKPCVQTUKP Flurförderzeuge, ISSN ISSN 0017-9442 A 06792 FGEGPVTCNK\GFEQPVTQNNGFOCVGTKCNƅQYU[UVGOUPF ■ Freis J.; Vohlidka P.; Günthner W. A.: Low-Carbon International Conference on Innovation and Indus- Warehousing: Examining Impacts of Building and trial Logistics (ICIIL), MATEC Web of Conferences, Intra-Logistics Design Options on Energy Demand

Lucerne, 2016 and the CO2 Emissions of Logistics Centers, ■ Keuntje, C.; Günthner, W. A.: Ganzheitliche 5WUVCKPCDKNKV[  RR|JVVRYYY Konzeptauswahl für Routenzugsysteme zur mdpi.com/2071-1050/8/5/448/ Produktionsversorgung, In: Bruns, R.; Ulrich, ■ Freis, J.; Günthner, W. A.: Systemische Betrachtung S., Forschungskatalog Flurförderzeuge 2016, der Zusammenhänge und Auswirkungen von Helmut-Schmidt-Universität Hamburg; Lehrstuhl Planungsalternativen auf die Gesamtenergiebilanz /6.RR|+5$0 von Logistikzentren, Logistics Journal, 2016 (2016), ■ Dörnhöfer, M.; Schröder, F.; Günthner, W. A.: R|+550 Logistics performance measurement system for the ■ Spindler, M.; Aicher, T.; Schütz, D.; Vogel-Heuser, automotive industry, Logistics Research, 9 (2016), $)ØPVJPGT9#'HƄEKGPV%QPVTQN5QHVYCTG RR|+550 Design for Automated Material Handling Systems ■ Galka, S.; Günthner W. A.: Kombination von Based on a Two-Layer Architecture, 5th IEEE analytischen Modellen und Simulationsmodellen zur International Conference on Advanced Logistics Leistungsbeurteilung von Kommissioniersystemen, and Transport (ICALT), 2016 In: Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Prof. E. h. Dr. h.c. mult. Michael Schenk, 21. Magdeburger Logistiktage ‘Logistik neu denken und gestalten’, Fraunhofer- Institut für Fabrikbetrieb und -automatisierung IFF, Magdeburg, 2016

130 Materials Handling, Material Flow, Logistics ■ Spindler, M.; Aicher, T.; Vogel-Heuser, B.; Günthner, ■ Keuntje, C.; Günthner, W. A.: Forschungsprojekt 9#'HƄ\KGPVG'TUVGNNWPIXQP5VGWGTWPIUUQHVYCTG IntegRoute - Integrierte Planung von Routenzugsys- HØTCWVQOCVKUKGTVG/CVGTKCNƅWUUU[UVGOGDCUKGTGPF temen, In: VDI Wissensforum GmbH, 25. Deutscher auf einer Zwei- Schichten-Architektur, In: VDI /CVGTKCNƅWUU-QPITGUU8&+$GTKEJVG8&+ Wissensforum GmbH, 25. Deutscher Material- 8GTNCI)OD*&ØUUGNFQTHRR|+5$0 ƅWUU-QPITGUU8&+8GTNCI)OD*&ØUUGNFQTH 978-3-18-082275-1 RR|+5$0 ■ Rinneberg, S.: Assistenzfunktionen für Erdbau- ■ Freis, J.; Vohlidka, P.; Günthner, W. A.: Energieef- OCUEJKPGPOKVVGNU+FGPVKƄMCVKQPUVGEJPQNQIKG

Ƅ\GKPVWPF%12-neutral: Optimierung der Gesa- Lehrstuhl fml, Garching, 2015, ISBN 978-3-941702- mtenergiebilanz von Logistikzentren, Hebezeuge 60-8 (ÒTFGTOKVVGN  RR|+550 ■ Schmidt, J.: Konzept für den wirtschaftlichen ■ Ludwig, C.; Günthner, W. A.: Hochregale aus Stahl 'KPUCV\OQFWNCTGTYCPFGNDCTGT/CVGTKCNƅWUUVGEJ- und Holz, Hebezeuge Fördermittel, 2016 (2016), nik am Beispiel Airline Catering, Lehrstuhl fml, *GHVRR|+550 Garching, 2015, ISBN 978-3-941702-63-9 ■ Günthner, W. A.; Winter, S.; Ludwig, C.; Glaser, P.: ■ Galka, S.; Klenk, E.; Günthner, W. A.: Teuerung Wirtschaftliche und ökologische Potenziale von der Steuerung?, Logistik Heute, 38 (2016), 1/2, Hochregallagern aus Holz, Forschungsbericht, RR|+550 .GJTUVWJNHØT(ÒTFGTVGEJPKM/CVGTKCNƅWUU.QIKUVKM ■ Günthner, W. A.; Koch, M.: Ergo-Jobrotation – Lehrstuhl für Holzbau und Baukonstruktion, Planungsmethodik für eine ergonomisch optimale München, 2016, ISBN 978-3-941702-64-6 Jobrotation in der Intralogistik, Forschungsbericht, ■ Aicher, T.; Regulin, D.; Schütz, D.; Lieberoth-Leden, .GJTUVWJNHØT(ÒTFGTVGEJPKM/CVGTKCNƅWUU.QIKUVKM C.; Spindler, M.; Günthner, W. A.; Vogel-Heuser, Garching, 2016 $+PETGCUKPIƅGZKDKNKV[QHOQFWNCTCWVQOCVGF ■ Hietschold, N.; Kargul, A.; Kessler, S.; Günthner, W. OCVGTKCNƅQYU[UVGOU#OGVCOQFGNCTEJKVGEVWTG A.: Vom ISO 15143-3 Entwurf zu einem herstell- 8th IFAC Conference on Manufacturing Modelling, erübergreifenden Flottenmanagementsystem für Management and Control, 2016 Baumaschinen, In: VDBUM Service GmbH, 45. ■ Rackl, M.; Top, F.; Günthner, W. A.: DEM study on VDBUM Seminar – Seminarband 2016, Stuhr, 2016, the interaction of an agitator with a screw-convey- RR| or-discharged hopper, In: VDI Wissensforum GmbH, ■ Zhang, Y: Correlated storage assignment strategy PARTEC 2016 – Book of Abstracts, VDI Verlag, to reduce travel distance in order picking, 7th &ØUUGNFQTHRR|+550 IFAC Conference on Management and Control of ■ Schröder, F.; Günthner, W. A.: Standardisierung Production and Logistics (MCPL 2016), IFAC- von Kennzahlen, Industrie Management, 32 (2016) 2CRGTU1P.KPGRR|  RR|+550 ■ Ertl, R.; Günthner, W. A.: Meta-model for calculating ■ Rackl, M.; Günthner, W. A.: Experimental investi- the mean energy demand of automated storage and ICVKQPQPVJGKPƅWGPEGQHFKHHGTGPVITCFGUQHYQQF TGVTKGXCNU[UVGOUNQIKUVKEULQWTPCN  R| chips on screw feeding performance, Biomass and ■ Hölczli, A.; Lang, A.; Dr. Evers, F.: Knoten sind auch $KQGPGTI[  RR|+550 eine Lösung, Hebezeuge Fördermittel, 2016 (2016), ■ Amberger, M.; Günthner, W. A.: KALOS – Integral- RR|+550 Hebesystem zur kranlosen Errichtung und ■ Koch, M.; Günthner, W. A.: Belastungen des War tungsabsenkung einer Windenergieanlage, Muskel-Skelett-Systems in der Logistik – Experten- Forschungsbericht, Lehrstuhl fml, Garching, 2016 befragungen zu Arbeitsplätzen in der operativen ■ Lieberoth-Leden, C.; Regulin, D.; Günthner, W. A.; Intralogistik, Industrie Managment, 32 (2016), 3 8QIGN*GWUGT$'HƄ\KGPVGT+PHQTOCVKQPUCWUVCWUEJ ■ Fischer, R.: Modularisierung als Planungsansatz für durch Cluster-Koordinatoren in dezentral ges- RFID-Anwendungen in der Intralogistik, Lehrstuhl VGWGTVGP/CVGTKCNƅWUUU[UVGOGP+P8&+9KUUGPUHQ- fml, Garching, 2016, ISBN 978-3-941702-61-5 rum GmbH, VDI-Berichte 2275, VDI Verlag GmbH, ■ Koch, M.; Günthner, W. A.: Verteilte Belastung, &ØUUGNFQTHRR|+5$0 .1)+56+-*'76'  RR| 092275-1 ■ Röschinger, M.; Kipouridis, O.; Lieberoth-Leden, C.; Günthner, W. A.: Virtualisierung der Information- slogistik durch eine unternehmensübergreifende Cloudlösung, In: Hanne Wolf-Kluthausen, Jahrbuch .QIKUVKMRR|+5$0

Materials Handling, Material Flow, Logistics 131 Space Propulsion

Liquid propellant rocket engine technologies

■ The Space Propulsion Group has put its emphasis from the beginning on GZRGTKOGPVCNCEVKXKVKGUCTQWPFFKHHGTGPVCURGEVUQHKPLGEVKQPKIPKVKQPEQO- DWUVKQPJGCVVTCPUHGTCPFEQQNKPIKPQZ[IGPOGVJCPGOQFGNEQODWUVQTU QRGTCVKPICVXCTKQWURTQRGNNCPVVGORGTCVWTGUEQODWUVKQPEJCODGTRTGU- UWTGUOKZVWTGTCVKQUCPFKPLGEVQTDQWPFCT[EQPFKVKQPU5KPEGVJGUG GZRGTKOGPVCNCEVKXKVKGUJCXGDGGPCEEQORCPKGFD[CUGEQPFYQTMKPIITQWR which has its main focus on modeling and simulation in all areas of liquid RTQRGNNCPVTQEMGVGPIKPGVGEJPQNQIKGUCPFKPNKSWKFQZ[IGPVWTDQRWOR and turbine technologies were added as the most recent research areas. 1PN[TGEGPVN[VJGITQWRJCUDGGPCYCTFGFCRTQLGEVQPOGVJCPGQZ[IGP Prof. Dr.-Ing. combustion research funded by the ‘Bayerische Forschungsstiftung’. Oskar J. Haidn

Contact

www.lfa.mw.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.16138

ARIANE 5 start VA 233. Photo: ESA

Rocket Propulsion

With the SFB TR40, ‘Fundamental Tech- funded projects: ‘Experimental Inves- nologies for the Development of Future tigations for Lifetime Predictions’ and Space-Transport-System Components ‘Experimental and Numerical Investigation under High Thermal and Mechanical of Combustion and Heat Transfer in Thrust Loads’ being extended into a third period, Chambers’. the Space Propulsion group now has two

/WNVKKPLGEVQTEQODWUVQTEQODWUVKQPTGURQPUGHQTVJGECUGUQHC ƅCOGTGCVVCEJOGPVCPFD VQVCNN[NKHVGFƅCOGU

132 Space Propulsion The main emphasis of both projects is on providing data to improve understanding of the dominating physical phenomena and to validate numerical tools. Although some effort will still be put on gaseous injection conditions, the main emphasis will be on investigations of the impact of a co-axial injection of liquid oxygen and gaseous methane on injector/injector and injector/wall interaction and the resulting wall heat loads and combustion perfor- mance for selected injection and operation conditions. These experimental activities are accompanied by numerical investiga- tions into the impact of different closure models for turbulence, turbulence/chem- istry interaction on the simulation results Furthermore, especially selected results YKNNDGFGƄPGFCUVGUVECUGUHQTURGEKƄE workshops dedicated to the validation of numerical tools. The activities mentioned above will be accompanied by a com- plementary project on methane/oxygen combustion funded by the ‘Bayerische 1:%*OWNVKKPLGEVQTUWDUECNG Forschungsstiftung’ in cooperation with combustor. Photo: Institute of Space Propulsion Airbus Safran Launchers.

Technologies for Green In-Space Propulsion

Within a project funded by Munich resonance ignition where a gaseous sonic Aerospace, the Chinese CSC and the LGVKUDNQYPKPVQCECXKV[CPFVJGTGƅGEVKPI Brazilian CSF on environmentally benign shock waves provide for the heating. The propellants for space-craft propulsion, the most recent results revealed that during group investigates within three individual injection, liquid methane will vaporize but RTQLGEVUƅCUJKPIQHET[QIGPKEƅWKFUWPFGT VJGPCHTCEVKQPQHKVWPFGTIQGUUQNKFKƄEC- vacuum conditions, different propellant tion. Additionally, rainbow refractometry injection concepts feasible for thrust has been applied to study cryogenic variation and in particular the concept of droplet temperatures.

Determination of cryogenic droplet temperature 5GVWRHQTGZRGTKOGPVCNKPXGUVKICVKQPQHƅCUJKPIQH applying rainbow refractometry cryogenic sprays. Photo:LFA

Space Propulsion 133 Turbo-Pump Technologies

Within the project KonRAT which deals with critical technologies for liquid oxygen turbo-pumps and turbines, the group investigates experimentally and numeri- cally critical areas of a LOX turbo-pump and turbine design and in particular seal and bearing issues and total and compo- nent life. In addition, passive techniques for boundary layer manipulation to increase the operational range and reduce internal friction in pumps are investigated .1:VWTDQRWORFGUKIPRTGUUWTGUKPKPFWEGTKORGNNGTCPFVWTDKPG numerically.

Research Focus Infrastructure Prof. Haidn’s research focuses on rocket ■ High pressure combustion facility

propulsion with the main emphasis on (~ 100 bar, 1.5 kg/s; O2/CH4/kerosene) technologies for liquid propellant rocket ■ Low pressure combustion facility

engines: propellant injection, ignition (~ 20 bar, 0.5 kg/s; O2/CH4/H2/ technologies, combustion stability, heat kerosene) ■ transfer, cooling and life cycle analysis, N2O hybrid rocket engine test facility PQ\\NGƅQYRJGPQOGPCVWTDQRWORUGCNU (~ 20 bar, ~1 kg/s; LOX, HTPB) DGCTKPIUCPFNKƄPICPFGPXKTQPOGPVCNN[ ■ /WNVKƅWKFET[QIGPKEƅCUJKPIVGUV

benign propellants and in particular on facility (~LOX, LCH4, LN2) dynamic processes. The group aims to ■ Cryogenic combustion facility

establish a strong modeling and simula- (~ 20 bar, ~0.5 kg/s; LOX/LCH4) tion group in parallel to its experimental activities. Courses ■ Raumfahrtantriebe 1 (SS) Competence ■ ZÜ Raumfahrtantriebe 1 (SS) The publications of the Space Propulsion ■ Selected Topics on Launcher Propul- group clearly demonstrate the compe- sion (WS, SS) VGPEGQHVJGITQWRKPVJGƄGNFQHTQEMGV ■ Heat Transfer (SS) engine technology. ■ ZÜ Heat Transfer (SS) ■ Practical Training Raumfahrtantriebe (WS, SS)

134 Space Propulsion Management Dipl.-Ing. Yuriy Metsker Prof. Dr.-Ing. Oskar J. Haidn Julian Pauw, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Christof Roth Adjunct Professors Simona Silvestri, M.Sc. Dr.-Ing. Gerald Hagemann, Brunno Vasques, M.Sc. Airbus Defence & Space Lucrezia Veggi, M.Sc. Dr.-Ing. Oliver Knab, Hong Ye, M.Sc. Airbus Defence & Space Kendong Yu, M.Sc.

Administrative Staff Guest Scientists Karin Engels Dr. Paulo Beck, UFRS, Porto Allegre Angelika Heininger Dr. Bénédicte Cuenot, CERFACS, Toulouse Research Scientists Yuan Tian, M.Sc., Beijing Aerospace Dipl.-Ing. Christian Bauer Propulsion Institute, Beijing Chiara Boffa, M.Sc. Prof. Dr. Xianggeng Wei, Northwestern Maria Palma Celano, M.Sc. Polytechnical University, Xi’An Alexander Fuchs, M.Sc. Silong Zhang, Ph.D., Harbin Institute of Fernanda Maia, M.Sc. Technology, Harbin Meng, Luo, M.Sc.

Publications 2015

Refereed Publications Chapters in Books ■ Journals Dietrich Haeseler and Oskar J. Haidn, ‘Russian Engines Technologies’, in ‘Chemical Rocket ■ Boffa C., Haidn, O.J., ‘Preliminary Design of Propulsion: A Comprehensive Survey of Energetic Catalyst Beds for the H /O Decomposition for 2 2 Materials’, edited by DeLuca, L.T., Shimada, T., Space Applications’, Transactions of the JSASS, Sinditskii, V.P., Calabro, M., Springer International Aerospace Technology Japan, Vol. 14 (2016), Publishing AG, ISBN 978-3-319-27748-6, 2016 p.Pa_111-Pa_117. ■ Celano, M.P., Silvestri, S., Schlieben, G., Kirch- ■ Bauer, C., Hauser, M., Haidn, O.J., ‘Investigation of berger, C., Haidn, O.J., ‘Injector Characterization Stabilization Effects in Hartmann-Sprenger Tubes’, for a GOX-GCH4 Single Element Combustion Transactions of the JSASS, Aerospace Technology Chamber’, in EUCASS Advances in Aerospace Japan, Vol. 14 (2016), p.Pa_95-Pa_100. Sciences, Progress in Propulsion Physics Vol. 9, ■ Silvestri, S., Celano, M.P., Kirchberger, C., edited by Max Calabro, Luigi DeLuca, Sergey M. Schlieben, G., Haidn, O.J., Knab, O., ‘Investigation Frolov, Luciano Galfetti, Oskar Haidn, ISBN 975-5- on Recess Variation of a Shear Coax Injector for a 94588-191-4, Torus Press, Moscow, pp. 319-338, Single Element GOX/GCH4 Combustion Chamber’, 2016 Transactions of the JSASS, Aerospace Technology Japan, Vol. 14 (2016), p.Pa_13-Pa_20. ■ Zhang, S., Feng, Y., Jiang, Y., Qin, J., Bao, W., Han, J., Haidn, O.J., ‘Thermal behavior in the cracking Edited or co-edited Books or Proceedings reaction zone of scramjet cooling channels at ■ ‘EUCASS Advances in Aerospace Sciences, Pro- different channel aspect ratios’, Acta Astronautica, gress in Propulsion Physics Vol. 9’, Max Calabro, 8QNRR| Luigi DeLuca, Sergey M. Frolov, Luciano Galfetti, ■ Luo, M., Haidn, O.J., ‘Characterization of Flashing Oskar Haidn, (Eds.), ISBN 978-2-7598-0876-2, EDP Phenomena with Cryogenic Fluid under Vacuum Sciences, Les Ulis, Torus Press, Moscow, 2016 Conditions’, Journal of Propulsion and Power, doi. 10.2514/1.B35963, May 2016

Space Propulsion 135 ■ Invited Presentations Roth, C., Haidn, O.J., Chemnitz, A., Sattelmayer, 6&CKOQP;(TCPM)2ƄV\PGT/-GNNGT4 Conferences Gerlinger, P., Riedmann, H., Selle, L., ‘Numerical ■ Haidn, O.J., Celano, M.P., Luo, M., Roth, C., Investigation of Flow and Combustion in a Silvestri, S., Slavinskaya, N.A., ‘On Methane/ Single-Element GCH4/GOX Rocket Combustor: Oxygen Combustion for Rocket Applications’, Int. Chemistry Modeling and Turbulence-Combustion Symposium on Innovation and Prospects of Liquid Interaction’, AIAA-2016-4995, 52nd JPC, Salt Lake Propulsion Technology, Xi’an, China, September City, USA, July 25-27, 2016 4-6, 2016 ■ Maestro, D., Cuenot, B., Selle, L., Frank, G., 2ƄV\PGT/&CKOQP;/-GNNGT4)GTNKPIGT P., Chemnitz, A., Sattelmayer, T., Haidn, O.J., Other invited Lectures ‘Numerical Investigation of Flow and Combustion in ■ Haidn, O.J., Concept and Operation of the Collabo- a Single-Element GCH4/GOX Rocket Combustor: rative Research Centre SFB-TR 40 on Fundamental Aspects of Turbulence Modeling’, AIAA-2016-4996, Technologies of Liquid Rocket Propulsion, Harbin 52nd JPC, Salt Lake City, USA, July 25-27, 2016 Institute of Technology, Harbin, October, 2016 ■ Chemnitz, A., Sattelmayer, T., Roth, C., Haidn, O.J., ■ Haidn, O.J., Launch Vehicle Architecture, Harbin &CKOQP;-GNNGT4)GTNKPIGT2

136 Space Propulsion Helicopter Technology

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■+PVJG+PUVKVWVGJCUDGGPCRRQKPVGFn8GTVKECN.KHV4GUGCTEJ%GPVGT QH'ZEGNNGPEG 8.4%1' oQHVJG75sCUVJGƄTUVPQP75KPUVKVWVKQPVJCV has been awarded this prestigious status. Partnering with the University QH/CT[NCPFVJG7PKXGTUKV[QH6GZCUCV#WUVKPCPFVJG750CXCN#ECF- GO[*6YKNNRGTHQTOLQKPVCGTQF[PCOKEUCPFF[PCOKEUTGUGCTEJWPFGT VJKU[GCTRTQITCO#ITCPVYCUCYCTFGFD[VJG751HƄEGQH0CXCN 4GUGCTEJsVJGƄTUVQPTQVQTETCHVTGUGCTEJQWVUKFGVJG75sYJKEJKU contributing funding within their basic research program for the simulation of helicopter ship deck landings.

Passive Tip Vortex Control Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Hajek In hover, descent and low-speed forward ƅKIJVVJGXQTVKEGUVTCKNGFHTQOVJGOCKP Contact rotor blade tips can interact with subse- www.ht.mw.tum.de quent blades. This so-called blade-vortex QHƄEG"JVOYVWOFG interaction (BVI) is associated with many Phone +49.89.289.16300 detrimental effects such as high vibration and noise levels. These adverse effects may potentially be mitigated by diffusing these tip vortices. Therefore, in a joint research project with the U.S. Naval Academy, experiments and CFD simula- tions were performed to investigate the ability of model-scale centrifugal pumping /GCUWTGFPQTOCNK\GFKPUVCPVCPGQWUXQTVKEKV[HQTVJG rotor blades to diffuse these tip vortices DCUGNKPGDNCFGUVKRXQTVGZENQUGVQVJGDNCFG by passively blowing air into the forming vortex at the blade tip. High-resolution particle image velocimetry YCUWUGFVQICKPKPUKIJVKPVQVJGƅQY ƄGNFIGPGTCVGFFWTKPIVJGKPKVKCNXQTVGZ formation process and phase-averaged measurements were used to validate the numerical simulations. It was found that for early wake ages, spanwise blowing effectively diffused the tip vortex. The numerical simulations revealed details of the vortex formation process at the blade tip, as well as in the internal channel, that cannot be measured experimentally. As a result, areas for potential design /GCUWTGFPQTOCNK\GFKPUVCPVCPGQWUXQTVKEKV[HQTVJG improvements were found. EGPVTKHWICNRWORKPIDNCFGVKRXQTVGZENQUGVQVJGDNCFG

8KUWCNK\CVKQPQH3ETKVGTKQPCVVJGDNCFGVKRHQTVJG 8KUWCNK\CVKQPQH3ETKVGTKQPCVVJGDNCFGVKRHQTVJG baseline blade centrifugal pumping blade

Helicopter Technology 137 Rotorcraft Downwash and Dynamic Interface Modeling for Real-time Simulations in Naval Applications

This project concerns the development and for real-time training simulation. XCNKFCVKQPQHCEQORWVCVKQPCNN[GHƄEKGPVCPC- 6QQXGTEQOGVJGUGFGƄEKGPEKGUC.CV- lytical tool for coupled ship/aircraft dynamic tice-Boltzmann based model for real-time interface modeling and simulation. The UKOWNCVKQPQHVJGƅQYƄGNFIGPGTCVGFD[ technical approach realizes the coupling and interacting with the helicopter was QHCPQXGN.CVVKEG$QNV\OCPPDCUGFƅWKF developed, extended and coupled to simulation model with the ship airwake TQVQTETCHVƅKIJVF[PCOKEU6JGOQFGNQRGPU CPFTQVQTCGTQF[PCOKEU KPƅQY OQFGNKPI up the possibility to capture arbitrary, KPENWFKPIVJGHGGFDCEMQPƅKIJVF[PCOKEU complex and moving boundary conditions, and handling qualities for piloted simulation CPFVQECNEWNCVGCKTETCHVCPFƅKIJVUVCVG of rotorcraft. URGEKƄEƅQYƄGNFUKPTGCNVKOG+PEQPVTCUV to existing simulation approaches that are encumbered by the need for look-up tables and preexisting measurements (e.g., of the ship airwake), boundary conditions are realized at simulation runtime using ray-tracing algorithms. As part of the model FGXGNQROGPVVJGƅQYOQFGNKUOQFKƄGFHQT the simulation of dynamic rotor wake inter- action with ship airwake, wind, and ship motion. A dynamic interface is implemented and the downwash model’s output is used CUKPRWVVQVJGTQVQT KPƅQY CGTQF[PCOKEU Rotorcraft downwash and dynamic interface modeling modeling for piloted simulations. Therefore, for real-time simulations in naval applications HGGFDCEMKUGPCDNGFQHVJGEQORNGZƅQY ƄGNFVQTQVQTETCHVƅKIJVF[PCOKEUCPFRKNQV In naval operations, rotorcraft downwash handling qualities. may interact with stationary or moving To ensure compliance with the underlying obstacles, and objects such as a (moving) physical phenomena, dynamic interface ship structure. Moreover, interferences measurements of collaborating research between rotor wake and ship airwake and/ teams at the U.S. Naval Academy and the QTXCT[KPIYKPFƄGNFUNGCFVQUWDUVCPVKCN George Washington University are used for OQFKƄECVKQPUVQVJGTQVQTKPƅQYYJKEJ model validation, and piloted evaluation of affects the rotorcrafts’ handling qualities. VJGOQFGNoUƄFGNKV[KUWUGFVQCFLWUVOQFGN Thus, maneuvers in vicinity of terrain and parameters. The described model/simula- complex obstacles, such as landing and tion will provide a better understanding of take-off on ship decks and oil platforms, the interactional aerodynamics in shipborne account for the most demanding and operations and the impact of the complex hazardous situations in rotorcraft oper- ƅQYGPXKTQPOGPVQPTQVQTKPƅQYTQVQTETCHV ations. However, these interactions are ƅKIJVF[PCOKEUCPFRKNQVJCPFNKPISWCNKVKGU not yet implemented in piloted training The model development culminates in a simulations in an adequate manner. One model that can be used for pilot training reason for these shortcomings lies in the simulation, e.g., landing on moving ship UKIPKƄECPVEQORWVCVKQPCNTGSWKTGOGPVU FGEMUWPFGTVJGKPƅWGPEGQHUVTQPIYKPFU for physically accurate modeling of the improving pilot and crew training in such EQORNGZƅQYGPXKTQPOGPVCPFVJGTGHQTGKP critical and hazardous situations. the inadequacy of such numerical models

138 Helicopter Technology CURoT

Since the project start in mid-2015, the test helicopter has been instrumented and JCUƅQYPKVUƄTUVƅKIJVVGUVU6JGUGVGUVU provide a unique data base. $[RGTHQTOKPIƅKIJVVGUVUHQNNQYGFD[ comprehensive model validation, this research project aims to evaluate the CoAX 2D ultralight helicopter by edm aero tec concerning its power consump- tion, blade motions and blade deforma- tions, as well as hub and blade loads at URGEKƄEƅKIJVUVCVGUVJTQWIJQWVVJGGPVKTG ƅKIJVGPXGNQRG The project CURoT (Coaxial Ultralight stick forces and displacement sensors +PUVTWOGPVGF%QCZKCNJGNKEQRVGT Rotorcraft Technology), is funded by the completed the instrumentation. (edm-aerotec) for the LuFo project CURoT German Federal Ministry for Economic 6JGRGTHQTOGFƅKIJVVGUVUYKVJVJGKPUVTW- Affairs and Energy. mented full-scale rotorcraft demonstrator The rotorcraft was instrumented with an will result in the most comprehensive set inertial measurement unit (IMU), GPS, a QHƅKIJVVGUVFCVCQHCPWNVTCNKIJVEQCZKCN nose boom, and a total of 32 sensors for rotorcraft to date and thus will further the both the upper and the lower rotor, where WPFGTUVCPFKPIQHUWEJEQPƄIWTCVKQPU DNCFGƅCRNCICPFVQTUKQPOQOGPVU EQPEGTPKPICGTQF[PCOKEUCPFƅKIJV hub moments, pitch link loads and teeter mechanics. Besides the Institute of Hel- angles were measured. Furthermore, icopter Technology, edm aerotec GmbH structural bending and torsion moment and the German Aerospace Center (DLR) sensors at the tail boom along with control are partners in CURoT.

InteReSt – Integration of Resource-saving Lightweight Structures in Aerospace Applications

This research project is initiated by the *[DTKFECTDQPCPFƅCZUCPFYKEJUVTWE- demand for eco-friendly products in the tures are used for helicopter structures, engineering and especially in the aero- YJGTGƄTGCPFOQNFTGUVKXGPGUUCUYGNNCU space sector. The goal is to introduce hydrophilicity are considered. Additionally, bio-based materials in structural helicop- VJGDGPGƄEKCNFCORKPIGPGTI[CDUQTRVKQP ter applications and thereby reduce the and acoustic insulation properties will be usage of ecologically adverse materials, shown on the two prototype parts. With which are state of the art nowadays. Flax ƄPKVGGNGOGPVOGVJQFUCPFGZRGTKOGPVCN ƄDGTYCUHQWPFVQDGVJGOQUVRTQOKUKPI results, the laminate properties, such as DKQDCUGFƄDGTHQTVJKURTQLGEVFWGVQKVU NC[WRCPFƄDGTQTKGPVCVKQPYKNNDGQRVK- values in stiffness and strength, which mized. CTGTGNCVGFVQINCUUƄDGTU#FFKVKQPCNN[ The project is funded by LuFo V-2; the in terms of weight, damping properties, associated partners are the Department economics and energy consumption in of Lightweight Structures and Polymer RTQFWEVKQPƅCZJCUCFXCPVCIGUQXGT Technology at the Technical University INCUUCPFECTDQPƄDGTU#UCDCUGNKPG Chemnitz and the Institute for Bioplastics case, a horizontal tailplane and a cockpit and Biocomposites at the University of door of an ultralight coaxial helicopter are Applied Sciences and Arts in Hannover. investigated.

Helicopter Technology 139 Aeromechanics Analysis of a High-speed Coaxial Rotor

CPFUQHQTUKIPKƄECPVJWDFTCITGFWEVKQP Recently, experiments have been per- formed by the University of Texas (UT) at Austin, USA, with such a high-ad- vance-ratio of coaxial model rotor system in hover and also in a wind tunnel for advance ratios up to 0.5. In order to further the understanding of the interac- tional aerodynamics, structural dynamics, CPFƅKIJVF[PCOKEUQHTQVQTETCHVYKVJ coaxial rotor systems, particularly at high ZsDNCFGFEQCZKCNTQVQTU[UVGOKPVJG)NGPP./CTVKP advance ratios, the Institute for Helicopter wind tunnel at the University of Maryland Technology shares a collaborative effort with the UT and performs comprehensive Current vertical-takeoff-and-landing analysis using the computational modeling aircraft designs are generally a compro- capabilities with the aeromechanics rotor- OKUGDGVYGGPGHƄEKGPVJQXGTRGTHQTOCPEG craft code CAMRAD II together with the CPFHQTYCTFƅKIJVRGTHQTOCPEG9KVJ experimental data set measured by UT. both high-speed capability and range The current research intends to provide being important future requirements, the more insight and to better understand aforementioned compromise is even more the unsteady forces/loads and their QHCEJCNNGPIG(CUVGFIGYKUGƅKIJVQHVJG aerodynamic and dynamic sources, such helicopter is mainly limited by the asym- as aero dynamic interactions between the metric aerodynamics at the rotor disk and WRRGTCPFNQYGTTQVQTUDNCFGFGƅGEVKQPU associated retreating blade stall. and their effects on blade clearance, Rigid rotors are one key technology in order to produce a real (validated) enabler for coaxial rotor systems that predictive capability for these challenging CTGECRCDNGQHJKIJHQTYCTFƅKIJVURGGF rotor systems, and ultimately, to enable 6JGUWRRTGUUGF QTCVNGCUVUKIPKƄECPVN[ technology and performance improve- TGFWEGF ƅCRRKPIOQVKQPQHVJGTQVQT ments. blades allows for smaller rotor spacing

AREA – Autonomous Rotorcraft for Extreme Altitudes

We are a partner of DLR for an extreme helicopter application: An all-electric drone with a maximum weight of 35 MIUJCNNDGGPCDNGFVQƅ[VQCPCNVKVWFG of 9000m – autonomously. Besides the requirement to control the aircraft under severe gusts and cross winds, the required power is a major challenge. After two years of detailed simulations and design of every part of this synchropter KPVGTOGUJKPITQVQTU EQPƄIWTCVKQPNQVU QHUQHVYCTGFGXGNQROGPVHQTVJGƅKIJV control computer (FCC) was made and #4'#ƄTUVƅKIJV component tests were performed. These tests included engine performance tests,

140 Helicopter Technology mission battery tests in a climate chamber Most structural components were down to -35°C, rotorblade breaking tests manufactured at TUM, electronics and as well as static load tests of all important cable harnesses at DLR. The helicopter structural parts. The system is a complete showed negligible vibration levels in hover ƅ[D[YKTGU[UVGOYKVJKPFGRGPFGPV and needed only 100W/kg power for the control of right and left swash plate. The whole system when hovering. Ongoing FCC processes air data, engine torque, YQTMKPENWFGUFGXGNQROGPVQHCƅKIJV battery state of charge, accelerations dynamics model at HT for improvement of etc. for on-board use and for the ground VJGƅKIJVEQPVTQNNGTCUYGNNCUƅKIJVVGUVU UVCVKQP6JGUWEEGUUHWNƄTUVƅKIJVVQQM and optimization of the prototype for a place in August 2016. 98% of parts and high-altitude mission that is planned for components were designed from scratch 2017. and never been airborne before.

Rotor Blade Displacement Tracking with Fiber-Optical Sensors for a Health and Usage Monitoring System

The rotor blade of the AREA drone is used in another project: The development of algorithms to be enable measurement of the deformation and loads of rotor blades in real time. This would enable several possible applications: in the short term, it can be used to monitor events where the rotor blade shape exceeds limits. Further- more, the blade tip clearance of a coaxial rotorcraft, where the two rotor planes are operated within a small distance, could be monitored. Long-term, the goal is a ‘health and usage monitoring system’, calculating the lifetime of rotorcraft components dynamically. Up to now, fatigue-loaded EQORQPGPVUKPCGTQURCEGJCXGCƄZGF The AREA rotor blade testbed static lifetime, regardless if the helicopter YKVJƄDGTQRVKECNUGPUQTU is transporting tree logs in mountainous terrain or just passengers from one city to KORQTVCPVRCTVQHVJGU[UVGOCTGƄDGT another. optical sensors which provide the neces- If the usage of each component could sary strain data. The advantage of these be determined based on its real usage, QRVKECNƄDGTUKUVJGCDKNKV[VQRNCEGUGXGTCN CUKIPKƄECPVRCTVQHOCKPVGPCPEGEQUV UGPUQTUKPVQQPGƄDGTCNQPICNGPIVJQH could be saved. On the other hand, in the several meters. The Institute of Helicopter event of a helicopter experiencing heavier Technology has so far tested the integra- usage than normal, parts may fail before VKQPKPVQCINCUUƄDGTTQVQTDNCFGCUYGNN scheduled maintenance and, with such a as the application on the surface of a usage monitoring system, the part could ECTDQPƄDGTTQVQTDNCFG be exchanged before it actually fails. An

Helicopter Technology 141 VARI-SPEED

Today, most rotorcraft are operated at factors of variable-speed transmissions constant rotor speeds. Recent studies and rotor system for future vertical lift show that variable rotor speed increases CKTETCHV+PCƄTUVUVWF[VJGRQVGPVKCN VJGGHƄEKGPE[CPFGZVGPFUVJGƅKIJV RQYGTUCXKPIUCPFVJGGHHGEVUQPVJGƅKIJV envelope of rotorcraft. With variable envelope were calculated and illustrated. rotor speed, rotorcraft can be developed At the same time benchmark missions are and optimized for a whole operational derived and presented while two prom- FGUKIPTCPIGTCVJGTVJCPCURGEKƄEFGUKIP ising drive train concepts are introduced. point. Funded by the German Aviation A continuously variable gearbox stage is Research Program (LuFo V-2) and the shown to be especially useful for utility Austrian Research Program TAKE OFF, helicopter applications while a dual- the project VARI-SPEED intends to give speed, clutched stage gearbox is particu- answers about the applicability and the larly suitable for tilt-rotor concepts. determination of decision factors of such The advantages of the technology with a technology. Under ecological aspects three representative missions for a variable rotor speed offers the opportunity 7*#CTGUJQYPKPVJGƄIWTGDGNQY to operate the rotor at an optimal pitch to The capability to vary the main rotor KORTQXGHWGNGHƄEKGPE[CPFTGFWEGPQKUG URGGFGZVGPFUVJGƅKIJVGPXGNQRGCPF radiation. reduces fuel consumption. In the case Such technology requires a well-designed of an external transport mission, the rotor system and preferably a gear box mission endurance can be increased by that supports variable speed transmission up to 10%. This study showed that the to the rotor shaft while having a constant portfolio of missions that can be carried engine shaft speed. The project VARI- QWVGHƄEKGPVN[CPFVJGGHƄEKGPE[KVUGNHKU SPEED intends to give answers about the enhanced by this technology. applicability and determination of decision

6JGRQYGTUCXKPIUQHVJG7*#CPFTQVCVKQPCNURGGF is shown over blade loading and advance ratio. The OCZKOWOEQPVKPWQWURQYGTKUUJQYPHQTQRVKOCNTQVQT speed (MCP) as well as for the reference rotor speed (MCPref) %QORCTKUQPQHOKUUKQPCFXCPVCIGUQHVJG7*# utility helicopter with different drive train technologies

142 Helicopter Technology Research Focus Management ■ Interactional aerodynamics Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Hajek, Director ■ Aeromechanic rotor modeling ■ Nonlinear controls Adjunct Professors ■ Pilot assistance & situational awareness Hon.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Butter ■ Rotorcraft design and sizing Administrative Staff Competence Martina Thieme ■ CFD and free wake simulations of rotor YCMGCPFXQTVGZƅQYU Research Scientists ■ Dynamic stall modeling Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Rauleder ■ Coupled rotor-fuselage simulation Dipl.-Ing. Aaron Barth ■ 4GCNVKOGƅKIJVUKOWNCVKQP Jakob Bludau, M.Sc. ■ Hardware in the loop simulation Dipl.-Ing. Roland Feil ■ Design and manufacturing of compo- Willem Garre, M.Sc. site rotor blades Omkar Halbe, M.Eng. ■ Sensor integration in light weight Verena Heuschneider, M.Sc. structures 6QDKCU2ƅWOO/5E Stefan Platzer, M.Sc. Infrastructure Markus Rinker, M.Sc. ■ Research helicopter simulator with Yin Ruan, M.Sc. |EJCPPGNUKOCIGVGTTCKPCPFKOCIG Dipl.-Ing. Dominik Schicker databases and head tracking system Dipl.-Ing. Christian Spieß ■ Test rig for blade root structures (lead- Katharina Strohrmann, M.Sc. NCICPFƅCR Dipl.-Ing. Sören Süße ■ Optical strain measurement system Dominik Wirth, M.Sc. ƄDGT$TCIIITCVKPIU ■ Cluster with 500 cores

Lectures ■ Introduction to Aeronautical Engineer- ing (Rotorcraft) ■ Helicopter Flight Physics ■ Helicopter Design and Architecture I/II ■ Helicopter Systems ■ *GNKEQRVGT5CHGV[CPF%GTVKƄECVKQP ■ Helicopter Flight Dynamics and Control ■ Fundamentals of Helicopter Aero- dynamics ■ Helicopter Aerodynamics – Advanced Topics ■ Lightweight Structures ■ Smart Structures ■ Practical Course IFR Helicopter Flight ■ Practical Course Lightweight Structures ■ Soft-Skill Seminar Helicopter Engineer- ing: Leadership

Helicopter Technology 143 Publications 2016

■ Rinberg, R., Svidler, R., Klärner, M., Kroll, ■ )CTTG92ƅWOO6*CLGM/'PJCPEGF L., Strohrmann, K., Hajek, M., Endres, H.-J.: GHƄEKGPE[CPFƅKIJVGPXGNQRGD[XCTKCDNGOCKPTQVQT Anwendungspotenzial von naturbasierten hybriden URGGFHQTFKHHGTGPVJGNKEQRVGTEQPƄIWTCVKQPUPF Leichtbaustrukturen in der Luftfahrt, Deutscher Luft- European Rotorcraft Forum, Lille, France, 2016. und Raumfahrtkongress, Braunschweig, Germany, ■ Suesse, S., Hajek, M.: Rotor Blade Shape 2016. Estimation with Fiber-Optical Sensors for a Health ■ Feil, R., Rauleder, J., Hajek, M.: Aerodynamic and and Usage Monitoring System, 42nd European Dynamic Interactions with Coaxial Rotor Systems, Rotorcraft Forum, Lille, France, 2016. Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress, Braun- ■ Feil, R., Rauleder, J., Hajek, M., Cameron, C. schweig, Germany, 2016. G., Sirohi, J.: Computational and Experimental ■ Bludau, J., Rauleder, J., Friedmann, L., Hajek, Aeromechanics Analysis of a Coaxial Rotor System /4GCN6KOG5KOWNCVKQPQH4QVQT+PƅQY7UKPIC in Hover and Forward Flight, 42nd European Coupled Flight Dynamics and Fluid Dynamics Sim- Rotorcraft Forum, Lille, France, 2016. ulation, Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress, ■ Platzer, S., Rauleder, J., and Hajek, M.: Investigation Braunschweig, Germany, 2016. of Centrifugal Pumping Rotor Blades in Hover Using ■ Bludau, J., Rauleder, J., Friedmann, L., Hajek, M.: CFD, 34th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference, 4GCN6KOG5KOWNCVKQPQH&[PCOKE+PƅQY7UKPI Washington D.C., USA, June 2016. Rotorcraft Flight Dynamics Coupled With a Lat- ■ Feil, R., Rauleder, J., and Hajek, M.: Aeromechanics tice-Boltzmann Based Fluid Simulation, 55th AIAA Analysis of a Coaxial Rotor System in Hover and Aerospace Sciences Meeting. Grapevine, Texas, High-Advance-Ratio Forward Flight, 34th AIAA 2017. Applied Aerodynamics Conference, Washington ■ Spieß, C., Radler, S., Barth, A., Hajek, M.: A Real- D.C., USA, June 2016. 6KOG%CRCDNG+PƅQY/QFGNHQTVJG5KOWNCVKQPQH ■ Amri H., Feil R., Hajek M., Weigand M., Possibilities +PVGTCEVKPI/WNVK4QVQT%QPƄIWTCVKQPU&GWVUEJGT CPFFKHƄEWNVKGUHQTTQVQTETCHVWUKPIXCTKCDNGVTCPUOKU- Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress, Braunschweig, sion drive trains, CEAS Aeronautical Journal, 2016. Germany, 2016. ■ Radler, S., Hajek, M.: Periodic Free Wake Simulation ■ )CTTG9#OTK*2ƅWOO62CUEJKPIGT2 Using a Numerical Optimization Method, American Marco, M., Hajek, M., Weigand M.: Helicopter Con- Helicopter Society 72nd Annual Forum, West Palm ƄIWTCVKQPUCPF&TKXG6TCKP%QPEGRVU(QT1RVKOCN Beach, Florida, USA, May 2016. Variable Rotor-Speed Utilization, Deutscher Luft- ■ Viertler, F., Hajek, M.: Evaluation of Visual Augmen- und Raumfahrtkongress, Braunschweig, Germany, tation Methods for Rotorcraft Pilots in Degraded 2016. Visual Environments, American Helicopter Society ■ Platzer, S., Rauleder, J., Hajek, M., Milluzzo, J.: 72nd Annual Forum, West Palm Beach, Florida, Experimental and Computational Investigation USA, May 2016. on Rotor Blades with Spanwise Blowing, 42nd European Rotorcraft Forum, Lille, France, 2016.

144 Helicopter Technology Flight System Dynamics

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■ As part of the Technical University of Munich Department of Mechanical 'PIKPGGTKPIYGCTGFGXQVGFVQCPCN[\KPICPFOQFKH[KPIVJGF[PCOKE characteristics of aerial platforms. Our passionate team is committed to OCVWTGEWVVKPIGFIGVGEJPQNQIKGUVJCVCTGTGSWKTGFVQKPEGRVVJGƅKIJV system behavior of tomorrow.

During the last years we have acquired all unmanned aircraft. We have established the experience which is needed along the important partnerships and synergies whole process of making control ideas with top research institutions and leading ƅ[6JKUKPENWFGUOQFGNKPICPFU[UVGO KPFWUVTKCNRNC[GTUKPVJGƄGNFQHCGTQURCEG KFGPVKƄECVKQPEQPVTQNNGTFGUKIPCPF Our ultimate goal is the development and implementation in real aircraft. the application of innovative approaches Prof. Dr.-Ing. Our research areas are presented in tailored to real-world applications and Florian Holzapfel the following sections. The research products, as well as to the demanding KPHTCUVTWEVWTGKPENWFGUUGXGTCNƅKIJV challenges of tomorrow. Contact simulators, test rigs, and manned and www.fsd.mw.tum.de QHƄEG"HUFOYVWOFG Phone +49.89.289.16061 Flight Guidance and Flight Control

/QFGTPƅKIJVIWKFCPEGCPFEQPVTQN U[UVGOUPGGFVQHWNƄNNVJGITQYKPI requirements for safety, performance and autonomy in order to comply with cus- tomers’ needs. To this end, novel methods and concepts are being developed at TUM FSD for manned as well as for unmanned aerial vehicles. The practical relevance QHVJGTGUWNVUHQTURGEKƄECRRNKECVKQPUKU guaranteed through continuous evaluation QHVJGTGUGCTEJFWTKPIƅKIJVVGUVU The Flight Control and Flight Guidance Group has developed an integrated CWVQƅKIJVEQPVTQNU[UVGOKPEQTRQTCVKPI yaw rotational rates in a degraded con- Research airplane Diamond DA-42 automatic landing and take-off, waypoint- ƄIWTCVKQP6JGƅKIJVEQPVTQNITQWRKUCNUQ DCUGFVTCLGEVQT[ƅKIJVCWVQRKNQVHWPEVKQP- YQTMKPIQPVJGFGXGNQROGPVQHCWPKƄGF CNKVKGUCPFFKTGEVNCYƅ[D[YKTGCNIQ- baseline controller for a hybrid unmanned rithms. In 2016, the developed algorithms aerial vehicle. Instead of switching between YGTGUWEEGUUHWNN[VGUVGFKPƅKIJVYKVJVJG different controllers during the transition institute’s DA42M-NG aircraft and even a RJCUGHTQOJQXGTVQYKPIDQTPƅKIJVVJG complete automatic mission comprising new controller concept is applicable to the VCMGQHHƅKIJVRNCPƅ[KPICPFNCPFKPI GPVKTGƅKIJVGPXGNQRG was performed. Together with industry Building on the success of the com- RCTVPGTUVJGUCOGEQTGCWVQƅKIJV pleted research projects, the institute control system was successfully adopted, has acquired a new collaboration with KPVGITCVGFCPFVGUVGFKPƅKIJVHQTCNCTIGT an industry partner for an active involve- CS-23 aircraft (Do 228) and an electrically ment in the development process of a powered ultra-light class aircraft. commercial airliner. Furthermore, there Using novel adaptive control algorithms, are ongoing negotiations with another the physical limits of a quadrotor platform commercial aircraft manufacturer. Project subject to unknown faults within one motor TGUWNVUCPFTGUGCTEJƄPFKPIUJCXGDGGP JCXGDGGPVGUVGF5WEEGUUHWNƅKIJVUJCXG presented at AIRTEC 2016 and various shown the stability of the system at high UEKGPVKƄEEQPHGTGPEGU

Flight System Dynamics 145 ■ &GXGNQROGPVQHVJGƅKIJVEQPVTQNU[U- tem for an unstable tailless jet (industry) ■ Development of innovative adaptive ƅKIJVEQPVTQNCNIQTKVJOUHQTPQPOKPK- mum phase systems (industry) ■ Model-based development of a certi- ƄCDNGCXKQPKEUU[UVGOHQTWPOCPPGF aerial vehicles of 5kg to 2000kg (industry) ■ Development and integration of an 7POCPPGFJGZCTQVQTU[UVGO autopilot system for a Class IV CS-23 aircraft (industry) Projects ■ Development of a full envelope autopi- ■ Total capability approach to highly lot system for a long endurance, high accurate and safe guidance applied to altitude aircraft (LuFo) started in 2016 an automatic landing system (Phase B, ■ Development of a fuel-optimal auto- BMWi) VJTQVVNGCPFƅKIJVIWKFCPEGU[UVGOHQT ■ Development of an autopilot for CS-23 aircrafts (LuFo) started in 2016 remotely piloted aircraft systems 42#5 YKVJƄZGFYKPITQVCT[YKPIQT J[DTKFEQPƄIWTCVKQP $/9K

Trajectory Optimization

(#.%10O(5&QRVKOCNEQPVTQNKP/#6.#$

The Trajectory Optimization Research analysis. The goals are to assess the Group at FSD investigates the use of KORCEVQHWPEGTVCKPRCTCOGVGTUGI|YKPF optimal control methods for real-world and provide the athletes with useful aerospace applications. This includes insights on how to prevent serious injuries, OQFGNNKPIQHJKIJƄFGNKV[CGTKCNU[UVGOU such as ligament rupture. Especially, the CPFVJGGHƄEKGPVUQNWVKQPQHQRVKOCNEQPVTQN close cooperation with researchers from problems using in-house developed the biomechanics department and the software. athletes is an excellent setting for putting Besides industry applications a research our methods into use for real-world project together with the Department applications. of Biomechanics was initiated this year. The analysis is performed using the The project is funded by the International in-house developed optimal control Graduate School of Science and Engi- toolbox ‘FSD Optimal Control Toolbox neering (IGSSE) through the DFG and for MATLAB – FALCON.m’, which was aims at using optimal control methods released this year. The toolbox is free of to better understand and improve the charge and contains modelling, solving performance and safety-related criteria in and post processing/visualization capa- ski jumping. The project is conducted by bilities for optimal control problems. It means of multibody modelling together is especially designed and optimized to with parameter estimation methods, GHƄEKGPVN[UQNXGNCTIGUECNGQRVKOCNEQPVTQN statistical modelling, and sensitivity problems e.g. for aircraft trajectory optimi-

146 Flight System Dynamics zation, robotics or the automotive industry. KPFWUVT[RCTVPGTCUWKVCDNGƅKIJVUKOWNCVKQP The package can be downloaded under and visualization environment for training http://www.falcon-m.com/ together with CKTVTCHƄEEQPVTQNNGTUJCUDGGPFGXGNQRGF some examples from aircraft trajectory during this two-and-a-half-year project. QRVKOK\CVKQPCPFU[UVGOKFGPVKƄECVKQP Lastly, a research project from the Munich Once more it was a great pleasure to Aerospace Scholarship Program success- welcome Prof. Ben-Asher from the fully ended this year. Within the scope Technion – Israel Institute of Technology of the four-year scholarship the use of (Haifa, Israel) here at FSD. During his stay FKUETGVGEQOOCPFUUWEJCUƅCRCPFIGCT the fruitful cooperation on the topic of settings for aircraft or the gear positions in optimization and optimal control-based car races was investigated. ƅKIJVEQPVTQNNCYENGCTCPEGYCUEQPVKPWGF The motivation behind this topic is to use Projects optimization/optimal control techniques to ■ Optimal control methods in ski jumping VGUVƅKIJVEQPVTQNNGTU6JGIQCNQHCRRN[KPI (IGSSE) these methods in the development phase ■ Consideration of discrete control of control laws is to enhance the safety dependent constraints in optimization CPFEQPƄFGPEGNGXGNYKVJTGURGEVVQ (Munich Aerospace) inherent model uncertainties and worst ■ Simulation of environmental impacts of case pilot inputs. CXKCVKQPHQTCKTVTCHƄEEQPVTQNNGTGFWEC- Furthermore, the project ‘Simulation of tion (ZIM) Environmental Impacts of Aviation for ■ Robust dynamic programming #KT6TCHƄE%QPVTQNNGT'FWECVKQPoYCU approach to aircraft control problems completed. In cooperation with a KMU with disturbances (DFG)

Sensors, Navigation and Data Fusion

Navigation sensors and systems provide ■ Platform-autonomous fault-tolerant ETWEKCNKPHQTOCVKQPQPCKTETCHVƅKIJVUVCVGU AD-AHRS, aerodynamic model-aided such as position, velocity and orientation, navigation or surface range-imaging in TGSWKTGFHQTƅKIJVUVCVGEQPVTQNCPFƅKIJV GNSS-degraded and denied environ- path guidance. Consequently, the perfor- ments OCPEGQHƅKIJVUVCVGEQPVTQNCPFJGPEG ■ Navigation system integration archi- safety greatly depends on navigation tectures with graceful degradation accuracy and integrity. Furthermore, capability and professional data fusion ƅKIJVUCHGV[CPFOKUUKQPUWEEGUUFGRGPF algorithms strongly upon availability, continuity and robustness of navigation. Projects 6JTGGCZKUOQVKQPUKOWNCVQTHQT The navigation research group at the ■ Multi-GNSS navigation inertial sensor testing FSD focused 2016 on the following key ■ Inertial laboratory enabling technologies: ■ Surface, image and model-aided ■ Inertial sensor and navigation system navigation test facility for sensor calibration and ■ Fault-tolerant ADAHRS integrated navigation system testing ■ Sensor driven trajectories ■ Multi global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) signal from space and augmen- tation signal exploitation under nominal conditions

Flight System Dynamics 147 Avionics and Safety Critical Systems

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In order to make automated takeoff and Projects landing of the research aircraft possible, ■ &GXGNQROGPVQHEGTVKƄCDNGƅKIJVEQPVTQN hardware-in-the-loop and aircraft-in-the- system architectures for RPAS up to loop tests were successfully performed in 150kg MTOW 2016. The main focus was on the modeling ■ Enhancements on model-based of ground effects and the modeling of development processes and tools for the terrain model. The terrain model is ƅKIJVYQTVJ[EGTVKƄCDNGUQHVYCTG necessary for the simulation of the radar ■ &GXGNQROGPVQHEGTVKƄCDNGƅKIJVEQPVTQN altimeter measurement and of the inter- system architectures for RPAS above action between the gear and the ground. 150kg MTOW (industry) Main challenges were to reproduce all ■ Development of a system and software relevant effects in a model which is able FGXGNQROGPVRTQEGUUHQTEGTVKƄCDNG to run in real time in the used simulation avionics (industry, successfully com- environment. The code for the HIL simula- pleted in 2016) tion is automatically generated out of the ■ Physical modeling and simulation of Simulink® model. avionics systems failure behavior The Avionics Group adapted the system, ■ Tool-assisted planning documents which ensures the safe operation of the generation for safety critical application institute’s research aircraft, to another (ZIM) started in 2015 aircraft. Together with small and medium ■ Development and integration of an enterprise industry partners the system was experimental autopilot system for the implemented and installed for a research Do 228 D-CODE (industry) aircraft of the DLR. The model-based development process established in previous years was used VQIGPGTCVGGODGFFGFƅKIJVEQPVTQN applications for various systems. In 2016, several of these projects were successfully VGUVGFKPƅKIJV0QYVJGOCKPHQEWUKUQP automatically verifying the outputs of the FGXGNQROGPVRTQEGUU6JGXGTKƄECVKQPKU done on several levels; from formal checks on model level over analysis on source EQFGNGXGNVQGZGEWVKQPVKOGXGTKƄECVKQPQP the object code level.

148 Flight System Dynamics Modeling, Simulation, Parameter Estimation and Flight Safety

The research group Modeling, Simula- HQEWUGUQPVJGSWCPVKƄECVKQPQHKPEKFGPV tion, Parameters Estimation and Flight probabilities for a given airline based on 5CHGV[HQEWUGUQPVJGOQFGNKPIQHƅKIJV KPHQTOCVKQPCDQWVƅKIJVQRGTCVKQP vehicle systems on the one hand and 6JGGZRGTKGPEGKPƅKIJVFCVCCPCN[UGU predictive analysis tools on the other gained at the institute raised the attention hand. The parameter estimation approach of several European airlines and agen- is based on measured input and output cies. As a result, the research group is data of a real system with the goal of part of the consortia of two European computing parameters of physical models Horizon2020 projects directly related to describing the real system. Flight vehicle ƅKIJVFCVCCPCN[UGUYKVJTGURGEVVQƅKIJV U[UVGOKFGPVKƄECVKQPHQEWUGUQPVJG safety. Furthermore, a cooperation with aircraft dynamics and on modeling the the TUM Statistics Department exists to acting forces and moments. The result incorporate advanced statistical concepts is a validated parameterized model with KPVQƅKIJVFCVCCPCN[UKU known uncertainty bounds that is reliable KPCEGTVCKPTGIKQPQHVJGƅKIJVGPXGNQRG Projects 5[UVGOKFGPVKƄECVKQPVGEJPKSWGUCNNQY ■ SafeClouds.eu: sharing data to make comparison and combination of data from aviation safer (EU-H2020) XGT[FKHHGTGPVUQWTEGUGIHTQOƅKIJV ■ Future sky safety: development of a tests, wind tunnel tests or computational risk observatory for the total aviation ƅWKFF[PCOKEUNGCFKPIVQXGT[CEEWTCVG system (EU-H2020) TGUWNVU6JGU[UVGOKFGPVKƄECVKQPITQWR ■ Copula-based dependence analysis focuses on unmanned aerial systems of functional data for validation and and general aviation aircraft. In doing so, calibration of dynamic aircraft models the group contributes to many projects. (DFG) 6JKUKPENWFGUVJGOQFGNKPIQHƄZGFYKPI ■ Research and development of a core aircraft, helicopter and multicopter sys- simulation model for a small aircraft VGOU6JGKFGPVKƄGFOQFGNUCTGWUGFHQT (industry) example, as the basis for the model-based ■ 4QDWUVKPƅKIJVKFGPVKƄECVKQP $C[TKUEJG FGUKIPQHƅKIJVEQPVTQNU[UVGOUCPFCU Forschungsstiftung) ƅKIJVF[PCOKEUOQFGNKPJKIJƄFGNKV[ ■ Modular training simulator system for ƅKIJVUKOWNCVQTU6JGƅKIJVUCHGV[RCTV UAS (ZIM)

Research Focus Infrastructure ■ (NKIJVIWKFCPEGCPFƅKIJVEQPVTQN ■ /WNVKRNGƄZGFCPFTQVCT[YKPI7#5 ■ Modeling, simulation, parameter RPAS GUVKOCVKQPCPFƅKIJVUCHGV[ ■ 6JTGGƅKIJVUKOWNCVQTU HTQOTGUGCTEJVQ ■ Trajectory optimization level 6 FTD) ■ Avionics and safety critical systems ■ Two manned research aircraft serving ■ Sensors, navigation and data fusion CUƅ[KPIVGUVDGFQPGQHVJGOYKVJ CEVKXGCEEGUUVQƅKIJVEQPVTQNU Competence ■ HIL test benches ■ Simulation of aerospace systems ■ Development of GNC functions in accordance with aerospace standards ■ Trajectory optimization under applica- tion relevant constraints ■ Airline operational safety assessment

Flight System Dynamics 149 Courses Xiang Fang, M.Eng. ■ Introduction to Flight System Dynamics Dipl.-Ing. Tim Fricke, Ingénieur Supaéro and Flight Control Dipl.-Ing. Agnes Gabrys ■ Flight System Dynamics I/II Dipl.-Ing. Markus Geiser ■ Flight Control I/II Daniel Gierszewski, M.Sc. ■ Flight Guidance I/II Dipl.-Ing. Christoph Göttlicher, M.Sc. ■ Development of Flight Control Systems Benedikt Grüter, M.Sc. ■ 5CHGV[CPF%GTVKƄECVKQPQH#XKQPKEUCPF Dipl.-Ing. Stefan Hager Flight Control Systems Dipl.-Ing. Stefan Haßler ■ Nonlinear Flight Control Dipl.-Ing. Markus Hochstrasser ■ Model Reference Adaptive Control Lukas Höhndorf, M.Sc. ■ Flight Dynamics Challenges of Highly Dipl.-Ing. Erik Karlsson Augmented Aircraft I/II Dipl.-Ing. Marc Andreas Kleser ■ Aircraft Trajectory Optimization Phillip Koppitz, M.Sc. ■ Navigation and Data Fusion Ann-Kathrin Koschlik, M.Sc. ■ MATLAB/Simulink for Computer Aided Christoph Krause, M.Sc Engineering Michael Krenmayr, M.Sc. ■ (NKIJV5[UVGO+FGPVKƄECVKQPCPF2CTC Martin Kügler, M.Sc. meter Estimation Dipl.-Ing. Patrick Lauffs ■ Fundamentals of Practical Flight Lab Miquel Leitao, M.Sc. (Scholar) ■ Flight Guidance Lab Dipl.-Ing. David Löbl ■ Flight Testing Lab Dipl.-Ing. Christian Merkl ■ Flight Control Lab Dipl.-Ing. Maximilian Mühlegg ■ Optimal Control Lab Dipl.-Ing. Nils Mumm Dipl.-Ing. Sam Nezhat Management Dipl.-Ing. Kajetan Nürnberger Prof. Dr.-Ing. Florian Holzapfel, Director Dipl.-Ing. Lars Peter Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. Gottfried Sachs (ret.) Philippe Petit, M.Sc. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Otto Wagner Patrick Piprek, M.Sc. Dr.-Ing. Matthias Heller Idris Putro, M.Sc. (Scholar) &KRN+PI6JQOCU4CHƅGT Adjunct Professors/Lecturers Julian Rhein, M.Sc. Dr.-Ing. Dipl.-Math. techn. Dipl.-Ing. Matthias Rieck (Scholar) Johann Dambeck Simon Schatz, M.Sc. Dr.-Ing. Matthias Heller Dipl.-Ing. Stefan Schiele Kevin Schmiechen, M.Sc. Administrative Staff Dipl.-Ing. Volker Schneider Monica Kleinoth-Gross Dipl.-Ing. Christopher Schropp David Seiferth, M.Sc. Research Scientists Javensius Sembiring, M.T. (Scholar) Sravan Akkinapalli, M.Sc. Dalong Shi, M.Eng. Fedor Baklanov, M.Sc. (Scholar) Jun Shi, M.Eng. Bharathkumar Balaji, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Philip Spiegel Dipl.-Ing. Matthias Bittner Lukas Steinert, M.Sc. (Scholar) Christopfer Blum, M.Sc. Raziye Tekin, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Stanislav Braun Chong Wang, M.Sc. Yahao Cheng, M.Sc. (Scholar) Dr.-Ing. Jian Wang Dipl.-Ing. Johannes Diepolder Xiaolong Wang Dipl.-Ing. Daniel Dollinger Dipl.-Ing. Simona Wulf Dipl.-Ing. Christoph Dörhöfer Christopher Zaglauer Dipl.-Ing. Ludwig Drees Alexander Zollitsch, M.Sc. Dr. Koray S. Erer Dipl.-Ing. Guillermo Falconí

150 Flight System Dynamics Publications 2016

■ Bittner, Matthias; Rieck, Matthias; Grüter, Benedikt; ■ Heise, Christian; Schatz, Simon P.; Holzapfel, Holzapfel, Florian (2016): Optimal Approach (NQTKCP  /QFKƄGF'ZVGPFGF5VCVG1DUGTXGT Trajectories for Multiple Aircraft Considering Control of Linear Systems. In: AIAA Science and &KUVWTDCPEGUCPF%QPƄIWTCVKQP%JCPIGU+P+%#5 Technology Forum and Exposition 2016. San Diego, 30th International Congress of the International California, 04.01.2016-08.01.2016. Council of the Aeronautical Sciences. Daejeon, ■ Höhndorf, Lukas; Siegel, Joachim; Sembiring, South Korea, 25.09.2016-30.09.2016. Javensius; Koppitz, Phillip; Holzapfel, Florian ■ Falconí, Guillermo P.; Angelov, Jorg; Holzapfel, Flo- (2016): Reconstruction of Aircraft Trajectories during rian (2016): Hexacopter Outdoor Flight Test Results Landing using a Rauch-Tung-Striebel Smoother, Using Adaptive Control Allocation Subject to an Instrument Landing System Deviation Information, Unknown Complete Loss of One Propeller. In: 3rd and Taxiway Locations. In: AIAA Atmospheric Flight Conference on Control and Fault-Tolerant Systems Mechanics Conference. Washington, D.C. (SysTol). Barcelona, Spain, 07.09.2016-09.09.2016, ■ Kügler, Martin E.; Holzapfel, Florian (2016): Develop- RR| ing Automated Contingency Procedures for the ■ Falconí, Guillermo P.; Heise, Christian; Holzapfel, ATOL System of a Fixed-Wing UAV through Online Florian (2016): Novel Control Law for Predictor- FDD. In: AIAA Modeling and Simulation Techno- based MRAC for Overactuated Systems. In: 14th logies Conference. San Diego, CA, 04.01.2016- International Conference on Control, Automation, 08.01.2016. Robotics & Vision (ICARCV). Phuket, Thailand, ■ Lauffs, Patrick J.; Holzapfel, Florian (2016): 13.11.2016-15.11.2016. Hardware-in-the-loop platform for development of ■ Falconí, Guillermo P.; Heise, Christian; Holzapfel, redundant smart actuators. In: Aircraft Engineering Florian (2016): Novel Stability Analysis of Direct and Aerospace Technology: An International Journal MRAC with Redundant Inputs. In: 24th Mediterra-   RR| nean Conference on Control and Automation (MED). ■ Mühlegg, Maximilian; Chowdhary, Girish; Holzapfel, #VJGPU)TGGEGRR| Florian (2016): State Monitoring of Systems ■ Falconí, Guillermo P.; Holzapfel, Florian (2016): Augmented by Model Reference Adaptive Control Adaptive Fault Tolerant Control Allocation for a Hex- using Analytic Time-Series Forecasting. In: 24th acopter System. In: American Control Conference. Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automa- $QUVQP/#75#,WN[RR| VKQP /'& #VJGPU)TGGEGRR| ■ Falconí, Guillermo P.; Marvakov, Valentin; Holzapfel, ■ Rieck, Matthias; Falconí, Guillermo P.; Gerdts, Florian (2016): Fault Tolerant Control for a Hexarotor Matthias; Holzapfel, Florian (2016): Periodic Full System Using Incremental Backstepping. In: Circuit Race Line Optimization under Consideration IEEE Multi-Conference on Systems and Control of a Dynamic Model with Gear Changes. In: IEEE (CCA). Buenos Aires, Argentina, September 19-22, Multi-Conference on Systems and Control (CCA). RR| Buenos Aires, Argentina, September 19-22, ■ Falconí, Guillermo P.; Schatz, Simon P.; Holzapfel, RR| Florian (2016): Fault Tolerant Control of a Hexarotor ■ Schatz, Simon P.; Heise, Christian; Holzapfel, using a Command Governor Augmentation. In: Florian (2016): Comparison of Command Governor 24th Mediterranean Conference on Control and #WIOGPVCVKQPCPF/QFKƄGF.KPGCT'ZVGPFGF5VCVG #WVQOCVKQP /'& #VJGPU)TGGEGRR| Observers for Uncertain Dynamical Systems. In: ■ Fricke, Tim; Holzapfel, Florian (2016): An Approach 24th Mediterranean Conference on Control and to Flight Control with Large Time Delays Derived #WVQOCVKQP /'& #VJGPU)TGGEGRR| from a Pulsive Human Control Strategy. In: AIAA ■ Spiegel, Philip; Dambeck, Johann; Holzapfel, Flo- Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. San rian: Improvement of surface aided navigation. In: Diego, California, 04.01.2016-08.01.2016. 2016 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation ■ Fricke, Tim; Holzapfel, Florian (2016): Strategies Symposium – PLANS 2016. Savannah, GA, USA, for Manual Landing of Remotely Piloted Airplanes RR| with Large Time Delay. In: ICAS 30th International ■ Tekin, Raziye; Erer, Koray S.; Holzapfel, Florian Congress of the International Council of the (2016): Control of Impact Time with Increased Aeronautical Sciences. Daejeon, South Korea, Robustness via Feedback Linearization. In: 25.09.2016-30.09.2016. Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 39 (7), ■ Göttlicher, Christoph; Gnoth, Marcus; Bittner, Mat- RR| thias; Holzapfel, Florian (2016): Aircraft Parameter ■ Wang, Chong; Drees, Ludwig; Holzapfel, Florian Estimation Using Optimal Control Methods. In: AIAA (2016): Extracting measurements from operational Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. San ƅKIJVFCVCWUKPIVJGƅCTGGZCORNG+P#+## Diego, California, 04.01.2016-08.01.2016. Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference. ■ Göttlicher, Christoph; Holzapfel, Florian (2016): San Diego, CA, 04.01.2016-08.01.2016. Flight Path Reconstruction for an Unmanned Aerial ■ Wang, Chong; Drees, Ludwig; Holzapfel, Florian Vehicle Using Low-Cost Sensors. In: ICAS 30th (2016): Fuel Starvation Caused by Hub Closure. International Congress of the International Council In: ICAS 30th International Congress of the of the Aeronautical Sciences. Daejeon, South International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences. Korea, 25.09.2016-30.09.2016. Daejeon, South Korea, 25.09.2016-30.09.2016. ■ Grüter, Benedikt; Bittner, Matthias; Rieck, Matthias; ■ Wang, Chong; Mohr, Nils; Holzapfel, Florian (2016): Diepolder, Johannes; Holzapfel, Florian (2016): Decoding of Binary Flight Data in ARINC 717 For- Optimal Sequencing in ATM Combining Genetic mat. In: 1st International Conference in Aerospace Algorithms and Gradient Based Methods to a For Young Scientists (ICAYS). Beijing, China. Bilevel Approach. In: ICAS 30th International ■ Zhang, Fubiao; Fricke, Tim; Holzapfel, Florian Congress of the International Council of the (2016): Integrated Control and Display Augmen- Aeronautical Sciences. Daejeon, South Korea, tation for Manual Remote Flight Control in the 25.09.2016-30.09.2016. Presence of Large Latency. In: AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. San Diego, CA, 04.01.2016-08.01.2016.

Flight System Dynamics 151 Institute of Aircraft Design

Applied aircraft design for civil aviation and unmanned aerial systems

■ The key challenge of the aircraft design process is integrating multiple disciplines to come up with the unique compromise on aircraft level to HWNƄNNCNNUVCMGJQNFGTTGSWKTGOGPVU6JKUFGUKIPRTQEGUUPGGFURQYGTHWN DWVƅGZKDNGPWOGTKECNFGUKIPVQQNUCUYGNNCUGCTN[FGOQPUVTCVQTUVQ validate requirements and technology assumptions. Covering this overall design chain has been a clear research focus of the Institute of Aircraft &GUKIPKP|

In the realization of effective demonstrator approaches also enabled new design fea- vehicles new manufacturing techniques tures and even innovative functionalities like additive layer manufacturing have opening up new design spaces. Further Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. been included to enable even more progress will allow for even lighter and Mirko Hornung GHƄEKGPVTCRKFRTQVQV[RKPI6JGUGPGY smaller demonstrator aircraft concepts.

Contact

www.lls.mw.tum.de Aircraft Design [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.15981

Aircraft design environment ADEBO

Aircraft design is a highly interdisciplinary By using LRZ services LRZ Sync+Share and interactive process enabling the and GitLab, a perfectly tailored develop- engineer to test and assess multiple ment environment for pushing forward design solutions to identify the best ADEBO was set up. A user category con- QXGTCNNEQORTQOKUGHWNƄNNKPIEWUVQOGT cept (USERTYPE) could be established requirements. Enabling a quick and easy GPCDNKPIOQTGGHƄEKGPVEQNNCDQTCVKQP integration of multiple disciplines, tech- between user and developer. Updates, nologies and also multiple actors in the advancements and revisions can also be design process requires powerful while done more easily which increases devel- ƅGZKDNGVQQNUWRRQTVUWKVGFHQTVJGFKHHGTGPV opment speed enormously. phases of design generation. Due to the integration of capabilities and The main focus of research in 2016 was the functionalities of OpenVSP into ADEBO, advancement of the aircraft design data the most common conceptual design model ADDAM, the extension of the tool tools used by NASA and other leading 'ZGORNCT[CKTETCHVFGUKIPUWUKPI repository of the aircraft design environment research institutes is made available. ADEBO ADEBO and the development of a data Consequently also input data for higher management and version control system for ƄFGNKV[VQQNUKPVJGƄGNFQH%#&CPF%(& the development of ADEBO itself. calculations can be created.

152 Institute of Aircraft Design #FXCPEGFƅKIJVEQPVTQNU[UVGOU #(%5  For an aircraft level evaluation of potential KPENWFKPIOWNVKHWPEVKQPCNƅKIJVEQPVTQN AFCS solutions, a representative and devices, considering new technologies, RCTCOGVGTK\GFƅKIJVOKUUKQPYKVJOQF EQPƄIWTCVKQPUCPFKPPQXCVKXGƅKIJVEQPVTQN elled aircraft systems for secondary power system architectures, show a potential requirement estimation has been devel- DGPGƄVHQTEQOOGTEKCNVTCPURQTVCKTETCHV oped at the Institute for Aircraft Design.

Unmanned Demonstrator Aircraft

As a partner in the Airbus Defence & Space funded Sagitta project, aiming to develop technologies for next generation UAV, the Institute for Aircraft Design is contributing to the development, man- ufacture and testing of the propulsion U[UVGOCUYGNNCUPQXGNƅKIJVEQPVTQN U[UVGOU6JGFKCOQPFUJCRGFƅ[KPIYKPI EQPƄIWTCVKQPYKVJCJKIJN[KPVGITCVGF propulsion system is propelled by two turbojet engines and the propulsion ducts include an inlet, a bypass duct and a thrust pipe. Primary components of the After intensive testing of the propulsion SAGITTA propulsion system system in the institute’s propulsion testing facility, the system has been manufactured the demonstrator started. With integration CPFKPVGITCVGFKPVQVJGƅ[KPIFGOQPUVTC of functional mock ups and tests on the jet tor. Ground tests in the aircraft have been engine and actuators key design features EQPFWEVGFEQPƄTOKPIVJGGZRGTKOGPVCN were validated. results measured in the propulsion test Especially for mock-up testing but also facility. Finally, taxi tests took place, in order to realize full functional demon- including slalom and braking maneuvers strator components motivated by the new with speeds up to 50kts. KPJQWUG&RTKPVGTYC[UVQDGPGƄEKCNN[ As part of the European Commission employ the 3D printing technology into funded FLEXOP project, the Institute UAV manufacturing toolchains were inves- of Aircraft Design is responsible for the tigated. A range, beginning with devices to design, manufacture, integration and test- KPƅWGPEGVJGCGTQF[PCOKEDQWPFCT[NC[GT ing of the unmanned demonstrator aircraft WRVQHWNNUECNGƄDGTTGKPHQTEGF&RTKPVGF GPCDNKPIKPƅKIJVKPXGUVKICVKQPUQPJKIJN[ structural UAV parts, was covered und ƅGZKDNGYKPIU+PVJGCKTETCHVFGVCKNGF generated many more ideas to be realized FGUKIPYCUƄPKUJGFCPFVJGDWKNFWRQH in 3D printing.

SAGITTA demonstrator UAV (Joint research pro- '7*s(.':12WPOCPPGFFGOQPUVTCVQTCKTETCHV gramme funded by Airbus Defence & Space) HQTJKIJN[ƅGZKDNGYKPIVGEJPQNQIKGU

Institute of Aircraft Design 153 Noise and Fleet Assessment

Looking at the global perspective, one key question drives research: How will novel CKTETCHVEQPEGRVUKORCEVHWVWTGƅGGVCPF aircraft operations. At the Institute for Aircraft Design, research on the development of methods for the evaluation of new aircraft concepts has been performed. Such evaluation methods on aircraft utilizing hybrid-electric propulsion systems found headway in the course of the research pro- ject ‘PowerLab – Development of a Technol- ogy Platform for Electric Flight’. The Institute of Aircraft Design was responsible for the work package on the overall evaluation of Evaluation of new aircraft concept The main local challenge for aviation is the aircraft concept including infrastructure using cluster analysis arguably noise in the vicinity of airports. aspects which yielded innovative methodol- Modelling airport noise consequently is ogies boosting overall research efforts of all one focus of the Institute of Aircraft Design. partners. Research at the Institute aims for noise Research activities to analyze the global reduction through noise abatement proce- air transport network based on operational dures and the assessment of the related EJCTCEVGTKUVKEUQHVJGINQDCNCKTETCHVƅGGV KPƅWGPEGUQPHWVWTGPQKUGUKVWCVKQPUCV were also performed. This enables a better EKXKNCKTRQTVU9KVJKPVJKUTGUGCTEJƄGNFVJG insight and understanding of the various Institute of Aircraft Design has worked on a air transport network structures unique to study for the District Government of Upper various regions of the world. Potential results Bavaria. In collaboration with stakeholders yield useful implications and measures of the expert working group, Aviation Noise for aviation stakeholders including policy (Arbeitsgruppe Fluglärm), a noise task force makers. at Munich Airport, the noise situation and Work on the further development of system crucial boundary conditions at Germany’s dynamics based modeling of the global second largest airport were analyzed. The CKTETCHVƅGGVKPENWFGPQXGNCRRTQCEJGU study assessed various potential noise to both address current limitations of the TGFWEVKQPOGVJQFUHQTKPUVCPEGKPƅKIJV model in the form of an object-oriented operational procedures for departure and ƅGGVOQFGNCUYGNNCUGZRCPFKPIGZKUVKPI approach operations. Furthermore, other capabilities, which includes the integration measures like on-ground procedures and of hybrid-electric propulsion concepts in ƄPCPEKCNKPUVTWOGPVUYGTGCUUGUUGFCKOKPI aircraft performance modeling for such an at a further reduction of airport noise. application.

154 Institute of Aircraft Design Simulation-based UAS Design

UAS mission: Sensor simulation UAS mission: Sensor coverage assessment

The integration of simulation-based design the tasks and assessment of the architec- methods for unmanned air systems (UAS) ture of the air vehicle. or remotely piloted air systems (RPAS) The tool functionalities allow calculation enables a more consistent design process and mapping of the actual footprint area for such air vehicles. Connecting the KPTGCNVKOGFWTKPIVJGƅKIJVUKOWNCVKQP operational or mission environment with The sensor area coverage mapping shows sensorics and/or communication systems the area covered by the sensor during as well as other payload systems allows the mission by marking the ground where an early integration and assessment of VJGUGPUQToUƄGNFQHXKGYKGR[TCOKF novel air vehicle architectures. touches the terrain. As a result of the ele- The visualization environment is therefore vation model and realistic representation a key part of the tool chain for UAS mis- of the terrain, the visualization software sion simulation and evaluation developed allows the communication range to be at the Institute of Aircraft Design. modeled and the line-of-sight between the The visualization tool models an opera- ƅ[KPIRNCVHQTOCPFVJGTGEGKXKPIUVCVKQPVQ tional environment and enables simulation be checked for obscuration. QHC7#5OKUUKQPƅKIJVKPKV+VIKXGU 6JGƅGZKDKNKV[QHEWUVQOUEGPGUGVVKPIUKP additional information on sensor perfor- the visualization tool enables simulation mance analysis and mission effectiveness CPFXKUWCNK\CVKQPQHXCTKQWUFKHHGTGPVƅKIJV evaluation processes, which in the end and mission situations. allow enhancement of the performance of

Research Focus Infrastructure ■ Scenario and future analysis ■ Integrated aircraft design environment ■ Aircraft design ■ Laboratory for demonstrator aircraft ■ Analysis and evaluation of aircraft ■ Experimental UAS (e.g. IMPULLS UAV) concepts ■ Propulsion integration lab ■ Mission simulation Competence ■ Airport simulation ■ Scenario technique ■ Aircraft design (manned/unmanned, military and civil) ■ Aircraft and system integration and XGTKƄECVKQP 7#8URTQVQV[RGU ■ Propulsion integration, electrical and hybrid propulsion systems ■ Operational assessment: noise, airport capacity, cost

Institute of Aircraft Design 155 Courses Administrative Staff ■ Fundamentals in Aeronautics Natalie Gulotta (jointly with the Institute of Helicopter Technology) Research Scientists ■ Aircraft Design Dr. Ing. Christian Rößler ■ Aircraft Systems Lysandros Anastasopoulos, M.Sc. ■ Fundamentals of Aircraft Operations Dipl. Ing. Lykourgos Bougas ■ Operational Aspects of Aviation Dipl. Ing. Jens Feger Dipl. Ing. Ekaterina Fokina Practical Courses Sebastian Herbst, M.Sc. ■ Aviation Scenarios, Technology Dipl. Ing. Thomas Lampl Evaluation Dipl. Ing. Christoph Schinwald ■ CAD in Aircraft Design Franz-Michael Sendner, M.Sc. ■ Aircraft Design Philipp Stahl, M.Sc. Dipl. Ing. Joachim Sturm Management Gilbert Tay, M.Sc. Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Mirko Hornung, Moritz Thiele, M.Sc. Director Dipl. Ing. Felix Will Prof. h.c. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. Dieter Schmitt, Emeritus Technical Staff Prof.-Ing. Gero Madelung, Emeritus John Lewis

Adjunct Professors Dipl.-Ing. Axel Becker

Publications 2016

■ Sebastian Herbst, Adrian Staudenmaier: Using ■ C. Schinwald, K. O. Plötner, M. Hornung: Using OpenVSP in a Conceptual Aircraft Design Environ- Airport Fast-Time Simulation Models to Increase the ment in MATLAB, ICAS Daejon, South Korea, 2016 Quality of Airport Capacity Utilization Studies, 2016 ■ J. Bijewitz, A. Seitz, M. Hornung: A Review of ■ C. Schinwald, M. Hornung, K. O. Plötner: Classi- Recent Aircraft Concepts Employing Synergistic ƄECVKQPQH#KTNKPGUCPF#KTRQTVU7UKPI%NWUVGTKPI Propulsion-Airframe Integration, ICAS Daejon, Algorithms, Air Transport Research Society World South Korea, 2016 Conference 2016, Rhodes, Greece, 2016 ■ O. Oguntona, A. Cui, K. Plötner, M. Hornung: Fleet ■ 5-CKUGT#5GKV\28TCVP[/*QTPWPI7PKƄGF Development Planning of Airlines: Incorporating the Thermodynamic Evaluation of Radical Aero Engine Aircraft Operating Economics Factor, ICAS Daejon, Cycles, ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery South Korea, 2016 Technical Conference and Exposition, Seoul, South ■ M. Schmidt, M. Engelmann, R. Rothfeld, M. Korea, 2016 Hornung: Boarding Process Assessment of Novel ■ M. Schmidt, M. Engelmann, T. Brügge-Zobel, Aircraft Cabin Concepts, ICAS Daejon, South M. Hornung, M. Glas: PAXelerate – An Open Korea, 2016 Source Passenger Flow Simulation Framework for ■ P. Heinemann, M. Schmidt, F. Will, M. Shamiyeh, Advanced Aircraft Cabin Layouts, AIAA Science C. Jeßberger, M. Hornung: ‘Conceptual Studies and Technology Forum and Exposition 2016 (AIAA of a Transport Aircraft Operating out of Inner-City SciTech 2016), San Diego, California, USA, 2016 Airports’, 65. Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkon- gress 2016, Braunschweig, Deutschland, 2016 ■ P. Heinemann, M. Schmidt, C. Jeßberger, F. Will, 5|-CKUGT/*QTPWPIn5K\KPICPF2GTHQTOCPEG Implications of a Regional Aircraft for Inner-City Air- port Operations’, READ 2016 6th SCAD, Warschau, Poland, 2016 ■ F. Will, G. Tay, A. Becker, D. Carnelly, D. Eychenne, M. Hornung: ‘Green Airlines 2025: Environment and Sustainability in Commercial Aviation – A Scenario Study’, 16th Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference (ATIO), AIAA Aviation 2016, Washington D.C., USA, 2016

156 Institute of Aircraft Design Lightweight Structures

New structural concepts – structural simulation and design optimization methods – experimental structural and material investigations

■*KIJN[ƅGZKDNGUVTWEVWTGUJCXGDGGPCOCLQTTGUGCTEJHQEWUKP NQQMKPICNUQCVUWKVCDNGEQORQUKVGOCVGTKCNUCNNQYKPIUWEJƅGZKDNGUVTWE tures to also undergo large shape variations and at the same time to take considerable loads. A further focus of research was on the effects of large thermal loads and thermal load cycles on structures. This not only KPENWFGUJKIJGTDWVCNUQGZVTGOGN[NQYET[QIGPKEVGORGTCVWTGUUWEJCU in lightweight liquid hydrogen tanks. The areas of application of these CPFQVJGTTGUGCTEJCEVKXKVKGUJCXGDGGPOQUVN[KPCGTQURCEGDWVCNUQKP automotive and special structures.

Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Mirko Hornung (interim)

Contact

Flexible Wing Demonstrator www.llb.mw.tum.de – EU FLEXOP [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.16103 The goal to develop aircraft which are greener, safer, and more cost effective ECPQPN[DGCEJKGXGFYKVJD[UKIPKƄECPV innovations in aircraft design methods. FLEXOP demonstrator aircraft Advanced aerodynamic and structural design technologies can be achieved by tions. Furthermore, important aero elastic passive as well as active suppression of side effects like rudder reversal, deforma- aeroelastic instabilities. To demonstrate tion-induced stall as well as divergence the potential of this approach, an exper- have to be taken into account. imental test platform with a high aspect Due to the strong interaction between the TCVKQ #4 YKPICPFENGCTN[RTGFGƄPGF structural elasticity and the wing aerody- ƅWVVGTEJCTCEVGTKUVKEUKUFGXGNQRGFYKVJKP namics, a coupled investigation is neces- the project FLEXOP. Therefore, methods sary from an early point in the design task. HQTCEEWTCVGƅWVVGTRTGFKEVKQPDGEQOG Therefore, the structural composite wing essential throughout the entire develop- FGUKIPKUKORNGOGPVGFCUCƄPKVGGNGOGPV ment process. model, while steady and unsteady aerody- The challenges for the structural wing PCOKEHQTEGUCTGEQORWVGFWUKPIGHƄEKGPV FGUKIPCTGTGNCVGFVQVJGEQPƅKEVKPIFGUKIP RQVGPVKCNƅQYVJGQT[DCUGFCRRTQCEJGU goals of having an elastic wing with low like the double-lattice method (DLM). ƅWVVGTURGGFDWVCNUQCNNQYKPIKVVQDGUVKHH 5KPEGOCP[EQPƄIWTCVKQPURCTCOGVGT and strong enough to sustain the maneu- XCTKCVKQPUCPFƅKIJVOCPGWXGTUJCXGVQ XGTNQCFKPIFWGVQFKHHGTGPVƅKIJVQRGTC be studied in the early structural design stage, this is a reasonable strategy for obtaining rapid estimations of the struc- tural loading, the demonstrator’s perfor- mance and the aeroelastic behavior.

5VTWEVWTCNFGUKIPQHVJG#:ƅWVVGTYKPI UVCU[OOGVTKECPFPFU[OOGVTKEYKPIƅWVVGTOQFG

Lightweight Structures 157 Space Antenna Structures at Large Temperature Variations

The effects of material degradation QPJKIJN[UVCDNGCPVGPPCTGƅGEVQTUQP geostationary satellites due to temper- ature cycles has been investigated in the project H2KAR, in collaboration with the space supplier companies HPS and INVENT. Rotation around the earth of a geostationary satellite causes thousands of temperature cycles approximately DGVYGGP |Œ%FQYPVQŒ%KHPQV Thermoelastic deformation measurements with less. These temperature changes result RJQVQITCOOGVT[OGVJQFU*GCVKPIQHVJGTGƅGEVQTD[ a radiant heater array KPKPVGTPCNUVTGUUGUQHVJGECTDQPƄDGT reinforced plastic (CFRP), which cause been validated in a comprehensive testing micro-cracking of the matrix material. This campaign. In subsequent steps the ther- leads to degradation of the mechanical moelastic deformation of the structures and thermal properties, and especially will be measured on a special test bed by KPEJCPIGUQHVJGEQGHƄEKGPVQHVJGTOCN photogrammetry methods. Related test, expansion. measurement and data evaluation meth- Therefore the thermoelastic properties ods have been developed at LLB with and the structure’s deformation behavior funding provided by the German Federal CTGKPƅWGPEGFYJKEJRQUUKDN[NGCFUVQ Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy degradation of the radio-electric trans- under its space technology program. mission capacity. These effects have also

Highly Flexible Materials for Morphing Structures

A morphing aileron gap cover is devel- oped in collaboration with DLR and the company INVENT in the project FlexMat of the German Aeronautical Research Pro- gram (LuFo). The challenge is to develop materials and components which can be shape-morphed quite easily, but which are also able to take high operational loads. LLB is developing and investigating a new shear compliant shell structure for such (NGZ/CVOCVGTKCNEQPEGRV applications. The shell structure consists QHECTDQPƄDGTTGKPHQTEGFGRQZ[TQFU FKEVGFD[CƄPKVGGNGOGPVOQFGNQPOGUQ implemented in an EPDM rubber matrix, scale level. Therefore, numerous design processed in one single autoclave step. variants can be investigated and the The required shear compliance is enabled best design can subsequently be found by the rubber matrix, whereas the CFRP by numerical optimization methods in rods enhance the in-plane membrane HWTVJGTUVGRU#PGZRGTKOGPVCNXGTKƄECVKQP stiffness and take most of the loads. The program is planned in later steps. elastic behavior of the material is pre-

158 Lightweight Structures Liquid Hydrogen Pressure Vessels

In the research project HyMod with part- PGTUHTQOKPFWUVT[CPFUGXGTCNUEKGPVKƄE institutions, simulation and evaluation methods were developed to analyze the lifetime of hydrogen pressure vessels for automotive use. There- fore the thermo-mechanical behavior of different polymers was character- ized down to cryogenic temperatures in an even liquid helium environment of CTQWPF|Œ-+PPWOGTKECNUKOWNCVKQPUVJG Position of hydrogen pressure vessel in automobile material behavior was modelled with its (Source: BMW AG) dependency on temperature, load levels, number of load cycles and load direction the thermal expansion, different tensile and was further used to predict the and compressive properties, the tension- lifetime of hydrogen tank components. compression asymmetry, the material For valve seats of the cryogenic tank stiffness and transversal contraction, the concept, two high performance polymers, plasticity and necking behavior, the yield injection-molded PEEK and powder-sin- strength and failure behavior, the visco- tered polyimide, were investigated with elasticity and creep behavior as well as regard to their elastic-plastic material the fatigue strength under cyclic loading. behavior. For this purpose, tensile tests To model the material behavior in numeri- YGTGECTTKGFQWVCVƄXGUGNGEVGFVGO cal FEM simulations, elastic-plastic as well perature levels down to a temperature as hyperelastic and viscoelastic material QH|Œ% - VQFGVGTOKPGVJGTGNGXCPV models have been adapted, validated characteristic values of material stiffness, and evaluated. By combining data from transversal contraction and material material studies and simulations on the strength. The thermal expansion of the pressurized tank, the service life of the polymers was investigated using a dilato- DWKNVKPNKPGTYCUƄPCNN[ECNEWNCVGF meter over a wide temperature range. The temperature-dependent material behavior was modelled with the aid of an elastic-plastic constitutive model and used for FEM simulations on tank compo- nents. The liner of a room temperature tank concept (CGH2 tank, type IV, 700 bar) was manufactured out of high-density polyeth- ylene (HDPE) by roto-extrusion molding. To investigate the nonlinear temperature dependency of the thermal expansion as well as the anisosensitivity of the elastic- plastic and the material failure behavior under variable static and dynamic loads, the partially crystalline thermoplastic was 5GEVKQPCNXKGYQHET[QIGPKE%E*2 tank system with selection of subsystems and components subjected to various experiments. (Source: BMW AG) In detail the following characteristics were investigated at wide temperature ranges;

Lightweight Structures 159 Modeling of Defects of Fiber Reinforced Plastics

In the industrial production of FRP-parts, Parametric modelling of representative various different defects can arise from unit cells was used in the study. Con- OCPWHCEVWTKPI6JGUGƅCYUECPJCXGC sistent with literature, it was found that major impact on the overall behavior of the major parameter for assessment of components as they lead to a reduction VJGKPƅWGPEGQHWPFWNCVKQPKUVJGTCVKQQH in stiffness, bearable stress and fatigue amplitude and wave-length. Looking at strength. Therefore, premature failure can ƄTUVRN[HCKNWTGWUKPIC&HCKNWTGETKVGTKQP Effort due to out of plane shear occur. (Cuntze), it was shown that even a little GA#.  Within the project RoCK carried out within YCXKPGUUECPJCXGCOCLQTKPƅWGPEGQP the German Aeronautical Research Pro- strength at in-plane loading perpendicular gram (LuFo), the defect type ‘undulation’ to the pleat. Shear strength can also be was investigated via extensive modeling KPƅWGPEGFD[YCXKPGUU#UVJGUVTGUU and simulations. The focus was on the state becomes more complex in an RTGFKEVKQPQHKPƅWGPEGUECWUGFD[QWVQH undulated laminate, delamination can also plane waviness with FEM. QEEWTGXGPKPCƅCVRNCVG#UVJGUVKHHPGUU 6JGƄTUVVCUMYCUVQRTQXKFGSWCPVKƄECVKQP distribution changes due to the waviness, QPJQYNCTIGVJGKPƅWGPEGQHYCXKPGUUQP there is a change in local stiffness and the characteristics of the material are. In global stiffness and stress distribution. the second part a tool has been devel- Additionally the stacking sequence has an oped which can be used to predict the KPƅWGPEGQPVJGGHHGEVUQHWPFWNCVKQP Effort due to tension perpendicu- KPƅWGPEGQHTGCNWPFWNCVKQPRTGUGPVKPVJG NCTVQRNGCV GA#.  relevant (customer) parts.

CFRP Chopper Disks with Very High Rotation Speed

Chopper disks are commonly used in Such disks have several cut-outs and PGWVTQPVKOGQHƅKIJV 61( URGEVTQUEQR[ rotate around an axis parallel to the neu- used in neutron physics experiments. tron beam, reaching operational speeds of up to 25,000 rpm. In order to achieve a further increase in rotational speed, three aspects were investigated. First, the impact of mass distribution on the dynam- KECNDGJCXKQTQHVJGECTDQPƄDGTTGKPHQTEGF polymer (CFRP) disk was studied. Sec- ond, the radial displacement of the disk was analyzed and the disk was afterwards numerically optimized for lower widening around the central drilling. Finally, stress concentrations around the bottom of the cut-outs were calculated and the shape of the cut-outs was optimized in order to lower failure indices. Dynamic and strength tests were per- HQTOGFYJKEJEQPƄTOGFVJGPWOGTKECNN[ determined results. Resulting from computational optimization, the rotational speed of the chopper disk could in total be increased by around 20%. 1RVKOK\GFVJKEMPGUUFKUVTKDWVKQPQHCEJQRRGTFKUMHQTJKIJGTPCVWTCNHTGSWGPEKGU

160 Lightweight Structures Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Copper

For many RF applications, like wave guides or feed horns, a hybrid material solution of copper, with its excellent electrical conductivity, and CFRP, with KVUJKIJURGEKƄEUVKHHPGUUCPFUVTGPIVJ is envisaged. The combination of the materials is usually achieved by the appli- cation of a thin, functional layer of copper %CTDQPƄDGTTGKPHQTEGFEQRRGTYCXGIWKFG onto the CFRP structure. A well-known manufacturing process for very precise ƄDGTTGKPHQTEGFEQRRGT %(4%W &GRGPF- and thin walled RF components is the ing on the deposition time and the current copper galvanic forming process. The dry intensity of the galvanic bath, the amount ECTDQPƄDGTUECPDGWUGFCUCECVJQFGKP of copper deposited can be controlled. the galvanic forming process due to their 7UKPIVJGƄTUVURGEKOGPURTQFWEGF high electrical conductivity. This allows mechanical and thermoelastic characteri- the copper to be directly deposited onto zation are currently underway to verify the VJGECTDQPƄDGTUWTHCEGVJWUETGCVKPI validity of such hybrid materials and parts CEQRRGTOCVTKZCTQWPFVJGƄDGTU6JKU for applications in space satellites. novel hybrid material is termed carbon-

Research Focus Courses ■ Adaptive and shape morphing struc- ■ Leichtbau tures ■ Luft- und Raumfahrtstrukturen ■ Hybrid material structures ■ Multidisciplinary Design Optimization ■ Large space structures ■ Adaptive Strukturen ■ Model-based design optimization ■ Faserverbundwerkstoffe methods ■ Membranstrukturen ■ Betriebsfestigkeit Competence ■ Multifunctional Polymer Parts ■ Adaptive structures and smart materials ■ Vibro-Akustik und Lärm ■ Design optimization methods ■ Testmethoden im Flugzeugbau und ■ Structural mechanics and design Leichtbau concepts ■ Mechanical and environmental testing

Infrastructure ■ Computer cluster with 250 processors ■ CAD and several FEM tools ■ Dynamic simulation tools ■ Design optimization tools ■ 9QTMUJQRHQTOGVCNCPFƄDGTEQORQ site parts ■ Mechanical and environmental test facilities incl. cryogenic temperatures ■ Extensive measurement systems ■ Non-destructive materials and parts inspection

Lightweight Structures 161 Management Research Scientists Prof. Horst Baier, Director (retired) Dipl.-Ing. Johannes Achleitner Prof. Mirko Hornung, Director (acting) Andreas Hermanutz, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Peter Krempl Adjunct Professors Nikoloz Maghaldadze, M.Sc. Prof. Dr. Pierre Mertiny Dipl.-Ing. Martin Mahl Prof. Dr. Rudolf Schwarz Dipl.-Ing. Matthias Weinzierl

Administrative Staff Technical Staff Amely Schwörer Manfred Bauer Dipl.-Ing. Karl-Ludwig Krämer Bernhard Lerch Christian Mörlein Dirk Steglich Josip Stokic

Publications 2016

■ #EJNGKVPGT,$CKGT*%GNN5MKPsCPGYƅGZKDNGUJGNN ■ Wehrle, R.; Baier, H.: Grid Based Contour Para- structure for a morphing wing aircraft. International metrization and Optimization of extruded Aluminum Conference on Composite Structures (19th, Porto, 2TQƄNGUEQPUKFGTKPI5VTWEVWTCNCPF/CPWHCEVWTKPI 2016), 2016 Aspects, Journal on Structural and Multidisciplinary ■ Da Rocha-Schmidt, L.; Datashvili, L.; Baier, H.: A Optimization, 2016 Multistep Morphing Structures Design Approach ■ Weinzierl, M.; Antonelli, V.; Baier, H.: Design and Applied to Dfferent Types of Applications in Aero- EGTVKƄECVKQPQH%(42EJQRRGTFKUMUHQTVJG0'#6++ space. AIAA/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural TOF spectrometer: A lesson learned. ECCM17 – 17th Dynamics, and Materials Conference [57th, San European Conference on Composite Materials [6, Diego, 2016], 2016 2016, Munich], 2016 ■ Harnischfeger, Milan; Schatz, Markus; Baier, Horst; ■ Weinzierl, M.; Baier, H.: Design and Optimization of Mertiny, Pierre: Validation of Design Optimization a hub for a CFRP disk rotating at a very high speed. Approach for Polymer Composite Piping. PVP International Conference on Composite Structures (Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference), 2016 (19th, Porto, 2016), 2016 ■ Kling, U.; Seitz, A.; Bijewitz, J.; Hermanutz, A.; da ■ Weinzierl, M.; Baier, H.: Chopper Supplier Forum Rocha-Schmidt, L.; Scarpa, F.; Majic, F.; Efraimsson, 2016 – Chopper disk manufacturer update TUM/ G.; O´Reilly, C.J.: Shape Adaptive Technology for LLB. Design and Engineering of Neutron Instruments Aircraft Engine Nacelle Inlets. Aircraft Structural Meeting, 2016 Design Conference [5th.], 2016 ■ Weinzierl, M.; Schatz, M.; Antonelli, V.; Baier, H.: ■ Mahl, M.; Klaproth, T.; Baier, H.: Thermo-mechanis- Structural design optimization of CFRP chopper che Untersuchungen von Hochleistungskunststoffen disks. Composite Structures (140), 2016, pp. 351- für kryogene Wasserstoffdrucktanks. Symposium 359 Material Innovativ 2016, 2016 ■ da Rocha-Schmidt, L.; Baier, H.: Ein Entwurfsprozess ■ Rupp, A.; Baier, H.; Mertiny, P.; Secanell, M.: Analysis für Formvariable Strukturen mit Beispielen aus der QHCƅ[YJGGNGPGTI[UVQTCIGU[UVGOHQTNKIJVTCKN Luft- und Raumfahrt. 4SMARTS Symposium für transit. Energy (107), 2016, p. 625-638 Smarte Strukturen und Systeme, 2016 ■ Schatz, Markus E.; Hermanutz, Andreas; Baier, Horst J.: Multi-criteria optimization of an aircraft propeller considering manufacturing. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 2016 ■ Ungwattanapanit, T.; Baier, H.: Gradient-Based Optimization of Steered-Fibre Aircraft Panels with Postbuckling Consideration using Equivalent Static Loads. AIAA/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference [57th, San Diego, 2016], 2016

162 Lightweight Structures Flow Control and Aeroacoustics

0WOGTKECNCPFGZRGTKOGPVCNUVWF[QHƅQYCPFUQWPFƄGNFUCPFVJGKTEQPVTQN

■ The focus of the research group in 2016 was the development and VGUVKPIQHTGUGCTEJVQQNUHQTVJGPWOGTKECNRTGFKEVKQPQHƅQYCPFUQWPF ƄGNFUCPFHQTVJGKTXCNKFCVKQPKPYKPFVWPPGNGZRGTKOGPVU

Sound Radiation from a 2-bladed Pusher Propeller

As a step towards better understanding of two steps. Firstly, an unsteady CFD simu- installation effects on aerodynamic noise lation employing sliding-mesh technique IGPGTCVKQPCRWUJGTRTQRGNNGTEQPƄIW is carried out in the time domain, yielding ration is investigated. It can be installed unsteady pressure on the blade surface. downstream of the V-shaped tail section In a second step, the Ffowcs-Williams Prof. Dr.-Ing. of an UAV (corresponding to the IMPULSS Hawkings solver Spysi (developed at the Hans-Jakob Kaltenbach geometry designed and built at LLS under Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen the auspices of Prof. M. Hornung). The in the group of Prof. S. Becker) is employ- Contact hybrid prediction approach consists of GFVQRTGFKEVVJGHCTƄGNFUQWPFƄGNF www.aer.mw.tum.de Hans-Jakob.Kaltenbach @tum.de Phone +49.89.289.16397

Isosurface of the magnitude of the velocity vector in a cut along the RTQRGNNGTCZKU NGHV CPFVJTQWIJ the propeller plane (right). HTQO/*CDT[MCUVWFGPVVJGUKU

Numerical Prediction of Aerodynamic Loads During Entry of a Subway Train into an Underground Station

The wall cladding and other installations in subway stations experience unsteady aerodynamic loads during entry and pas- sage of trains. The purpose of an ongoing project is the quantitative prediction of these loads by numerical simulation (CFD) CPFRQUUKDNGXGTKƄECVKQPD[OGCUWTG ments at real sites at a later stage. Up to now, results from transient simulations based on the sliding-mesh technique have been obtained for generic train and station geometries at parameters (train speed, deceleration, blockage, distance of sta- tions) corresponding to a typical situation in the Munich subway system. +UQUWTHCEGQHVJGRTGUUWTGƄGNFQPCJQTK\QPVCNEWVKPOFKUVCPEGHTQOVJGITQWPFQHVJG UWDYC[UVCVKQPCVCPKPUVCPEGQHVKOGYJGPVJGVTCKPJGCFJCUCNTGCF[GPVGTGFVJGUVCVKQP HTQO65-NQUG$5EVJGUKU

Flow Control and Aeroacoustics 163 Measurement of Wake Development of a Model Wind Turbine over Rough Terrain

Prediction of the evolution of the wakes forming behind wind turbines is a neces- sary ingredient for the optimization of wind farms with respect to maximum power production and load alleviation. Experi- ments on a model-scale turbine with a rotor diameter of 450 mm have been car ried out in the boundary layer wind tunnel of the TUM Chair of Aerodynamics. 6JGKPƅWGPEGQHUWTHCEGTQWIJPGUU VGTTCKP conditions), tip-speed ratio and yaw angle on the wake evolution is studied. Detailed ƅQYƄGNFOGCUWTGOGPVUJCXGDGGP carried out with hot-wire probes. #ZKCNEQORQPGPVQHVJGOGCPXGNQEKV[KPCJQTK\QPVCNRNCPGVJTQWIJVJGTQVQTJWDHQTPQTOCN QTKGPVCVKQP VQR QHVJGTQVQTCPFHQTC[CYGFEQPƄIWTCVKQP DQVVQO  Projects HTQO%J

Research Focus Courses ■ Numerical prediction of generation and ■ Continuum Mechanics (MSE), 50 % RTQRCICVKQPQHƅQYKPFWEGFPQKUG ■ Grundlagen der numerischen Strö- ■ Flow control with focus on suppression mungsmechanik QHƅQYUGRCTCVKQPCPFPQKUGOKVKICVKQP ■ Aeroakustik ■ Self-noise of splitter attenuators ■ 5VTÒOWPIUDGGKPƅWUUWPI ■ Wake interaction of wind turbines ■ Numerische Strömungsakustik ■ Praktikum Numerische Strömungs- Competence simulation ■ 0WOGTKECNRTGFKEVKQPQHƅQYCPFUQWPF ■ Praktikum Numerische Strömungs- ■ 'ZRGTKOGPVCNKPXGUVKICVKQPQHƅQYCPF akustik UQWPFƄGNFU Management Infrastructure Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Jakob Kaltenbach ■ Usage of wind tunnel at the Institute of Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics Administrative Staff ■ Test setup of a microphone array Amely Schwörer (secretary to the Chair of Aerodynamics)

Research Scientists Jithendra Tirakala, M.Sc. Konstantin Vachnadze, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Victor Stein

Publications 2016

■ Stein, Victor P., Kaltenbach, H.-J.: Wind-tunnel OQFGNNKPIQHVJGVKRURGGFTCVKQKPƅWGPEGQPVJG wake evolution. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 753 (2016) 032061

164 Flow Control and Aeroacoustics Plant and Process Technology

Modeling and simulation of chemical processes, equipment design, thermodynamic property data

■ In 2016 the focus of research at the Institute of Plant and Process 6GEJPQNQI[YCUVJGGPGTI[GHƄEKGPVFGUKIPQHEJGOKECNRTQFWEVKQP processes as well as innovative design methods for process equipment. After intensive measuring campaigns in 2014-15 in the 1.2 m diameter RCEMGFDGFVGUVEQNWOPVJGHQEWUYCUUJKHVGFKPVQKPPQXCVKXG OQFGNKPIQHVJGOCNFKUVTKDWVKQPDGJCXKQTKPRCEMGFEQNWOPU(WTVJGTOQTG the research area of modeling and simulation of the dynamic behavior of industrial chemical processes started within the consortium SynErgie in VJGNQPIVGTO$/$(RTQLGEV-QRGTPKMWU(KPCNN[KPVJGƄTUVTGUWNVU YGTGIGPGTCVGFDCUGFQPEQORNGZ%(&UKOWNCVKQPUYJKEJFGUETKDGVJG heat transfer phenomena during condensation of pure substances at the Prof. Dr.-Ing. QWVGTUWTHCEGQHRNCKPCPFNQYƄPPGFVWDGU Harald Klein KPEQQNGFJGCVGZEJCPIGTU Contact

www.apt.mw.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.16501

%(&5KOWNCVKQPQHEQPFGPUCVKQPQPCNQYƄPPGFVWDG

Modeling and Thermodynamic Property Data

A promising option to produce climate- used as a pure CO2 feed gas. Although friendly biofuels is to grow algae in large growing algae in open ponds has been open ponds, extract the lipid content of done for decades, there is still a lot of the algae cells and process it to a bio TGUGCTEJPGEGUUCT[KPJQYVQGHƄEKGPVN[ TGƄPGT[6JGGPFRTQFWEVUQHVJKURTQEGUU grow algae in large systems with a surface may be biodiesel or jet fuel. The algae area per pond of 10 ha and above, and consume CO2 to increase their biomass therefore produce biofuels economically. and are then converted into bio-fuels. Especially the design of larger algae

A possible CO2UQWTEGKUVJGƅWGICUQH ponds remains a challenge since there power plants which can either be used is virtually no practical experience in the directly as feed for the algae pond or from behavior of such large ponds. which the CO2 can be captured and then At the Institute of Plant and Process Tech- nology a model was developed that simu- lates the behavior of raceway-type large open ponds. The model was programmed in MATLAB and can be used to evaluate the performance of open raceway-type ponds at different locations and periods. The model is fully dynamic and consid- ers environmental effects like weather changes as well as the dynamic behavior of the pond caused by the coupling of Modelling of open algae ponds physical and biological processes.

Plant and Process Technology 165 Equipment Design Methods

implemented in MATLAB. The experi- mental results of the two columns with different diameters are used to modify and validate the model. After including relevant effects like backing up of the liquid by the countercurrent gas stream, the model is now able to predict the liquid distribution for different packing types after 3 meters of packing height for point source and equal distribution at the top. The model ECPDGWUGFHQTCOQTGGHƄEKGPVFGUKIPQH Unstructured packings in the APT column test rig distillation and absorption columns. First results were generated by CFD Together with partners from industry, a simulations of condensation of pure model for dimensioning mass transfer substances on the outside of plain and columns, based on CAD data of packing NQYƄPPGFVWDGU'URGEKCNN[HQTVWDGU elements, is developed and tested at the with a structure on the outer surface, Institute of Plant and Process Technology. condensation depends on a combination In addition to tests at the institute with QHJGCVVTCPUHGTCPFƅWKFF[PCOKEGHHGEVU the 1.2 m diameter column, experiments The CFD simulation can be used to were also carried out with a column with KFGPVKH[PGYFGUKIPUYKVJJKIJGTGHƄEKGPE[ a 2.0 m diameter at an industrial partner’s Promising design prototypes could then facility. The model for the prediction of be tested experimentally in the test rigs at the liquid distribution in the packing was the institute.

Process Design

Increased usage of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power YKNNNGCFKPVJGNQPIVGTOVQƅWEVWCVKPI energy supply and demand scenarios TGUWNVKPIKPƅGZKDNGGPGTI[RTKEGU+P order to deal with this challenge indus- trial chemical production processes will have to be operated in the near future as ƅGZKDN[CURQUUKDNG6JGTGD[KPRCTVKEWNCT energy intensive chemical production processes, like alumina production and air separation, can contribute to stabilize ƅWEVWCVKPIGNGEVTKEGPGTI[ITKFUCPF markets. However, chemical production processes are presently not designed for dynamic operation modes with rapid load and process changes. 5KORNKƄGFRTQEGUUƅQYFKCITCO 2(& QHCPCKTUGRCTCVKQPWPKV #57 Within the SynErgie consortium of the long-term BMBF project Kopernikus, the energy intensive process for air separation units (ASU) was selected as a fast track example to demonstrate which

166 Plant and Process Technology RTQEGUUCPFGSWKROGPVOQFKƄECVKQPUCTG Finally, improved and more robust required in order to operate the process designs will be available along with under severe dynamic conditions (Flex better models. These models will also be ASU). The Institute of Plant and Process the basis for an improved model-based Technology will conduct working pack- EQORNGZCPFJKIJN[GHƄEKGPVEQPVTQN ages with the target of improving the strategy for the overall ASU process. dynamic models for the heat exchangers and separation columns of an ASU.

Research Focus Courses ■ Process design ■ Introduction to Process and Plant ■ Equipment design methods Engineering ■ Modeling and thermodynamic property ■ Thermal Separation Principles I & II data ■ Heat and Mass Transfer ■ Process and Plant Engineering Competence ■ Equipment Design ■ Process modeling and simulation ■ Process Design (MATLAB, Unisim Design, Aspen Plus) ■ Modeling of Chemical Engineering ■ Experimental measurement of thermo- Processes dynamic property data ■ Similarity and Dimensionless Numbers ■ Predictive computation of thermodyna- ■ Lab Course in Process Engineering mic property data ■ Practical Course in Process Simulation ■ Experimental measurement of heat ■ Principles of Refrigeration and Indus- VTCPUHGTEQGHƄEKGPVU trial Low Temperature Systems ■ Experimental measurement of maldis- ■ Paper Technology tribution ■ CFD-modeling and simulation of heat and mass transfer processes ■ Pilot-scale investigations of apparatus design methods

Infrastructure ■ High pressure phase equilibrium laboratory ■ Analytical laboratory ■ Distillation columns (pilot scale) ■ Condensers & evaporators (pilot scale) ■ Workshop ■ Computer room

Plant and Process Technology 167 Management Florian Hanuš, M.Sc. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harald Klein, Director Simon Hill, M.Sc. Dr.-Ing. Sebastian Rehfeldt Fabian Höhler, M.Sc. Robert Kender, M.Sc. Emeritus Professors Dipl.-Ing. Isabel Kiendl Prof. em. Dr.-Ing. Eckhart Blaß, Emeritus Thomas Kleiner, M.Sc. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Johann Stichlmair, Emeritus Mohamed Ouda, M.Sc. Andreas Rarrek, M.Sc. Adjunct Professors Dipl.-Ing. Anna Reif Dr.-Ing. Alexander Alekseev Simon Schäfer, M.Sc. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harald Großmann Florian Wolfenstetter, M.Sc.

Research Scientists Administrative Staff Dipl.-Ing. Alexander Büchner Melanie Laubenbacher Tomas Cahalan, M.Eng. Dipl.-Ing. Umberto Cardella Technical Staff Anna Ecker, M.Sc. Marian Böswald Johannes Fendt, M.Sc. Danuta Styrnik Patrick Haider, M.Sc. Lukas Hack

Publications 2016

■ Cahalan, T.; Rehfeldt, S.; Bauer, M.; Becker, M.; ■ Hanus, F.; Solá, J.; Hoffmann, K.; Rehfeldt, S.; Klein, H.: Experimental set-up for analysis of mem- Klein, H.: Experimentelle Untersuchung der DTCPGUWUGFKPGZVGTPCNOGODTCPGJWOKFKƄECVKQP Flüssigkeitsverteilung in Füllkörperpackungen mit of PEM fuel cells. International Journal of Hydrogen verschiedenen Nenngrößen und Kolonnendurch- Energy 41 (31), 2016, 13666-13677 messern; Jahrestreffen der ProcessNet Fachgruppe ■ Rarrek, A.; Mostertz, M.; Kistenmacher, H.; Fluidverfahrenstechnik, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Rehfeldt, S.; Klein, H.: Simulation and optimization Germany, 16-17.03.2016 of large open algae ponds. Chemical Engineering ■ Cardella, U.; Decker, L.; Klein, H; Fendt, J.: Process Research and Design (114), 2016, 220-235 optimization for large-scale hydrogen liquefaction, ■ Deschermeier, R.; Rehfeldt, S.; Klein, H.: Method for World Hydrogen Energy Conference, Zaragoza, Characterization of Solvents for Physical Absorption Spain, 13-16.06.2016 Processes. Chemical Engineering & Technology, ■ Decker, L.; Cardella, U.; Klein, H.: Roadmap

2016 doi:10.1002/ceat.201500745 to economically viable H2 liquefaction, World ■ Ouda, M.; Yarce, G.; White, R.J.; Hadrich, M.; Hydrogen Energy Conference, Zaragoza, Spain, Himmel, D.; Schaadt, A.; Klein, H.; Jacob, E.; Kross- 13-16.06.2016 ing, I.: Poly(oxymethylene) dimethyl ether synthesis ■ Ouda, M.; Yarce, G.; Hadrich, M.; White, R.J.; – a combined chemical equilibrium investigation Schaadt, A.; Klein, H.: The Power to Liquid

VQYCTFUCPKPETGCUKPIN[GHƄEKGPVCPFRQVGPVKCNN[ Concept: Hydrogenation of CO2 to Methanol and sustainable synthetic route. Reaction Chemistry & the Production of Oxymethylene Ethers, Catalysis Engineering, 2016, doi:10.1039/C6RE00145A s0QXGN#URGEVUKP2GVTQEJGOKUVT[CPF4GƄPKPI ■ Reif, A.; Büchner, A.; Rehfeldt, S.; Klein, H.: Zur DGMK Conference, Berlin, Germany, 26-28.09.2016 Kondensation von Reinstoffen und binären Gemi- ■ Fendt, J.; Yang, B.; Rehfeldt, S.; Klein, H.; Peschel, schen an horizontalen Rohren; Jahrestreffen der A.: Hybrider Ansatz zur Prozessoptimierung am Fachgruppe Wärme- und Stoffübertragung, Kassel, Beispiel der großtechnischen Methanolsynthese; Germany, 01-02.03.16 Jahrestreffen der Fachgemeinschaft Prozess-, ■ Kleiner, T.; Rehfeldt, S.; Klein, H.: CFD-Simulation Apparate- und Anlagentechnik, Karlsruhe, Germany, der Kondensation von Reinstoffen am horizon- 14-15.11.2016 talen Einzelrohr; Jahrestreffen der Fachgruppe ■ Ecker, A.; Thomas, I.; Ferstl, J.;Klein, H.; Peschel, Wärme- und Stoffübertragung, Kassel, Germany, A.: Evaluierung eines neuen Kolonnen-Short- 01-02.03.16 cut-Modells zur Anwendung in der optimierungs- ■ Cardella, U.; Decker, L.; Klein, H.: Economically basierten Prozesssynthese; Jahrestreffen der viable large-scale hydrogen liquefaction, Inter- Fachgemeinschaft Prozess-, Apparate- und national Cryogenic Engineering Conference and Anlagentechnik, Karlsruhe, Germany, 14-15.11.2016 Cryogenics Materials Conference, New Delhi, India, 07-11.03.2016 ■ Fendt, J.; Rehfeldt, S.; Klein, H.: Hybrider Ansatz zur Prozessoptimierung am Beispiel des Trennteils der großtechnischen Methanolsynthese; Jahres- treffen der ProcessNet Fachgruppe Fluidverfahrens- technik, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, 16-17.03.2016

168 Plant and Process Technology Continuum Mechanics

Predictive computational modeling

■ The focus of the Continuum Mechanics Group in 2016 was the devel- QROGPVQHPQXGNOQFGNUOGVJQFQNQIKGUCPFEQORWVCVKQPCNVQQNUHQT quantifying uncertainties and their effect in the simulation of engineering and physical systems. Our work has been directed towards three fronts: C VJGECNKDTCVKQPCPFXCNKFCVKQPQHEQORWVCVKQPCNOQFGNUWUKPIGZRGTK OGPVCNFCVCD WPEGTVCKPV[RTQRCICVKQPKPOWNVKUECNGU[UVGOUE &GUKIP EQPVTQNQRVKOK\CVKQPQHEQORNGZU[UVGOUWPFGTWPEGTVCKPV[

A highlight was the initiation of the ‘Focal of the international Symposium on Area’ project on ‘Predicting Macroscopic ‘Machine Learning Challenges in Complex Behavior from MIcroscopic Simulators’ Multiscale Physical Systems’ which is to (PROMISe) which is funded by the Insti- take place at TUM-IAS from January 9-12 Prof. Dr. Phaedon-Stelios tute for Advanced Study. This is a collab- 2017. Koutsourelakis, Ph.D. orative project which brings together three Another highlight was the fellowship focus groups (Complex Systems Modeling awarded to Prof. Koutsourelakis by the Contact and Computation, Physics with Effective Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Uni- www.contmech.mw.tum.de Field Theories and Uncertainty Quanti- versity of Bielefeld (ZiF) and the Coopera- [email protected] ƄECVKQPCPF2TGFKEVKXG/QFGNKPI CPFKU tion Group, ‘Multiscale modeling of tumor Phone +49.89.289.16690 coordinated by Prof. Koutsourelakis. The initiation, growth and progression: From project will culminate in the organization gene regulation to evolutionary dynamics’.

Nonlinear Inverse Problems with Applications in Medical Diagnostics

(b) Proposed framework of WPHQNFKPIVJGDNCEMDQZCPF C $NCEMDQZUGVVKPIHQT$C[GUKCP revealing all model equations model calibration.

This project is concerned with the when multiple hypotheses are consistent 6TCFKVKQPCNn$NCEM$QZoXURTQ numerical solution of high-dimensional, YKVJVJGFCVCQTVJGNGXGNQHEQPƄFGPEG posed formulation (for nonlinear elasticity) model-based, Bayesian inverse problems. in the estimates produced needs to be Our motivating application stems from SWCPVKƄGF#PQVJGTUQWTEGQHWPEGTVCKPV[ biomechanics where several studies which is largely unaccounted for, is model JCXGUJQYPVJCVVJGKFGPVKƄECVKQPQH uncertainty. Namely, the parameters material parameters from deformation which are calibrated, are associated data can lead to earlier and more accu- with a particular forward model but one rate diagnosis of various pathologies. cannot be certain about the validity of the Such a process is naturally fraught with model employed. In general, there will be UKIPKƄECPVWPEGTVCKPVKGU1PGUWEJUQWTEG deviations between the physical reality is obviously the noise in the data which where measurements are made, and the constitutes probabilistic estimates more idealized mathematical/computational rational. This is particularly important description.

Continuum Mechanics 169 Coarse-Graining in Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics

(a) Proposed coarse-graining scheme. (b) Radial distribution function of coarse-grained water with posterior mean and credible intervals compared to all-altom simulations.

Predictive coarse-graining Coarse-grained (CG) models provide a tion and development of an enhanced, EQORWVCVKQPCNN[GHƄEKGPVOGCPUVQUVWF[ predictive multiscale framework. Our large numbers of atoms over extended reformulation of coarse-graining follows a spatio-temporal scales. Existing strategies data-driven, Bayesian paradigm based on rely on mapping degrees of freedom from generative probabilistic models. It builds micro- to macro-scale, whereas properties upon: a) a coarse macroscopic descrip- are commonly determined as point-es- tion, and b) a probabilistic lifting operator, timates in the macro-scale. Various TGEQPUVTWEVKPIOKETQEQPƄIWTCVKQPUHTQO methodologies that have been proposed EQCTUGUVCVGU6JKUGPCDNGUCOQTGƅGZKDNG do not account for the information loss FGƄPKVKQPQH%)XCTKCDNGUVJGTKIQTQWU which unavoidably takes place during SWCPVKƄECVKQPQHWPEGTVCKPV[CTKUKPIHTQO coarse-graining. The joint project ‘Pre- the use of limited data as well as infor- dictive Materials Modeling’ with the Hans mation loss. Furthermore, it is capable Fischer Senior Fellow, Prof. N. Zabaras of identifying sparse representations for (Viola D. Hank Professor of Aerospace the CG potential which reveal qualita- and Mechanical Engineering, University tive, physical features of the CG model of Notre Dame) addresses the formula- (KIWTG|D 

170 Continuum Mechanics Probabilistic Reduced-order Modeling of Stochastic PDEs

The physical response of materials is determined by microstructural features YJKEJIGPGTCNN[GZJKDKVUKIPKƄECPVTCP domness. The direct, numerical solution to UWEJRTQDNGOUTGSWKTGUITKFUVJCVCTGƄPG enough to resolve this variability which unavoidably leads to very large systems of algebraic equations. In this project, we develop physically-motivated, data-driven, advanced machine learning tools which Proposed framework reduced-order models (ROM) based on ultimately result in a probabilistic ROM much coarser grids which are capable of that produces not only point-estimates but capturing the microscopic features that can also quantify the associated uncer- are most important to predict the full-order tainty arising due to the information loss model’s (FOM) response. We employ that occurs by replacing the FOM.

/WNVKƄFGNKV[1RVKOK\CVKQPWPFGT7PEGTVCKPV[

C %QPVTQNƅWZQHTCPFQOJGVGTIGPGQWUOGFKWOVQCEJKGXGFGUKTGFTGURQPUG D .QY*KIJƄFGNKV[OQFGNU

This project is concerned with the RTQDNGOCUUQEKCVGFYKVJVJGUKIPKƄECPV /WNVKƄFGNKV[QRVKOK\CVKQPWPFGT optimization of high-dimensional, complex cost of the forward solver and the high- uncertainty models in the presence of uncertainty. We dimensional probability space, we pursue reformulate the problem as one of prob- C$C[GUKCPOWNVKƄFGNKV[CRRTQCEJCPF abilistic inference and employ variational demonstrate how the epistemic uncer- inference tools in conjunction with sto- tainty introduced by the surrogate, can be chastic backpropagation learning to infer incorporated in a consistent manner. the intractable posterior. To address the

Continuum Mechanics 171 Research Focus MSE ■ 7PEGTVCKPV[SWCPVKƄECVKQP ■ Continuum Mechanics (WS) ■ Random media ■ Uncertainty Modeling in Engineering ■ Coarse-graining in molecular dynamics (SS) (Top Teaching Trophy 2014, 2015, ■ Bayesian inverse problems 2016) ■ Design/optimization under uncertainty Management Competence Prof. Phaedon-Stelios Koutsourelakis, ■ Computer simulation Ph.D., Director ■ Mathematical modeling of stochastic systems Administrative Staff Sigrid Harnauer Infrastructure ■ 256core HPC Research Scientists Dipl.-Ing. Isabell Franck Courses Markus Schöberl, M. Sc. B.Sc. Constantin Grigo, M.Sc. (Physics) ■ 7PEGTVCKPV[3WCPVKƄECVKQPKP/GEJCPK- Maximilian Koschade, B.Sc. cal Engineering (SS) Lukas Bruder, B.Sc. ■ Modeling in Structural Mechanics (WS) Lukas Felsberger, B.Sc. Mariella Kast, B.Sc. M.Sc. and Ph.D. Lukas Köstler, B.Sc. ■ Atomistic Modeling of Materials (WS) Henrik von Kleist, B.Sc. ■ Bayesian Strategies for Inverse Prob- lems (SS) ■ ,QWTPCN%NWD7PEGTVCKPV[3WCPVKƄECVKQP (WS-SS)

Publications 2016

Archival Journal Publications ■ )TKIQ%-QWVUQWTGNCMKU25/WNVKƄFGNKV[ ■ Franck, I., Koutsourelakis, P.S., Multimodal, model-based stochastic optimization: applications high-dimensional, model-based, Bayesian inverse in random media. ECCOMAS Congress 2016, 5-10 problems with applications in biomechanics, June 2016, Greece. Journal of Computational Physics DOI: 10.1016/j. ■ Koutsourelakis, P.S., Predictive Coarse-Graining. jcp.2016.10.039, 2016. Symposium on Effctive Field Theories and Lattice ■ Koutsourelakis, P.S., Zabaras, N., Girolami, M., Gauge Theory, TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Big data and predictive computational modeling, May 18-21, 2016 (invited talk). special issue of the Journal of Computational ■ Koutsourelakis, P.S., Optimization Under Uncer- Physics, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcp.2016.03.028, 2016. tainty of High-Dimensional, Sloppy Models. SIAM ■ Schöberl, M., Zabaras, N., Koutsourelakis, P.S., Pre- %QPHGTGPEGQP7PEGTVCKPV[3WCPVKƄECVKQP#RTKN dictive Coarse-Graining, accepted for publication, 2016. Lausanne, Switzerland. Journal of Computational Physics. 2016. ■ Schöberl, M., Zabaras, N., Koutsourelakis, P.S., Predictive Coarse-Graining. SIAM Conference on %QPVTKDWVKQPUVQ5EKGPVKƄE%QPHGTGPEGUs 7PEGTVCKPV[3WCPVKƄECVKQP#RTKN.CWUCPPG Switzerland. Symposia ■ Franck, I., Koutsourelakis, P.S., Model Error ■  9KPVGT5EJQQNQP7PEGTVCKPV[3WCPVKƄECVKQP7PK- 3WCPVKƄECVKQPHQT*KIJ&KOGPUKQPCN$C[GUKCP versity of Lugano, December 2016 (invited lecturer). Inverse Problems. SIAM Conference on Uncertainty ■ Koutsourelakis, P.S., Bayesian model calibration 3WCPVKƄECVKQP#RTKN.CWUCPPG5YKV\GTNCPF and validation with applications to biomechanics. ■ Koutsourelakis, P.S., Machine Learning meets Computational Sciences for Medicine: Modelling Physics-based Modeling Exposome and Big Data and Simulation for Surgery, University of Luxem- on Geospatial Exposure and Health, Zeist, The burg, December 2016 (invited talk). Netherlands, January 2016 (invited talk). ■ Koutsourelakis, P.S., Bayesian model calibration and validation in high-dimensions: applications in tumor elastography. Modeling Tumor Evolution: Initiation, Growth and Progression, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Bielefeld, September 2016 (invited talk).

172 Continuum Mechanics Systems Biotechnology

Model-based metabolic engineering for bacterial systems

■ Systems Biotechnology Group combines methods from engineering UEKGPEGUOKETQDKQNQI[CPFEQORWVCVKQPCNUEKGPEGUVQKORTQXGDKQ technological processes.

The application of deterministic models member of the group visited Dr. Tom Ellis is still dominant in systems biology. It from Imperial College in London to get is assumed that taking averages from a a deeper understanding of advanced stochastic single cell description will result methods for synthetic biology. Applying in comparable results. We could show that these new techniques will allow us to this is not true for special cases, particu- improve our production strains in projects larly when gene expression is considered related to Escherichia coli. A further colla- in which the number of proteins depends boration with one of the leading groups in Prof. Dr.-Ing. on bursts in mRNA synthesis. These Metabolic Engineering has been esta- Andreas Kremling ƄPFKPIUPQYCNNQYDTQCFGTRQUUKDKNKVKGUKP blished with James Liaos’ group in Los designing strains for heterologous protein Angeles, California. J. Liao is a pioneer in Contact production. the development of theoretical concepts www.biovt.mw.tum.de/ The year was further characterized by in biotechnology and we will apply and fg-systembiotechnologie activities with partners from abroad. One extend his methods in our projects. [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.15761

Fundamentals for Experimental Analysis and Mathematical Modeling of Cellular Networks

transferase system in Pseudomonas putida or the ComRS two-component system in Streptococcus mutans. The experimental information derived either in the group’s own laboratory or by collabo- ration partners gives rise to mathematic models that contribute to a better under- standing of cellular processes. Another research focus is on the establish ment of a co-culture between a photosynthetically active organism extruding sugar molecules together with heterotrophic organisms capable of pro- ducing industrially interesting compounds. To this end a photobioreactor is employed which allows cultivation and collection of a vast amount of data used to describe the Regulation of transcriptional and bio- population-based variations in the overall chemical processes in a bacterial cell is process. essential for survival in changing environ- mental conditions and understanding Projects the events taking place is pivotal when ■ GDKQƄNO$/$(G$KQKPKVKCVKXGTGIWNC using bacteria in industrially interesting VQT[KPƅWGPEGQHVJG265QPRJ[UKQNQI[ applications. Research of the Systems and biotechnological production with Biotechnology Group targets different key P. putida, DFG regulatory devices, such as the phospho-

Systems Biotechnology 173 Metabolic Engineering of Halophiles: Towards Halomonas elongata as Industrial Producer

applications. Ectoine is a highly soluble organic molecule that belongs to the group of compatible solutes and is found as an osmotic agent in a wide range of cell types and has also been shown to stabilize and protect macro- molecules in adverse conditions. The current applications of ectoine cover a YKFGTCPIGQHFKHHGTGPVƄGNFUUWEJCU biomedicine, cosmetics, support roles The project focuses on ectoine production in analytic and industrial processes, and by the halophilic bacterium Halomonas bioremediation. elongata. The reasons for that choice are not only the interesting nature of Projects ectoine as a novel product for medicine ■ OPHELIA – optimization of Halomonas and cosmetics but also the potential of elongate for industrial applications, H. elongata for further biotechnological BMBF e:Bio initiative

Metabolic Engineering of Escherichia coli: Combing Synthetic and Systems Biology

Escherichia coli is the organism of choice butions and optimal intervention strategies for basic research in biotechnology due are determined that makes the processes to the possibility of genetic alterations as OQTGGHƄEKGPV well as its simple culture conditions. In two projects together with experimental Projects partners from different places in Munich ■ DynOpt – dynamic process optimiza- and Germany, E. coli is used for the tion in biotechnology, BMBF, biotech- production of chemical bulk components nology 2020+ initiative; SysBioTerp or interesting precursors for medical – innovative strategies for a sustainable applications. Based on genome scale production of bioactive molecules, OCVJGOCVKECNOQFGNUQRVKOCNƅWZFKUVTK- BMBF, e:Bio initiative

174 Systems Biotechnology Research Focus Management ■ Mathematical modeling of cellular Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Kremling, Director systems ■ Model analysis Administrative Staff ■ Model-based metabolic engineering Susanne Kuchenbaur ■ Experimental design Research Scientists Competence Dr. Alberto Marin Sanguino ■ Model library for different model &T-CVJCTKPC2ƅØIGT)TCW systems (metabolic modules, gene Dr. Dagmar Rother expression modules, signaling Christiana Sehr, M.Sc. modules) Viktoria Kindzierski, M.Sc. ■ Design space analysis Sabine Wagner, M.Sc. ■ Time hierarchy analysis Hannes Löwe, M.Sc. ■ Process design Miguel Valderrama, M.Sc. Sayuri Hahl, M.Sc. Infrastructure ■ S1 laboratory (allows work with geneti- Technical Staff ECNN[OQFKƄGFUVTCKPU Stefan Darchinger ■ Photo-bio-reactor system ■ Standard bio-reactor system ■ Tecan reader

Courses (for Master ‘Industrial Biotechnology’, MSE) ■ Applied Mathematics ■ Modeling of Cellular Systems ■ Analysis and Design of Cellular Systems ■ Optimization in Biotechnology ■ Data Analysis and Statistical Models ■ Exercises in Simulation Studies in Biotechnology

Publications 2015-16

■ 9QNH52ƅØIGT)TCW--TGONKPI#/QFGNKPI ■ Valderrama Gomez, M.A., Wagner, S.G. & Kremling, the Interplay of Pseudomonas putida EIIANtr with A.: Computer guided Metabolic Engineering. In the Potassium Transporter KdpFABC. Journal of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology Protocols Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology 25, – Synthetic and Systems Biology Tools, 153 ff, 178-194 (2015) Springer Protocols (2015) ■ Sehr, C., Kremling, A. & Marin-Sanguino, A.: ■ Hahl, S. and Kremling, A.: A comparison of Design Principles as a Guide for Constraint Based deterministic and stochastic modelling approaches and Dynamic Modeling: Towards an Integrative HQTDKQEJGOKECNTGCEVKQPU[UVGOUQPƄZGFRQKPVU 9QTMƅQY/GVCDQNKVGU    means, and modes. Frontiers in Genetics (7), 157 ff ■ Deuschle, M., Limbrunner, S., Rother, D., Wahler, (2016) S., Chavarría, M., de Lorenzo, V., Kremling, A. & ■ Löwe, H, Kremling, A., and Marin-Sanguino, A.: 2ƅØIGT)TCW-+PVGTRNC[QHVJG2VU0 '++#0VT  Time hierarchies and model reduction in canonical protein of Pseudomonas putida with its target non-linear models. Frontiers in Genetics (7), 166 ff sensor kinase KdpD. Environmental Microbiology (2016) Reports 7(6), 899-907(2015)

Systems Biotechnology 175 Biomechanics

Biological (hybrid-)materials and bio-interfaces

■ The mission of the Biomechanics Group is to: FKUEQXGTPGYVQFCVGWPMPQYPOCVGTKCNRTQRGTVKGUQHDKQRQN[OGT materials and biological interfaces; 2. identify the microscopic principles that govern those material properties OGEJCPKEURGTOGCDKNKV[  3. apply those principles to create biomimetic materials for biomedical or technical applications.

The studied biomaterials range from very physicists and medical researchers to UQHVIGNUUWEJCUOWEWUCPFDKQƄNOUVQ generate, characterize and optimize exis- stiff tissues such as cartilage. Accordingly, ting and novel biopolymer-based materials Prof. Dr. Oliver Lieleg a broad variety of characterization meth- and to test their applicability for biomed- ods is used in the Biomechanics Group. ical or industrial purposes. Highlights in Contact Biomedical questions addressed include the year 2016 were the development of understanding the wetting resistance of water-resistant hybrid mortar for sustain- www.imetum.tum.de/ arbeitsgruppen/ DCEVGTKCNDKQƄNOUCPFFGXGNQRKPIUWTHCEG able construction applications and the biologische-hydrogele OQFKƄECVKQPUD[DKQRQN[OGTUVQTGFWEG development of an anti-bacterial wound- [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.10952 friction and wear on biological tissues. IGNYJKEJCWVQPQOQWUN[UQNKFKƄGUWRQP In our highly interdisciplinary projects, we contact with the warm body surface. work together with chemists, pharmacists,

Biotribology and lubrication

We are studying the mechanical and tribological properties of cartilage. By exploiting loss and gain of function experiments, we aim to understand what molecular components are responsible for the outstanding mechanical properties of cartilage and which lubricants minimize friction and wear. Moreover, we examine the effectiveness of different biopoly- mers as a lubricant on cartilage or other surfaces.

Project ■ LURACS within the framework of the Custom-made sample holders for cartilage rheology and tribology IGSSE focus area ‘BIOMATERIALS’

(Bio-)Hybrid-Materials

Many biomolecules offer outstanding Two examples for such hybrid-materials properties but cannot be used in medical/ are a mucin/methylcellulose gel for technical applications on their own. Thus, applications in wound treatment and a we develop hybrid materials where we bio-hybrid mortar that obtained water-re- either mix biological molecules in new pellent properties by the addition of a combinations or add biological compo- biological substance. nents to inorganic/synthetic materials. Cover of publication ‘Advanced Materials’

176 Biomechanics /KETQƅWKFKE%JKRUHQT&KHHWUKQP5VWFKGU

PDMS microchips are a versatile plat- HQTOVQUVWF[VJGDGJCXKQTQHƅWKFUKP small dimensions. We aim at generating microchip solutions to quantify diffusive processes at the liquid/gel interface. We also try to mimic complex biological interfaces such as the bloodstream/ connective tissue. In collaboration with medical researchers, we then compare the results obtained from our tissue-on-chip assays to in vivo data.

Project ■ SFB 1032: Nanoagents in 3-dimen- sional biopolymer hydrogels

/KETQƅWKFKEEJKR

/CVGTKCN2TQRGTVKGUQH$CEVGTKCN$KQƄNOU

Bacteria secrete a broad range of bio- polymers which form a protective matrix around the prokaryotes. This community of biopolymers and bacteria is referred VQCUCDKQƄNOCPFEQPUVKVWVGUCUGXGTG issue in industry and medicine. We aim at quantifying the material properties of DCEVGTKCNDKQƄNOUYJKEJKPENWFGUVJGKT mechanics, self-mending abilities and water-repellent surface properties to develop new strategies for the removal of DKQƄNOUHTQOUWTHCEGU

Projects ■ SFB 863 mechanics of bacterial DKQƄNOU ■ %G05OGEJCPKUOUQHDKQƄNOHQTOCVKQP /QTRJQNQI[QHCDCEVGTKCNDKQƄNO

Biomechanics 177 Research Focus Courses ■ Biological (hybrid-)materials ■ Microscopic Biomechanics ■ Cartilage and cartilage surrogate ■ Experimental Techniques for the materials Characterization of Biomaterials ■ Biological hydrogels as selective ■ Design Principles in Biomaterials diffusion barriers ■ Biomedical Materials and Technologies ■ /CVGTKCNRTQRGTVKGUQHDCEVGTKCNDKQƄNOU ■ Lab Course in Cell Cultivation Methods ■ Medical applications of nanoparticles ■ Biophysics Lab Course for Biochemis- try Students Competence ■ Rheology, tribology Management ■ /KETQƅWKFKEUFKHHWUKQPOGCUWTGOGPVU Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Oliver Lieleg, ■ Surface characterization Group Leader ■ 2WTKƄECVKQPQHCPVKDCEVGTKCNCPVKXKTCN glycoproteins Administrative Staff ■ Cell culture, microbiology Iris König-Decker, Secretary

Infrastructure Technical Staff ■ Rheometer, tribometer Christine Braig, Med.-Tech. Assistant ■ Optical microscopes ■ 2TQƄNQOGVGT Research Scientists ■ Scanning electron microscope Dr. rer. nat Fabienna Arends ■ S1 laboratory (working permission for Dr.-Ing. Kathrin Both IGPGVKECNN[OQFKƄGFOKETQQTICPKUOUQH Anna Blöchinger, M.Sc biosafety level 1) Carolina Falcon Garcia, M.Sc ■ Laboratory for cell culture Dr.-Ing. Stefan Grumbein ■ 'SWKROGPVHQTRTQVGKPRWTKƄECVKQP Benjamin Käsdorf, M.Sc. Constantin Nowald, M.Sc Dr.-Ing. Marwa Tallawi

Publications 2016

■ C. Nowald, A. Penk, H-Y Chiu, T. Bein, D. Huster ■ S. Grumbein, D. Minev, M. Tallawi, K. Boettcher, and O. Lieleg, A selective mucin/methylcellulose F. Prade, F. Pfeiffer, C.U. Große and O. Lieleg, hybrid gel with tailored properties, Macromol. *[FTQRJQDKE2TQRGTVKGUQH$KQƄNO'PTKEJGF Bioscience, DOI:10.1002/mabi.201500353 (2016) Hybrid Mortar, Advanced Materials, DOI: 10.1002/ ■ K. Boettcher; S. Kienle; J. Nachtsheim; R. Burgkart; adma.201602123 (2016) Th. Hugel and O. Lieleg, The structure and ■ F. Arends and O. Lieleg, Biophysical Properties of mechanical properties of articular cartilage are the Basal Lamina: A Highly Selective Extracellular highly resilient towards transient dehydration, Acta Matrix, book chapter in Extracellular Matrix in the Biomaterialia, 29, 180-187 (2016) Human Body, ISBN 978-953-51-2416-0, edited by ■ S. Kesel, S.Grumbein, I. Gümperlein, M. Tallawi, Francesco Travascio (2016) A-K. Marel, O. Lieleg, and M. Opitz, Direct compar- ■ S. Grumbein, M. Werb, M. Opitz, and O. Lieleg, ison of material properties of Bacillus subtilis NCIB 'NQPICVKQPCN4JGQNQI[QH$CEVGTKCN$KQƄNOUKPUKVW CPF$DKQƄNOU#RRNKGFCPF'PXKTQPOGPVCN Journal of Rheology, DOI: 10.1122/1.4958667 Microbiology, 82, 2424-2432 (2016) (2016) ■ M. Biegler, J. Delius, B. Käsdorf, T. Hofmann, and ■ F. Arends, H. Chaudhary, P. Janmey, M.M.A.E. O. Lieleg, Cationic astringents alter the tribological Claessens, and O. Lieleg, Lipid Head Group Charge and rheological properties of human saliva and CPF(CVV[#EKF%QPƄIWTCVKQP&KEVCVG.KRQUQOG salivary mucin solutions, Biotribology, publ.online /QDKNKV[KP0GWTQƄNCOGPV0GVYQTMU/CETQOQ- doi:10.1016/j.biotri.2016.03.002 (2016) lecular Bioscience, DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600229 ■ V.J. Schöming, B.T. Käsdorf, Ch. Scholz, K. Bid- (2016) mon, O. Lieleg and S. Berensmeier, An optimized RWTKƄECVKQPRTQEGUUHQTRQTEKPGICUVTKEOWEKPYKVJ preservation of its native functional properties, RSC Advances, 6, 44932-44943 (2016)

178 Biomechanics Automotive Technology

Vehicle concepts – smart mobility – vehicle dynamics and control systems – driver assistance and safety – electric vehicle components

■ The research focus of the Institute of Automotive Technology is the GOGTIKPIƄGNFQHOQDKNKV[YKVJCRCTVKEWNCTGORJCUKUQPGNGEVTKEOQDKNKV[ 6JGTGHQTGVJGHQEWUKUPQVQPN[QPXGJKENGEQPEGRVUDWVCNUQQPKPHTC- structure and market conditions as well as on powertrain technologies and driver assistance systems.

The Institute of Automotive Technology Furthermore, the institute had the possibi- collaborates closely with universities from lity to arrange a joint research workshop all over the world. Every year students in cooperation with the University of are offered possibilities to work in col- Sao Paulo to bring together Postdocs laboration with these universities on the from different universities in Bavaria and globalDrive international projects. In 2016 Brazil. New options for researchers from Prof. Dr.-Ing. there are three teams of students from both countries have been elaborated Markus Lienkamp TUM working together with teams from VQUVTGPIVJGPVJGUEKGPVKƄEGZEJCPIG India, Mexico and Singapur. The topics between universities on an international Contact cover a wide range starting with whole level. www.ftm.mw.tum.de vehicle concepts through to new chal- [email protected] lenges in collecting data. Phone +49.89.289.15345

Vehicle Components

The focus of the institute on e-mobility creates a lot of chances and challenges in VJGƄGNFQHXGJKENGEQPEGRVU$WVPQVQPN[ the European market has potential for new concepts, also the sub-Saharan region of Africa needs special concepts. Therefore, the ‘aCar’ was developed with an eye to the mobility problems of rural populations in remote regions with weak infrastruc- VWTGU6JGFGƄPGFIQCNQHVJGKPVGTFKUEKRNK- nary team is to provide a mobility concept VJCVJGNRUUVGOVJGƅQQFQHOKITCVKQPHTQO the countryside to cities and to strengthen the autonomy of rural areas. The researchers emphasized adapt- ability to possible uses, while designing production processes to accommodate Projects 6JGƄTUVRTQVQV[RGQHVJGC%CT local circumstances. The ‘aCar’ is to be ■ Fast development of carbon composite project manufactured on location and will thus vehicle structures (BIWCFRP) support local and independent value ■ 4GIKQPURGEKƄECUUGUUOGPVCPFUGNGE- creation processes. An initial prototype tion of vehicle powertrain concepts of the vehicle was presented in spring; ■ aCar – vehicle concept for sub-Saharan various components are currently under- Africa going testing. The interdisciplinary team ■ Truck 2030 – TCO and emission intends to build a second prototype in the optimized concept for high-cube spring of 2017 based on the results. The transportation innovative concept was even honored with ■ QuadRad (e-GAP) the Bavarian State Prize for Electromobil- ity in the Sustainable Product & Mobility Concepts category in 2016.

Automotive Technology 179 Batteries and Storage

produced electricity, better integration of electricity from renewable energy sources and relief of the grid. This way, a contri- bution to a sustainable and decentralized energy system is provided. The main role of the institute within this project was the development of the battery management system. The modular construction with its multistage security system is in charge of monitoring relevant parameters, such as temperature, voltage, current and system state of charge. Furthermore, the BMS communicates with other components, such as the energy management system and the rack safety system.

Battery storage at Moosham The research group of electric vehicle Projects components works among others on a ■ Developments in the risk analysis of multidisciplinary project called EEBatt, electric vehicles ‘Distributed stationary battery storage ■ EEBatt U[UVGOUHQTVJGGHƄEKGPVWUGQHTGPGYCDNG ■ Second life of lithium-ion vehicle batter- energy and support of grid stability’. ies Combining the strength of different ■ Prediction of vehicle speed in combina- institutes and departments of the Tech- tion with driver turns nical University of Munich, as well as ■ VEM – Virtual electric mobility focused industry partners, a multidisciplinary team QPVCZKCPFEQOOGTEKCNVTCHƄEKP of researchers works together on a wide Munich range of issues concerning stationary ■ NEMO – user-oriented electric mobility storage of renewable energy. One result of the EEBatt Research Project is the Energy Neighbor stationary energy storage system, which is tested in Moos- ham in Upper Bavaria. The community energy storage system with a capacity of 200 kWh, allows storage of locally

Driving and Drivers

The research in the team of driving great perspective to reduce accidents assistance at the institute focuses on the caused by humans’ lack of attention. But many ways of making the driving task the human driver still has a lot of abilities easier and safer for the driver. To avoid that cannot be substituted by a machine. or prevent accidents is one of the main These abilities should be encouraged in goals in this area. When being driven the recently started joint research project autonomously, the vehicle is able to con- IMAGinE by the interaction of systems trol the driving task in special scenarios and humans. The institute works together completely on its own. Technical systems with several partners from industry on which are attentional all the time have a possibilities of communication and

180 Automotive Technology EQQRGTCVKQPDGVYGGPFKHHGTGPVVTCHƄE participants. Therefore, simulators (truck and car) are used to develop and test scenarios without any risk for others.

Projects ■ Driving simulator ■ 5RGEKƄETKUMQHFCOCIGCPFKPƅWGPEG of driver assistance systems on insured damages ■ Teleoperated driving ■ UR:BAN – subproject HMI ■ IMAGinE – intelligent maneuver automatization ■ Modular product system for chassis components of heavy-duty commercial vehicles The institute’s dynamic driving simulator ■ Contributions for the validation of simulation results ■ Control design for vertical vehicle ■ 'PGTI[GHƄEKGPE[QHCEVKXGEJCUUKU dynamics through active roll bars and systems continuously variable dampers ■ 'PGTI[GHƄEKGPE[QHRCUUKXGEJCUUKU systems

Research Focus Courses ■ Vehicle concepts ■ Basics of Motor Vehicle Construction ■ Smart mobility ■ Road Vehicles: Design and Simulation ■ Driving dynamics ■ Dynamic of Passenger Cars ■ Driver assistance ■ Design of Electric Vehicles ■ Electric vehicle components ■ Technology of Motorcycles ■ Race Rar Technology Competence ■ E-mobility ■ Safety ■ 'HƄEKGPE[ ■ Human-vehicle interaction ■ Teleoperated driving

Infrastructure ■ 3D Printer ■ Dynamic driving simulator ■ Mechanical and electrical workshop ■ Dynamometer test rig ■ Battery testing lab ■ Hardware in the loop test stands ■ Measurement of driving dynamics ■ Mobile data capturing via smartphones ■ Computing cluster

Automotive Technology 181 Management Christian Angerer, M.Sc. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Markus Lienkamp, Director Matthias Felgenhauer, M.Sc. Dr.-Ing. Frank Diermeyer Johannes Stocker, M.Sc. Michael Fries, M.Sc. Adjunct Professors Sascha Koberstaedt, M.Sc. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Heiden, BMW AG Dipl.-Ing. Michael Sinning Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karl-Viktor Schaller Dipl.-Ing. Martin Soltes Dr.-Ing. Herbert Pfab, Liebherr GmbH Sophie Steinmaßl, M.Sc. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Tropschuh, AUDI AG Dipl.-Ing. Maximilian Tschochner Prof. Dr.-Ing. Lothar Wech, Technische Stefan Büchner, M.Sc. Hochschule Ingolstadt Konstantin Riedl, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Andrea Ficht Emeritus Professors Matthias Förth. M.Sc. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Bernd Heißing Alexander Heilmeier, M.Sc. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. Karl T. Renius Thorsten Helfrich, M.Sc. Apl. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Helmut Schwanghart Dipl.-Ing. Simon Schmeiler Michael Schmidt, M.Sc. Administrative Staff Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Schultze Nina Julius Daniel Wagner, M.Sc. Bettina von Stokar Dipl.-Ing. Andreas M. Wenzelis Alexa Wawra, M.A. Thomas Zehelein, M. Sc. Gabriele Weigand Jana Fank, M.Sc. Burcin Babat Philip Feig, M.Sc. Jean Michael Georg, M.Sc. Research Scientists Christian Knies, M.Sc. Johannes Betz, M.Sc. Natalie Richardson, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Pablo Hidalgo Julian Schatz, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Benedikt Jäger Amin Hosseini, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Manfred Klöppel Emad Sadeghipour, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Jürgen Lohrer Dipl.-Medieninf. Sonja Stockert Adam Waclaw, M.Sc. Johannes Wallner Michael Wittmann, M.Sc. David Wittmann, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Stephan Schickram Jörn Adermann, M.Sc. Technical Staff Dipl.-Ing. Michael Baumann Günter Anthuber Dipl.-Phys. Fabian Ebert Stefan Dichtl Dipl.-Ing. Lorenz Horlbeck Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Florian Biechl Dipl.-Ing. Matthias Kerler Alexander Suckow Katharina Minnerup, M.Sc. Tom Riekers Dipl.-Ing. Stefan Müller Ahmetcan Karasahin Stephan Rohr, M.Sc. Erwin Darnhofer Christoph Reiter, M.Sc. Peter Seidinger Fengqi Chang, M.Sc. Michael König Dipl.-Ing. Felix Römer Nelson Vogel Dipl.-Ing. Philip Wacker

182 Automotive Technology Publications 2016

■ Betz, Johannes; Lienkamp, Markus: Approach for ■ Kugler, Maria; Frank, Christopher; Osswald, the development of a method for the integration of Sebastian; Miramontes, Montserrat; Kinigadner, battery electric vehicles in commercial companies, Julia; Lienkamp, Markus: Untersuchung des Kunde- including intelligent management systems. Automo- nannahmeverhaltens zur Integration von Erneuer- tive and Engine Technology, 2016 barer Energie in Elektrofahrzeugen innerhalb der ■ Betz, Johannes; Werner, Dominick; Lienkamp, e-GAP Modellkommune Garmisch-Partenkirchen Markus: Fleet Disposition Modeling to Maximize – sun2car@GAP Abschlussbericht. Bayerisches Utilization of Battery Electric Vehicles in Companies Staatsministerium für Wirtschaft und Medien, with On-Site Energy Generation. mobil.TUM 2016 Energie und Technologie, 2016, +PVGTPCVKQPCN5EKGPVKƄE%QPHGTGPEGQP/QDKNKV[CPF ■ Kugler, Maria; Lienkamp, Markus: Development of Transport a Mobility Demand Model for Private Usage under ■ Fries, Michael; Michael Sinning, Martin Höpfner, Non-Urban Conditions. 20th European Conference Markus Lienkamp: Virtual Truck – A method for cus- on Mobility Management – ECOMM 2016, 2016 tomer oriented commercial vehicle simulation. Proc. ■ Kugler, Maria; Lienkamp, Markus: Parametric 4th International Commercial Vehicle Technology evaluation of the emission savings potential based Symposium, 2016, 438-448 on a mobility demand model. 24th International ■ Hidalgo, Pablo; Ostendorp, Max; Lienkamp, Conference on Modelling, Monitoring and Manage- Markus: Optimizing the Charging Station Placement ment of Air Pollution, 2016 under Consideration of the User Charging Behavior. ■ Lohrer, Jürgen; Lienkamp, Markus: Building IEEE EnergyCon, 2016 TGRTGUGPVCVKXGXGNQEKV[RTQƄNGUWUKPI(CUV&69CPF ■ Horlbeck, Lorenz; Hackl, Christoph: Analytical solu- spectral clustering. 14th International Conference tion for the MTPV hyperbola including the stator on ITS Telecommunications, 2016 resistance. IEEE International Conference on ■ Reuter, Benjamin: Bewertung von Nachhal- Industrial Technology (ICIT2016), 2016, 1060-1067 tigkeitsaspekten zur Rohstoff- und Technolo- ■ Hosseini, A., Richthammer, F., Lienkamp, M.: gieauswahl für Elektrofahrzeuge. Verlag Dr. Hut, Predictive haptic feedback for safe lateral control 2016 of teleoperated road vehicles in Urban Areas. IEEE ■ Sadeghipour, Emad; Wehrle, Erich Josef; Lienkamp, Vehicular Technology Conference, 2016 Markus: An Approach for the Development and ■ Hosseini, Amin; Florian Richthammer, Markus the Validation of Generic Simulation Models for Lienkamp: Predictive Safety Based on Track-Be- Crash-Compatibility Investigations. SAE Interna- fore-Detect for Teleoperated Driving Through tional Journal of Transportation Safety, 2016 Communication Time Delay. 83rd IEEE Vehicular ■ Schultze, Andreas; Lienkamp, Markus: Potential Technology Conference, 2016 QHCPKORTQXGFGPGTI[GHƄEKGPE[KPVJGEJCUUKU ■ Josef Ritzer: Methoden zur Messung der Bewe- Automotive and Engine Technology, 2016 gungszustände von Fahrzeugen mit mobilen ■ Schultze, Andreas; Hauck, M.; Lienkamp, M.: Crea- Endgeräten. Verlag Dr. Hut, 2016 tion of Driving Cycles with Lateral and Longitudinal ■ Jäger, Benedikt; Michael Wittmann and Markus Dynamics for Analyzing Chassis Losses. Proceed- Lienkamp: Analyzing and Modeling a City’s Spatio- ings of 16th Stuttgart International Symposium, temporal Taxi Supply and Demand: A Case Study 2016, 363-376 HQT/WPKEJVJ+PVGTPCVKQPCN%QPHGTGPEGQP6TCHƄE ■ Sebastian Osswald: Approach and Method for and Logistic Engineering (ICTLE 2016), 2016 Estimating the Development Effort of Automotive ■ Killian, Daniel; Georg, J.M.; Poltersdorf, S.; Lien- HMI Prototypes.Verlag Dr. Hut, 2016 kamp, M.: Model-based traction control with friction ■ Wenzelis, Andreas; Lienkamp, M., Schwarz, R.: adaption for preventing drive-train vibration during Optimized roll behavior and ride comfort based on the power-hop acceleration process of front-wheel central roll torque distribution on electromechan- drive vehicles. 24th Symposium of the International ical anti-roll bars and semiactive dampers and Association for Vehicle System Dynamics, IAVSD approaches on subjective-objective correlation. 2015, 2016, 533-542 24th Symposium of the International Association ■ Klaus Löhe, Thomas Zehelein, Günter Rop- for Vehicle System Dynamics, IAVSD 2015, 2016, penecker: Fahrbahngüteschätzung mittels 573-584 autoregressiver Filterung am Zweiachs-Fahrzeug. at – Automatisierungstechnik 64 (5), 2016, 355–364

Automotive Technology 183 Automatic Control

Model-based analysis and design allow for the successful control of complex dynamical systems

■ The institute is focused on both the development of methods and their RTCEVKECNCRRNKECVKQP(QTCPGHƄEKGPVEQPVTQNQHVGEJPKECNRTQEGUUGUPGY VGEJPKSWGUCTGFGXKUGFKPPQPNKPGCTEQPVTQNGPGTI[DCUGFOQFGNKPI CPFFGUKIPVJGEQPVTQNQHFKUVTKDWVGFRCTCOGVGTU[UVGOUOQFGNQTFGT TGFWEVKQPCUYGNNCUCFCRVKXGCPFRTGFKEVKXGEQPVTQNCPFOGVJQFUQH QRVKOK\CVKQPCPFEQORWVCVKQPCNKPVGNNKIGPEG/QTGQXGTC%QNNCDQTCVKXG Research Centre puts a spotlight on the modeling and analysis of non- VGEJPKECNU[UVGOU,WUVTGEGPVN[PGYEQQRGTCVKQPUYKVJKPC&()RTKQTKV[ program and within a joint international ANR-DFG funding initiative were established. Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. %QPEGTPKPIVJGCRRNKECVKQPJKIJN[EJCNNGPIKPIRTQDNGOUKPENWFGVJG Boris Lohmann VTGCVOGPVQHXKDTCVKQPUKPCWVQOQDKNGUVJGTQDWUVEQPVTQNQHOWNVKEQRVGTU VJGEQPVTQNQHWPUVCDNGTQDQVUCPFVJGHGGFDCEMEQPVTQNQHKPFWUVTKCN Contact processes. www.rt.mw.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.15610 Active and Semi-Active Suspension Control

the development of a nonlinear feedback control in combination with nonlinear state observation techniques as well as proactive preview control. Thereby, different design objectives can trans- parently be achieved, while design restrictions like state and input constraints can be taken into account. The so-called hybrid suspension system, developed at QWTKPUVKVWVGKUUJQYPKPVJGƄIWTGNGHV it includes a low-bandwidth actuator F(t) and a high-bandwidth variable damper

dc(t), together with a sophisticated control system.

'ZRGTKOGPVUCTGRGTHQTOGFCVVYQSWCTVGTECTVGUV stands available in the Institute of Automatic Control.

Active suspension systems can signi- ƄECPVN[EQPVTKDWVGVQVJGEQOHQTVCPF safety of passenger cars by minimizing vibrations acting on passengers and by *[DTKFUWURGPUKQPU[UVGOEQPVTQNNGFD[CUVCVG reducing dynamic wheel load. Recent estimator and feedback controller developments of our research include

184 Automatic Control Model Order Reduction

The modeling of dynamic systems frequently leads to large sets of differential equations. The goal of model order reduc- VKQPKUVQƄPFCOWEJUOCNNGT TGFWEGF  model preserving the most important If a load F(t) moves along an properties of the original model. Recent GNCUVKEUVTWEVWTGCVKOGXCT[KPI JKIJQTFGTOQFGNTGUWNVUTGSWKTKPI research in our group deals with reducing reduction before further use in parameter-dependent systems, time- analysis and controller design. varying systems, systems of differential algebraic equations and nonlinear sys- tems. The resulting new methods guar- +55CUCPGZCORNGQHCJKIJQTFGTƅGZKDNGUVTWEVWTG antee high approximation accuracy, while (Photo: NASA) DGKPIPWOGTKECNN[GHƄEKGPV#RQYGTHWN toolbox called sssMOR has been released open source. .QIQQHVJGQRGPUQWTEGVQQNDQZ

Model Predictive Control for Highly Dynamic Systems

systems with fast dynamics. An advantage of the model predictive control (MPC) paradigm is the possibility to systemat- ically consider constraints on input and state variables. However, the real-world application of nonlinear MPC remains challenging, as non-convex optimization problems have to be solved online with UWHƄEKGPVCEEWTCE[KPQTFGTVQQDVCKP 3WCFTQVQTsVJGFGUKIPCVGFEQPVTQNNGTVGUVRNCVHQTO desirable closed-loop dynamics. Currently, a novel control concept for multirotor Within the last decades, immense growth systems using adaptive and predictive in available computational power has components is developed in cooperation enabled the embedded implementation of with the Institute of Flight System optimization-based control approaches for Dynamics.

Modeling and Control of Distributed Parameter Systems

Partial differential equations can be KFGPVKƄECVKQPQHRCTCOGVGTUKPNKPGCTRCTVKCN used to characterize systems whose differential equations. Secondly, based on parameters do not only depend on time the parameterized model, model-based but on a spatial variable as well. Such control techniques are applied to achieve systems include all kinds of transport and a desired dynamic behavior of the diffusion phenomena as they arise for distributed parameter system. Currently, example in the movement of beams or in research interests are focused on a 8KUWCNK\CVKQPQHVJGUQNWVKQPQH CKTƅQYKPIVJTQWIJCVWDG(KTUVN[TGUGCTEJ pneumatic line with non-linear friction. an undamped wave equation depending on one spatial variable is dedicated to a new approach to the and time

Automatic Control 185 Energy-based Modeling and Control

We develop and apply methods for the modeling, discretization and control of dynamical systems under preservation of – or inspired by – their physical structure. Current research foci are the discrete modeling of distributed-parameter Port-Hamiltonian systems (dPHS) and the coupling of this control-oriented system

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representation with numerical methods and computational tools. #ƅGZKDNGLQKPVCPFNKPMOCPKRWNCVQTJCU been constructed to serve as an exper- imental platform to validate our model- based control designs. The DFG-ANR grant +PVGTEQPPGEVGFKPƄPKVGFKOGPUKQPCN systems for heterogeneous media (INFID- HEM) consolidates our research coopera- tion with our French and German partners #UKORNKEKCNEGNNCUFKUETGVGOQFGNKPIDCUGHQTF2*5 KPVJKUƄGNFCPFUVTGPIVJGPUVJGNKPMYKVJ our Model Order Reduction group.

Takagi-Sugeno Models and Controller Design

Most robotic systems exhibit unneglect- able nonlinearities in their system dynamics, which are to be considered in the design process of the controller. One approach is to use interpolated linear models, so-called Takagi-Sugeno models, to represent the dynamics of nonlinear systems and to use these models for analysis and control design. Within the collaborative research centre ‘Zyklenman- agement von Innovationsprozessen’ of the German Research Council (DFG), the modeling and analysis of non-technical A ballbot and a wheeled inverted pendulum as dynamical systems is investigated using GZCORNGUQHWPUVCDNGPQPNKPGCTTQDQVU agent-based modeling and Takagi- Sugeno models.

186 Automatic Control Research Focus Management ■ Automotive and active vibration control Prof. Dr.-Ing. Boris Lohmann, Director ■ Model order reduction ■ Model predictive and optimal control Administrative Staff ■ Energy-based modeling and control Regine Markwort ■ Modeling and control of distributed parameter systems Research Scientists ■ Takagi-Sugeno models, agent-based Dr.-Ing. Nicole Gehring (PDE group) modeling and controller design Dr.-Ing. Paul Kotyczka (EMC group presently in Lyon) Competence Klaus Albert, M.Sc. ■ Mechatronic systems design and Alessandro Castagnotto, M.Sc. control Maria Cruz Varona, M.Sc. ■ Feedback control in production Christian Dengler, M.Sc. systems Richard Kern, M.Sc. ■ Modeling, analysis and control of Christopher Lerch, M.Sc. (Hons) technical and non-technical processes Philipp Niermeyer, M.Sc. ■ Control and optimization Ertug Olcay, M.Sc. ■ Adaptive and model predictive control Mikhail Pak, M.Sc. Julio Franco Pérez Cruz, M.Sc. Infrastructure Dipl.-Ing. Nils Pletschen ■ Two quarter-car test stands Johannes Strohm, M.Sc. ■ Various mechatronic test rigs and Mei Wang, M.Sc. robots ■ Control systems design lab Technical Staff ■ Electrical and mechanical workshop Thomas Huber Ralf Hübner Courses ■ Regelungstechnik (Bachelor MW) ■ Systemtheorie in der Mechatronik (Bachelor MW) ■ Moderne Methoden der Regelungs- technik 1-3 (Master) ■ Regelung von Systemen mit verteilten Parametern (Master) ■ Advanced Control (Master MSPE) ■ Lab Course Computergestützter Regelungsentwurf (Bachelor) ■ Lab Course Moderne Methoden der Regelungstechnik (Master) ■ Lab Course Reglerimplementierung auf Mikrocontrollern (Master)

Automatic Control 187 Publications 2016

■ Albert, K.: Ljapunow-Funktionen-basierte ■ Dietrich, A., Bussmann, K., Petit, F., Kotyczka, P., Regelungsansätze für lineare Systeme mit Stell- Ott, C., Lohmann, B., Albu-Schäffer, A.: Whole- größen- und Zustandsbeschränkungen. Workshop Body Impedance Control of Wheeled Mobile des GMA-Fachausschusses 1.40 ‘Theoretische Manipulators – Stability Analysis and Experiments Verfahren der Regelungstechnik’, Anif/Salzburg, on the Humanoid Robot Rollin’ Justin. Autonomous Austria, 2016. Robots (AURO): Special Issue on Whole-Body ■ Castagnotto, A.: Fast H2-optimal model order Control of Contacts and Dynamics for Humanoid reduction. CSC Seminar, Max-Planck-Institut, Robots 40 (3), 2016, 505-517. Magdeburg, 2016. ■ Gehring, N.; Rudolph, J.: An algebraic algorithm ■ Castagnotto, A.: How to split the cost of optimiza- HQTRCTCOGVGTKFGPVKƄECVKQPKPCENCUUQHU[UVGOU tion and reduction in H2-optimal model reduction. described by linear partial differential equations. Workshop on Model Order Reduction and Optimiza- PAMM – Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and tion, Opatija, 2016. Mechanics, 2016. ■ Castagnotto, A.: Beschleunigte H2-optimale ■ Gehring, N.; Stauch, C.; Rudolph, J.: Parameter Modellreduktion für Systeme sehr hoher Ordnung. KFGPVKƄECVKQPHCWNVFGVGEVKQPCPFNQECNK\CVKQPHQTCP 50. Regelungstechnisches Kolloquium in Boppard, electrical transmission line. Proc. European Control 2016. Conference, Aalborg, Denmark, 2016, 2090-2095. ■ Castagnotto, A.; Cruz Varona, M.; Emmert, T.; ■ Kern, R.: Physikalische Beschreibung und Vergleich Jaensch, S.; Meindl, M.; Lohmann, B.; Polifke, W.: sukzessiv vereinfachter Modelle einer langen pneu- sss & sssMOR – Analyse und Reduktion dynami- matischen Leitung. Workshop des GMA-Fachaus- scher Systeme sehr hoher Ordnung. MATLAB Expo, EJWUUGUn/QFGNNDKNFWPI+FGPVKƄMCVKQPWPF 2016. Simulation in der Automatisierungstechnik’, Anif, ■ Castagnotto, A.; Cruz Varona, M.; Lohmann, B.: sss Austria, 2016. & sssMOR – Analysis and Reduction of Large-Scale ■ Niermeyer, Philipp; Akkinapalli, Venkata Sravan; Dynamic Systems in MATLAB. KoMSO Challenge Pak, Mikhail; Holzapfel, Florian; Lohmann, Boris: Workshop on Reduced-Order Modeling for Simula- Geometric Path Following Control for Multirotor tion and Optimization, 2016. Vehicles Using Nonlinear Model Predictive Control ■ Castagnotto, A.; Panzer, H.K.F.; Lohmann B.: Fast and 3D Spline Paths. International Conference on H2-Optimal Model Order Reduction Exploiting the Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS), 2016, 126- Local Nature of Krylov-Subspace Methods. 2016 134. European Control Conference (ECC), 2016. ■ Pletschen, N.: Nonlinear H2 Control of a Low-Band- ■ Cruz Varona, M.: Krylov subspace model reduction width Active Vehicle Suspension System Using for bilinear and MIMO quadratic-bilinear systems. Takagi-Sugeno Methods. Proceedings of the 13th Workshop on Model Order Reduction and Optimiza- International Symposium on Advanced Vehicle tion, Opatija, 2016. Control (AVEC’16), Munich, Germany, 2016. ■ Cruz Varona, M.: Interpolation-based model ■ Pletschen, N.; Diepold, K.J.: Nonlinear State reduction of nonlinear systems. CSC Seminar, Estimation for Suspension Control Applications: A Max-Planck-Institut, Magdeburg, 2016. Takagi-Sugeno Kalman Filtering Approach. Control ■ Cruz Varona, M.; Olcay, E.; Lohmann, B.: Interpo- Engineering Practice, 2016. lation-based H2-pseudo-optimal model reduction ■ Strohm, J.N.: Vorausschauende optimale Steuerung of bilinear systems. Workshop des GMA-Fachaus- linearer Systeme mittels FIR-Filter. Workshop des EJWUUGUn/QFGNNDKNFWPI+FGPVKƄMCVKQPWPF GMA-Fachausschusses 1.40 ‘Theoretische Ver- Simulation in der Automatisierungstechnik’, Anif, fahren der Regelungstechnik’, 2016 Anif/Salzburg, Austria, 2016. Austria, 2016. ■ Delgado, S.; Kotyczka, P.: Energy shaping for ■ Trivedi, M.V.; Banavar, R.N. & Kotyczka, P.: position and speed control of a wheeled inverted Hamiltonian modelling and buckling analysis of pendulum in reduced space. Automatica 74, 2016, CPQPNKPGCTƅGZKDNGDGCOYKVJCEVWCVKQPCVVJG 222-229. bottom. Mathematical and Computer Modelling ■ Dengler, Christian: Entwurf und Vergleich of Dynamical Systems, Taylor & Francis, 2016, 22, nichtlinearer Beobachter am realen Viertanksys- 475-492. tem, basierend auf Takagi-Sugeno-Modellen. ■ Wilberg, Julian; Preißner, Stephanie; Dengler, Chris- 26. GMA-Workshop Computational Intelligence, tian; Füller, Kathrin; Gammel, Josef; Kernschmidt, Dortmund, 2016. Konstantin; Kugler, Katharina; Vogel-Heuser, Birgit: ■ Dengler, Christian: Entwurf nichtlinearer Beobachter, Performance measurement in interdisciplinary basierend auf Takagi-Sugeno-Darstellungen, für ein innovation processes – Transparency through struc- Viertank-System. Workshop des GMA-Ausschusses tural complexity management. 18th International 1.40 ‘Theoretische Verfahren der Regelungstech- Dependency and Structure Modelling Conference, nik’, Anif, Austria, 2016. DSM 2016, 2016, 11-22.

188 Automatic Control Micro Technology and Medical Device Technology

%QORWVCVKQPCNFGUKIPCPFTCRKFOCPWHCEVWTKPIQHEGTVKƄGFFGXKEGUOGEJCPKUOUCPFTQDQVU

■ The focus of the Institute of Micro Technology and Medical Device Technology is to accelerate the process of developing ideas into pro- FWEVU+PTGUGCTEJCPFUEKGPEGVJGVKOGTGSWKTGFHQTKORNGOGPVCVKQPKU CUKIPKƄECPVHCEVQTHQTUWEEGUU6JGTGHQTGTCRKFRTQVQV[RKPICPFTCRKF manufacturing technologies are part of our main research interest. We CTGU[UVGOCVKECNN[FGXGNQRKPICPFCPCN[\KPIPGYTCRKFVGEJPQNQIKGUCU YGNNCUCRRN[KPIVJGOKPVJGCTGCUQHRTGEKUKQPGPIKPGGTKPIOKETQVGEJ- nology and medical device technology. We are systematically validating QWTTGUGCTEJFGXKEGUVQCEJKGXGTGNKCDNGUEKGPVKƄETGUWNVU+PVJGCTGC QHOGFKECNVGEJPQNQI[YGFGXGNQRCEEQTFKPIVQ+51EGTVKH[QWT FGXKEGUCEEQTFKPIVQ/&&(&#CPFRGTHQTOENKPKECNUVWFKGUCEEQTFKPIVQ Prof. Dr. Tim C. Lüth +51|

Contact This year an extensive project on fun- passive force assisting devices for care damentals to support nursing through givers. In order to prevent dehydration, www.mimed.mw.tum.de [email protected] technical systems and infrastructures we developed a system to automatically Phone +49.89.289.15190 YCUƄPCNK\GF+VYCUHWPFGFD[VJG#NHTKGF detect the liquid intake of patients using Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach-Stiftung a detection cup, a detection straw and and started in 2014. Our cooperation with a base station. We also developed a the nursing home KWA Luise-Kiessel- lift-assist device to assist patients in bach-Haus turned out to be an important rising from a chair. The prototypes will be success factor. Within the project we further evaluated at the nursing home in fo cused on systems to assist both order to be able to realize ready-to-market caregivers and patients. We evaluated products.

Task-Oriented, Computational Kinematic Design

The initial and fundamental idea of mechanism and machine theory consist in designing mechanical devices with VCUMURGEKƄEOQDKNKV[CPFFKOGPUKQPU and represents also one of the basic design methodologies behind linkage and robotic motion systems developed at the institute. In this context, the major goal of 'ZCORNGQHVJGHQTOCNKUOHQT the kinematic design group is to provide membrane folding pattern design; CJGZCIQPCNRTKUOHQNFKPIHQT computer-aided analysis and synthesis 2TQVQV[RGQHCEQORCEVQTKICOKKPURKTGFURCVKCNECT membrane packaging based on methods that allow for the design and FQQTIWKFCPEGNKPMCIGYJKEJGCUGUIGVVKPIKPVQCECT EQPEGRVUQHƄPKVGTKIKFOQVKQP in cramped parking spots (MiMed) and spherical kinematic synthesis RTQVQV[RKPIQHPQXGNVCUMURGEKƄEOQVKQP (MiMed) systems. This year a result in the area of computati- pattern design. In another project (foun- onal synthesis methods was the develop- ded by the Bavarian Research Foundation ment of a novel formalism for membrane and in collaboration with BMW AG and folding pattern design based on concepts Webasto Edscha Cabrio GmbH), another QHƄPKVGTKIKFOQVKQPCPFURJGTKECN optimization based kinematic synthesis kinematic synthesis. These techniques approach was developed, which consi- EQODKPGUWEEGUUKXGN[VQUGIOGPVCƅCV ders multiple pose synthesis with respect bounded surface, such that it can reach to given space requirements in CAD-integ- CRTGUETKDGFURCVKCNEQPƄIWTCVKQP6JG rated design processes. URGEKƄETGUWNVKUCETGCVKXGDWVU[UVGOCVKE Based on preceding analysis, synthesis and computational procedure for crease and design results the proof of concept

Micro Technology and Medical Device Technology 189 was carried out for spatially movable complex link designs, and which provi- linkage for car door guidance. The result FGUUKIPKƄECPVKPUKIJVKPVQVJGEQORNGZ is an actuated hybrid prototype which kinematic properties of spatial linkage combines classical machine elements and systems. modern rapid prototyping technologies for

Postoperative Adjustable Prosthesis for Ossicular Chain Reconstructions

This year, our institute introduced a new replacing the ossicular chain of our self-adjusting prosthesis for ossicular custom 3D printed functional middle ear chain reconstruction in an excellent model. Our measurements under high ten- collaboration project with the Department sion showed that the sound conduction of of Otolaryngology at Hannover Medical our prototype was higher than the sound School. The project was funded by the conduction of a commercial prosthesis. German Research Foundation (Deutsche In a second experiment, we could show Forschungsgesellschaft). The new elastic that our prototype can reduce the tension prosthesis with a spring-damper element on the inner ear caused by the varying Self-adjusting prosthesis for ossi- conducts sound by stiffening under sound ambient pressure, which was not possible cular chain reconstructions with pressure, but adapts its length to avoid an with the commercial prosthesis. integrated sprig-damper-element developed at our institute (MiMed) extensive static load on the inner ear. The Our approach seems to be a promising composite prosthesis is made of implan- way to minimize the complications due table silicone materials and medical-grade to tissue damage and provid good sound titanium, which makes it extremely elastic conduction quality at the same time. yet very conductive. We have built and tested our prototype

Technology for an Aging Society – Individualized Lift-Assist Devices

Rising from a chair is a fundamental movement in daily life and a prerequisite for independent functional ability. Yet, it remains one of the most demanding biomechanical activities as it requires high levels of neuromuscular coordination, muscle strength and postural control. To help patients rise often requires great physical effort by care-givers and there- fore increases their risk of suffering from musculoskeletal disorders. One of our goals is to improve this situation through individualized lift-assist devices. We use individual sit-to-stand motion data to synthesize the dimensions of the mecha- PKUOVJCVRTQXKFGUWUGTURGEKƄEIWKFCPEG QHVJGUGCV#RPGWOCVKEURTKPIƄVVKPI Design of a modular lift-assist device integrated into a the patient’s weight is integrated. This chair (MiMed) individualized lift-assist device ensures an ergonomic interface and enhances the patient’s mobility.

190 Micro Technology and Medical Device Technology Manipulators for Minimally Invasive Surgery

injection molding, additive manufacturing CUCƅGZKDNGOCPWHCEVWTKPIRTQEGUUQHHGTU the possibility of immediate manufacturing of individualized parts. Our approach is the development of software to enable automated design of the manipulator structure by directly generating printable surface models. Using the advantages of additive manufacturing for the fabrication and following the concept of an automa- Selectiv laser sintered surgical manipulator for ted design of our manipulator, the aim is a minimally invasive surgery (MiMed) system that can be individualized for the Directly designed surface model RCVKGPV KGCU[UVGOFGUKIPGFURGEKƄECNN[ of the manipulator’s tip using MATLAB (MiMed) Automatically Designed Surgical for the patient, adjusted to the patient’s Multi-Arm Snake-Like Robots anatomy using preoperative imaging), the Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) offers UWTIGQP KGURGEKƄECNN[FGUKIPGFHQTVJG ITGCVDGPGƄVUHQTRCVKGPVUUWEJCUUJQTVGT surgeon, adjusted to the instruments the recovery time and a less painful or even a surgeon can work with best) and further- painless healing period. more different minimally invasive surgery This year our institute started a colla- CRRNKECVKQPU KGCVCUMURGEKƄEU[UVGO boration project funded by the German designed for endoscopy or laparoscopy). Research Foundation (Deutsche For- Further examinations on the characte- schungsgesellschaft) together with the ristics such as producibility and fatigue Institute of Computer Aided Medical UVTGPIVJQHƅGZWTGJKPIGUHCDTKECVGFD[ Procedures (CAMP), the Klinikum rechts selective laser sintering form the basis der Isar (MITI research group) and Uni- HQTVJGCWVQOCVGFFGUKIPQHƅGZWTGJKPIG versitätsklinikum Ulm (InExEn research structures. group), based on the successful work at our institution developing a 3D-printed Surgical Micro-Manipulators manipulator system for minimally inva- based on Nitinol sive surgery. Within the interdisciplinary The aim of another project is the miniatu- project the system should be developed TK\CVKQPQHƅGZKDNGTQDQVKEU[UVGOUDCUGF further into an individualized disposable QPƅGZWTGJKPIGUVTWEVWTGUD[WUKPIOGVCN manipulator for various different surgical materials for manufacture. This could tasks. The spinelike overtube structure of enable the use in procedures, where the system is designed to guide standard the anatomical constraints require the endoscopes and standard endoscopic FGXKEGUVQDGUOCNNƅGZKDNGCPFTQDWUV Nitinol double-arm snake-like instruments and allows tissue manipula- such as ear-nose-throat (ENT) surgery. manipulator for minimally invasive surgery (MiMed) tion by the aid of two arms, each offering Nickel titanium metal alloy, also known as four degrees of freedom. The actuation of nitinol, provides a basis for medical micro the manipulator arms can either be reali- manipulators designed at our lab, because zed by a purely mechanical control unit or of its superelasticity characteristic and its by an electrical control unit with joysticks biocompatibility. The continuum manipula- UGTXKPICUCWUGTKPVGTHCEG#HVGTCƄTUV tors are developed in sub-cm size for the clinical evaluation of the system together manipulation of standard instruments with with our clinical partner (InExEn research multiple degrees of freedom. The aim is to group, Universitätsklinik Ulm), we now enable robotic minimally-invasive inter- proceed with the automated design of the ventions that will reduce the invasiveness manipulator system allowing easy adapta- of the procedure with the advantage of VKQPQHVJG56.ƄNGUHQTOCPWHCEVWTGXKC enabling multifunctional platforms to work selective laser sintering. In contrast with in spatially-restricted surgical areas.

Micro Technology and Medical Device Technology 191 Safe and Dynamic Networking in the Operating Room

to the medical device network. Function modules collect standardized network data (e.g. sensor data, planning data) to realize novel functionalities such as auto- mated sensor-based control of medical devices over the network. As an example, MiMed implemented various use case scenarios for function modules including ‘Navigated Control’ and ‘Neuro Control’, where either position data or neurological data is used to actively control surgical instruments. In both cases, the intensity of the instrument is gradually decreased whenever the instruments get close to a critical structure such as a nerve tissue. Innovative assistive technologies like 6JGƄPCNFGOQPUVTCVQTUJQYU In 2016 MiMed completed the nationwide these allow an increase in patient safety various application scenarios for ƅCIUJKRRTQLGEVn140'6oYJKEJCKOUCV and a decrease in cognitive strain for the real-time interconnected medical devices (MiMed) the establishment of an open commu- surgeon. nication standard for safe and dynamic medical device communication. Co-lead by MiMed, over 15 research institutes along with 17 industrial partners parti- cipated in the project. MiMed’s focus within the project was the elaboration of viable solutions for real-time critical appli- cations including control of devices such as drills, coagulators, shavers, ultrasonic knives, etc. In such scenarios, timing is of crucial importance, since delayed data at the destination node can cause serious The central master unit handles the communication harm to the patient. Traditional networks and displays the devices and their connection status (MiMed) based on best-effort scheduling schemes cannot provide the required level of real- +PCƄPCNFGOQPUVTCVQTRTGUGPVCVKQP time guarantees. on March 15th, the chair’s research During the course of the project, MiMed results were presented to the public. elaborated a network architecture that The demonstrator setup resembled a allows medical devices to exchange networked operating room incorporating data in a safe and real-time capable a multitude of medical devices and assis- fashion. The solution is based on industry tive devices which were interconnected standards such as Ethernet Powerlink using the developed technology. Different DWVGZVGPFUVJGGZKUVKPICRRTQCEJGUVQƄV use case scenarios, such as controlling the demands of highly dynamic medical different surgical instruments over the device networks. Legacy medical devices network via one and the same foot pedal, with proprietary interfaces can easily be could be tested by visitors. Further use integrated into the network by so-called case scenarios included the automatic connectors acting as a bridge between control of surgical drills and ultrasonic the proprietary medical device interfaces dissectors using navigation and neuro- and the open real-time network. To NQIKECNFCVC6JGƄPCNFGOQPUVTCVQTYCU DGPGƄVHTQOUVCPFCTFK\GFFCVCUQ also presented at the healthcare and IT called function modules can be added fair CONHIT 2016 in Berlin.

192 Micro Technology and Medical Device Technology Research Focus Management ■ Medical navigation and robotics Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Dipl.-Ing. Tim C. Lüth, ■ 3D printing of robots and instruments Director ■ Additive production technology Dr.-Ing. Franz Irlinger, Academic Director ■ Micro-technological production Renate Heuser, Secretary ■ Synthesis of kinematics Cornelia Härtling, Secretary ■ Assistance systems for aging society Adjunct Professors Competence Prof. Dr. Walter Kucharczyk, IAS Fischer ■ Automatic CAD-construction/matlab Senior Fellow (Univ. Toronto) ■ Synthesis of joint mechanisms Prof. Dr. Gero Strauß, Medical Coordinator ■ 3D measurement technology (Univ. Leipzig) (optical, EM) Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jörg Vollrath, Electronics, ■ Robotics Olching, Kempten ■ Mechatronic control ■ Quality management (ISO 9001/13485) Research Scientists Dr.-Ing. Kassim Abdul-Sater Infrastructure Dipl.-Ing. Sandra Brecht ■ Precision mechanics workshop Suat Cömert, M.Sc. (ISO13485) Dipl.-Ing. Johannes Coy ■ Micro-technology laser treatment Christian Dietz, M.Sc. ■ Additive manufacturing systems (3D Dipl.-Math. Max Dingler printing, FDM, SLS, freeformer) Tatiana Eliseeva, M.Sc. ■ %GTVKƄGF14 Dipl.-Ing. Konrad Entsfellner ■ Electronics workshop Christina Hein, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Eva Graf Courses Franziska Klein, M.Sc. ■ Microsystem Technology Dipl.-Ing. Joachim Kreutzer ■ Medical Device Technology Yannick Krieger, M.Sc. ■ Automation in Medicine Dipl.-Ing. Ismail Kuru ■ Admission of Medical Devices Simon Laudahn, M.Sc. ■ Kinematics Dipl.-Ing. Tobias Lüddemann Dipl.-Ing. Arne Menz Dipl.-Ing. Jonas Pfeiffer Jelena Prša, M.Sc. (Hons) Samuel Reimer, M.Eng. Dipl.-Ing. Daniel Roppenecker Dipl.-Ing. Dominik Rumschöttel Dipl.-Ing. Mattias Träger

Technical Staff Gerhard Ribnitzky, Foreman Markus Wörl, Assistant Fabian Haimerl, Assistant Dominik Karges, Apprentice Michael Stanglmeir, Apprentice Thomas Weiß-Vogtmann, Apprentice

Micro Technology and Medical Device Technology 193 Publications 2016

Journal Paper ■ *GKP%/2ƄV\GT/.ØVJ6%  'XCNWKG- ■ Kuru, I.; Maier, H.; Müller, M.; Lenarz, T.; Lüth, T.C. rung der Nutzerakzeptanz tragbarer Hilfsmittel zur (2016): A 3D-printed functioning anatomical human RCUUKXGP-TCHVWPVGTUVØV\WPIHØT#NVGPRƅGIGMTÀHVG middle ear model. Hearing Research, in press, Zweite transdisziplinäre Konferenz Technische RR|&1+LJGCTGU Unterstützungssysteme, die die Menschen wirklich wollen, Hamburg, Germany, 13-13 Dec. 2016. ■ Krieger, Y.S.; Roppenecker, D.B.; Stolzenburg, J.-U.; Conference-Papers (Peer Reviewed) Lüth, T.C. (2016): First Step towards an Automated ■ Abdul-Sater, K. (2016): A Hexagonal Prism Folding Designed Multi-Arm Snake-Like Robot for Minimally for Membrane Packaging based on Concepts Invasive Surgery. IEEE RAS/EMBS International of Finite Rigid Motion and Kinematic Synthesis. Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biome- In ASME IDETC 2016, 40th Mechanisms and chatronics, Singapore, 26-29.06.2016, pp. 1-6. DOI: Robotics Conference, 21-24 August, 2016, p. 10. 10.1109/BIOROB.2016.7523661 DOI:10.1115/DETC2016-59293 ■ Krieger, Y.S.; Brecht, S.V.; Roppenecker, D.B.; Kuru, ■ Abdul-Sater, K.; Irlinger, F.; Lüth, T.C. (2016): Some I.; Lüth, T.C (2016): First Approach towards a Mani- Considerations Towards Kinematic Multibody Syn- pulator System for Single-Incision Laparoscopic thesis. In 4th International Conference on Multibody Surgery Using Rapid Manufacturing. 15. Jahres- System Dynamics, 28th May-02 June, 2016, p. 12. tagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Computer- ■ Atze, H.; Menz, A.; Lüddemann, T.; Dingler, M.; und Roboterassistierte Chirurgie (CURAC 2016), Lüth, T.C. (2016): Quantitative Measurements of Bern, 2016. Soft Tissue Structures using Image-Features in ■ Kreutzer J.F.; Deist, J.; Hein, C.M.; Lüth, T.C. (2016): Navigated Endoscopy, in the 2016 IEEE Global 5GPUQTU[UVGOUHQTOQPKVQTKPIƅWKFKPVCMGKPFKTGEVN[ Conference on Consumer Electronics, Kyoto, and directly. IEEE BSN International Conference on Japan, 2016. DOI: 10.1109/GCCE.2016.7800546 Body Sensor Networks, San Francisco, CA, USA, ■ Brecht, S.V.; Krieger, Y.S.; Stolzenburg, J.-U.; Lüth, 14-17 June 2016. DOI: 10.1109/BSN.2016.7516223 T.C. (2016): A New Concept for a Single Incision ■ Kreutzer J.F.; Flaschberger, J.; Hein, C.M.; Lüth, T.C. Laparoscopic Manipulator System Integrating (2016): Capacitive Detection of Filling Levels in a Intraoperative Laparoscopic Ultrasound, IEEE Inter- Cup. IEEE BSN International Conference on Body national Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics Sensor Networks, San Francisco, CA, USA, 14-17 (Robio), Qingdao, China, 03.-07.12.2016. June 2016. DOI: 10.1109/BSN.2016.7516228 ■ Coemert, S.; Alambeigi, F.; Deguet, A.; Carey, J.P.; ■ Kuru, I.; Roth; M.; Ferrer, F.L.; Krieger, Y.S.; Lenarz, Armand, M.; Lüth, T.C.; Taylor, R.H (2016): Integra- T.; Maier, H.; Lüth, T.C. (2016): Design and Manufac- tion of a Snake-like Dexterous Manipulator for Head turing Concept of a Postoperative Adjustable and Neck Surgery with the da Vinci Research Kit. Prosthesis for Ossicular Chain Reconstructions. The Hamlyn Symposium on Medical Robotics 2016, IEEE RAS/EMBS International Conference on London, United Kingdom, 25-28 June, 2016, p. 2. Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics, ■ Coemert, S.; Gao, A.; Carey, J.P.; Traeger, M.F.; Singapore, 26-29.06.2016, pp. 1-6. DOI:10.1109/ Taylor, R.H.; Lüth, T.C.; Armand, M. (2016). Develop- BIOROB.2016.7523767 ment of a snake-like dexterous manipulator for ■ Lüddemann, T.; Chang, D.; Sahin, S.; Lüth, T.C. skull base surgery. In Engineering in Medicine and (2016): Medical Device Approval Process in China Biology Society (EMBC), 2016 IEEE 38th Annual since the Introduction of the China Food and Drug International Conference (pp. 5087-5090). IEEE. Administration. IEEE Symposium on Product Com- DOI: 10.1109/EMBC.2016.7591871 pliance Engineering (ISPCE), Anaheim, USA, May ■ Coy, J.A.; Pfeiffer, J. H.; Krieger, Y. S.; Mehrkens, 16-18, 2016. DOI: 10.1109/ISPCE.2016.7492842 J.-H.; Bötzel, K.; Lüth, T. C. (2016): Mechatronic ■ Lüddemann, T.; Sahin, S.; Pfeiffer, J.; Lüth, T.C. Device for the Optimization of the DBS-Elec- (2016): Experimental Evaluation of a Novel ISO trode Placement. IEEE RAS/EMBS International 14971 Risk Management Software for Medical Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biome- Devices in the 2016 IEEE/SICE International Sym- chatronics, Singapore, 26-29.06.2016, pp. 1-6. posium on System Integration (SII 2016), Sapporo, DOI:10.1109/BIOROB.2016.7523625 Japan, 2016. ■ Dietz, C.; Lüddemann, T.; Dingler, M.; Lüth, T.C. ■ Pfeiffer, J.; Borbáth, Á.; Dietz, C.; Lüth, T.C. (2016): (2016): ‘Automated Risk Detection for Medical A New Module Combining Two Tracking Cameras Device Networks with Hard Real Time Require- to Expand the Workspace of Surgical Navigation ments’, 2016 IEEE/SICE International Symposium Systems in the 2016 IEEE/SICE International Sym- on System Integration, Sapporo, Japan, December posium on System Integration (SII 2016), Sapporo, 12-14, 2016 Japan, 2016. ■ Dingler, M.; Ortiz, D.; Dietz, C.; Lüth, T. (2016): An ■ Reimer, S.M.F.; Abdul-Sater, K.; Lüth, T.C. (2016): Approach Towards Compositional Behavior Speci- Bio-Kinematic Design of Individualized Lift-Assist ƄECVKQPQH/GFKECN&GXKEG0GVYQTMUKP6JG Devices. Medical and Service Robots 2016, Graz, IEEE /SICE International Symposium on System 4-6 July 2016, pp. 1-12. Integration (SII), Sapporo, Japan, December 12-14, ■ Rumschoettel, D.; Künzel, F.; Irlinger, F.; Lüth, 2016 T.C. (2016): A Novel Piezoelectric Printhead for ■ Graf, E.C.; Tiemann, K.; Praceus, J.; Lüth, T.C. *KIJ/GNVKPI2QKPV.KSWKF/GVCNU2CP2CEKƄE (2016): A Planning System of the Implant Size and Microelectronics Conference, Kailua-Kona, Hawaii, Position for Minimally-Invasive Closure of the Left USA, 25-28 Jan. 2016. DOI: 10.1109/PanPaci- Atrial Appendage, IEEE RAS/EMBS International ƄE Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biome- chatronics, Singapore, 26-29.06.2016. pp. 293-298. DOI: 10.1109/BIOROB.2016.7523641

194 Micro Technology and Medical Device Technology Conference Paper Magazine Article ■ Laudahn, S.; Irlinger, F.; Lüth, T.C.; Abdul-Sater, K. ■ Dingler, M.; Pfeiffer, J.; Lüddemann, T.; Dietz, C.; (2016): ‘Auslegung und Rapid Prototyping einer Lüth, T. (2016): Open Real Time Communication in räumlichen Fahrzeugtürkinematik unter Berücksich- the Operating Room, in: Medizintechnik in Bayern. tigung von Singularitätsbetrachtungen sphärischer 4-Gelenkgetriebe’. In: 18. VDI Bewegungstechnik. VDI Verlag, 2016, pp. 37-48.

Conference Posters ■ Kuru, I.; Maier, H.; Lenarz, T.; Lüth, T.C. (2016): A New Postoperative Adjustable Middle Ear Prosthe- sis,10th International Conference in Cholesteatoma and Ear Surgery, 05.-08.06.2016, Edinburgh, United Kingdom ■ Maier, H.; Kuru, I.; Lüth, T.C.; Lenarz, T. (2016): A Functional 3D Printed Human Middle Ear Model,10th International Conference in Cho- lesteatoma and Ear Surgery, 05-08.06.2016, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Micro Technology and Medical Device Technology 195 Medical and Polymer Engineering

Medical and polymer engineering, additive manufacturing, cell-based medical engineering

■ The Institute of Medical and Polymer Engineering deals with research CPFVGCEJKPIKPVJGƄGNFQHOGFKECNOCVGTKCNUCPFVJGKTRTQEGUUKPI6JG development of medical plastics with biocompatible and bioactive prop- erties is of particular importance. The Institute is a major contributor to the teaching of the Master’s program in Medical Engineering.

The institute was founded in 2000 by Prof. project develops innovative plastics with Dr. Dr. Erich Wintermantel. Since then the antimicrobial effects. The ‘TheverTec’ focus has been set on the development project deals with the realization of of biocompatible materials and process polymeric tooth coverings. A highlight technologies. After 16 years as the direc- was the successful acquisition of EXIST Prof. Dr. Tim C. Lüth tor of the institute, Prof. Wintermantel left Forschungstransfer Funding by the Med- (interim) the TUM on April 1st 2016. Since then the Tech team AMmedical, which provides the KPUVKVWVGJCUDGGPJGCFGFD[2TQH|.ØVJ EJCKTYKVJHQWTPGYRQUKVKQPUKPVJGƄGNFQH Contact and Dr. Eblenkamp. polymeric additive manufacturing. In 2016 funding for several new research www.medtech.mw.tum.de [email protected] projects were acquired: The ‘AntiMic’ Phone +49.89.289.16753

Research Example: Additive Manufacturing of Systems for Cell-based Medical Engineering

Additive manufacturing enables new pos - trial partner a new printable biocompatible sibilities to produce systems for cell- material was developed and evaluated for 3D-printed bioreactor for tissue based medical engineering. The main the production of innovative bioreactors. cultivation (MedTech) advantages include functional integration The material was tested for biological (sensors and actors), complex miniatur- compatibility (cytotoxicity, genotoxicity/ ized designs as well as high material and mutagenicity, hemocompatibility) with cost savings. However, a fundamental excellent results and was successfully requirement is the development of WUGFVQETGCVGCƄTUVRTKPVGFDKQTGCEVQTVQ biocompatible materials for additive man- store corneal tissue until transplantation. Cultivated cornea tissue in the ufacturing. In collaboration with an indus- 3D-printed bioreactor (MedTech)

Research Example: SmartMold – Assembly-free Integration of IoT Components into Medical Plastic Products

In 2016 the institute was involved in the Zentrum Digitalisierung Bayern (ZD.B) and co-founded the community of practice ‘IoT and Materials’. In this context, the institute explores the possibilities for the destruc- tion-free integration of IoT components in medical plastic parts without assembly. In Micrograph analysis of polymer cooperation with the TUM Department of embedded electronic parts Electrical and Computer Engineering the KPƅWGPEGQHGNGEVTQOCIPGVKEVTCPUOKUUKQP #PCN[UKUQHVJGKPƅWGPEGQHGNGEVTQOCIPGVKEVTCPUOKU- behavior by medically relevant plastics as sion behavior by plastics within an anechoic chamber YGNNCUKVUOQFKƄECVKQPD[VJGFGUKIPQH additively manufactured inner structures of plastic parts is considered.

196 Medical and Polymer Engineering Research Example: Size Accuracy of Injection Molded Plastic Parts

The early prediction and assurance of attribute especially for the production tight part tolerances is an essential quality of medical plastic products. Possible KPƅWGPEKPIRCTCOGVGTUQPVJGVQNGTCPEGU of an injection molded part can be found along the whole development and production process and can be related to part construction/simulation, tool design/ production, the polymer material, and an appropriate injection molding process and Imbalance in the main runner machine technology. Therefore, in collab- CHHGEVKPIVJGUK\GCEEWTCE[QH injection molded plastic parts oration with KME – Kompetenzzentrum (MedTech) Mittelstand GmbH the research project PolyTol has been carried out to provide an Multi-mold for tolerance studies of the injection improved and detailed understanding of molding process (MedTech) VJGUGKPƅWGPEKPIHCEVQTU

Research Focus Management ■ Medical materials Prof. Dr. Tim C. Lüth ■ Polymer technology Dr. Markus Eblenkamp ■ Machine and process technology ■ Cell-based medical engineering Administration ■ Implantology Susanne Wiedl

Competence Research Scientists ■ Polymer processing Franz Bauer, M.Sc. ■ Additive manufacturing Dipl. Ing. Cécile Boudot ■ Material testing, incl. biocompatibility Sarah Burkhardt, M.Sc. ■ Bioreactor designing Katharina Düregger, M.Sc. ■ Blood processing Theresa Fischer, M.Sc. Johannes Gattinger, M.Sc. Infrastructure Dr.-Ing. Miriam Haerst ■ Technical lab (CNC milling machine, Valerie Köhler, M.Sc. water jet cutting, etc.) Stefan Leonhardt, M.Sc. ■ Bio lab (biocompatibility and sterility Christin Rapp, M.Sc. testing) Dipl. Ing. Andreas Robeck ■ Polymer lab (injection molding, extru- Tim Scherzer, M.Sc. sion, compounding, testing) Dipl. Ing. Matthias Schuh ■ 3D lab (DLP, FFF, multijet printers) Dipl. Ing. Valerie Werner ■ Electronic lab (anechoic chamber, Dipl. Ing. Matthias Zeppenfeld micrograph analysis, etc.) Technical Staff Courses Uli Ebner (Master) ■ Introduction in Medical and Polymer Georg Lerchl Technology Ilse Schunn ■ Biocompatible Materials Florian Huber ■ Polymers and Polymer Technology Sahel Yusofzai ■ Trends in Medical Engineering ■ Vascular Systems

Medical and Polymer Engineering 197 Publications 2016

■ Bauer, F., Dikel, H., Eblenkamp, M., Guell, F., ■ Güll F. D., B.F.X., Roth M., Ritschl L. M., Gruber Loeffelbein, D. J. Development of a detachable M., Gau D., Loeffelbein D. J. Postnatales Oberkief- nasal stent to facilitate nasoalveolar molding. 16th erwachstum bei Neugeborenen während der ersten International Conference on Biomedical Engineer- sechs Lebensmonate. LKG Symposium, Deutscher ing. 2016. Singapore. interdisziplinärer Arbeitskreis Lippen-Kiefer-Gau- ■ Bauer, F.X., Gau, D., Guell, F., Eblenkamp, M., menspalten/ Kraniofaziale Anomalien/ German Clef Loeffelbein, D. J. Automated detection of alveolar Palate Craniofacial (GCPA), 2016. Mainz. arches for nasoalveolar molding in cleft lip and pal- ■ Haerst, M. Innovative Extrusion Process for Liquid ate treatment. BMT 2016 ‘Dreiländertagung’ Swiss, Silicone Rubber: Calculation versus Experiment. Austrian and German Societies of Biomedical SPE ANTEC 2016. Indianapolis. Engineering. 2016. Basel. ■ Haerst, M., Ahrens, M., Boudot, C., Eblenkamp, M. ■ Boudot, C., Boccoz, A., Düregger, K., Kuhnla, A. Hydrophilization of Silicone Elastomers for Medical A novel blood incubation system for the in-vitro Applications using Polyethylene Glycol. BMT 2016 assessment of interactions between platelets and ‘Dreiländertagung’ Swiss, Austrian and German DKQOCVGTKCNUWTHCEGUWPFGTF[PCOKEƅQYEQPFKVKQPU Societies of Biomedical Engineering. 2016. Basel. The Hemocoater. Journal of Biomedical Materials ■ Haerst, M.J. Extrusion of Liquid Silicone Rubber. Research – Part A, 2016. in 16th Annual International Polymer Colloquium. ■ Boudot, C., Burkhardt, S., Haerst, S. Long-term sta- 2016. Madison. DNGOQFKƄECVKQPUQHUKNKEQPGGNCUVQOGTHQTKORTQXGF ■ Hearst, M.J., Niederviskose, extrudierte Silikone für hemocompatibility. BMT 2016 ‘Dreiländertagung’ die Medizintechnik. 2016. Swiss, Austrian and German Societies of Biomedi- ■ Koenig, F., Lee, J. S., Akra, B., Hollweck, T., cal Engineering. 2016. Basel. Wintermantel, E., Hagl, C., Thierfelder, N. Is ■ Dhand, C., et al. Bio-inspired in situ crosslinking Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation of Living and mineralization of electrospun collagen scaffolds Tissue-Engineered Valves Feasible? An In Vitro for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials, 2016. Evaluation Utilizing a Decellularized and Reseeded RCIGU| $KQJ[DTKF8CNXG#TVKƄEKCN1TICPU   ■ &ØTGIIGT-2GPI#'DNGPMCOR/+PƅWGPEG RCIGU| of storage conditions on the release of growth ■ Krampe, E.H., M., Wintermantel, E. Entwicklung factors in platelet-rich blood derivatives. BMT 2016 einer patientenoptimierten Bandscheibentotalen- ‘Dreiländertagung’ Swiss, Austrian and German doprothese: Von einer Idee zum Implantatkonzept. Societies of Biomedical Engineering. 2016. Basel. Kunststoffe in der Medizintechnik 2016. Frie- ■ Düregger, K., Gäble, A., Wacker, S., Eblenkamp, drichshafen. M. Development and Biological Evaluation of a ■ Leonhardt, S., Klare, M., Scheer, M., Fischer, T., Spraying Device for Autologous Platelet-Rich Cordes, B., Eblenkamp, M. Biocompatibility of pho- Blood Derivatives. 16th International Conference on topolymers for additive manufacturing. BMT 2016 Biomedical Engineering. 2016. Singapore. ‘Dreiländertagung’ Swiss, Austrian and German ■ Düregger, K., Kreh, J., Eblenkamp, M. Replacement Societies of Biomedical Engineering. 2016. Basel. of Fetal Bovine Serum by Human Blood Serum: ■ Loeffelbein, D.J., Gull, F. D., Bauer, F., Winterman- Fully Automated Serum Production and Effect VGN|'2TGUWTIKECN0CUQCNXGQNCT/QNFKPIHQT%NGHV.KR on Fibroblast Cell Proliferation. 16th International and Palate: The Application of Digitally Designed Conference on Biomedical Engineering. 2016. Molds. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2016. Singapore.   RCIGU|'' ■ Eblenkamp, M., Burkhardt, S., Schuh, M., ■ Micheler, C., Krampe, E., Foehr, P., Haerst, M., Leonhardt, S. 3-D Printed Bioreactors: Perspectives Burgkart, R. Abrasion Tests of a Tribological System and Concepts. BMT 2016 ‘Dreiländertagung’ Swiss, of Total Intervertebral Disc Prosthesis with damp- Austrian and German Societies of Biomedical ening characteristics. BMT 2016 ‘Dreiländertagung’ Engineering. 2016. Basel. Swiss, Austrian and German Societies of Biomedi- ■ Felice, B., Seitz, V., Bach, M., Rapp, C., Winterman- cal Engineering. 2016. Basel. VGN'#PVKOKETQDKCNRQN[OGTU#PVKDCEVGTKCNGHƄECE[ ■ Rapp, C., Baumgärtel, A., Artmann, L., Eblenkamp, of silicone rubber-titanium dioxide composites. M., Asad, S. S. Open air plasma deposited antimi- Journal of Composite Materials, 2016. 0(0 ): ETQDKCN5K1Z6K1ZEQORQUKVGƄNOUHQTDKQOGFKECN RCIGU| applications. in BMT 2016 ‘Dreiländertagung’ ■ Fischer, T. Funktionalisierung von medizinischen Swiss, Austrian and German Societies of Biomed- Materialien mit photokatalytisch wirksamem ical Engineering. 2016. Basel: De Gruyter Current Titandioxid. 4. Photokatalyse-Kolloquium – Trends Directions in Biomedical Engineering 2016. der Photokatalyse für die Praxis. 2016. Hanau. ■ Rapp, C., Klose, M., Eblenkamp, M., Buske, ■ Gattinger, J., Bullemer, C. N., Harrysson, O. L. A. C., Asad, S. S. Atmospheric plasma deposited 2CVKGPVURGEKƄETQQVCPCNQIWGFGPVCNKORNCPVUs silicon based organic/inorganic hybrid coatings on CFFKVKXGOCPWHCEVWTKPICPFƄPKVGGNGOGPVCPCN[UKU stainless steel for medical implants. in BMT 2016 BMT 2016 ‘Dreiländertagung’ Swiss, Austrian and ‘Dreiländertagung’ Swiss, Austrian and German German Societies of Biomedical Engineering. 2016. Societies of Biomedical Engineering. 2016. Basel: Basel: De Gruyter Current Directions in Biomedical De Gruyter Biomedical Engineering/Biomedizinische Engineering 2016. Technik. ■ Gattinger, J., Dorn, M., Zeppenfeld, M. ■ Rapp, C., Baumgärtel, A., Artmann, L., Eblenkamp, Spritzgießsimulation zur Abschätzung der Maßhal- M., Asad, S. S. Open air plasma deposited antimi- tigkeit von Bauteilen aus Mehrkavitätenwerkzeu- ETQDKCN5K1Z6K1ZEQORQUKVGƄNOUHQTDKQOGFKECN gen. Qualitätsgipfel Kunststoffe: Internationale applications. BMT 2016 ‘Dreiländertagung’ Swiss, Fachtagung für Qualität in der Kunststoffbranche. Austrian and German Societies of Biomedical 2016. SKZ Würzburg. Engineering. 2016. Basel.

198 Medical and Polymer Engineering ■ Rau, A., Ritschi, L.M., Güll, F.D., DiBora, B., Wolff, ■ Werner, V., Rehekampff, C., Dengler, S., Zeppen- K.D., Schönberger, M., Bauer, F.X., Wintermantel, feld, M., Eblenkamp, M. Integration of electronic E., and D.J. Loeffelbein. Rapid NAM – CAD/CAM components into medical plastic parts by injection derived Nasoalveolar Molding. 23rd European Asso- molding. BMT 2016 ‘Dreiländertagung’ Swiss, ciation for Cranio Maxillo-Facial Surgery (EACMFS) Austrian and German Societies of Biomedical Congress. 2016. London. Engineering. 2016. Basel. ■ 4KVUEJN./)ØNN(&$CWGT(:9ÒNƅG( ■ Werner, V., Zeppenfeld, M., Eblenkamp, M. Heinrich V., Hedderich D., Rau A., Wolff K. D., SmartMold medical: Integration von IoT-Elektronik Loeffelbein D. J. Evaluation auftretender Kraftvertei- in medizinische Kunststoffbauteile. RFID Anwender- lungen im Rahmen des Nasoalveolären Moldings: abend. 2016. Garching. eine Finite Element Analyse. LKG Symposium, ■ Zeppenfeld, M., Wardenberg, M., Rapp, C., Eblen- Deutscher interdisziplinärer Arbeitskreis Lip- kamp, M. Protection of active implant electronics pen-Kiefer-Gaumenspalten/ Kraniofaziale Anoma- with organosilicon open air plasma coating for lien/ German Clef Palate Craniofacial (GCPA). 2016. plastic overmolding. BMT 2016 ‘Dreiländertagung’ Mainz. Swiss, Austrian and German Societies of Biomedi- ■ Ritschl, L.M., et al. Pitfalls and solutions in virtual cal Engineering. 2016. Basel. design of nasoalveolar molding plates by using ■ Zeppenfeld, M., Hirn, R., Gattinger, J. Vergleich CAD/CAM technology – A preliminary clinical study. moderner Methoden zur Nachdruckumschaltung ,%TCPKQOCZKNNQHCE5WTI  RCIGU| im Spritzgießprozess hinsichtlich Bauteilmaßhaltig- ■ Schuh, M.B., Schubert, B., Eblenkamp, M. Tracer keit. in Qualitätsgipfel Kunststoffe: Internationale gas analysis to quantify natural convection and Fachtagung für Qualität in der Kunststoffbranche. atmosphere exchange in carbon dioxide incubators. 2016. SKZ Würzburg. BMT 2016 ‘Dreiländertagung’ Swiss, Austrian and German Societies of Biomedical Engineering. 2016. Basel. ■ Schuh, M.B., Kirsch, M., Dillman, D., Breuer, F., Eblenkamp, M. Climate retainment in carbon diox- ide incubators. BMT 2016 ‘Dreiländertagung’ Swiss, Austrian and German Societies of Biomedical Engineering. 2016. Basel.

Medical and Polymer Engineering 199 Nuclear Engineering

Nuclear engineering and nuclear safety

■ The focus of the Institute of Nuclear Engineering in 2016 followed the research lines started and developed in 2015. The main topics of our activities are devoted to the development of multi-physics nuclear safety methodologies with coupled code systems; the simulation of the behavior QHRNCPVEQORQPGPVUWPFGTQHHQRGTCVKQPEQPFKVKQPUGZRGTKOGPVCNVYQ RJCUGƅQYVJGTOCNJ[FTCWNKEUVJGFGXGNQROGPVQHWPEGTVCKPV[OGVJ o dologies for multi-physics applications; the simulation of nuclear fuel behavior; the development of advanced molten salt reactor concepts; and VJGFGXGNQROGPVQHCOGVJQFQNQI[HQTVJGEJCTCEVGTK\CVKQPQHNQECNKPUVC- bility in nuclear reactors. Part of this work was conducted in collaboration Prof. Dr. YKVJKPVGTPCVKQPCNTGUGCTEJKPUVKVWVGU %'40-+6+67)45 CPFWPKXGTUKV[ Rafael Macián-Juan, departments. Ph.D. Highlights for 2016 were the initiation of awarded by the European Nuclear Educa- Contact YQTMQPEJGOKECNUGRCTCVKQPQHƄUUKQP tion Network to our Ph.D. student Fabiola

www.ntech.mw.tum.de RTQFWEVUHQTVJGFWCNƅWKFTGCEVQT &(4  Cappia (working at ITU) for her work on [email protected] in collaboration with the IFK Institute high burn-up structure in nuclear fuel. Phone +49.89.289.15621 in Berlin, and the prize for best thesis

Nuclear Reactor Safety Analysis of Current and Future Reactor Designs

One of the lines of research at the institute involves the development and application of methodologies for safety analysis of nuclear reactors. They follow multi-phys- ics approaches by coupling computer codes able to simulate important physical processes driving the behavior of nuclear U[UVGOU(QTVJGƅQYFGUETKRVKQPVJG EQORWVCVKQPCNƅWKFF[PCOKEU %(&  ANSYS-CFX and OpenFOAM are coupled in real time with state-of-the-art multi- dimensional time-dependent neutronic codes (PARCS) which provide a detailed description of the core neutronic behavior. The most important reactor feed-backs are then calculated and the detailed local description obtained of the thermal-hy- FTCWNKEUCPFPGWVTQPƅWZFKUVTKDWVKQPECP be used for full system simulation analysis with codes such as TRACE and ATHLET. In 2016, this research line has been continued through projects which focus Boiling water reactor local stability analysis with a FFT- on the development of uncertainty and based spectral methodology (S. Walser Ph.D. work) sensitivity methodologies for multi-physics applications for liquid metal fast reactors; ities; the development of a novel spectral the development of an advanced model methodology for local analysis of insta- for turbine modeling based on parameter bilities in BWRs; and the development estimation techniques and online sensitiv- of detailed modeling tools for the local

200 Nuclear Engineering FGUETKRVKQPQHPGWVTQPƅWZQUEKNNCVKQPUKP ment of general models with measure- PWR and BWR fuel assemblies. This last ment data (BMWi). project, aims at creating a software tool ■ Development and assessment of meth- that can calculate very detailed neutronic odologies for the analysis of neutron thermal-hydraulic feedback capable of oscillations in PWRs fuel assemblies. taking into account oscillations in modera- (BMWi). VQTEQQNCPVƅQYCPFVJGOQXGOGPVQHVJG ■ Development of a methodology for fuel assemblies. local BWR stability analysis. (StMWFK). ■ SESAME uncertainty analysis applied Projects to liquid lead cooled reactors. ■ 2NCPVURGEKƄEF[PCOKEOQFGNKPIQH (EURATOM). LWR turbo generator sets by adjust-

Experimental Two-Phase Flow Thermal-hydraulics

The Thermal-hydraulics laboratory at the Institute of Nuclear Engineering carries out experiments to provide detailed data for the assessment of the nuclear safety system analysis and CFD codes. The accuracy of their simulations can then be GXCNWCVGFUQVJCVOQFGNKPIFGƄEKGPEKGU ECPDGKFGPVKƄGFCPFDGVVGTOQFGNU developed if needed. For nuclear safety applications, this process is fundamental before the codes’ results can be accepted by the nuclear regulatory authorities. The facilities at the institute deal with very KORQTVCPVVYQRJCUGƅQYRJGPQOGPC UWEJCUEQWPVGTEWTTGPVƅQYYKVJGPVTCKP- ment (COLLIDER) and steam condensation at low pressures (SCUBA). Both facilities CTGTGEQPƄIWTCDNGCPFCTGGSWKRRGFYKVJ state-of-the-art measurement techniques Projects based on fast cameras and laser anemom- ■ SCUBA: Experimental investigation of etry for the characterization of two-phase the condensation phenomena in large interfacial phenomena. The third facility steam bubbles at atmospheric pres- studies condensation phenomena in boiling sure. (E.On Kernkraft) water reactor suppression pools and ■ COLLIDER: Experimental investigation was developed in collaboration with the QHEQWPVGTEWTTGPVƅQYKPCUECNGF Polytechnic University of Madrid. model of the hot leg of a Konvoi PWR. %1..+&'4'ZRGTKOGPVCN(CEKNKV[ (E.On Kernkraft) for research on Counter Current Two-Phase Flow (by Dr. S. Al Issa) ■ Experimental studies of condensation in the suppression pool of BWR reac- tors (with U. Politécnica de Madrid).

Nuclear Engineering 201 Fuel Behavior Analysis

The neutronic, thermal and mechanical O2 and (Th,U)O2 VJGDWTPWRCPFƄUUKQP RGTHQTOCPEGQHPWENGCTHWGNKPƅWGPEGUVJG gas release models were extended for safe and economical operation of nuclear VJQTKWO%QORCTKUQPQHƄUUKQPRTQFWEV reactors decisively. Our research activities distributions, gas release and thermal KPVJKUƄGNFJCXGHQEWUGFQPVJGOQFGNKPI RTQƄNGUYKVJGZRGTKOGPVCNFCVCUJQYGF of fuel and in the validation of computer good performance of the developments. codes that simulate its behavior under a A collaboration with the CEA and E.On wide range of operating and off-operating Kernkraft (today PreusserElektra) on the conditions. behavior of new fuel materials in LWRs is Thus, a project has focused on the investi- on-going and expected to be completed gation of the long-term creep deformation in 2017. of PWR (pressurized water reactor) fuel Fuel assembly bowing and assemblies (FA), commonly known as FA Projects (QTEGUECWUGFD[ƅWKFUVTWEVWTG DQYD[WUKPIVJGƄPKVGGNGOGPVOGVJQF ■ Development of models for the predic- interactions in the core of a PWR (A. Wanninger Ph.D. Work) and fuel structure interactions. This opens tion of thorium-based fuel. (E.On) the way to performing studies of fuel ■ Coupling of TRANSURANUS with assembly displacements and full core DYN3D. (E.On) mechanical oscillations. Research on ■ Experimental and analytical analysis of other types of fuels has expanded the the performance of nuclear fuel under capabilities of the fuel performance code LOCA conditions. (E.On) TRANSURANUS, in collaboration with the ■ Mechanical analysis of bowing in PWR Institute of Transuranium Elements (ITU) in fuel assemblies. (E.On) Karlsruhe, for thorium-based fuels ((Th,Pu)

Development and Design Optimization of the Dual Fluid Reactor (GFR) Concept

6JGFWCNƅWKFTGCEVQT &(4 CPGY concept of nuclear systems based on molten salt reactor (MSR) design has been conceived by the Institute of Solid Matter and Nuclear Physics (IFK) in Berlin with the innovative feature of using a second OQNVGPOGVCNCUEQQNCPV5WEJCEQPƄI- uration confers many advantages com- pared to the MSR and to other current and advanced reactor concepts, which may make the DFR a competitive future design. 6JKUTGCEVQTECPƄUUKQPOKPQTCEVKPKFGU in burnt fuel, thus eliminating the need to monitor nuclear waste for very long peri- QFUQHVKOGCPFKVKUGZVTGOGN[GHƄEKGPVKP the use of nuclear fuel resources through its breeding capability and possibility to use thorium as fuel. Our research, in collaboration with the IFK, has performed design and development studies, both thermal-hydraulic and neutron in the con- Model of the DFR used for thermal-hydraulic and neutronic analyses (Xiang Wang Ph.D. work) text of two Ph.D. projects. Coupled analy-

202 Nuclear Engineering sis computer programs and models based Projects on the codes ATHLET, TRACE-PARCS and ■ Development of a coupled neutronic SERPENT (Monte Carlo transport code) and thermal-hydraulic model for the have been developed which are capable FWCNƅWKFTGCEVQTEQPEGRV OQNVGPUCNV of detailed design optimization and safety coolant). (E.On Kernkraft) analyses of this new reactor concept. ■ Development of a full system ther- Studies have focused on the main safety mal-hydraulic and neutronic model characteristics and the determination of for molten core based reactors. (E.On the feasibility of using different types of Kernkraft) fuels. Also in collaboration with the IFK, Model of a single DFR channel. a new project has started that will study Temperature distribution in molten lead coolant and molten salt core the chemical processing needed for the (Xiang Wang Ph.D. work) QPNKPGGNKOKPCVKQPQHVJGƄUUKQPRTQFWEVU HTQOVJGƅWKFTGCEVQT

Research Focus Courses ■ Thermal-hydraulic and neutronic anal- ■ Introduction to Nuclear Energy ysis of current and advanced nuclear ■ Fundamentals of Nuclear Engineering systems ■ Applications of Radiation to Medicine, ■ Reactor dynamics Research and Industry ■ Nuclear fuel behavior ■ Fundamentals of Thermal-hydraulics in ■ 'ZRGTKOGPVCNVYQRJCUGƅQY Nuclear Systems ■ Radiation transport and radiation ■ Advanced and Future Nuclear Reactor protection systems ■ Medical applications of radiation ■ Radiation Protection ■ Uncertainty analysis ■ Nuclear Fusion Technology ■ Nuclear Safety Seminar Competence ■ Use of System Analysis Codes in ■ Nuclear safety analysis Nuclear Safety ■ 6YQRJCUGƅQYGZRGTKOGPVCNOGCUWTG- ■ Master Program in Nuclear Engineering ments in collaboration with the INSTN Institute ■ Radiation transport and radiation in Saclay, France dosimetry calculations ■ 5KPINGCPFVYQRJCUGƅQYEQORWVC- VKQPCNƅWKFF[PCOKEU ■ Nuclear reactor dynamics

Infrastructure ■ 6JGTOCNJ[FTCWNKEVYQRJCUGƅQY laboratory ■ Computer laboratory with state-of-the- art nuclear safety codes ■ High-perfomance computer cluster

Nuclear Engineering 203 Management Research Scientists Prof. Dr. Rafael Macián-Juan, Director Dr. rer. nat. Martin Ohlerich Dr.-Ing. Suleiman Al Issa Adjunct Professors Dipl.-Ing. Dan-Ovidiu Melinte Prof. Dr. Antonino Cardella M.Sc.-Ing. Du Zhuoqi Dr. rer. nat. Marcus Seidl Dipl.-Ing. Clotaire Geffray Jose Tijero, M.Sc. Administrative Staff Xiang Wang, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Margitta Franke Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Wanninger Petra Popp-Münich Dipl.-Ing. Stefan Walser Xun He, M.Sc.

Technical Staff Andreas Borowski

Publications 2016

Journal Papers Conference Papers ■ Cappia, F., Pizzocri, D., Schubert, A., Van Uffelen, ■ Janin, D., Seidl, M., Soldevila, M., Douce, S., P., Paperini, G., Pellottiero, D., Macián-Juan, R., Arnaud, G., Damian, F., Poinot, C., Macian, R., Rondinella, V.V., ‘Critical assessment of the pore ‘HCSMR fuel assembly optimization with APOLLO2 size distribution in the rim region of high burnup and URANIE codes’, Proc. of PHYSOR 2016, 4,

UO2 fuels’, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 480, 138- 2497-2507, Sun Valley, ID, USA (2016). 149, (2016). ■ Janin, D., Seidl, M., Soldevila, M., Douce, S., Brun, ■ Cappia, F., Pizzocri, D.ac, Marchetti, M., Schubert, E., Damian, F., Poinot, C., Macian, R., ‘HCSMR fuel A., Van Uffelen, P., Luzzi, L., Papaioannou, D., assembly computations with apollo2 and Tripoli-4® Macián-Juan, R., Rondinella, V.V., ‘Microhardness codes’, Proc. of ICAPP 2016, 1, 577-583, San

and Young’s modulus of high burn-up UO2 fuel’, Francisco, CA, USA (2016) Journal of Nuclear Materials, 479, 447-454, (2016). ■ Wanninger, A., Seidl, M., and Macián-Juan, R., ■ Al Issa, S., Macian-Juan, R, ‘Experimental ‘Development of Computational Methods to investigation and CFD validation of countercurrent Describe the Mechanical Behavior of PWR Fuel ƅQYNKOKVCVKQP %%(. KPCNCTIGFKCOGVGT294 Assemblies’, Jahrestagung Kerntechnik, Hamburg, hot-leg geometry’, Journal of Nuclear Science and Germany (2016). Technology, 53-5, 647-655, (2016). ■ Wanninger, A., Seidl, M., and Macián-Juan, R., ■ Frankl, M., Macián-Juan, R., ‘Photonuclear ‘Screening sensitivity analysis of a PWR fuel benchmarks of C, Al, Cu, Ta, Pb, and U from the assembly FEM structural model’, Top Fuel 2016, ENDF/B-VII cross-section library ENDF7U using Boise, USA (2016). MCNPX’, Nuclear Science and Engineering, 183-1, ■ Al Issa, S. and Macian-Juan, R., ‘CCFL characteris- 135-142, (2016). tics and droplets entrainment ratio in a 1/3.9 down- ■ Knebel, M., Mercatali, L., Sanchez, V., Stieglitz, scaled model of a PWR hot-leg pipe geometry’, R., Macian-Juan, R., ‘Validation of the Serpent NUTHOS-11 Conference, Gyeongju, Korea (2016). 2-DYNSUB code sequence using the Special Power ■ Papukchiev, A., Geffray, C., Grischenko, D., and Excursion Reactor Test III (SPERT III)’, Annals of Kudinov, P., ‘Application and Validation of the Nuclear Energy, 91, 79-91, (2016). Multiscale Code ATHLET-ANSYS CFX for Transient ■ Holt, L., Rohde, U., Kliem, S., Baier, S., Seidl, M., Flows in Next Generation Reactors’, CFD4NRS-6 Van Uffelen, P., Macián-Juan, R., ‘Investigation of 2016, Cambridge, MA, USA (2016). feedback on neutron kinetics and thermal hydrau- ■ Geffray, C., ‘Sensitivity analysis and uncertainty lics from detailed online fuel behavior modeling SWCPVKƄECVKQP/GVJQFUCPFVQQNU'ZRGTKOGPVCN during a boron dilution transient in a PWR with and simulation uncertainties’, SESAME.- V&V and the two-way coupled code system DYN3D-TRAN- U, Stockholm, Sweden (2016). SURANUS’, Nuclear Engineering and Design, 297, 32-43, (2016). ■ Arredondo, R., Moreno, R., Ploeckl, B., Birkenmeier, G., Hermann, A., Kocsis, G., Laggner, F.M., Lang, P.T., Lunt, T., Macian-Juan, R., Rohde, V., Sellmair, G., Szepesi, T., Wolfrum, E., Zeidner, W., Neu, R., ‘A Compact Lithium Pellet Injector for Tokamak 2GFGUVCN5VWFKGUKP#5&':7RITCFGo5EKGPVKƄE Instruments, (2016).

204 Nuclear Engineering Vibroacoustics of Vehicles and Machines

Vibroacoustics, acoustics of vehicles, experimental acoustics, computational acoustics (FEM/BEM), structural F[PCOKEUCPFUVTWEVWTGDQTPGUQWPFWPEGTVCKPV[SWCPVKƄECVKQPFCOCIGFGVGEVKQPCEQWUVKERQTQWUOCVGTKCNU

■ The year 2016 was a unique opportunity for the Chair of Vibroacoustics QH8GJKENGUCPF/CEJKPGUHQWPFGFQPUV,WN[VQGZVGPFKVUCEVKXK- VKGUKPTGUGCTEJGUVCDNKUJOGPVQHVGUVHCEKNKVKGUCPFVGCEJKPI6JGRTQORV GORJCUKUYCUQPPGYJQTK\QPUKPTGUGCTEJD[FGXGNQRKPIPGYOQFGNU adopting real engineering vibroacoustic problems. The Chair collaborated closely with partners from diverse national and international universities and industry in 2016 to ensure research opportunities. This allows us to FGXGNQRQWTPGYN[GUVCDNKUJGF%JCKTPQVQPN[KPTGUGCTEJCPFVGCEJKPI DWVCNUQVQƄPFPGYHWPFUVQGORNQ[PGYUVCHHOGODGTU

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Research Steffen Marburg

(IFEM) achieved new perspectives (see Contact Fig. 3). www.vib.mw.tum.de In addition to ongoing projects, this year [email protected] two new projects, funded by DFG, have Phone +49.89.289.55121 DGGPFGƄPGFVQFGXGNQRPGYUVTCVGIKGU for modeling and realization of the struc- tural damping. Concerning lightweight

Fig. 2: The impact of damping uncertainty on the HTGSWGPE[TGURQPUGHWPEVKQP (4( QHƄDGTTGKPHQTEGF composite structures

The research activities of the Chair in 2016 covered a range of topics in com- putational vibroacoustic problems and developing new algorithms in numerical CEQWUVKERTQDNGOUWPEGTVCKPV[SWCPVKƄ- cation in structural vibroacoustic analysis, aeroacoustics and room acoustics. The efforts to approach more realistic vi- broacoustic models for complex machines and structures have been also continued (KI&GXGNQRKPIOQTGGHƄEKGPV via ongoing BFS and DFG projects. The numerical FEM vibracoustic mod- els for car engine and transforma- endeavor on achieving practical and more structures, acoustic radiation damping tion unit (BFS project) GHƄEKGPVOQFGNUHQT('/XKDTQCEQWUVKE may be of a similar or even higher mag- simulations of entire car engine and trans- nitude than other damping mechanisms. formation unit lead to new completion (see 6JGƄTUVRTQLGEVKUFKTGEVGFVQKPXGUVKICVG Fig. 1). The developing novel numerical such cases and to provide mathematical WPEGTVCKPV[SWCPVKƄECVKQPOGVJQFUKP formulations which allow one to consider engineering and science in this year yield acoustic radiation damping in a pure- to new horizons. The so-called non-sam- ly structural model although the actual pling based stochastic analysis has been physics would require a coupled struc- CFQRVGFHQTXKDTQCEQWUVKECPCN[UKUQHƄD- tural acoustic model. The second project er-reinforced composites having random focuses on the damping modeling in ƄDGTQTKGPVCVKQPUCPFFCORKPIRCTCOGVGTU wearing joints and systems involving fric- (cf. ref. 8 and Fig. 2). The investigations tion-induced vibrations. While vibrations on modeling of exterior acoustic problems usually decay with time owing to damping, WUKPIVJGKPƄPKVGƄPKVGGNGOGPVOGVJQF friction-induced instabilities cause positive

Vibroacoustics of Vehicles and Machines 205 Actual Research Projects ■ Development of the sound-optimized Pianissimo stages (ZIM, SBS+FH Zwickau) ■ Decoupling coupled structural-acous- tic systems: Investigation of structural acoustic damping mechanisms (DFG) ■ Nonlinear time series analysis using $C[GUKCPTGEWTTGPEGRNQVSWCPVKƄECVKQP to analyze the dynamics of friction-in- Fig. 3: Room acoustical modes: additional eigenvectors can be found in unbounded domains duced vibrations, in particular wear and FCORKPIKPCTVKƄEKCNU[PQXKCNLQKPVU &() and energy-providing positive system ■ Modal quantities and their usage for damping. The project goals are to employ evaluation of radiated sound power and develop novel numerical methods to (DFG) model the damping and measures and ■ Sound emission of multi-layer compo- invariant estimations allow the numerical sites with nonlinear and local varying simulation to be updated further, both damping properties (DFG) evidence- and response-based and in a ■ +PPQXCVKXGCPFOQTGGHƄEKGPVUVTCVGI[QP top-down approach. modeling vibroacoustic systems (BFS)

Experimental Test Facility

One of the major goals for the Chair in and one multi-channel data acquisition 2016 was to establish experimental and system with 50 parallel channels. Both test facilities in order to validate numerical applications were accepted and the Chair simulations and developed models in the proceeded with the purchasing procedure ƄGNFQHXKDTQCEQWUVKEU6JGTGHQTGOQUV of: GPFGCXQTUKPYGTGOWEJKPƅWGPEGF ■ The 3D-scanning laser Doppler vibrom- by the procurement of new measure- eter (LDV) from Polytec (see Fig. 4), will ment and post-processing equipment. be established by the end of 2016, and Accordingly, two grant applications have ■ The multi-channel data acquisition been submitted to the DFG to receive system, will be completed by the end of additional funding for the purchase of two February 2017. large measurement systems, namely one 3D-scanning-laser-Doppler-velocimeter Some experiments possible to conduct are listed below: ■ Contact free vibrational measurements of three dimensional surface velocity of structures ■ Experimental modal analysis based on frequency response functions (LDV + ME’scope) ■ Operational modal analysis based on contact free measurements (LDV + ME’scope) ■ 1RGTCVKQPCNFGƅGEVKQPUJCRGOGCUWTG- ments ■ Contact free measuring of Lamb wave propagation up to 10Mhz Fig. 4: 3D-scanning laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) ■ Sound wave visualization

206 Vibroacoustics of Vehicles and Machines Teaching

Various courses, training and workshop Courses modules have been developed and offered ■ An Introduction to Vibroacoustics at graduate and undergraduate levels ■ Computational Acoustics during this year. The focus was on diverse ■ Applied FEM in Vibroacoustics topics relating analytical, numerical mod- ■ Stochastic Finite Element Method in eling of acoustic problems and stochastic Vibroacoustics Analysis FEM simulation of the vibroacoustic sys- ■ Modeling in Vibroacoustics tems having random and uncertain para - ■ Sound Radiation meters. This provides new practical learn- ■ Colloquium on Acoustics ing opportunities for students. ■ Philosophy of Nature and the Philo- sophical Basis of Acoustics

Research Focus Management ■ Computational acoustics (FEM, BEM) Prof. Dr.-Ing. Steffen Marburg ■ Virtual prototyping ■ +FGPVKƄECVKQPQHWPEGTVCKPRCTCOGVGTU Administrative Staff ■ Lightweight material characterization Elke Reichardt ■ Non-destructive testing for damage detection Senior Lecturer ■ 5QWPFRTQRCICVKQPKPƅQY Dr.-Ing. Kheirollah Sepahvand ■ Normal modes in external acoustics ■ Acoustics in porous media Academic Staff Suhaib Baydoun, M.Sc. Competence Dr. phil. Monika Gatt-Walter ■ Vibrational and acoustical measure- Christian Geweth, M.Sc. ments Dipl.-Ing. Marcus Güttler ■ Computational acoustics (FEM, BEM) Patrick Langer, M.Eng. ■ Modal analysis Lennart Moheit, M.Sc. ■ Vibroacoustic simulation Ferina Saati Khosroshahi, M.Sc. ■ Fluid-structure interaction ■ Self-sustained vibrations ■ Structural-acoustic optimization ■ +FGPVKƄECVKQPQHCFOKVVCPEGDQWPFCT[ conditions

Infrastructure ■ 3D laser Doppler scanning vibrometer (Polytec) ■ Multichannel measurement system (B&K) ■ Acoustic camera (B&K)

Vibroacoustics of Vehicles and Machines 207 Selected Publications 2016

■ K. Weisheit and S. Marburg. Calculation of the ■ S. Marburg, The Burton and Miller method: Unlock- Response of a Periodically Excited Beam with ing another mystery of its coupling parameter, Jour- Frictional Contact Using Harmonic Balance Method, nal of Computational Acoustics 24 (01), 1550016, Procedia IUTAM 19, 282-288, 2016. 2016. ■ D. Liu, H. Peters, S. Marburg and N. Kessissoglou. ■ J. Yang, B. Faverjon, D. Dureisseix, P. Swider, S. Surface contributions to scattered sound power Marburg and H. Peters, Prediction of the intram- using non-negative intensity, The Journal of the embranous tissue formation during perisprosthetic Acoustical Society of America 140 (2), 1206-1217, healing with uncertainties. Part 2. Global clinical 2016. healing due to combination of random sources, ■ M. Klaerner, M. Wuehrl, L. Kroll and S. Marburg, Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedi- FEA-based methods for optimising structure-borne cal engineering, 1-8, 2016. sound radiation, Mechanical Systems and Signal ■ M. Klaerner, M. Wuehrl, L. Krol and S. Marburg, Processing, in Press, 2016. Modelling and FEA-simulation of the anisotropic ■  )(GPFGT5/CTDWTICPF(&WFFGEM+FGPVKƄEC- damping of thermoplastic composites, Advances in tion of a Set of Candidate Solutions for Optimal aircraft and spacecraft science 3 (3), 331-349, 2016. Positioning of Damping Layers, SAE International ■ J. Yang, B. Faverjon, H. Peters, S. Marburg and N. Journal of Passenger Cars – Mechanical Systems, Kessissoglou, Deterministic and stochastic model 9, 2016. order reduction for vibration analyses of structures ■ P. Croaker, N. Kessissoglou and S. Marburg, Aer- with uncertainties, Journal of Vibration and Acous- oacoustic Scattering Using a Particle Accelerated tics Computational Fluid Dynamics/Boundary Element ■ L. Chen, H. Chen, C. Zheng and S. Marburg, Struc- Technique, AIAA Journal, 1-18, 2016. tural–acoustic sensitivity analysis of radiated sound ■ D. Liu, H. Peters, S. Marburg and N. Kessissoglou. RQYGTWUKPICƄPKVGGNGOGPVFKUEQPVKPWQWUHCUV Supersonic intensity and non-negative intensity for multipole boundary element scheme, International prediction of radiated sound, The Journal of the Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, Acoustical Society of America 139 (5), 2797-2806, ■ S. Marburg. Structural–Acoustic Optimization. 2016. Engineering Vibroacoustic Analysis: Methods and ■ S. Marburg, Numerical Damping in the Acoustic Applications. Ed. by S.H. Sung, S.A. Hambric and Boundary Element Method, Acta Acustica united D.J. Nefske. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2016. with Acustica 102 (3), 415-418, 2016. Chap. 9, pp. 268-304, 2016. ■  -5GRCJXCPF5RGEVTCNUVQEJCUVKEƄPKVGGNGOGPVXK- ■ K. Sepahvand and S. Marburg. Random and Sto- DTCVKQPCPCN[UKUQHƄDGTTGKPHQTEGFEQORQUKVGUYKVJ chastic Structural Acoustic Analysis. Engineering TCPFQOƄDGTQTKGPVCVKQP%QORQUKVG5VTWEVWTGU Vibroacoustic Analysis: Methods and Applications. 145, 119-128, 2016. Ed. by S.H. Sung, S.A. Hambric and D.J. Nefske. ■ S.K. Saha, K. Sepahvand, V.A. Matsagar, A.K. Jain New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2016. Chap. 10, and S. Marburg, Fragility Analysis of Base-Isolated RR| Liquid Storage Tanks under Random Sinusoidal Base Excitation Using Generalized Polynomial Chaos Expansion–Based Simulation, Journal of Structural Engineering, 04016059, 2016. ■ M. Stache, M. Guettler and S. Marburg, A precise PQPFGUVTWEVKXGFCOCIGKFGPVKƄECVKQPVGEJPKSWGQH long and slender structures based on modal data, Journal of Sound and Vibration 365, 89-101, 2016.

208 Vibroacoustics of Vehicles and Machines Plasma Material Interaction

Properties and optimisation of materials facing high temperature plasmas

■ The highlight for the Plasma Material Interaction Group in 2016 was the commissioning of a new scanning electron microscope which allows the OCPKRWNCVKQPQHUCORNGUYKVJWRVQMIYGKIJVCPFCUK\GQHWRVQZ ZOO

Prof. Dr. Rudolf Neu

Contact

www.pmw.mw.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.3299.1899 (KI:0GYUECPPKPIGNGEVTQPOKETQUEQRG NGHV GSWKRRGFYKVJCUVCIG TKIJVYKVJOQWPVGFRNCUOCHCEKPIEQORQ- nent) capable of handling large specimens

The highlight for the Plasma Material new device is the specimen stage which Interaction Group in 2016 was the allows the manipulation of samples with commissioning of a new scanning electron up to 10 kg weight and a size of up to microscope (SEM) equipped with a 450 x 200 x 65 mm³. This will enable us focused ion beam (FIB) and combined to perform investigation on complete com- energy and wavelength dispersive x-ray ponents without cutting them into small spectroscopy (EDX/WDX). Scanning samples, opening up the comparison of electron microscopy is one of the major the pre- and post-exposure status and tools for the investigation of materials allowing truly non-destructive analysis. which were exposed to plasma, because The WDX feature provides us with com- it allows high lateral resolution where other position maps with highest resolution for diagnostics deliver only area averaged the elements involved. properties. The outstanding feature of the

Self-Passivating Tungsten-Alloys as First Wall Material in Fusion Devices

An interesting application of the SEM is For solar thermal power plants these W the investigation of so-called self-pas- alloys might be used as material for the sivating tungsten alloys after oxidation. thermally highly loaded receiver avoiding Such W alloys typically consist of tungsten strong corrosion. (W), chromium (Cr) and small amounts of Fig. X2 shows a sample of W-10Cr-2Ti titanium (Ti) or yttrium (Y). They are the alloy (numbers given in wt. %) before subject of present day research because and after exposure to 20% O2/80% Ar at these alloys could strongly suppress the Œ%HQTJQWTU1PVJGƅCVUWTHCEGU formation of WO3 at temperatures above only small oxidized areas can be found 800 °C. This might be important in a whereas at the edges oxidation is clearly potential loss of cooling incident together visible. Obviously, the passivating Cr2O3 with additional air or water ingress in layer, although reducing the parabolic oxi- the vacuum chamber of a future fusion dation rate at 800 °C by a factor of about reactor: self-passivating W alloys would 300, is not stable at 1000 °C and oxidation strongly reduce the emission of activated of W progresses from the weakest points. W in the form of volatile tungsten oxide.

Plasma Material Interaction 209 Fig. X2: Sample of W-10Cr-2Ti CNNQ[DGHQTGCPFCHVGTGZRQUWTG

to 20% O2#TCVŒ%HQT 4 hours.

Fig. X3 shows a focused ion beam (FIB) for 60 hours. Below the (smooth) Pt/C cross section through the surface of cover layer, which is applied in the SEM W-10Cr-05Y alloy (produced by hipping to allow better preparation of the FIB and subsequent thermal treatment by cut, a sequence of (oxide) layers could our collaborator from CEIT-IK4, Spain) DGKFGPVKƄGFD['&:6JGWRRGTUWTHCEG after exposure to synthetic air at 800 °C of the sample is protected by a thin,

almost continuous Cr2O3 layer, slowing

FQYPGHƄEKGPVN[VJGHQTOCVKQPQH913. In several gravimetric experiments using a thermo-balance, a reduction of the parabolic oxidation rate by a factor of 10000 compared to pure W is observed in the temperature from 800 to 1000 °C for the yttrium containing alloy, providing very (KI:5'/(+$ETQUUUGEVKQP promising perspectives for its use as a of the surface of W-10Cr-05Y ƄTUVYCNNOCVGTKCNKPHWUKQP *+2 JQVKUQUVCVKERTGUUKPI  temperature treated (TT) alloy after GZRQUWTGVQ1 #TCV 2 Project Œ%HQTJQWTU ■ Supported by EUROfusion (2016)

Tungsten-Copper Composites as Advanced Heat Sink Materials for Plasma Facing Components

The exhaust of power and particles is candidates regarding the application to regarded as a major challenge in view of the heat sink of highly loaded PFCs. Dur- VJGFGUKIPQHCOCIPGVKEEQPƄPGOGPV ing the last years considerable progress nuclear fusion demonstration power plant has been achieved regarding the manu- (DEMO). In such a reactor, highly loaded facturing and characterisation of such plasma facing components (PFCs) have to W-Cu composite materials produced by YKVJUVCPFUGXGTGRCTVKENGCPFJGCVƅWZCU OGCPUQHNKSWKF%WOGNVKPƄNVTCVKQPQHQRGP well as considerable neutron irradiation. porous W preforms. Fig. X4 (left) shows a Existing PFC designs make use of mono- micrograph of a W-Cu composite consist- lithic tungsten (W) and copper (Cu) mate- ing 60 wt% W – 40wt.% Cu manufactured rial grades. Such an approach, however, D[KPƄNVTCVKPIRQYFGTOGVCNNWTIKECNN[ DGCTUGPIKPGGTKPIFKHƄEWNVKGUCU9CPF produced W skeletons. It can be seen that Cu are materials with inherently different VJGOCVGTKCNKUHWNN[KPƄNVTCVGFYKVJ%WCPF thermo-mechanical properties and their does not show any porosity, which is a optimum operating temperature windows prerequisite for acceptable thermo-phys- do not overlap. Against this background, ical and mechanical properties of the W-Cu composite materials are promising material.

210 Plasma Material Interaction Fig. X4: Left: Micrograph of a 60wt.% W – 40wt.% Cu composite metal. Right: Mock-up of a PFC consisting of a W-Cu YVYV EQORQUKVG metal heat sink and castellated W armour tiles bonded to the heat UKPMFWTKPI%WOGNVKPƄNVTCVKQP The thermal conductivity of the compos- JKIJJGCVƅWZVGUVHCEKNKV[).#&+5CV KVGUJCUDGGPOGCUWTGFD[NCUGTƅCUJ MW/m² for 300 pulses. Figure X5 shows analysis for different W/Cu compositions. the mock-up during the test reaching It increases (as expected) with increasing maximum temperatures of 1020 °C. The Cu content and at a composition of mock-up passed the tests successfully 60wt.%W-40wt.%Cu the thermal con- without any defect. ductivity reaches ~260 W/mK at room #UCPCNVGTPCVKXG9ƄDTGTGKPHQTEGF%W temperature decreasing to values slightly (Wf-Cu) composites were manufactured below 240 W/mK at 1000 °C, being about based on textile technologically using a factor 2 above the one of pure W. ƄDTQWURTGHQTOU#UKPVJGECUGQH9ƄDTG reinforced W (described in last year’s TGRQTV VJGTGKPHQTEKPIƄDTGUCTGEQO- mercially available drawn potassium (K) doped W wires (OSRAM GmbH, Schwab- OØPEJGP 6JG[GZJKDKVXGT[DGPGƄEKCN mechanical properties due to their micro- (KI:9%W92(%OQEMWR UJQYPKP(KI: FWT- structure which consists of elongated KPIVJGRWNUGQHCJKIJJGCVƅWZVGUVYKVJ/9 and intertwined grains resulting from the OŽRQYGTFGPUKV[ VJGOCZKOWOUWTHCEGVGORGTCVWTG OGCUWTGFD[CVYQEQNQWTR[TQOGVGTYCUŒ%  drawing process during manufacturing. The tensile strength is about 2.7 GPa for 6JGWNVKOCVGƅGZWTCNUVTGPIVJQH9%W ƄDTGUYKVJCFKCOGVGTQH‘O VGUVGF composite was measured (by our collab- in an as fabricated state at room temper- orators at the Universidad Politecnica de ature) showing ductile fracture behaviour Madrid) by means of three point bending (even for annealing temperatures of up to tests for temperatures up to 800 °C under 1900 °C). Fig. X6 shows the transversal high vacuum conditions. The strength and axial cross sections of a Wf-Cu cool- increases with increasing W content and KPIRKRGRTQFWEGFD[%WKPƄNVTCVKQPKPVQ Fig. X6: Micrographs (left: trans- decreases with increasing test temper- a braided tube consisting of 23 braiding XGTUCNTKIJVCZKCN QHCEQRRGTJGCV sink pipe reinforced by continuous atures. W/Cu composite of 70wt.%W- layers with regular 2/2 twill weave repeat 9ƄDTGDTCKFKPIU 30wt.%Cu – which corresponds to pattern. In order to assess the properties approximately 50vol.%W-50vol.%Cu of this composite, simulations based on sGZJKDKVUCƅGZWTCNUVTGPIVJQHOQTGVJCP homogenisation of a representative vol- 1000 MPa at room temperature and still ume element (RVE) were performed taking more than 600 MPa at a testing tempera- KPVQCEEQWPVVJGURGEKƄEƄDTGCTEJKVGEVWTG ture of 425 °C indicating good mechanical The calculation show that the mechanical performance. RGTHQTOCPEGCV|Œ%KUUKIPKƄECPVN[ Finally, a mock-up of an actively cooled enhanced compared to CuCrZr, especially plasma facing component has been in the hoop direction (more than a factor produced (Louis Renner GmbH, Dachau) QHVYQ CNTGCF[CVCƄDTGXQNWOGHTCEVKQP consisting of a W-Cu (70 wt.%/30 wt.%) of 0.2. composite as heat sink and castellated W armour tiles bonded to the heat sink Project FWTKPI%WOGNVKPƄNVTCVKQP UGG(KI: ■ Supported by EUROfusion (2016) right). This mock-up was tested in our

Plasma Material Interaction 211 Research Focus Courses ■ Detailed understanding of complex ■ Plasma Physics for Engineers interaction processes between plasma ■ Plasma Material Interaction and material ■ Development of novel materials with Research Group at: improved properties Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik ■ Integration of new materials into funded by MPG/HGF and supported by plasma-facing components EUROfusion

Competence Management ■ Measurement and modeling of erosion, Prof. Dr. Rudolf Neu surface composition and hydrogen retention of materials Research Scientists ■ Laboratory-scale production of thin (MPI für Plasmaphysik) coatings Dr. rer. nat. Martin Balden ■ Laboratory-scale production of tungs- Dr. Aleksander Drenik VGPƄDTGTGKPHQTEGFOCVGTKCNU Dipl.-Phys. Stefan Elgeti ■ Performance and analysis of high Dipl.-Ing. Hanns Gietl JGCVƅWZVGUVUQHKPGTVKCNN[CPFCEVKXGN[ Dipl.-Ing. Henri Greuner cooled materials and components Georg Holzner, M.Sc. ■ Thermo-mechanical analysis of high Dipl.-Phys. Till Höschen JGCVƅWZEQORQPGPVU Dipl.-Chem. Freimut Koch Dr. rer. nat. Karl Krieger Infrastructure Dr.-Ing. Muyan Li ■ Accelerator for surface analysis Dr. rer. nat. Hans Maier ■ *KIJJGCVƅWZKQPDGCOVGUVUVCPF Dipl.-Ing. Alexander von Müller ■ Manipulator in the fusion device ASDEX Dr.-Ing. Johann Riesch Upgrade Dr. rer. nat. Volker Rohde ■ Scanning electron microscopy (SEM apl. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jeong-Ha You with focused ion beam (FIB), energy and wavelength disp. X-ray spectrosc. Technical Staff (EDX/WDX), electron backsc. diffract. Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Bernd Böswirth (EBSD)) for loads up to 10 kg Gabriele Matern ■ Atomic force microscope (AFM) ■ X-ray diffraction (XRD) ■ Confocal laser scanning microscope ■ Photo electron spectroscopy (XPS) ■ Magnetron sputter devices ■ .CUGTƅCUJCPCN[UKU ■ Vacuum ovens for thermal treatment and desorption ■ Micro indenter

212 Plasma Material Interaction Publications 2016

■ J.W. Coenen, J. Engels, S. Heuer, A. Houben, B. ■ V. Bobkov, F. Braun, R. Dux, A. Herrmann, H. Jasper, et al., ‘Materials for DEMO and reactor Faugel, H. Fünfgelder, et al., ‘First experimental applications – boundary conditions and new results with 3-strap ICRF antennas in ASDEX concepts’, Phys. Scr. T167 (2016) 014002 Upgrade’, Nucl. Fusion 56 (2016) 084001 ■ A. Hakola, J. Karhunen, M. Groth, A. Herrmann, K. ■ J. Riesch, J. Almanstötter, J. Coenen, M. Fuhr, H. Krieger, et al., ‘Gross and net erosion of tungsten Gietl, et al., ‘Properties of drawn W wire used as in the outer strike-point of ASDEX Upgrade’, Phys. JKIJRGTHQTOCPEGƄDTGKPVJGPQXGNJKIJVGORGT- Scr. T167 (2016) 014026 CVWTGOCVGTKCNVWPIUVGPƄDTGTGKPHQTEGFVWPIUVGP ■ J. Riesch, J.W. Coenen, T.Hoeschen, B.Jasper, P. composite’, IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science

Plasma Material Interaction 213 Thermo-Fluid Dynamics

/QFGNNKPICPFUKOWNCVKQPQHVJGTOQƅWKFF[PCOKERJGPQOGPCKPGPGTI[CPFRTQEGUUVGEJPQNQI[

■ In 2016 important results on intrinsic thermoacoustic feedback and advective waves in combustion dynamics and combustion noise were obtained. The formulation of interconnected state space models for VJGTOQ CEQWUVKERJGPQOGPCOCFGUKIPKƄECPVRTQITGUU

Highlights ■ Ralf Blumenthal was awarded the ■ Wolfgang Polifke served as Chair of the Dissertation Prize of the Faculty of Colloquium ‘Gas Turbine Combustion’ Mechanical Engineering for his doctoral at the ‘36th Int. Symposium on Com- thesis ‘A systems view on non-normal bustion’ and was appointed member of transient growth in thermoacoustics’ the editorial board of ‘Combustion and Prof. ■ Extended visit by Prof. José Velasquez Flame’ Wolfgang Polifke, Ph.D. (UTFPR, Brazil) since March

Contact

www.tfd.mw.tum.de [email protected] Advective Waves Phone +49.89.289.16216 +49.89.289.16217 We have revisited the conservation equa- acoustic interactions are of a fundamental tions of mass, momentum and energy nature, but provide important information CETQUUCOQXKPIRTGOKZGFƅCOGHTQPV for the proper formulation of analysis and and could thus resolve some paradoxical design tools for thermoacoustic stability. results concerning the coupling conditions CETQUUCƅCOGKPVJGNKOKVQH\GTQ/CEJ Key Publications number and the generation of entropy ■ Strobio Chen, L., Bomberg, S., Polifke, YCXGUD[CƅCOG W., 2016. Propagation and Generation of Acoustic and Entropy Waves Across a Moving Flame Front. Comb. and Flame 166, 170-180 ■ Strobio Chen, L., Steinbacher, T., Silva, C., Polifke, W., 2016. On Generation of Entropy Waves Across a Premixed Flame, GT2016-57026, in: Proceedings of ASME 2016 Turbo Expo, Seoul, Korea ■ Albayrak, A., Blumenthal, R.S., Ulhaq, A., Polifke, W., 2016. An Analytical Model for the Impulse Response of Laminar Premixed Flames to Equiv- 5VTGCONKPGUCETQUUCRTGOKZ alence Ratio Perturbations, in: 36th ƅCOGHTQPV#FXGEVKXGFKHHWUKXG An analytical, time-domain model for Int. Symposium on Combustion. dispersion of entropy waves develops along the stream lines VJGTGURQPUGQHRTGOKZGFƅCOGUVQHWGN Combustion Institute. doi:10.1016/j. HTQO5VTQDKQGVCN#5/' inhomogeneities was formulated, which proci.2016.06.002 provides insight into the important interac- ■ Albayrak, A., Polifke, W., 2016. Prop- tions between convective transport of fuel agation Velocity of Inertial Waves in and the kinematic balance at a propagat- Cylindrical Swirling Flow, 23nd Int. KPIƅCOG(WTVJGTOQTGKVYCUUJQYPVJCV Congress on Sound and Vibration perturbations of swirl in a premix duct are (ICSV23). IIAV, Athens, Greece. inertial waves, which propagate at a speed VJCVKUPQVGSWCNVQVJGOGCPƅQYXGNQEKV[ Projects 6JGUGKPXGUVKICVKQPUQHƅQYƅCOG ■ Marie Curie FP7 IPN TANGO, FVV

214 Thermo-Fluid Dynamics Interconnected State-Space Models for Thermo- and Aero-Acoustics

Continued efforts to develop a state- Key Publications space-based modelling framework for ■ Emmert, T., Meindl, M., Jaensch, S., generation, transmission and scattering of Polifke, W., 2016b. Linear State Space UQWPFKPFWEVGFEQPƄIWTCVKQPUOCFGXGT[ Interconnect Modelling of Acoustic UKIPKƄECPVRTQITGUUKP6JGKPJQWUG Systems. Ac0at Acustica united with toolbox taX provides a user-friendly Acustica 102, 824-833. framework for the monolithic integration ■ Meindl, M., Emmert, T., Polifke, W., of a wide range of models. The use of 'HƄEKGPVECNEWNCVKQPQHVJGTOQ sparse matrix techniques combined with acoustic modes utilizing state-space the discontinuous Galerkin method for models, 23nd Int. Congress on Sound Acoustic eigenmode in an annular acoustic perturbation equations yields and Vibration (ICSV23). Athens, Greece. topology computed with taX (from /GKPFNGVCN+%58 WPRTGEGFGPVGFURGGFOGOQT[GHƄEKGPE[ accuracy and robustness. Generation, Projects propagation and dissipation of sound in ■ FVV, SFB/TRR40 combustion chambers, ventilation ducts or exhaust systems as well as related instabilities may now be modelled in a ƅGZKDNGCPFXGT[GHƄEKGPVOCPPGT

Intrinsic Thermoacoustic Feedback

In 2015, seminal results on intrinsic applied interest, with possibly profound thermoacoustic feedback in anechoic consequences for passive control strate- combustors were published by our group. gies. Subsequent work explored the impact on broadband combustion noise on the Key Publications one hand, and the stability of combustion ■ Emmert, T., Bomberg, S., Jaensch, EJCODGTUYKVJPQP\GTQTGƅGEVKQPEQGH S., Polifke, W., 2016a. Acoustic and ƄEKGPVUQPVJGQVJGT+PDQVJECUGUQWT Intrinsic Thermoacoustic Modes of a results show that intrinsic modes will in Premixed Combustor, in: 36th Int. general play an important role in combus- Symposium on Combustion. Com- VKQPF[PCOKEUCNUQHQTEQPƄIWTCVKQPUQH bustion Institute, Seoul, Korea. doi:10.1016/j.proci.2016.08.002 ■ Silva, C.F., Merk, M., Komarek, T., Polifke, W., 2016. The Contribution of Intrinsic Thermoacoustic Feedback to Combustion Noise and Resonances of C%QPƄPGF6WTDWNGPV2TGOKZGF(NCOG in: Thermoacoustic Instabilities in Gas Turbines and Rocket Engines. Garch- ing, Germany. 2QYGTURGEVTCNFKUVTKDWVKQPQHRTGUUWTGƅWEVWCVKQPUKP VWTDWNGPVEQODWUVQT6JGRGCMCV*\TGUWNVUHTQO Projects intrinsic resonance and shows anomalous response to XCTKCVKQPKPVJGGZKVTGƅGEVKQPEQGHƄEKGPV4Z HTQO5KNXC ■ Marie Curie FP7 IPN FlowAirs, DFG/ GVCN6+)4' ANR NoiseDyn,

Thermo-Fluid Dynamics 215 Research Focus Management ■ Combustion dynamics Prof. Wolfgang Polifke, Ph.D. ■ Thermo- and aero-acoustics ■ Stability analysis Administrative Staff ■ /KZKPICPFTGCEVKQPKPVWTDWNGPVƅQYU Helga Bassett ■ 2QN[FKURGTUGOWNVKRJCUGƅQYU Dipl.Ing. (FH) Sigrid Schulz-Reichwald

Competence Research Scientists ■ 6JGTOQƅWKFF[PCOKEU Alp Albayrak, M.Sc. ■ Combustion modeling Javier Achury, M.Sc. ■ Large-eddy simulation Alexander Avdonin, M.Sc. ■ 5[UVGOKFGPVKƄECVKQP Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Emmert ■ Stability analysis Kilian Förner, M.Sc. ■ Low-order acoustic modeling Shuai Guo, M.Sc. Alfredo Hernandez, M.Sc. Infrastructure Dipl.-Ing. Stefan Jaensch ■ Compute cluster Christian Lang, M.Sc. Joohwa Sarah Lee, M.Sc. Courses Malte Merk, M.Sc. ■ Engineering Thermodynamics Driek Rouwenhorst, M.Sc. ■ Wärmetransportphänomene Dipl.-Ing. Felix Schily ■ Wärme- und Stoffübertragung Camilo Silva, Ph.D. ■ Grundlagen der Mehrphasenströmung Carlo Sovardi, M.Sc. ■ Grundlagen der numerischen TFD Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Steinbacher ■ Computational Thermo-Fluid Dynamics Lin Strobio Chen, M.Sc. ■ 5KOWNCVKQPQH6JGTOQƅWKFUYKVJ1RGP- Dipl.-Ing. Armin Witte Source Tools

216 Thermo-Fluid Dynamics Publications 2016

■ Achury, J., Polifke, W., 2016. Theoretical ■ Jaensch, S., Polifke, W., 2016. CFD-basierte, investigation of the particle response to an Niedrigdimensionale Modellierung der Nichtlinearen CEQWUVKEƄGNF+PV,5RTC[%QOD&[PCOKEU &[PCOKMXQP8QTOKUEJƅCOOGPKP+PHQTOCVKQPUVC- doi:10.1177/1756827716641118 gung Motoren/Turbomaschinen, R574 / R575. Bad ■ Achury, J., Polifke, W., 2016c. Modulation of spray Neuenahrt, Germany. droplet number density and size distribution by ■ Jaensch, S., Sovardi, C., Polifke, W., 2016b. On the an Acoustic Field, in: International Conference on TQDWUVƅGZKDNGCPFEQPUKUVGPVKORNGOGPVCVKQPQH Multiphase Flow 2016. Florence, Italy. time domain impedance boundary conditions for ■ Albayrak, A., Blumenthal, R.S., Ulhaq, A., EQORTGUUKDNGƅQYUKOWNCVKQPU,%QOR2J[U Polifke, W., 2016. An Analytical Model for the 145-159. doi:10.1016/j.jcp.2016.03.010 Impulse Response of Laminar Premixed Flames ■ Karban, U., Schram, C., Sovardi, C., Polifke, W., to Equivalence Ratio Perturbations, in: 36th Int. 2016. Tailored Green’s functions for the prediction Symposium on Combustion. Combustion Institute. of the noise generated by single and tandem doi:10.1016/j.proci.2016.06.002 QTKƄEGUKPCEKTEWNCTFWEV#EVC#EWUVKECWPKVGFYKVJ ■ Albayrak, A., Polifke, W., 2016. Propagation Velocity Acustica 102, 779-792. doi:10.3813/AAA.918993 of Inertial Waves in Cylindrical Swirling Flow, ■ Lang, C., Jaensch, S., Albayrak, A., Oberleithner, in: 23nd Int. Congress on Sound and Vibration K., Polifke, W., 2016. Large Eddy Simulation of (ICSV23). IIAV, Athens, Greece. Equivalence Ratio Fluctuations in a Technically ■ Blumenthal, R.S., Tangirala, A.K., Sujith, R.I., Premixed Swirl Combustor with Acoustic Excitation, Polifke, W., 2016. A systems perspective on in: CDCN2 – Second Colloquium on Combustion non-normality in low-order thermoacoustic Dynamics and Combustion Noise. Menaggio, Italy. models: full norms, semi-norms and tran- ■ Lee, J.S, Violato, D, Polifke, W, 2016. Experimental sient growth. Int. J. Spray Combust. Dyn. investigation on two-phase horizontal intermittent doi:10.1177/1756827716652474 ƅQYVJTQWIJCPQTKƄEGKP+PVGTPCVKQPCN%QPHGTGPEG ■ Bodén, H., Polifke, W., 2016. Uncertainty on Multiphase Flow (ICMF 2016). Florence, Italy. SWCPVKƄECVKQPCRRNKGFVQCGTQCEQWUVKERTGFKEVKQPU ■ Lee, J.S., Violato, D, Polifke, W, 2016a. Acoustical in: Schram, C. (Ed.), Progress in Simulation, Control characteristics of two-phase horizontal intermittent and Reduction of Ventilation Noise, VKI Lecture ƅQYVJTQWIJCPQTKƄEG#EVC#EWUVKECWPKVGFYKVJ Series 2015. Rhode-St-Genèse, BE. Acustica 102, 804-812. doi:10.3813/AAA.918995 ■ Caeiro, F., Sovardi, C., Förner, K., Polifke, W., ■ Lee, J.S., Violato, Daniele, Polifke, Wolfgang, 2016b. Shape Optimisation of a Helmholtz 2016b. Sound generation by bubble dynamics of Resonator using the Adjoint Method, in: Int. Symp. KPVGTOKVVGPVJQTK\QPVCNVYQRJCUGRKRGƅQYVJTQWIJ on Thermoacoustic Instabilities in Gas Turbines and CPQTKƄEGKPVJ+PVGTPCVKQPCN%QPHGTGPEGQP Rocket. Garching, Germany. Flow-Induced Vibration. The Hague, Netherlands. ■ Emmert, T., 2016. State Space Modeling of Ther- ■ /GKPFN/'OOGTV62QNKHMG9'HƄEKGPV moacoustic Systems with Application to Intrinsic calculation of thermoacoustic modes utilizing state- Feedback (Ph.D. Thesis). TU München, Munich, space models, in: 23nd Int. Congress on Sound and Germany. Vibration (ICSV23). Athens, Greece. ■ Emmert, T., Bomberg, S., Jaensch, S., Polifke, ■ Merk, M., Gaudron, R., Mirat, C., Gatti, M., Schuller, W., 2016a. Acoustic and Intrinsic Thermoacoustic T., Polifke, W., 2016a. Numerical and experimental Modes of a Premixed Combustor, in: 36th Int. KPXGUVKICVKQPQHVJGPQKUGNGXGNKPCEQPƄPGF Symposium on Combustion. Combustion Institute, premixed swirl-stabilized combustor, in: CDCN2 – Seoul, Korea. doi:10.1016/j.proci.2016.08.002 Second Colloquium on Combustion Dynamics and ■ Emmert, T., Meindl, M., Jaensch, S., Polifke, W., Combustion Noise. Menaggio, Italy. 2016b. Linear State Space Interconnect Modeling ■ Merk, M., Jaensch, S., Polifke, W., 2016b. On of Acoustic Systems. Acta Acustica united with Hydrodynamic Effects During Self-Excited Acustica 102, 824-833. doi:10.3813/AAA.918997 Thermoacoustic Oscillations, in: 24th ICTAM ■ Förner, K., Polifke, W., 2016. Nonlinear Aeroacous- Conference. Montreal, Canada. VKE+FGPVKƄECVKQPQHVJG*GNOJQNV\4GUQPCVQT ■ Merk, M., Jaensch, S., Polifke, W., 2016c. Response Based on a Local Linear Neuro-Fuzzy %QPEWTTGPVKFGPVKƄECVKQPQHƅCOGF[PCOKEUCPF Model, in: Adams, N.A., Radespiel, R., Sattelmayer, EQODWUVKQPPQKUGHQTVWTDWNGPVƅCOGUKP%&%0s T., Schröder, W., Weigand, B. (Eds.), Annual Report. Second Colloquium on Combustion Dynamics and Sonderforschungsbereich/Transregio 40. Combustion Noise. Menaggio, Italy. ■ Förner, K., Tournadre, J., Martínez-Lera, P., Polifke, ■ Müller, R.A.J., Hermann, J., Polifke, W., 2016b. W., 2016b. Scattering to Higher Harmonics for Control authority over a combustion instability Quarter Wave and Helmholtz Resonators, in: 22nd investigated in CFD. Int. J. Spray Combust. Dyn. 8, AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference. Lyon, 39-52. doi:10.1177/1756827715627071 France. doi:10.2514/6.2016-2968 ■ Polifke, W., 2016a. Thermoacoustic instability – a ■ Jaensch, S., Merk, M., Gopalakrishnan, E., major challenge for gas turbine combustion tech- Bomberg, S., Emmert, T., Sujith, R.I., Polifke, nology, in: German-China Workshop on Gas Turbine W., 2016a. Hybrid CFD/ low-order modeling of Technology. Presented at the German-China nonlinear thermoacoustic oscillations. Proceedings Workshop on Gas Turbine Technology, Stuttgart, of the Combustion Institute 36. doi:10.1016/j. Germany. proci.2016.08.006 ■ Polifke, W., 2016b. Consequences of Intrinsic ■ Jaensch, S., Polifke, W., 2016a. On the uncer- Thermoacoustic Feedback for Combustion tainty encountered when modeling self-excited Dynamics and Combustion Noise, in: CDCN2 – VJGTOQCEQWUVKEQUEKNNCVKQPUYKVJCTVKƄEKCNPGWTCN 2nd Colloquium on Combustion Dynamics and networks, in: Int. Symp. on Thermoacoustic Combustion Noise. Menaggio, Italy. doi:10.13140/ Instabilities in Gas Turbines and Rocket Engines, RG.2.2.20329.29289 GTRE-006. Garching, Germany. ■ Polifke, W., 2016. Distributed delay and state space models in acoustics and combustion dynamics, in: Linné FLOW Centre, Annual Meeting of the Linné FLOW Centre. Skytteholm, Ekerö, Sweden.

Thermo-Fluid Dynamics 217 ■ Rouwenhorst, D., Hermann, J., Polifke, W., 2016a. ■ Strobio Chen, L., Steinbacher, T., Silva, C., Polifke, Online monitoring of thermoacoustic eigenmodes W., 2016b. On Generation of Entropy Waves Across in annular combustion systems based on a state a Premixed Flame, GT2016-57026, in: Proceedings space model, in: Proceedings of ASME 2016 Turbo of ASME 2016 Turbo Expo: Turbomachinery Expo: Turbomachinery Technical Conference & Technical Conference & Exposition, Seoul, Korea. Exposition, GT2016-56671. Presented at the ASME doi:10.1115/GT2016-57026 GT16, ASME, Seoul, Korea. doi:10.1115/GT2016- ■ Tournadre, J., Förner, K., Polifke, W., Martín- 56671 G\.GTC2&GUOGV9C+PƅWGPEGQH8QTVGZ ■ Rouwenhorst, D., Hermann, J., Polifke, W., 2016b. Disruption on the Nonlinear Acoustic Response Online Monitoring of Thermoacoustic Eigen- QH1TKƄEGU5WDOKVVGFVQ,QWTPCNQH5QWPFCPF modes in Annular Combustion Systems Based Vibration. on a State-Space Model. J Eng Gas Turb Power, ■ Tournadre, J., Förner, K., Polifke, W., Martínez-Lera, doi:10.1115/1.4034260 P., Desmet, W., 2016b. Determination of Acoustic ■ Rouwenhorst, D., Hermann, J., Polifke, W., 2016c. Impedance for Helmholtz Resonators Through $KHWTECVKQPUVWF[QHC\KOWVJCNDWNMƅQYKPCPPWNCT Incompressible Unsteady Flow Simulations. AIAA combustion systems with cylindrical symmetry Journal. doi:10.2514/1.J055337 breaking, in: Thermoacoustic Instabilities in Gas ■ Tournadre, J., Förner, K., Polifke, W., Martínez-Lera, Turbines and Rocket Engines, GTRE-010. Garching, P., Desmet, W., 2016c. Determination of Acoustic Germany. Impedance for Helmholtz Resonators Through ■ Silva, C.F., Merk, M., Komarek, T., Polifke, W., Incompressible Unsteady Flow Simulations, in: 2016. The Contribution of Intrinsic Thermoacoustic 22nd AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference. Lyon, Feedback to Combustion Noise and Resonances France. doi:10.2514/6.2016-2917 QHC%QPƄPGF6WTDWNGPV2TGOKZGF(NCOGKP ■ Tudisco, P., Ranjan, R., Menon, S., Jaensch, Thermoacoustic Instabilities in Gas Turbines and S., Polifke, W., 2016. On the application of the Rocket Engines. Garching, Germany. time-domain admittance boundary condition for ■ Silva, C.F., Runte, T., Polifke, W., Magri, L., 2016. large-eddy simulation of a shear-coaxial, high 7PEGTVCKPV[SWCPVKƄECVKQPQHITQYVJTCVGUQH pressure combustor. submitted to Flow, Turbulence thermoacoustic instability by an adjoint Helmholtz and Combustion. solver, in: Proceedings of ASME 2016 Turbo Expo: ■ Violato, D, Lee, J.S, Belfroid, S, 2016. Acoustical Turbomachinery Technical Conference & Exposition, EJCTCEVGTKUVKEUQHVYQRJCUGJQTK\QPVCNRKRGƅQY GT2016-57659. Presented at the ASME GT16, VJTQWIJCPQTKƄEG2TGUGPVGFCVVJGVJ+PVGTPC- ASME, Seoul, Korea. tional Conference on Flow-Induced Vibration, The ■ Sovardi, C., Aurégan, Y., Polifke, W., 2016a. Hague, Netherlands. Parametric LES/SI based aeroacoustic characteri- ■ Witte, A., Cabrera, A., Polifke, W., 2016. Identi- \CVKQPQHVCPFGOQTKƄEGUKPNQY/CEJPWODGTƅQYU ƄECVKQPQHVJGJGCVVTCPUHGTHTGSWGPE[TGURQPUG Acta Acustica united with Acustica 102, 793-803. KPRWNUCVKPINCOKPCTCPFUWDETKVKECNƅQYCETQUUC doi:10.3813/AAA.918994 cylinder, in: 7th European Thermal-Sciences Confer- ■ Sovardi, C., Jaensch, S., Polifke, W., 2016b. Con- ence. Krakow, Poland. EWTTGPV+FGPVKƄECVKQPQH#GTQCEQWUVKE5ECVVGTKPI ■ Witte, A., Cabrera, A., Polifke, W., 2016. Identi- and Noise Sources at a Flow Duct Singularity in ƄECVKQPQHVJGJGCVVTCPUHGTHTGSWGPE[TGURQPUG Low Mach Number Flow. Journal of Sound and KPRWNUCVKPINCOKPCTCPFUWDETKVKECNƅQYCETQUUC Vibration 377, 90-105. doi:10.1016/j.jsv.2016.05.025 cylinder. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 745, ■ 5QXCTFK%2QNKHMG9+FGPVKƄECVKQPQH 32055. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/745/3/032055 Sound Sources in Ducted Flows with an LES-SI- ■ Witte, A., Polifke, W., 2016. Modeling the Heat &/&#RRTQCEJ+PƅWGPEGQH/GUJ4GƄPGOGPV Transfer and Skin Friction Frequency Response of and Subgrid Scale Models, in: Dillmann, A., Heller, a Cylinder in Cross-Flow – a Unifying Perspective, G., Krämer, E., Wagner, C., Breitsamter, C. (Eds.), in: 12th International Conference on Heat Transfer, New Results in Numerical and Experimental Fluid Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics. Presented Mechanics X, Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics at the 12th International Conference on Heat and Multidisciplinary Design. Springer International Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Publishing, pp. 755-765. doi:10.1007/978-3-319- HEFAT, Malaga, Spain, pp. 1022-1027. 27279-5_66 ■ Sovardi, C., Polifke, W., 2016. CFD-Based Model- ling of Sound Generation in Ducted Discontinuities, in: Schram, C. (Ed.), Progress in Simulation, Control and Reduction of Ventilation Noise, VKI Lecture Series 2015. VKI, Rhode-St-Genèse, BE. ■ Steinbacher, T., Strobio Chen, L., Polifke, W., 2016. Modeling the generation of entropy waves by a RTGOKZGFƅCOGKP%&%0sPF%QNNQSWKWOQP Combustion Dynamics and Combustion Noise. Menaggio, Italy. ■ Strobio Chen, L., Bomberg, S., Polifke, W., 2016a. Propagation and Generation of Acoustic and Entropy Waves Across a Moving Flame Front. Comb. and Flame 166, 170-180. doi:10.1016/j. EQODWUVƅCOG ■ Strobio Chen, L., Hosseini, N., Polifke, W., Teerling, J., Kornilov, V., Lopez Arteaga, I., de Goey, P., 2016. Acoustic Scattering Behaviour of a 2D Flame with Heat Exchanger in Cross-Flow, in: 23nd Int. Congress on Sound and Vibration (ICSV23). IIAV, Athens, Greece.

218 Thermo-Fluid Dynamics Safe Embedded Systems

5RGEKƄECVKQPQHHCWNVVQNGTCPVU[UVGOUXGTKƄECVKQPCPFXCNKFCVKQPQHUCHGV[ETKVKECNU[UVGOU

■ The focus of the Assistant Professorship of Safe Embedded Systems (SES) in 2016 was to further develop methods and approaches in the ƄGNFUQHURGEKƄECVKQPCPFXCNKFCVKQPQHUCHGV[ETKVKECNFKUVTKDWVGFCRRNK cations.

Design to Test

Validation by testing is a mandatory workload required to reliably test critical procedure for safety-critical controllers. logic controllers. In 2016, SES further However, the validation of a logic con- developed and implemented a design-to- troller is often only considered in the later test approach for discrete event systems. Prof. Dr. Julien Provost phases of its development. Thus, if spe- The current focus of this project is the EKƄEPQPHWPEVKQPCNTGSWKTGOGPVUTGNCVGF generalization of this approach to be able Contact to testing are not initially considered in the to consider larger models which cannot be www.ses.mw.tum.de URGEKƄECVKQPOQFGNUVJKUEQWNFNGCFVQ tested exhaustively. [email protected] the impossibility of validating the behavior Phone +49.89.289.16424 of a controller by means of testing. Projects Design-to-test approaches aim at ■ TUM – Design-to-test approach for improving the testability of controllers black-box testing of programmable and reducing the additional human controllers

Dynamic Software Update of Programmable Controllers

Current industrial automation plants are controlled by programmable logic controllers (PLC), soft-PLCs or indus- trial PCs. Although the programming interface remains unchanged, using a software-based PLC or an industrial PC enables the implementation of features that were impossible to realize on a hard- ware-based PLC. One of these features is the dynamic software updating (DSU). Since the lifetime of a production facility can be very long, it is inevitable that its software must be updated at some point. This may include the implementation of new features, an increase in performance, The concept of reprogramming a controller at runtime QTUKORNGDWIƄZGU&GRGPFKPIQPJQY QNFXGTUKQPKPDNWGPGYXGTUKQPKPQTCPIG severe this change is, the update of the facility may not be feasible due to down- QHF[PCOKEUQHVYCTGWRFCVKPIKPVJGƄGNF times caused by the shutdown, update of production automation. Proofs of con- and restart phases of the plant. By using cepts have been developed for MATLAB &57OQFKƄECVKQPUQHVJGOQFGNECPUVKNN 5VCVGƅQYCPF+'%OQFGNUCPF DGRTGRCTGFQHƅKPGCPFHQNNQYVJGUCOG successfully applied to small case studies. modeling procedure, but the downtime can be drastically decreased and in the Projects best case completely eliminated, thus ■ TUM – Dynamic software update of increasing the productivity of the plant. programmable controllers In 2016, SES investigated the feasibility

Safe Embedded Systems 219 Supervisory Control Theory

Didactic platform: SCT for mechanical engineers

Supervisory control theory (SCT) is a First, from a theoretical point of view, while model-based approach that permits many industrial applications use signals automatic generation of correct-by-con- CPFFCVCƅQYUVQTGRTGUGPVCPFGZEJCPIG struction supervisory controllers. Thanks sensors and actuators values, the funda- to the SCT approach, which uses mathe- ments and most of the works related to matically proven algorithms, automatically SCT use event-based modeling. Thus, generated controllers do not need to be a new approach using a signal-based XGTKƄGFCP[OQTG6JGFGUKIPGTUECPVJGP formalism has been investigated. Sec- HQEWUOQTGQPTGSWKTGOGPVUFGƄPKVKQPCPF ondly, from a more practical point of view, URGEKƄECVKQPOQFGNKPI#UGVQHURGEKƄEC- SES worked on a seamless integration of tions permits each requirement (functional academic algorithms for SCT and widely and non-functional requirements, safety used programming tools. and liveness requirements, optimization Demonstration software, that permits the ETKVGTCGVE VQDGURGEKƄGFKPFGRGPFGPVN[ implementation of SCT from MATLAB Then, synthesis algorithms are applied on 5VCVGƅQYOQFGNUJCUDGGPƄPCNK\GF VJGUGVQHURGEKƄECVKQPCPFRNCPVOQFGNU This demonstrator has been successfully to generate a supervisory controller. The applied to our didactic production system supervisory controller obtained is then platform, where Master students managed guaranteed to be deadlock-free and maxi- to learn and apply SCT within a week. OCNN[RGTOKUUKXG CNNVJGURGEKƄECVKQPUCTG HWNƄNNGFCPFQPN[VJGUGURGEKƄECVKQPUCTG Projects HWNƄNNGF  ■ TUM – Supervisory control theory for In 2016, SES investigated the obstacles mechanical engineers to a wide application of SCT in industry.

220 Safe Embedded Systems Research Focus Courses ■ Fault-tolerant systems ■ Basics of Dependable Systems ■ (QTOCNXGTKƄECVKQPCPFXCNKFCVKQP ■ Control of Discrete Event Systems ■ Distributed control systems ■ Safe Embedded Systems ■ Diagnosis of automated systems ■ Fault-Tolerant Control using MATLAB ■ Dynamic software update 5VCVGƅQYCPF5WRGTXKUQT[%QPVTQN Theory Competence ■ Control of discrete event systems Management ■ Conformance testing Prof. Dr. Julien Provost ■ Supervisory control theory ■ Fault-tree analysis Research Scientist Canlong Ma, M.Sc. Infrastructure ■ Test bench for (safety) programmable logic controllers ■ Didactic platform for supervisory control

Publications 2016

■ Alfred Theorin; Kristofer Bengtsson; Julien Provost; ■ Canlong Ma; Julien Provost: Design-to-test: an Michael Lieder; Charlotta Johnsson; Thomas approach to enhance testability of programmable Lundholm; Bengt Lennartson: An Event-Driven controllers for critical systems – two case studies. Manufacturing Information System Architecture for 26th European Safety and Reliability Conference Industry 4.0. International Journal of Production (ESREL 2016) Research. DOI: 10.1080/00207543.2016.1201604 ■ Oliver Latka; Julien Provost: Implementation of ■ Canlong Ma; Julien Provost: DTT-MAT: A software a Cloud-based Service-Oriented Architecture for toolbox on a design-to-test approach for testing of Hardware Control Systems supported by Neural embedded programmable controllers. 12th IEEE Network. 26th European Safety and Reliability International Conference on Automation Science Conference (ESREL 2016) and Engineering (CASE 2016). DOI: 10.1109/ COASE.2016.7743494 ■ Minjie Zou; Laura Folk; Julien Provost: Psycho- acoustic impacts estimation in manufacturing based QPCEEGNGTQOGVGTOGCUWTGOGPVWUKPICTVKƄEKCN neural networks. 12th IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE 2016). DOI: 10.1109/COASE.2016.7743542

Safe Embedded Systems 221 Industrial Management and Assembly Technologies

Perspectives for production

■+PVJG%JCKTHQT+PFWUVTKCN/CPCIGOGPVCPF#UUGODN[6GEJPQNQI[ considered in particular the possibilities of how humans can be integrated KPVQVJGQDLGEVKXGUQH+PFWUVT[+PCFFKVKQPVJGHWTVJGTFGXGNQROGPVQH GNGEVTQOQDKNKV[CVVJGRTQFWEVKQPUKVG)GTOCP[YCUURGEKƄECNN[VCTIGVGF

Industry 4.0

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gunther Reinhart

Contact

www.iwb.mw.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.15500

Use of smart devices in manufacturing

In addition to all technological devel- FGXGNQROGPVRTQEGUU#PKORQTVCPVƄGNF opments in the context of industry 4.0 of research is the planning and control humans also play a central role in the of autonomous production that is based factory of the future. In order to be able to on cyber-physical systems, where the make reliable statements about the poten- customer-innovated products will be tial and dangers of its networking with the produced. It is linked directly to the RTQFWEVKQPU[UVGOVJGTGUGCTEJƄGNFn/CP open-innovation platform to ensure that in the factory’ set up and commissioned the customer is always well informed of an experimental and learning laboratory the feasibility of their design, and at the last year. same time receives a delivery schedule In addition to carrying out empirical and cost estimate. studies, the learning laboratory is used in The results offer companies a very current research projects for the testing innovative business model with the of prototypical applications of assistance opportunity to position themselves on the systems and the validation of initial market with customer-innovated products, research approaches. In particular, the and to strengthen Germany’s position as a projects ‘Smart Interface’ (funded by BFS) business location in the long term. and ‘Individual, dynamic workplace assis- tance’ (funded by MAN). Furthermore, the learning laboratory allows an intuitive transfer of the knowledge acquired. Another focus was on the production of customer-innovated products. Within the research project InnoCyFer (funded by BMWi) an open-innovation platform was developed, which would enable the integration of the creativity and innovation potential of customers in the product

222 Industrial Management and Assembly Technologies Assembly Technology and Robotics

The area of assembly technology and robotics addresses assembly as the last step in the value-creation chain within the production process. Here, the costs and SWCNKV[QHRTQFWEVUCTGKPƅWGPEGFKPC OCLQTYC['HƄEKGPVCUUGODN[RTQEGUUGU innovative system technology and assem- bly systems, and also the targeted use of KPFWUVTKCNTQDQVUCTGVJGMG[VQEQUVGHƄ- cient production. The researchers in the Assembly Technology and Robotics group Packaging a battery cell in the research center are therefore working on new solutions to for lithium-ion batteries at iwb URGEKƄERTQDNGOUKPVJGUGCTGCU %WTTGPVVTGPFUCTGCNUQUKIPKƄECPVKP tool for the automation of processes in production. A large part of the work is production. therefore orientated towards the future area of electromobility and decentralized Projects energy storage. In this connection, a ■ ExZellTUM – Excellence center for research line was created at iwb for the battery cells at the Technical University production of lithium-ion battery cells of Munich which offers a unique platform to research ■ ProLIZ – Production technology for the relationships between production and lithium-ion cells RTQFWEVSWCNKV[1VJGTUKIPKƄECPVFGXGNQR ■ EEBatt – Decentralized stationary ments are the ever increasing demands on energy storage adaptability of assembly lines and robot ■ FOREL – Research and technology systems, as well as the topics related to EGPVTGHQTTGUQWTEGGHƄEKGPVNKIJV Industry 4.0. weight structures of electric mobility Starting with a comprehensive analysis, a ■ #-1/+s#WVQOCVGFEQPƄIWTCVKQPKP thorough understanding of assembly and micro-system technology handling processes is developed. Building ■ CyPros – Cyber-physical production on this, process chains are generated and systems integrated into innovative system con- ■ RoHoQ – Robot-based ultra-precise cepts. Alongside, economic and quality quality assurance examinations validate the applicability of ■ Spicy – Silicon and polyanionic chem - the solutions. Particular attention is being istries and architectures of Li-ion cell paid to the industrial robot as a universal for high energy battery

Production Management and Logistics

The research group Production Manage- GHƄEKGPVKPVGITCVKQPQHJWOCPTGUQWTEGU ment and Logistics is working on projects in an increasingly digital and networked aimed at enhancing effectiveness and production environment. GHƄEKGPE[QHRTQFWEVKQP6JGTGUGCTEJ 6JGUGƄGNFUCTGEQORNGOGPVGFD[ UEQRGEQXGTUVJTGGOCKPƄGNFUQHKPVGTGUV research on optimization methods for 6JGƄTUVƄGNFEQORTKUGUVJGFGUKIPQH industrial application and on approaches an effective change management in pro- HQTGHƄEKGPVGZRNQTCVKQPQHTGSWKTGFFCVC duction, the management of production The group’s wide-ranging expertise in technologies and facility planning. The all areas of production management and UGEQPFƄGNFEQPFWEVUTGUGCTEJQPVJG NQIKUVKEUUVGOUHTQOKVUƄGNFUQHEWTTGPV

Industrial Management and Assembly Technologies 223 and former comprehensive research. Further- more, the research group is equipped with a real production environ- ment through the Model Factory for Lean Production (LSP) and the Learning Lab for Humans in Production. This environment supports research, teaching and training in the context of lean management and human resources in production.

Projects ■ SFB 768 – Managing cycles in inno- vation processes, sub-projects B3 ‘Dynamic Production Technology Use of smart devices for human beings in industry 4.0 Planning’, B4 ‘Dynamic Production Structure Planning’, and B5 ‘Cyclically ■ /#067/s'HƄEKGPVRTGRTQFWEVKQP Oriented Design of Versatile Production development of variant-rich small series Resources’ in the funding phase II, production and the transfer project T2 ‘Cyclically ■ $/967/s%QPƄIWTCVKQPCPF&KOGP- Oriented Assessment and Planning of sioning of Production Networks Based Technology Sequences and Equipment on Bionic Principles for Assembly Processes’ ■ InnoCyFer – Integrated Design and ■ &GUKIPKPIƅGZKDNGHCEVQT[NC[QWVUDCUGF Fabrication of Customer Individualized on rough planning data Products in Cyber Physical Manufac- ■ BMW.TUM – Intelligent Logistics turing Systems Planning Based on Big Data ■ MAN.TUM – Individual and Dynamic Worker Information

Research Focus ■ Robotics ■ Production management and logistics ■ Assembly-friendly design and produc- ■ Assembly technology and robotics tion ■ Assembly planning and scenario Competence evaluation ■ Production technology management ■ Process and mock-up development ■ Human factors in factory environments ■ Analysis and optimization of operating ■ Biomimetics in production management behaviour ■ Value creation network and locations ■ Feeding and handling technology ■ Technology planning ■ Factory planning Infrastructure ■ Lean management ■ Production line for battery cells ■ 4GUQWTEGGHƄEKGPVRTQFWEVKQP ■ Industrial robots ■ Knowledge management and didactics ■ Environmental/safety and teaching ■ Performing benchmarks and technolog- laboratories ical research ■ Energetic and geometrical parameters ■ Production planning and control ■ Material analysis systems systems ■ Simulation environments ■ Battery production ■ Assembly processes

224 Industrial Management and Assembly Technologies Courses Administrative Staff ■ Automobile Production Dipl.-Ing. Fritz Grimmer ■ Factory Planning Dipl.-Ing. Oliver Holzmann ■ Human Factors in Production Engineer- Nadja Kirmayer ing Tanja Mayer ■ Methods of Company Management Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Sebald ■ Assembly, Handling and Industrial Robots Research Scientists ■ Management of Production Enterprises Harald Bauer, M. Eng. for Teachers Nicolas Billot, M.Eng. ■ Practical Course CAD/CAM-Systems Dipl.-Ing. Simone Dietrich ■ Practical Course ERP-Systems Christiane Dollinger, M.Sc. ■ Practical Course Industrial Robots Till Günther, M.Eng. ■ Practical Course Production Planning Sven Hawer, M.Sc. and Control Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Knoche ■ Practical Course Energy Productivity Dino Knoll, M.Sc. ■ Practical Course Lean Production Daria Leiber, M.Sc. ■ Seminar Production Management Dipl.-Ing. Christopher Lock ■ Practical Soft Skills for Mechatronic Dipl.-Phys. Gregor Lux Processes in Development and Produc Dipl.-Ing. Alejandro Magana Flores tion Dipl.-Ing. Joachim Michniewicz ■ Engineering 4.0 – Agile and Interdisci- Lukas Richter, M.Eng. plinary Development of Mechatronical Dipl.-Ing. Johannes Schmalz Production Systems Joscha Schnell, M.Sc. ■ Practical Course for Mechatronical Alexander Schönmann, M.Sc. Development Processes and Project Dipl.-Ing. Ulrich Teschemacher Management Severin Teubner, M.Sc. ■ Computer Integrated Manufacturing Marco Ulrich, M.Sc. Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Ing. Susanne Vernim Management Manuel Voit, M.Sc. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gunther Reinhart, Director Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Martin Wunderer Beatrix Kain, Secretary Technical Staff Adjunct Professors Armin Braun Prof. Dr.-Ing. Joachim Milberg Alexander Degenhart Hon.-Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Jochen Platz Andreas Grünwald Brigitte Hadler Visiting Lectures Wolfgang Rissling Dr.-Ing. Robert Reiter Stefan Seidl Dr.-Ing. Rainer Stetter Rainer Sollfrank

Industrial Management and Assembly Technologies 225 Publications 2016

■ Greitemann, J.; Hehl, M.; Wagner, D.; Reinhart, ■ Reinhart, G.; Greitemann, J.; Niehues, M.: Lean G.: Scenario- and roadmap-based approach for Production. In: Laperrière, L. et al. (Hrsg.): CIRP the analysis of prospective production technology Encyclopedia of Production Engineering. Berlin needs. Production Engineering – Research and *GKFGNDGTI5RTKPIGTRR| &GXGNQROGPV  RR| ■ Schönmann, A.; Gerigk, M.; Reinhart, G.; Intra, C.; ■ Hofbauer, D.; Greitemann, J.; Grammer, M.; 5CPFGT(-TCWU2+FGPVKƄMCVKQPVGEJPQNQIKUEJGT Kaufmann, J.; Reinhart, G.: Systematische Modernisierungspotenziale in der Produktion. Bewertung von FKV-Fertigungstechnologien. Ein Beitrag zur Bewertung des Technologie- und Technologiebe wertung am Beispiel der automobilen Betriebsmittelbestands. ZWF Zeitschrift für Großserienfertigung von FKV-Komponenten. wt wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb 111 (2016) 9, 9GTMUVCVVUVGEJPKMQPNKPG  RR| RR| ■ Knoche, T.; Surek, F.; Reinhart, G.: A Process Model ■ Schönmann, A.; Ulverich, M.; Intra, C.; Reinhart, G.: for the Electrolyte Filling of Lithiumion Batteries. Considering External and Internal Cycles of a Man- 2TQEGFKC%+42  RR| ufacturer for Planning and Evaluating Production ■ Knoche, T.; Zinth, V.; Schulz, M.; Schnell, J.; Gilles, 6GEJPQNQIKGU2TQEGFKC%+42  RR| R.; Reinhart, G.: In situ visualization of the electro- ■ Zaeh & Reinhart: Geschickt verbunden: Funktion- N[VGUQNXGPVƄNNKPIRTQEGUUD[PGWVTQPTCFKQITCRJ[ sintegration und Fügetechnik im Strukturleichtbau, ,QWTPCNQH2QYGT5QWTEGU  RR| 2. FOREL-Akademie. Garching, 8. April. München: ■ Koch, J.; Gritsch, A.; Reinhart, G.: Process design Herbert Utz Verlag GmbH 2016. ISBN: 978-3-8316- for the management of changes in manufacturing: 4566-4. toward a Manufacturing Change Management ■ Zaeh & Reinhart: Geschickt verbunden: Funktions- process. CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science integration und Fügetechnik im Strukturleichtbau, CPF6GEJPQNQI[  RR| 2. FOREL-Akademie. Garching, 8. April. München: ■ Koch, J.; Michels, N.; Reinhart, G.: Context model Herbert Utz Verlag GmbH 2016. ISBN: 978-3-8316- design for a process-oriented Manufacturing 4566-4. Change Management. (Hrsg.): Procedia CIRP 2016, ■ Lock, C.; Reinhart, G.: A Meta-Model for Analyzing RR| VJG+PƅWGPEGQH2TQFWEVKQP4GNCVGF$WUKPGUU2TQ- ■ Liebl, S.: Laserstrahlschweißen mit angepasster cesses. In: Westkämper, E. et al. (Hrsg.): Factories Intensitätsverteilung. In: Zaeh, M. F. et al. (Hrsg.): of the future in the digital environment, 49th CIRP Geschickt verbunden: Funktionsintegration und Conference on Manufacturing Systems. Stuttgart, Fügetechnik im Strukturleichtbau, 2. FOREL- May 25-27 2016. Akademie. Garching, 8. April. München: Herbert Utz ■ Plehn, C.; Stein, F.; Neufville, R. de; Reinhart, 8GTNCI)OD*RR|+5$0 G.: Assessing the Impact of Changes and their 4566-4. Knock-on Effects in Manufacturing Systems. In: ■ Michniewicz, J.; Reinhart, G.; Boschert, S.: Westkämper, E. et al. (Hrsg.): Factories of the Future CAD-Based Automated Assembly Planning for in the digital environment, 49th CIRP Conference on Variable Products in Modular Production Systems. Manufacturing Systems. Stuttgart, May 25-27 2016. In: Söderberg, R. (Hrsg.): Procedia CIRP, 6th CIRP Conference on Assembly Technologies and Systems (CATS). Göteborg, 16-18.05.2016 2016, RR|  

226 Industrial Management and Assembly Technologies Applied Mechanics

Development, simulation and experimental investigation of complex dynamical and mechatronical systems

■ The Institute of Applied Mechanics is a leading research center in the dynamics of mechanical and robotic systems. The core of its activities HQEWUQPVJGFGXGNQROGPVQHPQXGNUKOWNCVKQPCPFGZRGTKOGPVCNVGEJ- PKSWGUHQTGHƄEKGPVCPCN[UKUQHEQORNGZUVTWEVWTCNF[PCOKEUCPFQPVJG FGUKIPEQPUVTWEVKQPCPFEQPVTQNQHCFXCPEGFTQDQVKEOCEJKPGU

The research is organized in three focus 'CEJTGUGCTEJITQWRDWPFNGUURGEKƄE areas: Robotics and Mechatronics, expertise, monitors international advances Dynamic Simulation and Numerical and actively discusses the future research Techniques, and Experimental Dynamics. directions.

Prof. dr. ir. Daniel Rixen Robotics and Mechatronics

Mechatronics is the combination of and changing environment. An important Contact mechanical, electrical and informatics aspect is to ensure robust walking control www.amm.mw.tum.de U[UVGOU#HQEWUQHVJKUƄGNFNKGUQPVJG to account for unseen disturbances and [email protected] actuation of multibody dynamical sys- model imperfections. Phone +49.89.289.15220 tems and vibrating structures in order to New research includes the comparison of CEJKGXGURGEKƄEHWPEVKQPU1PGGZCORNG human gate strategies and multi-contact of such systems are robots which are motion approaches. investigated at our institute. New research has been started on the Our institute has a long tradition in dynamics of drive simulators and on designing, constructing and controlling advanced motion-cueing algorithms. The robots for novel applications. Based on challenge here is to optimize the motion our experience in autonomous legged rendering in modern drive-simulator such robots, our institute has developed a high that the impressions experienced by the performance humanoid robot (LOLA) in test person are realistic for a wide range of recent years. driving conditions. The research is by nature multidisciplinary We also cooperate with the Department and aims at enabling versatile and robust of Orthopedics and Sports Orthopedics, walking in unknown terrain. It includes to investigate the application of robotic image processing allowing for real-time manipulators to investigate the range of planning and obstacle avoidance, but also movement of human joints. In particular advance planning strategies in a cluttered we investigate complaint motion control in

'HƄEKGPVOQFGNNKPIQHQDUVCENGU and surfaces using swept-sphere volumes for real-time step planning

Applied Mechanics 227 order to explore the motion space without overstressing the tested joint.

Projects ■ 4GCNVKOGRNCPPKPIHQTƅGZKDNGYCNMKPI of a humanoid robot (DFG) ■ Robust walking for a humanoid robot under disturbances (DFG) ■ Gait control of a humanoid robot in uneven terrain (DAAD) ■ Multi-contact planning and control of Planning and control of a humanoic robot accounting for unknown obstacles detected by a biped walking robots (internal) |&XKUWCNU[UVGO ■ Adaptive force/position control of a robot for investigative manipulation of human joints (MRI) ■ Advanced drive simulators and motion-cueing algorithms

Dynamic Simulation and Numerical Techniques

One important aspect in the modelling of elasto-hydro-dynamic (EHD) lubricated con- VCEVUKUVJGGHƄEKGPVVKOGKPVGITCVKQPQHVJG F[PCOKEKPVGTCEVKQPDGVYGGPVJGƅWKFƄNO CPFVJGUVTWEVWTG6JKUKUCFKHƄEWNVRTQDNGO due to non-linearities in the description of ƅGZKDNGOWNVKDQFKGUCPFFWGVQVJGPQP smooth aspects related to cavitation and contact. To tackle these issues several new formulations and solution techniques have been developed in order to reduce the EQORWVCVKQPCNEQUVUKIPKƄECPVN[#UGEQPF EQPVTKDWVKQPQHVJGKPUVKVWVGVQGHƄEKGPV simulation in EHD consists in new reduction VGEJPKSWGUURGEKƄECNN[FGXGNQRGFVQTGFWEG the number of unknowns necessary to describe the dynamics of the interfaces. Model reduction is a central research inter- est of the Chair, not only for linear systems HQTYJKEJYGRTQRQUGCPGYCPFGHƄEKGPV reduction basis, but also for non-linear Model for simulating a highly Designing and optimizing high-tech structural problems where the bottleneck in ƅGZKDNGPQPNKPGCTUVTWEVWTGFKU- U[UVGOUTGSWKTGUCEEWTCVGCPFGHƄEKGPV reduction approaches is the approximation ETGVK\GFYKVJFGITGGUQH freedom reduced with 346 modes modeling. The expertise and research focus of the non-linear forces (hyper-reduction). and where the hyper-reduction of the institute is mainly in model reduction To develop and test our methods, a new necessitates the evaluation of non-linear forces only in 573 ele- aspects, parallel computing strategies and 2[VJQPDCUGFƄPKVGGNGOGPVEQFG #/('  ments (marked in the picture with numerical techniques to simulate structural has been developed, so that non-linear VJGKTTGURGEVKXGYGKIJV NGCFKPIVQ a speed-up of 6.25. dynamics problems and problems where structural models can be built and reduced the mechanical behavior of a system inter- with state-of-the-art methods. acts with multiphysical forces (for instance, In order to use the power of modern CEQWUVKECNGZEKVCVKQPQTNWDTKECVGFƄNOU  multiprocessor computers, we develop

228 Applied Mechanics solution algorithms based on the paradigm ■ Substructuring for non-linear compo- of domain decomposition; if the problem nents (internal) is partitioned in different domains (regions ■ Domain decomposition techniques for of a structural model), the solution is found dynamic problems (internal) by iterating on the interface solution while ■ FETI method for non-linear multibody the behavior in the domains are computed dynamics (internal) independently by different processors. In ■ High performance simulation of space- addition to applying parallel computation time multiscale nonlinear problems UVTCVGIKGUVQFKHƄEWNVGPIKPGGTKPIRTQDNGOU (TUM) with high heterogeneities or in multibody ■ Elasto-hydrodynamic lubricated con- dynamics, we also investigate new tacts in multibody dynamical systems approaches for modeling time and space (internal) multiscale problems. ■ Modeling of common-rail injectors for faults detection and control (DFG) Projects ■ Aerodynamic noise prediction ■ Varying manifolds and hyper-reduction of treaded tires using a hybrid for geometrically non-linear structures aero-acoustic methodology (National (internal) Science Foundation Luxemburg) ■ Model order reduction of parametric ■ Modeling of gears with defects in nonlinear mechanical systems for system descriptions (DLR) KPƅWGPEKPIXKDTCVKQPU &() ■ 08*QHVWTDQUƅQCVKPITKPIDGCTKPIU ■ Dual substructuring techniques in linear and rotordynamics modeling (MHI and multibody dynamics (internal) Equipment Europe BV)

Experimental Dynamics

Dynamic testing is regularly performed in our labs in order to validate models and test constructions. In addition, experimental dynamic techniques are part of our research where we improve KFGPVKƄECVKQPOGVJQFU9KVJKPVJGRTQLGEV KonRAT (Rocket Engine Components for Aerospace Transport Systems) liquid oxygen turbo pumps are analyzed. Tech- niques to characterize the rotor dynam- ics as well as the dynamic behavior of seals and bearings are developed; combining reduced component mod- els, validated on several test rigs, the KPƅWGPEGUUWEJCUUGCNKPUVCDKNKVKGUCPF processing steps. With these techniques A test bench for evaluating bearing effects on the turbo pump rotor we enable novel methodologies to inves- strategies to monitor defects in rotors during operation system can be determined. Another tigate for instance noise and vibration important research topic is experimental propagation in cars. substructuring; based on the measured Substructuring ideas are also used in dynamics of components, a full model is so-called real time hybrid testing. This DWKNVPWOGTKECNN[WUKPIURGEKƄECUUGO- special hardware-in-the-loop technique bly techniques. Obtaining an accurate numerically simulates structural com- assembled numerical model from ponents for which models are available, measured com- ponents requires special and exchanges in real-time forces and measurement techniques and signal displacements on the interfaces with

Applied Mechanics 229 a real hardware component in the lab. In such an approach components can be tested in real conditions, where the dynamic inter- actions with the full system are accounted for. We develop special computational and control strategies based for instance on adaptive feedforward compensation techniques.

Projects ■ Rotor dynamics for turbo pumps in space propulsion systems (BaySt- MWMET) ■ Real-time substructuring for complex systems (internal) ■ Substructuring methodology for transfer path analysis (BMW) ■ Four-pole models of car subsystems to set component requirements (BMW) A test setup to measure the dynamic stiffness of roller bearings in dynamic operations ■ Experimental substructuring evaluation on a wind turbine test bench (Iranian Ministery of Research, Education and Technology)

Research Focus Courses ■ Modeling and simulation of dynamical ■ Technical Mechanics (Statics, Elasticity systems and Dynamics) ■ Vibration analysis and rotordynamics ■ Technical Mechanics for Electro- ■ Mechatronics and robotics technique ■ Experimental dynamics ■ Machine Dynamics ■ Simulation of Mechatronical Systems Competence ■ Technical Dynamics ■ Finite element modeling in dynamics ■ Dynamics of Mechanical Systems ■ Model reduction and substructuring ■ Robot Dynamics ■ Time integration and solvers ■ Multibody Dynamics ■ Multiphysical modeling ■ Structural Dynamics ■ Trajectory planning and control of ■ Experimental Vibration Analysis robots ■ Seminars in Applied Mechanics ■ Biped robots ■ Mechanical Vibration Lab ■ /QFCNKFGPVKƄECVKQP ■ Vibration Measurement Lab ■ Operational modal analysis ■ Robot Dynamics Lab ■ Structural Dynamics Lab Infrastructure ■ Mechanical and electronic workshop ■ Vibration and dynamic test lab ■ Robotic lab ■ Dynamics teaching lab

230 Applied Mechanics Management Dipl.-Ing. Michael Leistner Prof. dr. ir. Daniel Rixen, M.Sc., Ordinarius Johannes Maierhofer, M.Sc. PD Dr.-Ing. habil. Thomas Thümmel, Christian Meyer, M.Sc. Director Dipl.-Ing. Johannes Rutzmoser Felix Sygulla, M.Sc. Retired Professors Christian Wagner, M.Sc. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Friedrich Pfeiffer Dipl.-Ing. Robert Wittmann Prof. Dr.-Ing. Heinz Ulbrich Dipl.-Ing, Constantin von Deimling Romain Pennec, M.Sc. External Lecturer Karamooz Morteza, M.Sc. Dr.-Ing. Robert Huber Daniel Wahrmann, M.Sc. Oliver Hofmann, M.Sc. Administrative Staff Manuela Müller-Philipp External Ph.D. Candidates Daniela Priller Rob Eling, M.Sc. (TU Delft) Rita Schneider Philip Huschke, M.Sc. (BAM) Dipl.-Ing. Martin Münster (BMW) Research Scientists Sascha Schwarz, M.Sc. (Hochschule Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Bartl München) Dr. Alejandro Cosimo Frans van der Linden, M.Sc. (DLR) Dipl.-Math. Eva-Maria Dewes Maarten van der Seijs, (TU Delft) Delix Ellensohn, M.Sc. Fabian Gruber, M.Sc. Technical Staff Michael Häußler, M.Sc. Simon Gerer Dipl.-Ing. Arne-Christoph Hildebrandt Georg König Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Krinner Georg Mayr

Publications 2016

■ Journal Publications & Books Tan, Chung Hui James; Saier, Tim; von Deimling, Constantin; Martetschläger, Frank; Minzlaff, Philipp; ■ Gruber, Fabian M.; Rixen, Daniel J., Evaluation of Feucht, Matthias J.; Martinez, Horazio; Braun, Substructure Reduction Techniques with Fixed Sepp; Imhoff, Andreas B.; Burgkart, Rainer, Effect of and Free Interfaces, Strojniški vestnik – Journal of three remplissage techniques on tendon coverage Mechanical Engineering, 2016, 62, 7-8 and shoulder kinematics: a navigated robotic bio- ■ Krinner, Andreas; Schindler, Thorsten; Rixen, Daniel, mechanical study, BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, Time integration of mechanical systems with elasto- 2016, 17 hydrodynamic lubricated joints using Quasi-Newton ■ Virlez, G.; Bruels, O.; Duysinx, P.; Geradin, M.; method and projection formulation, International Cardona, A., Unilateral contact condition enhanced Journal of Numerical Methods in Engineering, 2016, YKVJUSWGG\GƄNOOQFGNNKPIKPCWVQOQVKXGFKHHGTGP- Aug tials, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical ■ Oberti, Roberto; Marchi, Massimo; Tirelli, Paolo; Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineer- Calcante, Aldo; Iriti, Marcello; Tona, Emanuele; ing Science, 2016 *QìGXCT/CTMQ$CWT,QGTI2HCHH,WNKCP5EJØV\ ■ Wittmann, Robert; Rixen, Daniel, A Prediction Christoph; Ulbrich, Heinz, Selective spraying of Model for State Observation and Model Predictive grapevines for disease control using a modular Control of Biped Robots, Proc. Appl. Math. Mech., agricultural robot, Biosystems Engineering, 2016 Wiley-Blackwell, 2016 ■ Ozbek, Muammer; Rixen, Daniel J., A new analysis methodology for estimating the eigenfrequencies of systems with high modal damping, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2016, 361, 290-306 ■ Seijs, Maarten V. van der; Klerk, Dennis de; Rixen, Daniel J., General framework for transfer path CPCN[UKU*KUVQT[VJGQT[CPFENCUUKƄECVKQPQHVGEJ- niques, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 2016, 68-69, 217-244

Applied Mechanics 231 Conference Publications ■ Krinner, A.; Rixen, D. J., Interface reduction ■ Bartl, A.; Wernsen, M.; Karamooz Mahdiabadi, methods for mechanical systems with elastohy- M.; Rixen, D.J., Interface State Estimation for drodynamic lubricated joints, Proceedings of the Hardware-In-The-Loop Tests of Structural Dynamic 27th ISMA, A Conference on Noise and Vibration Systems, Proceedings of the 27th ISMA, A Con- Engineering, KU Leuven, 2016 ference on Noise and Vibration Engineering, KU ■ Krinner, A.; Rixen, D. J., Load Dependent Interface Leuven, 2016 Reduction Method for Flexible Multibody Systems ■ Bartl, Andreas; Mayet, Johannes; Karamooz, with Elastohydrodynamic Lubricated Joints, IMSD, Morteza Mahdiabadi; Rixen, Daniel J., Multi-DoF The 4th Joint International Conference on Multibody Interface Synchronization of Real-Time-Hybrid- System Dynamics, May 29-June 2, 2016 Tests using a Recursive-Least-Squares Adaption ■ Linderholt, Andreas; Abrahamsson, Thomas; Law: A Numerical Evaluation, Proceedings of Johansson, Anders; Karamooz Mahdiabadi, the 34rd IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Morteza; Rixen, Daniel J., The Dynamic Behavior Structural Dynamics, 2016, 2016 of Three Sets of the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine, ■ Eliasdottir, Bryndis B.; Karamooz Mahdiabadi, Proceedings of the 34rd IMAC, A Conference and Morteza; Bartl, Andreas; Rixen, Daniel J., An Exposition on Structural Dynamics, 2016 Experimental-Numerical Substructuring Approach in ■ Schuetz, Christoph; Ponn, Thomas; Sygulla, Felix; Dual Form, Proceedings of the 27th ISMA, A Con - Rixen, Daniel; Ulbrich, Heinz, Proprioceptive ference on Noise and Vibration Engineering, KU Estimation of External Joint Torques at a 9-DOF Leuven, 2016 Manipulator, International Conference on Multibody ■ Gruber, Fabian M.; Rixen, Daniel J., Generalized System Dynamics (IMSD), 2016 Craig-Bampton methodology for dynamic substruc- ■ Sygulla, Felix; Schuetz, Christoph; Rixen, Daniel, turing, Proceedings of the 27th ISMA, A Conference Adaptive Motion Control in Uncertain Environments on Noise and Vibration Engineering, KU Leuven, using Tactile Feedback, IEEE International Confer- 2016 ence on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM), ■ Gruber, Fabian M.; Rutzmoser, Johannes B.; Rixen, IEEE, 2016 Daniel J., Generalized Craig-Bampton method ■ von Deimling, Constantin; Föhr, Peter; Obermeier, using Robin boundary conditions, Proceedings of Andreas; Hildebrandt, Arne-Christoph; Schütz, the 34rd IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Christoph; Hofmann, Oliver; Wahrmann, Daniel; Structural Dynamics, 2016, 2016 Rixen, Daniel; Burgkart, Rainer, Spatial investigation ■ Hildebrandt, Arne-Christoph; Wahrmann, Daniel; of biologic joints by robotic arms, DGR Days, 2016 Sygulla, Felix; Wittmann, Robert; v. Deimling, ■ Wagner, C.; Proux, B.; Krinner, A.; Thümmel, T.; Constantin; Rixen, Daniel, Autonomous Robotics: 4KZGP&4QVQTF[PCOKM/QFGNNKGTWPIWPF'KPƅWUU Application on Legged and Agricultural Robots, von Schrägkugellagern für Hochdrehzahlanwendun- DGR Days, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Robotik, 2016 gen, Second IFToMM D-A-CH Conference, 2016 ■ Hildebrandt, Arne-Christoph; Demmeler, Manuel; ■ Wahrmann, Daniel; Hildebrandt, Arne-Christoph; Wittmann, Robert; Wahrmann, Daniel; Sygulla, Felix; Wittmann, Robert; Sygulla, Felix; Rixen, Daniel; Rixen, Daniel; Buschmann, Thomas, Real-Time Pre- Buschmann, Thomas, Fast Object Approxima- dictive Kinematic Evaluation and Optimization for tion for Real-Time 3D Obstacle Avoidance with Biped Robots, IEEE/RSJ International Conference Biped Robots, IEEE International Conference on on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), 2016 Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM), IEEE, ■ Hildebrandt, Arne-Christoph; Schuetz, Christoph; 2016 Wahrmann, Daniel; Wittmann, Robert; Rixen, Daniel, ■ Wittmann, Robert; Hildebrandt, Arne-Christoph; A Flexible Robotic Framework for Autonomous Wahrmann, Daniel; Sygulla, Felix; Rixen, Daniel; Manufacturing Processes: Report from the Euro- Buschmann, Thomas, Model-Based Predictive pean Robotics Challenge Stage 1, IEEE Interna- Bipedal Walking Stabilization, IEEE-RAS Interna- tional Conference on Autonomous Robot Systems tional Conference on Humanoid Robots, 2016 and Competitions (ICARSC), 2016 ■ Xu, D.; Karamooz, Morteza Mahdiabadi; Bartl, ■ Hofmann, O.; Strauß, P.; Schuckert, S.; Huber, B; Andreas; Rixen, Daniel J., A Comparison of Com- 4KZGP&9CEJVOGKUVGT)+FGPVKƄECVKQPQH#IKPI mon Model Updating Approaches, Proceedings of Effects in Common Rail Diesel Injectors Using the 34th IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on )GQOGVTKE%NCUUKƄGTUCPF0GWTCN0GVYQTMU5#' Structural Dynamics, 2016 Technical Paper, 2016 ■ Hofmann, Oliver; Huber, Benedikt; Rixen, Daniel, Robust Injection Rate Estimation in Common Rail Diesel Injectors with Nozzle Wear, Proceedings of the FISITA 2016 World Automotive Congress, 2016 ■ Karamooz, Morteza Mahdiabadi; Bartl, Andreas; Rixen, Daniel J., Effect of Interface Substitute when Applying Frequency Based Substructuring to the Ampair600 Wind Turbine Rotor Assembly, Proceedings of the 34rd IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics, 2016

232 Applied Mechanics Thermodynamics

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■1WTTGUGCTEJIWKFGNKPGKUVJGRTQRQUKVKQPVJCVUEKGPVKƄETGUGCTEJKPCP engineering school should be focused on problems with high techno- NQIKECNTGNGXCPEG#MG[VQTGCNK\KPIQWTOKUUKQPKUVJGENQUGEQQRGTCVKQP with industry in general and in particular with partners who – developing their top-class global products at the leading edge of technology – have encountered barriers that might be overcome by fundamental research.

Our partner industries are optimizing their power plants and in the process industries technologies towards a lower carbon foot- are addressed by our work on detonation print, integration with renewable power CPFQPVYQRJCUGƅQYU(KPCNN[HWTVJGT sources and environmental compatibility. research is devoted to the grand challenge 6JGKTTGUGCTEJPGGFUCTGTGƅGEVGFKPQWT of providing clean water to the world. Prof. Dr.-Ing. three research clusters: The increase of The appreciation of our technologically ori- Thomas Sattelmayer HWGNGHƄEKGPE[CPFQRGTCVKQPCNƅGZKDKNKV[ ented research approach in the technical of gas turbines and large reciprocating EQOOWPKV[KUTGƅGEVGFD[VYQ#5/')CU Contact engines at low pollutant emissions Turbine Awards for the best publication www.td.mw.tum.de requires fundamental research on pol- of the year on gas turbines and numerous [email protected] lutant formation and emission, reliability, best paper awards which our research Phone +49.89.289.16217 combustion instabilities and multi-phase group has received during the past two phenomena. Safety issues in nuclear decades from several organizations.

Combustion Emissions and Reliability

1. Boundary Layer Flashback A detailed understanding of the underlying in Premixed Combustion of physical mechanism as well as tools to Highly Reactive Fuels RTGFKEVVJGƅCUJDCEMNKOKVUCTGQHITGCV interest in the design of gas turbine Motivation and Objectives burners. If modern gas turbines are operated on highly reactive fuels such as hydrogen, Approach to Solution ƅCOGƅCUJDCEMKPUKFGVJGDWTPGToUYCNN Experimental studies including laser boundary layer is a major issue which diagnostics have been performed to limits stable and safe operation. analyze the mechanism of boundary layer

6WTDWNGPEGFKUVTKDWVKQPQHCJ[FTQIGPCKTƅCOGCVPGCT ƅCUJDCEMEQPFKVKQPUHTQORCTVKENGKOCIGXGNQEKOGVT[ *[FTQIGPCKTƅCOGCVƅCUJDCEMHTQO1* EJGOK (PIV). Upper and lower parts represent different luminescence imaging equivalence ratios.

Thermodynamics 233 ƅCUJDCEM$CUGFQPVJKUMPQYNGFIG Low Load Operation of UGOKCPCN[VKECNOQFGNUVQRTGFKEVVJGƅQY In-line Syngas Generation XGNQEKV[CVƅCUJDCEMJCXGDGGPFGXGNQRGF To extend the turn-down the fuel can be HQTFKHHGTGPVƅCOGEQPƄIWTCVKQPU+P converted to syngas with a higher reac- CFFKVKQPƄTUVCVVGORVUVQTGRTQFWEGVJG tivity than natural gas. Theoretical system experimental results in numerical simula- analysis shows the feasibility and potential tions have been realized. of the process. Experimental investigation of the combination of a fuel pre-processor Key Results which produces syngas with a hydrogen $QWPFCT[NC[GTƅCUJDCEMKUOCKPN[KPƅW- content of 30% and a generic gas turbine GPEGFD[VJGXGNQEKV[CPFVWTDWNGPEGƄGNF combustor prove the technical feasibility. at the burner exit. Especially for hydrogen- Here the lean limits of the premixed TKEJHWGNUƅCOGUVTGVEJUKIPKƄECPVN[ EQODWUVKQPƅCOGVGORGTCVWTGEQWNFDG KPETGCUGUVJGƅCUJDCEMTKUM8GNQEKV[ extended to 150K below the limit for nat- oscillations due to thermoacoustic insta- ural gas. This corresponds to a decrease DKNKVKGUECPECWUGVJGƅCOGVQRGTKQFKECNN[ of 20% in terms of thermal power without enter into the premixing section. This violating CO emission limits. UVTQPIN[KPETGCUGUVJGDWTPGToUƅCUJDCEM propensity. The two semi-analytical Power Augentation by Water Injection OQFGNUHQTVJGECNEWNCVKQPQHƅCUJDCEM Water injection in premixed gas turbine limits developed in 2016 are a remarkable EQODWUVQTUTGFWEGUVJGƅCOGVGORGTC- CFXCPEGKPƅCUJDCEMOQFGNNKPI ture and increases the power output. In order to understand the effects occurring Related Projects The combustion of hydrogen-rich fuels is further studied in the context of energy recovery from chemical hydrogen storage KPOKETQICUVWTDKPGU(QTJKIJGHƄEKGPE[ hydrogen combustion in a micro gas turbine, the exhaust gas heat needs to be recovered in a recuperator. This leads to high pre-combustion temperatures and VJGTGHQTGCJKIJUWUEGRVKDKNKV[VQƅCUJ- back in the premixing zone.

2. Operational Flexibility of )CUVWTDKPGEQODWUVQToUƅCOG Gas Turbine Power Plants during premixed combustion with water Motivation and Objectives injection, experimental and numerical To balance the increasing share of volatile studies are performed. Low emission power from renewable power sources combustion with high water to fuel ratios JKIJN[ƅGZKDNGEQPXGPVKQPCNRQYGTRNCPVU was achieved and substantial understand- are needed. Gas turbine power plants ing of CO formation has been gained have the potential to quickly adjust to by experimental and numerical studies. changing power demand but their operat- The results lead to design rules for water ing range is curbed by emission con- injection systems. CFD simulations in straints. Towards very low loads, i.e. high cooperation with another project on turn-down, a sudden strong increase of burn-out in staged combustion systems CO and UHC emissions occurs whereas will consolidate the understanding of CO high NOx emissions limit the high power formation and validate the design rules. end of the range.

234 Thermodynamics +PƅWGPEGQH9CVGT+PLGEVKQPQP of the same average fuel-oxidator ratio. 6JGTOQCEQWUVKEUQH2TGOKZGF(NCOGU Using the SuperMUC high performance Combustion instabilities are of major cluster of the Leibniz Supercomputing concern in gas turbine combustors. Thus Center the explosion analysis in the the impact of water injection on dynamic containment of a Konvoi-type pressurized ƅCOGTGURQPUGCEQWUVKEOQFGUCPFKVU water reactor demonstrated the capabili- damping rates were investigated. Using ties of the developed solver in a full-scale a newly developed technique which application. analyzes combustion noise spectra the In a joint project with Korea Electric Power acoustic damping rate of the combustor Company Engineering & Construction, eigenfrequencies could be expressed the manufacturer of South Korea’s new as a function of the water-to-fuel ratio. pressurized water reactor APR1400, the Based on this data it has been shown that method has recently been introduced in stable operation of the tested combustion nuclear industry. Future experimental and chamber can be achieved for water-to-fuel numerical research is directed towards the ratios of up to 2:1. For the thermal power KPƅWGPEGQHECTDQPOQPQZKFGsCPQVJGT load of the combustor this corresponds ƅCOOCDNGICUVJCVOC[DGRTQFWEGFKP to an increase of more than 40% without UKIPKƄECPVCOQWPVUCHVGTVJGHCKNWTGQHVJG TCKUKPIƅCOGVGORGTCVWTGCPFRQNNWVCPV reactor pressure vessel in core – melt- emissions. down accidents.

3. Explosion Research: 4. Internal Combustion Engines &GƅCITCVKQPVQ&GVQPCVKQP6TCPUKVKQP Motivation and Objectives Using the open-source library Open- Since dual-fuel combustion of natural gas FOAM, a new CFD combustion solver with diesel pilot ignition is a promising has been developed at the institute in approach to address future emission the framework of two research projects standards this topic is the subject of funded by the German Federal Ministry several current studies at the Thermo- of Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi). dynamics Institute. Characterization and It supports the analysis of large-scale optimization of pilot ignition in the pre- hydrogen explosions as seen in the mixed natural gas/air charge can lead to Fukushima-Daiichi reactor accident. A CPKPETGCUGKPGHƄEKGPE[#PQVJGTKPXGUVK- focus is placed on the hazardous def- gation tackles the formation of NO2 under lagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) these conditions; a toxic pollutant that is which creates high pressure loads on increasingly emitted at certain loads. The the containing structure. The method is third ongoing project aims to reduce the supposed to further advance the state of fuel slip – caused by quenching effects the art in nuclear safety analysis which is in the homogenously mixed charge – by currently based on empirical combustion controlling the mixture formation with regime transition criteria. high pressure direct injection of natural A topic of particular interest is the gas. KPƅWGPEGQHOKZVWTGKPJQOQIGPGKV[QP DDT. For code validation and further 'ZRGTKOGPVCN+PXGUVKICVKQPU detailed investigations the institute The ignition and combustion processes established the laboratory-scale GraVent in homogeneous charge methane/air explosion channel providing access for mixtures were investigated in a dynam- high-speed conventional and optical ically chargeable combustion cell under measurement techniques. Both numerical engine-like conditions. It could be shown and experimental studies revealed that that ignition probability and intensity are inhomogeneous mixtures can promote UVTQPIN[KPƅWGPEGFD[VJGCOQWPVQH ƅCOGCEEGNGTCVKQPCPFWNVKOCVGN[&&6KP pilot fuel, pilot injection pressure and the comparison with homogeneous mixtures air-fuel ratio.

Thermodynamics 235 Numerical Investigations The effect of fuel substitution on the ignition probability of the resulting fuel blend was studied using detailed reaction mechanisms. An auto-ignition model capable of handling mixtures of two fuel V[RGUYKVJUKIPKƄECPVN[FKHHGTGPVTGCEVKXKV[ was developed and successfully imple- mented in a commercial CFD software package. With these tools ignition and heat release in dual-fuel diesel engines are investigated for the two cases of homo- geneous charge and high pressure direct injection of gaseous fuel. Detailed kinetics simulations in homogenous reactors revealed the thermodynamic conditions

TGURQPUKDNGHQTVJGUKIPKƄECPV01012 conversion observed in these engines.

High emissions of NO2 were shown to be caused by small amounts of unburned Methane jet shortly after ignition by diesel pilot J[FTQECTDQPU FWGVQƅCOGSWGPEJKPIKP (shadowgraph image) the lean methane-air charge) reacting with NO during the expansion stroke and in the The investigation of natural gas high exhaust system. pressure direct injection combustion with diesel spray piloting was performed on a Related Projects rapid compression machine. The variation r Optimization of Diesel Pilot Ignition of spatial and temporal overlap of the pilot in Dual-Fuel Engines with High Mean spray and gas jet shows how the ignition Effective Pressures behavior is governed by the interaction r Investigation of Direct Injection Dual- between them. Fuel Combustion with Flexible Fuel In both experiments high speed imaging Combinations

QHƅCOGNWOKPGUEGPUGCPFQHUJCFQITC- r Numerical Simulation of NO to NO2 phy were applied. Conversion in Dual Fuel Engines

Combustion Instabilities and Noise

International Symposium on Thermo- and rocket engine thermoacoustics acoustic Instabilities in Gas Turbines as well as academic institutions and and Rocket Engines: Industry meets industrial companies in order to identify Academia overlapping research areas and to initiate collaborations. Topics discussed and #HQWTFC[UEKGPVKƄEU[ORQUKWOQP RTGUGPVGFKPUEKGPVKƄERCRGTUGUUKQPU advances in thermoacoustic oscillations covered the physical mechanisms, in gas turbine and rocket combustors analysis approaches, system optimization took place at the Institute of Advanced and many more. A special feature of the Study. Professor Sattelmayer initiated symposium were the nine invited keynote and hosted the event together with IAS’s talks given by experts from industry and Rudolf Diesel Fellow from GE Power, academia. Bruno Schuermans. The symposium The symposium’s participation exceeded connected the communities of gas turbine all expectations. In total, 54 papers were

236 Thermodynamics submitted and presented within 22 ses- are developed and cross-validated against sions. Over 100 participants and authors experimental data to obtain insight into came to Munich from all over the world the limit cycle behavior of high-frequency including the United States, the thermoacoustic oscillations. Beyond this, United Kingdom, Canada, Japan, Iran, the time domain models are utilized to South Korea, Australia, Germany, Switzer- develop and verify methods for system land, France, China and Italy. KFGPVKƄECVKQPYJKEJ[KGNFGUUGPVKCN $G[QPFVJGJKIJUEKGPVKƄESWCNKV[QHVJG information needed to design mitigation event an atmosphere was created which methodologies. fostered technical discussion, networking Numerical simulations in frequency with fellow researchers, planning of new domain based on linearized Navier Stokes research projects and collaborations. The equations (LNSEs) are carried out to yield participants gave very positive feedback JKIJƄFGNKV[UQNWVKQPUQHOWNVKFKOGPUKQPCN and encouraged the Institute of Thermo- thermoacoustic mode shapes in both gas dynamics to make the symposium a turbine and rocket combustors. Further- recurring event. more, linear stability assessments can be conducted by prescribing the source 1. High-Frequency Transversal terms in the governing equations with Thermoacoustics either analytically or numerically obtained transfer functions. Motivation and Objectives High-frequency thermoacoustic instabili- Key Results ties result from constructive interferences (QTVJGƄTUVVKOGFKUVTKDWVGFUQWTEGVGTOU between combustion heat release and for non-compact (multidimensional) gas acoustic oscillations. Multidimensional VWTDKPGVJGTOQCEQWUVKEUYGTGKFGPVKƄGF modes govern these instabilities and are of equal concern in both gas turbine and rocket motor combustion chambers. They physically manifest themselves as high-amplitude, self-sustained pressure pulsations in the combustion chamber. Potential consequences range from hardware damage, increased pollutant production to system failure. Avoiding these instabilities requires a thorough understanding of the physical mecha- nisms, the development of prediction models and mitigation tools. 6JGTOQCEQWUVKEUQWTEGVGTOFKUVTKDWVKQPCVƄTUV Methods and Approaches transversal mode Experiments were conducted using a model gas turbine combustor that exhibits modeled and cross validated. The self-sustained thermoacoustic pulsations employment of these source terms in the at frequencies of 3000 Hz connected to the developed high-frequency thermoacoustic ƄTUVVTCPUXGTUCNOQFG6JGF[PCOKEKPVGT- analysis tools allowed the simulation of CEVKQPDGVYGGPƅCOGCPFCEQWUVKEUKPVJG linear stability and limit cycle dynamics of chamber can be generalized by formulating the model gas turbine combustor. These adequate thermoacoustic source terms. studies provided fundamental understand- They are obtained by employing advanced ing on transversal mode dynamics. experimental measurement, post-process- For rocket engines source terms are ing and modeling approaches. obtained by simulations of the reactive Reduced order models (ROMs) for simu- ƅQYƄGNFKPENWFKPITGCNICUGHHGEVU9KVJ lating the time domain system dynamics these linear stability, limits of different

Thermodynamics 237 'ZRGTKOGPVCN#RRTQCEJ &KHHGTGPVFCORGTEQPƄIWTCVKQPUYKVJ respect to the number of dampers, their spatial distribution and the amount of purge air are investigated and compared to the baseline case without dampers. To assess the stability quantitatively three methods for damping rate computation from dynamic pressure data have been FGXGNQRGF6JGƄTUVOGVJQFKUDCUGFQP the analysis of the decay of the pulsating pressures after sudden shut-down of sirens providing single frequency acoustic excitation. The second method employs Probability density distribution of transversal mode UQECNNGF.QTGPV\KCPƄVVKPIVQVJGRTGUUWTG dynamics spectra resulting from turbulent combus- tion noise and the third method consists experimental benchmarks can be of the analysis of the autocorrelation of reproduced. In addition to this acoustic the acoustic pressures. propagation in three-dimensional space comprising nozzle, chamber, propellant Numerical Approach domes and absorber rings are computed The measured damping rates serve YKVJHTGSWGPE[FQOCKPƄGNFOGVJQFU as a validation database for a numerical methodology based on linearized Euler equations (LEEs) to quantitatively predict VJGKPƅWGPEGQHFCORGTU on the stability of the rig. The contribution of different combustor components to the acoustic damping of the entire system is also investigated based on this numerical approach and the effect of variations in the number of Instantaneous pressure distribution in a rocket motor implemented resonators on predicted PQ\\NGTGNCVGFVQJKIJGTQTFGTCEQWUVKEOQFG damping rates.

2. Annular Combustor Damping

Motivation and Objectives A major concern in modern industrial gas turbines is the occurrence of combustion instabilities. Annular combustors burning under lean conditions are susceptible to self-sustained azimuthal oscillations. A widely used countermeasure is the use of passive damping devices to suppress high CORNKVWFGRTGUUWTGRWNUCVKQPU'HƄEKGPV dissipation of acoustic energy by such Instantaneous pressure distribution in the annular resonators and hence the disruption of the combustor test rig with two damper impedances applied thermoacoustic feedback cycle, requires appropriate dimensioning and an effective placement strategy especially in case of annular combustors.

238 Thermodynamics 3. Combustion Noise determine the combustion noise spectra of two laboratory scale combustors. The The reduction of noise emissions from approach was validated by experiments modern aero engines demands for an and numerical computations with various improvement in the understanding of the levels of complexity. Very good agreement sources of combustion noise as well as with experimental data was obtained in the development of accurate predictive terms of pressure spectra in the frequency tools. Considerable progress on this topic range of interest. has been made in the framework of the (WTVJGTOQTGVJGKPƅWGPEGUQHVJGUQWTEG European project RECORD (Research On FKUVTKDWVKQPQHOGCPƅQYEQPXGEVKQPCPF Core Noise Reduction). A statistical noise of the boundary conditions on combustion model postprocessor was implemented noise spectra were studied. The accuracy in a hybrid CFD/CAA method in order to CPFGHƄEKGPE[QHVJGPQKUGOQFGNRQUV- processor was evaluated by a comparison with sources obtained from LES simu- lations. In this way the capability of the OGVJQFHQTHCUVCPFGHƄEKGPVEQODWUVKQP noise prediction was demonstrated.

%QODWUVKQPPQKUGURGEVTWOQHCRTGOKZGFNCDQTCVQT[ Pressure distribution related to a longitudinal acoustic UECNGEQODWUVQTEQORCTKUQPDGVYGGPGZRGTKOGPVU OQFGGZEKVGFD[DTQCFDCPFEQODWUVKQPPQKUG and simulation sources

Transport Phenomena

1. Transport Phenomena in Desalination

Motivation and Objectives Water processing and related power consumption within the constraints of an ecologically sustainable use of globally essential resources has become one of the major challenges of the 21st century. During the last decade research on the recovery of potable water from sea- and saline waste water has therefore under- gone a paradigm shift from a product centered activity to a comprehensive KPVGTFKUEKRNKPCT[ƄGNF To build up awareness and promote competence in this area, the Institute of Thermodynamics created the TUM DeSal Challenge which it hosted this year for the 4th time. Twelve student teams from Team WUT Solar Tower from Poland presenting their solar powered thermal desalination plant Croatia, Finland, Iran, Poland, Mexico, Chile, the USA and Germany developed

Thermodynamics 239 consumption of desalination processes the OCLQTTGUGCTEJƄGNFUQHVJGKPUVKVWVGCTGVJG operation of reverse osmosis (RO) systems powered by renewable sources and the investigation of membrane distillation (MD). &TCYKPIQPVJGUEKGPVKƄEJGTKVCIGHTQOJGCV and mass transfer phenomena in single- CPFOWNVKRJCUGƅQYUCUYGNNCUQPUWRRN[ and process engineering the research goals lie in the knowledge based improvement of the processes.

Approach to Solution The institute collaborates with the Dead Sea and Arava Science Center in Israel, OWT GmbH, Millenium electric, Gore and 2TQH&T*CPU%WTV(NGOOKPI VJGKTQYPKFGCUVQƄIJVINQDCNYCVGT memsys GmbH in two research projects from the University of Duisburg- scarcity. The teams had to convince an funded by the Federal Ministry of Educa- 'UUGP(CEWNV[QH%JGOKUVT[s $KQƄNO%GPVTGQRGPKPIVJG;QWPI expert jury with creative solutions which tion and Research (BMBF). The PV/T-RO Scientists Colloquium 2016 they cast into small-scale desalination project focuses on the process operation pilot plants powered by renewable power FWGVQVJGƅWEVWCVKPIRQYGTUWRRN[QH sources. The event’s highlight was the solar systems (photovoltaic/thermal, PV/T) DeSal Networking Dinner that brought and smallest energy storage. The project together young professionals, researchers SPACE considers vacuum membrane and business representatives working in distillation (VMD) processes to treat saline VJGƄGNF solutions up to saturation for different The competition was accompanied by applications in air conditioning and zero a ‘Young Scientists Colloquium’ where liquid discharge (ZLD). Ph.D. students from Germany gave an The thermal driven process of VMD can overview of the most up-to-date research operate at salinities that go beyond the topics related to desalination research. limits of RO, which has to overcome the Here membrane desalination technologies osmotic pressure of saline solutions. This draw increasing attention due to the is a necessary feature especially in brine lower power requirement as compared to treatment of desalination plants or waste thermal systems. Facing the high power water treatment up to the so-called ZLD.

Pilot Plant in the Arava Desert in Israel (Picture from DSAASC)

240 Thermodynamics Its operability at low temperatures (up to 80 °C) allows the utilization of waste heat from industrial processes or coupling to renewable sources. Reliable simulation models require validation on accurate data of the dominant physical processes at the membrane under the relevant operating conditions. Combining Interferometry and Laser-Schlieren optics with refractive ƄGNFUKOWNCVKQPCKOUCVVJGPQPKPXCUKXG optical measurement of membrane boundary layers with strong refractive-in- dex-gradients at RO operating pressures up to 60 bar. 5VWF[QHRWNUCVKNGƅQYUKPURCEGTƄNNGFEJCPPGNU 2-D CFD simulation using OpenFOAM Key Results This year a solar driven RO pilot plant was Starting from the investigation of dynamic installed in Israel and experiments were RJGPQOGPCKP41FWGVQƅWEVWCVKPI successfully conducted. Based on these energy supply, it was found that pul- results and on a thermodynamic analysis UCVKNGƅQYUECPNGCFVQCUKIPKƄECPV of solar powered desalination systems, performance increase. A CFD simulation design guidelines were developed. Trans- UVWF[UJQYGFVJCVVJGYCVGTƅWZECP ferring these results to other membrane be increased up to 18% dependent on processes, the performance of a new geometry, amplitude and frequency of the combination of electrodialysis (ED) and pulsation. The results were presented at PV/T collectors was numerically analyzed the EDS conference in Rome. and presented at the EDS conference in Concerning VMD, during the last years, Rome. the institute built up a research infrastruc- ture to investigate the technology from multi-effect industrial systems down to heat and mass transfer phenomena in the membrane channels with respect to scaling behavior and membrane wetting. A two-year operational study of a multi- effect VMD system together with memsys GmbH for regeneration of liquid desic- cants has been successfully completed and published. 3D simulation of membrane distillation channels using OpenFOAM 2. Dynamic Coupling of TFM and VOF Coupling interferometry (left) and Approaches to Simulate Horizontal Laser-Schlieren (right) to simulta- neously investigate concentration Prediction and modeling of the per- Two-Phase Flow with Strong Scale boundary layers in RO formance of RO systems need highly Variations accurate experimental data. Independent experimental data for a boundary layer Motivation and Objectives under the same operating conditions allow The modeling of the accident-induced not only quantitative validation of each transient thermo-hydraulic behavior of measurement result, but make an increase nuclear facilities is a major part of reactor in measurement accuracy possible, safety research. A particular phenomenon especially in the presence of strong hereby is the occurrence of gas-liquid- concentration- and thus refractive-index VYQRJCUGƅQYRQUUKDNGCUCTGUWNVQH gradients. loss-of-coolant accidents (LOCA).

Thermodynamics 241 and implemented in an open source CFD toolbox (OpenFOAM). Additional model extensions to simulate the transport of interfacial area concentration allow the dynamic detection of dispersed and UVTCVKƄGFƅQYTGIKQPU6JGOQFGNYCU validated using experimental data from an optical test rig at the institute which allows VJGKPXGUVKICVKQPQHVJGVYQRJCUGƅQY patterns.

Key Results /WNVKRJCUGƅQYRCVVGTPUYKVJUVTQPI variations in scale are placing particu- lar demands on numerical modeling approaches, with respect to storage Comparison of adaptive mesh Due to gravitational forces, a separation capacity, computational costs and TGƄPGOGPVHQTEWTXCVWTGCPF of the phases in horizontal coolant pipes ƅGZKDKNKV[6QOGGVVJGUGTGSWKTGOGPVU KPVGTHCEGƄGNF EQWNFCTKUG6JKUOC[NGCFVQUVTCVKƄGF C|PWOGTKECNOGVJQFYCUFGXGNQRGFYJKEJ ƅQYYJGTGEGTVCKPƅQYEQPFKVKQPUEQWNF combines the advantages of the scale KPFKECVGVJGVTCPUKVKQPVQRNWIƅQYQTUNWI CXGTCIKPI'WNGT'WNGTVYQƅWKFOQFGNKP ƅQY5WEJJKIJN[KPVGTOKVVGPVƅQYTGIKOGU terms of computational effort with the are responsible for pressure pulsations CDKNKV[QHVJGXQNWOGQHƅWKFOQFGNVQUKO- which can stress structure materials WNCVGUVTCVKƄGFƅQYTGIKQPUKPCSWCPVKVC- inadmissibly. The entrainment of the tively correct manner. The new method is gaseous phase at the front of propagating EJCTCEVGTK\GFD[CJKIJFGITGGQHƅGZKDKNKV[ UNWIUUGGOUVQJCXGCETWEKCNKPƅWGPEG considering dynamic transition processes QPVJGRTGUUWTGFTQRCNQPIVJGƅQY6Q DGVYGGPFKURGTUGUCPFUVTCVKƄGFƅQY predict the behavior of nuclear facilities in regions. The algorithm to distinguish the post-accident situations, modeling of the KPXQNXGFƅQYTGIKQPUWVKNK\GUKPVGTHCEKCN RTGUGPVGFƅQYTGIKOGUKUTGSWKTGF6JG EWTXCVWTGCUCUECNCTƄGNFXCTKCDNGYJKEJ project of this subject is funded by the is dynamically transported to incorporate Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and the effects of interface structure interac- Energy (BMWi) and the Gesellschaft für tion on phase exchange processes. Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS).

Approach to Solution Since the phenomena occurring in the ƅQYTGIKOGUOGPVKQPGFCTGFKUVTKDWVGF over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales which, in themselves, cover a wide variety of orders of magnitude, modeling and prediction using numerical methods emerges as pretty complex. Starting from a scale averaging model based QPCP'WNGTKCPHTCOGYQTMVJGVYQƅWKF model (TFM) is conditioned in order to allow partial scale resolving features. The Fluid interface representation colored with the model solves one set of partial differential macroscopic curvature value in the simulation of a 3D FCODTGCMYKVJQDUVCENG&KURGTUGFƅQYTGIKQPUCTG GSWCVKQPUHQTGCEJƅQYKPXQNXGFƅWKF OCTMGFD[TGFDQZGU phase. Special treatment for the momen- tum exchange based on non-resolved interfacial morphology was developed

242 Thermodynamics Awards and Honors

Golden Teaching Award Willy Messerschmitt Prize 2016 Norbert Heublein won the Golden Teach- After Jutta Pieringer (2008) and Jannis ing Award (2nd place) in the category Gikadi (2013), Thomas Fiala was the third ‘Bachelor Exercises’. This award is Ph.D. of the Thermodynamics Institute given by the Department of Mechanical to receive the Willy Messerschmidt Prize, Engineering Department on behalf of the which honors the best thesis of the students of the department in recognition Department of Mechanical Engineering of his commitment and performance in in Aerospace Engineering. The title of his VGCEJKPI6JGTOQF[PCOKEU|+ award winning dissertation is ‘Radiation from High Pressure Hydrogen-Oxygen MegaWATT-Doctoral Thesis Award Flames and its Use in Assessing Rocket Thomas Fiala was given the MegaWATT Combustion Instability’. Award for his dissertation ‘Radiation from High-Pressure Hydrogen-Oxygen Flames Manfred Hirschvogel Prize 2016 and its Use in Assessing Rocket Com- The Manfred Hirschvogel prize for the best bustion Instability’. This prize is awarded thesis of the year with a focus on automo- D[VJG5EKGPVKƄE9QTMKPI)TQWR6GEJPKECN tive and production engineering went to Thermodynamics e.V. (WATT) for the most Dr.-Ing. Manuel Lorenz for his dissertation outstanding dissertation of the year in the ‘Reduction of Heating Loads and Interior ƄGNFQH'PIKPGGTKPI6JGTOQF[PCOKEUKP Window Fogging in Vehicles’. Germany. ASME Turbo Expo Best Technical Paper WATT-Master’s Thesis Award Award 6JG5EKGPVKƄE9QTMKPI)TQWR6GEJPKECN The Institute of Thermodynamics was Thermodynamics (WATT) awarded Payam given an ASME Best Technical Paper Mohammadzadeh Keleshtery a prize Award, chosen by the International for his Master Thesis ‘Hybrid Modeling Gas Turbine Institute’s Combustion, Approach for Thermoacoustic Character- Fuels and Emissions Committee. Georg ization of a Lean Premixed, Swirl-Stabi- Baumgartner’s prize-winning publication, lized Combustor with Water Injection’. ‘Experimental Investigation of the Tran- sition Mechanism From Stable Flame Best Paper Awards at ICONE to Flashback to a Generic Premixed At this year’s ICONE (International Confer- Combustion System with High Speed ence on Nuclear Engineering) in Charlotte Micro-PIV and Micro-PLIF combined with (USA), two TD researchers (Peter Katzy Chemiluminescence Imaging’ was pre- and Josef Haßlberger) were presented a sented at the Turbo Expo in Montreal 2015 Best Paper Award for their contributions and published in the ASME Journal of ‘Application of High-Speed OH-PLIF Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power. Technique for Improvement of Lean Hydrogen-Air Combustion’ and ‘Modeling ASME Dedicated Service Award and Massively Parallelized Simulation of Christoph Hirsch was honored at the &GƅCITCVKQPVQ&GVQPCVKQP6TCPUKVKQPKPC Turbo Expo 2016 in Seoul with an ASME Konvoi-Type Pressurized Water Reactor’. Dedicated Service Award for his long and intensive support of the IGTI Combustion, Fuels and Emissions Committee CFE.

Thermodynamics 243 Research Focus Courses ■ Combustion emission and reliability ■ Thermodynamics I + II ■ Combustion instabilities and noise ■ Combustion ■ Transport phenomena ■ Desalination ■ Energy Optimization of Buildings Competence ■ Solar Engineering ■ Experimental and theoretical study of ■ Automotive Air Conditioning combustion and thermo-acoustics ■ Thermo-Fluiddynamics Lab ■ Stability analysis of combustion ■ Combustion Technology Lab systems ■ Solar Technology Lab ■ Experimental and theoretical study of ■ Data Acquisition & Controls Lab low-emission constant pressure and constant volume combustion Management ■ 5KOWNCVKQPQHƅQYJGCVVTCPUHGTCPF Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Sattelmayer combustion (Ordinarius) ■ Experimental and theoretical study of Prof. em. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.h. VYQRJCUGƅQYCPFDQKNKPI Franz Mayinger (Emeritus) Prof. i. R. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. habil. Infrastructure Johannes Straub (Emeritus) ■ Mechanical workshop, electronics workshop Senior Scientists ■ Combustion/combustion instability Dr.-Ing. Christoph Hirsch research: Test cells for experiments Dr.-Ing. Markus Spinnler from lab to engine scale, 40bar laminar ƅCOGTKICVOQURJGTKEUKPINGDWTPGT Lecturer rigs 50-1000kW, annular combustor Dr.-Ing. Alexander Kolb ■ 1500kW, HP rig 10bar/500kW, water EJCPPGNHQTƅWKFF[PCOKEUCPFOKZKPI Administrative Staff studies. 80/200mm rapid compression Helga Bassett machines, dynamical constant volume Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Sigrid Schulz-Reichwald combustion cell, detonation channel ■ 6YQRJCUGƅQYTGUGCTEJDQKNKPINQQR Research Scientists water-air two-phase loop, test rigs for Ehsan Arabian, M.Sc. studies of catalytic process Dipl.-Ing. Stefan Bauer ■ Tools: high speed (HS) PIV, PIV, LDV, Dipl.-Ing. Max Baumgärtner PDA, HS LIF, CW lasers, HS cameras Frederik Berger, M.Sc. MHRUKPVGPUKƄGTUURGEVTQOGVGTU Michael Betz, M.Sc. ƄNVGTUFKIKVCNJQNQITCRJ[GOKUUKQP Moritz Bruder, M.Sc. analyzers, dynamical temperature and Alexander Chemnitz, M.Sc. RTGUUWTGRTQDGUENWUVGTHQTUEKGPVKƄE Dipl.-Ing. Paul Christ computing, numerous codes (CFD, Hannes Dietz, M.Sc. LNSE, LEE, acoustics, reaction kinetics, Aaron Endres, M.Sc. etc.) Dipl.-Ing. Georg Fink Dipl.-Ing. Marcus Grochowina Dipl.-Ing. Balbina Hampel Dipl.-Ing. Josef Haßlberger Gerrit Heilmann, M.Sc. Norbert Heublein, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Vera Hoferichter Tobias Hummel, M.Sc. Michael Jud, M.Sc. Peter Katzy, M.Sc. Florian Kiefer, M.Sc.

244 Thermodynamics Dr. -Ing. Nancy Kings Technical Staff Noah Klarmann, M.Sc. Bernhard Strobl Dipl.-Ing. Alexander Kroiß Thomas Schleussner Stephan Lellek, M.Sc. Jens Hümmer Payam Mohammadzadeh Keleshtery, M.Sc. Josef Dorrer Dipl.-Ing. Alexander Präbst Gerhard Giel Mayameen Rede, M.Sc. Ogulcan Kocer Paul Riffat, M.Sc. Marjanovic Tomislav Pedro Romero Vega, M.Sc. Claus Wimmer Michael Schiffner, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Moritz Schulze Dipl.-Ing. Nicolai Stadlmair Max Zahn, M.Sc

Publications 2016

■ Ahrens, D.; Kolb, M.; Hirsch, C.; Sattelmayer, T.: ■ Chemnitz, A.; Sattelmayer, T.; Roth, C.; Haidn, O.J.; +PƅWGPEGQH2TGƅCOGCPF2QUVƅCOG/KZKPIQP01Z &CKOQP;-GNNGT4)GTNKPIGT2

QHFGƅCITCVKQPVQFGVQPCVKQPVTCPUKVKQPKP*2-air VGNOC[GT6/CVUWOWTC;+PƅWGPEGQH$QWPFCT[ mixtures. Experiments in Fluids Volume 57 (6), Layer Air Injection on Flashback of Premixed 2016, 1-13. Hydrogen-Air Flames. Proceedings of ASME Turbo ■ Boeck, L.R.; Berger, F.M.; Hasslberger, J.; Sattel- Expo, 2016. mayer, T.: Detonation propagation in hydrogen-air ■ Hummel, T.; Berger, F.; Schuermans, B.; Sattel- mixtures with transverse concentration gradients. mayer, T.: High-Frequency Thermoacoustic Modu- Shock Waves Volume 26 (Issue 2), 2016, pp. 181- lation Mechanisms in Swirl-Stabilized Gas Turbine 192. Combustors – Part Two: Modeling and Analysis. ■ Boeck, L.R.; Katzy, P.; Hasslberger, J.; Kink, A.; Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2016, 2016. Sattelmayer, T.: The GraVent DDT database. Shock ■ Hummel, T.; Hammer, K.; Romero, P.; Schuermans, Waves Volume 26 (Issue 2), 2016, pp. 181-192 B.; Sattelmayer, T.: Low-Order Modeling of Nonlin- ear High-Frequency Transversal Thermoacoustic Oscillations in Gas Turbine Combustors. Proceed- ings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2016, 2016.

Thermodynamics 245 ■ Hummel, T.; Berger, F.; Schuermans, B.; Sattel- ■ Roth, C.; Haidn, O.J.; Chemnitz, A.; Sattelmayer, T.; mayer, T.: Theory and Modeling of Non-Degenerate &CKOQP;(TCPM)/ØNNGT*

a Single-Element GCH4/GOX Rocket Combustor: Fuel Concentration for H2-Air Mixtures. Proceedings Chemistry Modeling and Turbulence-Combustion of ASME Turbo Expo, 2016. Interaction. 52nd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion ■ Utschick, M.; Sattelmayer, T.: Flame Holding in the Conference, 2016, 1-12. Premixing Zone of a Gas Turbine Model Combustor ■ Peterleithner, J.; Stadlmair, N.; Woisetschläger, After Forced Ignition of H2-NG-Air-Mixtures. J.; Sattelmayer, T.: Analysis of Measured Flame Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo, 2016. Transfer Functions With Locally Resolved Density ■ Weinzierl, J.; Kolb, M.; Ahrens, D.; Hirsch, C.; Sat- Fluctuation and OH-Chemiluminescence Data. telmayer, T.: Large-eddy Simulation of a Reacting Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power Jet in Cross Flow with NOx Prediction. Proceedings Volume 138 (Issue 3), 2016, 031504-1-031504-9. of ASME Turbo Expo 2016. ■ Präbst, A.; Kiefer, F.; Kroiss, A.; Spinnler, M.; ■ Wenzel, S.; Czapp, M.; Sattelmayer, T.: Numerical 5CVVGNOC[GT6+PƅWGPEGQH&[PCOKE1RGTCVKQPQH Investigation of Slug Flow in a Horizontal Pipe Using Reverse Osmosis Systems on Fluid Dynamics and a Multi-Scale Two-Phase Approach to Incorporate Mass Transfer by Investigation of 2-D Spacer Filled Gas Entrainment Effects. Proceedings of the 24th Channels.Desalination for the Environment: Clean International Conference on Nuclear Engineering, Water and Energy, 2016. 2016ICONE24-60259. ■ Präbst, A.; Lutz, M.; Spinnler, M.; Sattelmayer, T.: ■ Zahn, M.; Schulze, M.; Hirsch, C.; Sattelmayer, Solar Electrodialysis Powered by Photovoltaic/ T.: Impact of Quarter Wave Tube Arrangement on Thermal Collectors: Numerical Performance Damping of Azimuthal Modes. Proceedings of Analysis and Comparison with Reverse Osmosis ASME Turbo Expo 2016, ASME, 2016. and Photovoltaic Driven Systems. Desalination for the Environment: Clean Water and Energy, 2016.

246 Thermodynamics Sport Equipment and Materials

R&D in sports technology combining engineering, sports science and computational methods

■#JQNKUVKECRRTQCEJVQWPFGTUVCPFVJGKPVGTCEVKQPDGVYGGPCVJNGVG GSWKROGPVCPFGPXKTQPOGPVTGSWKTGUMPQYNGFIGKPOCVGTKCNUEKGPEG DKQOGEJCPKEURJ[UKQNQI[CPFGXGPRU[EJQNQI[(QTVJKUTGCUQPYG continued to build up collaborations with different TUM research facilities. ,WUVVQOGPVKQPCHGYQHVJGOYGPQYYQTMVQIGVJGTYKVJQWT$KQRQN[OGT ITQWRKP5VTCWDKPIYKVJVJG&GRCTVGOGPVQT2TGXGPVKQP4GJCDKNKVCVKQP and Sports Medicine and with the Chair of Psychology at TUM School of Management.

From our 2016 research activities four ■ Publication of a patent on energy highlights are worth mentioning: harvesting by the athletes’ motion and ■ Successful termination of our 3-year patent on emergency release for winter Prof. Dr.-Ing. Veit Senner research project on the heart rate sport equipment licensed by a German/ controlled electric bicycle ‘QUADRAD’. Russian company. Contact ■ Proof of concept of a new method to ■ Design and evaluation of a head www.spgm.tum.de non-invasively measure the athletes’ cooling system for helmets. [email protected] core temperature. Phone +49.89.289.15366

Towards Better Performance with Optimized Sport Equipment

Improving the performance in both top level and leisure time sports is one motivation for our work. The focus is on optimizing the energy transfer between athlete and equipment and on reducing the inherent energy loss. On the equip- ment level we try to achieve this by: ■ KORTQXGFƄVVKPIVQVJGKPFKXKFWCN (i.e. golf shaft), ■ better weight to stiffness ratio (i.e. bicycle frame), ■ using energy storage and return effects, ■ optimized heat- and moisture manage- OGPVQHURQTVUICTOGPVU KGPGYKPƄNNU for down jackets).

One example of our 2016 research in A silicone foot mounted on the testing TrakTester measurement of trac- VJKUƄGNFKUCPKPXGUVKICVKQPQPVTCEVKQP device simulates the forces which act on tion loads with various different surfaces and with the foot and behavior of trail running shoes. DQVJHQQVCPFTWPPKPIUJQG6JGCTVKƄEKCN lower leg at various different Trail running is typically practiced under foot can be maneuvered into all positions CPINGU +OCIG7NK$GP\67/ extreme boundary conditions with that are typical of athletic movements and the ground being sometimes muddy, put to the test as part of the experiment. A sometimes with gravel, sand, grass or multi-component measuring cell registers even ice and snow. As trail running is the force and torque delivered to the leg. often performed in terrain where deep falls These laboratory measurements are are possible, traction is not only a matter WUWCNN[EQODKPGFYKVJUVCPFCTFK\GFƄGNF of performance but also of safety. To tests. Professionals and non-professional objectively compare the traction behavior experienced runners give their subjective of different shoe soles and materials we ratings on a set of carefully selected items use a specially designed biomechanical which characterize the functionality of the testing device, the so-called TrakTester. sport equipment in test.

Sport Equipment and Materials 247 Understanding the Interaction between Athlete, Equipment and Environment

6JKUKORQTVCPVTGUGCTEJƄGNFKPURQTVU engineering continuous to be part of our work in 2016. A good example of this is the heat exchange between the sport helmet and the athlete. A dummy head has been equipped with a temperature controlled heating inside and 61 tempe- rature sensors on the surface. Several concepts of cooling devices (heat relief systems HRS) have been designed for helmet integration. They were then compared under standardized conditions in the climate chamber and their capacity VQEQQNVJGJGCFoUUWTHCEGYCUSWCPVKƄGF There is less cooling effect of a vaporative Measuring the head temperature cooling principle compared to a Heat Pipe distribution using helmets with dif- & Heat Sink System, which seems to be ferent prototype cooling devices +NNWUVTCVKQP5VGHCPKG2CUUNGT67/ more suited for such kind of application in Instrumented dummy head with temperature sensors bicycle helmets. QPVJGUWTHCEG 2JQVQ5VGHCPKG2CUUNGT67/

More Safety with Improved Protection Gear

In alpine skiing knee injuries remain the major challenge for improved protection equipment. Systematic analysis of injury situations and human anatomy suggest that mechatronic ski bindings may provide the solution. In order to develop the release algorithms of such mechatronic ski bindings, it is necessary to determine the point of force application (PFA) during the

+PUKFGXKGYQH67/UKZEQORQPGPVUMKDKPFKPI dynamometer

turn. Using a specially designed six- component measurement binding, we collect on-slope data and determine the PFA for different skiing maneuvers. Knowing the PFA and the values of the external load components, we can combine these with the measured joint kinematics. Both together allow us to perform inverse dynamics to calculate the Location of the point of force application during a set of turns. loadings to the critical knee ligaments.

248 Sport Equipment and Materials Health, Wellness and More Fun Through Technical Support

Sport and physical activity are considered as the preventive medicine not taken. Making physical activity part of daily or weekly routine thus is a strong predictor of long term self-management of health. In the last few years, a multitude of wearable smart phone accessories, such as activity trackers, smart watches or inertia sensors have come onto the market. They assist as a virtual coach, monitor vital parameters or even serve as a feedback system, if gait or 1WTRTQVQV[RGQHC\GTQJGCVƅGZUGPUQT posture differ from the normal. The future of wearables with sensors close, on or even in Sports engineering not only takes care of the body seems to be bright. developing those systems or improving their accuracy and usability. It is also in charge to validate them against gold standards. 1PGGZCORNGQHQWTYQTMKPVJKUƄGNFKUVJG development of a Biofeedback System for Thermal Strain (BIOSS). The goal is the establishment of a non-invasive measuring method to determine heat stress and a possible over- or dehydration state. Relevant parameters are measured, such as skin and core temperature, sweat rate, heart frequency, serum sodium via blood sampling venipuncture or local sweat sodium concentration using ion selective electrodes. The integration of multiple factors shall lead to more reliable Ergometer test in the climate chamber to validate a predictions of thermal strain and feedback new type of on skin sensor to measure core tempera- on reasonable counteractions in physically ture and dehydration state. active situations.

Research Focus Competence ■ Improved performance of sport equip- ■ Muscular-skeletal models and ment simulation ■ Safety and protection gear to avoid ■ 3D-motion analysis (optical, inertia, overloads DGPS) ■ Thermo-physiology in sport garment ■ Electromyography (EMG) and spiro- design metry ■ Footwear – sport surface interaction ■ Measurement of external loads and ■ Electric and muscle-powered light- plantar pressure weight vehicles ■ Development of physical models (foot and ankle, knee, lower leg)

Sport Equipment and Materials 249 Infrastructure Management ■ Mobile skin- and core-temperature Prof. Dr.-Ing. Veit Senner, Director measurement ■ Multi-body simulation software SIM- Administrative Staff PACK® Simona Chiritescu-Kretsch ■ Mobile EMG and spirometry ■ Video-based motion analysis Research Scientists ■ Leg surrogate with loading device Aljoscha Hermann, M.Sc. ■ Instrumented bicycle Dipl.-Sportwiss. Marius Janta, M.Sc. ■ 5-axis fatigue testing device for bicycle Bahador Keshvari, M.Sc. frames Dipl.-Kfm. techn. Univ. Philipp Kopp Dipl.-Ing. Daniel Meyer Courses Dipl.-Phys. Jürgen Mitternacht ■ Basic Skills of Science Stefanie Passler, M.Sc. ■ Applied Biomechanics Dipl.-Ing. Kilian Rauner ■ Sports Technology Daniela Schranner, M.Sc. ■ CAD-Basics (NEW WS16-17) ■ Practical Ergonomics ■ Digital Human Modeling ■ Advanced Biomechanics ■ Sports Engineering ■ Interdisciplinary Research Project

Publications 2016

■ Adam, C., & Senner, V. (2016). Which Motives ■ Passler, S., Mitternacht, J., Janta, M., & Senner, V. are Predictors for Long-term Use of Exergames? (2016). Conceptual Development and Evaluation of Procedia Engineering, 147, 806-811. doi:10.1016/j. Heat Relief Principles for the Application in Bicycle proeng.2016.06.310 Helmets. Procedia Engineering, 147, 501-506. ■ Janta, M., Höschele, N., & Senner, V. (2016). The doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.228 Zero Heat Flux Method and Sweat Loss Modeling ■ Schranner, D., Scherer, L., Lynch, G. P., Korder, S., in Sports: Attempts of Next Generation Sports Brotherhood, J. R., Pluim, B. M., ... Jay, O. (2016). Information Systems. Procedia Engineering, 147, In-Play Cooling Interventions for Simulated Match- 643-648. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.262 Play Tennis in Hot/Humid Conditions. Medicine ■ Klare, S., Trapp, A., Parodi, J., & Senner, V. (2016). and Science in Sports and Exercise. doi:10.1249/ VacuuAir – A New Technology for High Performance MSS.0000000000001183 +PƅCVCDNG572U2TQEGFKC'PIKPGGTKPI ■ Senner, V., Lehner, S., Mitternacht, J., & Nusser, M. 561. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.238 (2015). Methodologische Probleme bei biome- ■ Knye, M., Grill, T., & Senner, V. (2016). Flexural chanischen Untersuchungen im Schneesport. In Behavior of Ski Boots Under Realistic Loads – The Schriftenreihe der ASH (Ed.), Skilauf und Snowboard Concept of an Improved Test Method. Procedia in Lehre und Forschung. 40 Jahre ASH (Vol. 23, pp. Engineering, 147, 342-347. doi:10.1016/j. 172-184). Hamburg: Feldhaus Verlag GmbH &Co. KG. proeng.2016.06.305 ■ Senner, V., Aringer, C., & Bengler, K. (2016). Just ■ Meyer, D., Zhang, W., & Tomizuka, M. (2015). Sliding another Title? MSc. Human Factors Engineering Mode Control for Heart Rate Regulation of Electric Versus Sports Engineering. Procedia Engineering, Bicycle Riders. In Proceedings of the ASME 2015 147, 890-895. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.283 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference (Vol. 2, ■ Supej, M., Senner, V., Petrone, N., & Holmberg, V002T27A003). ASME Digital Collection. H.-C. (2017). Reducing the risks for traumatic and ■ Meyer, D., Kloss, G., & Senner, V. (2016). What is overuse injury among competitive alpine skiers. Slowing Me Down? Estimation of Rolling Resistan- British Journal of Sports Medicine, 51(1), 1-2. ces During Cycling. Procedia Engineering, 147, doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-096502 526-531. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.232 ■ Wanjek, M., Senner, V., Scharhag-Rosenberger, ■ Nusser, M., Hermann, A., & Senner, V. (2016). F., & Halle, M. (2016). Effects of different weight #TVKƄEKCN-PGG,QKPVCPF5MK.QCF5KOWNCVQTHQT loss intervention programmes in health clubs – an the Evaluation of Knee Braces and Ski Bindings. observational multicenter study. European Journal Procedia Engineering, 147, 220-227. doi:10.1016/j. of Sport Science. doi:10.1080/17461391.2016.113 proeng.2016.06.217 9628.

250 Sport Equipment and Materials Energy Systems

Power generation and solid fuel conversion

■ The focus of the Institute for Energy Systems in 2016 was to investigate future power generation systems and solid fuel conversion processes.

Our research can be divided into four Key competences regarding modeling and areas: Power Plant Technology, Renewable simulation are CFD simulations of com- Energy, Modeling and Simulation, as well DWUVKQPCPFICUKƄECVKQPRTQEGUUGUGPVKTG as Measurement Technology. We cooper- process simulations, burner design, form ate with research institutions and industrial optimization of blade and seal geometry, companies on a number of national as well as the simulation of deposition and and international research projects. The slagging tendencies. GZRGTVKUGQHVJGKPUVKVWVGKUCNUQTGƅGEVGFKP Furthermore, a Siemens GuD Simulator Prof. Dr.-Ing. the large number of operated test rigs and (SPPA-T3000) is hosted at the Institute for Hartmut Spliethoff applied measurement technologies. The Energy Systems, which makes it possible mechanical workshop, electronics lab and to simulate various power plant processes, Contact chemical lab are also essential parts for the and to test the control system of power www.es.mw.tum.de experimental operability at our institute. plants. [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.16270

Power Plant Technology

Power plant steel pipelines

With a stronger presence of renewable 2016. Further test rigs include an oxyfuel energy sources in the power grid, com- EQODWUVKQPEJCODGTCPFGPVTCKPGFƅQY DKPGFE[ENGUCPFEQCNƄTGFVJGTOCNRQYGT reactors. The oxyfuel combustion of coal plants are subject to more frequent, is one of the three main research routes steep faster and larger load changes. The HQTVJGFGXGNQROGPVQHEQCNƄTGFRQYGT evaporator as a component in thermal plants with CO2 capture and storage power plants and its dynamic behavior is (CCS) systems. The aim is to develop and QHITGCVKPVGTGUVHQTƅGZKDNGRQYGTRNCPVU demonstrate combustion and boiling sys- To investigate the evaporation process tems on a commercial scale. Coal power under dynamic conditions, an evaporation plants on the basis of IGCC technology test rig was installed at the institute in KPVGITCVGFICUKƄECVKQPEQODKPGFE[ENG 

Energy Systems 251 OCKPN[WUGGPVTCKPGFƅQYICUKƄGTUCPF Projects QHHGTVJGCFXCPVCIGQHJKIJGHƄEKGPE[CPF ■ Energy Valley Bavaria – High pressure an opportunity for effective CCS. The pri- evaporation facility mary objective of the work at the institute ■ OnCord – Online corrosion monitoring is to lay the necessary foundations for the for combined combustion of coal and long-term development of future, highly chlorine-rich biomasses GHƄEKGPVJKIJVGORGTCVWTGICUKƄECVKQPRTQ- ■ *QV8G)CUs*KIJVGORGTCVWTGICUKƄEC- cesses with integrated hot gas cleaning VKQPCPFICURWTKƄECVKQP and optional CCS for IGCC power plants ■ KorrMind – Development of a corrosion and processes for the development of reduction concept synthetic fuels. Further projects, like the ■ COOREFLEX-turbo – Performance EU project OnCord, which is coordinated and characteristics of modern dynamic by the institute, investigate the use of sealing concepts coal and its inorganic constituents as a protective agent to prevent the formation of alkali metal chlorides at both laboratory/ test rig and industrial scale.

Renewable Energy

ment and methanation of the product gas HTQOCDKQOCUUICUKƄGTKUFGXGNQRGFCU well. The processed gas has to meet the criteria for integration into the natural gas grid. Furthermore, within the framework of the SYNSOFC project, the use of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) in combination YKVJCDKQOCUUICUKƄGTHQTIGPGTCVKPI electricity from biomass is investigated. The goal is to develop SOFCs which show a high tolerance against biogenic contam- inants. 6JGPGY'7RTQLGEV$KQHƄEKGPE[CKOU among other things, at the develop- OGPVQHPGZVIGPGTCVKQPDKQOCUUƄTGF %*2RNCPVUCPKPETGCUGKPGHƄEKGPE[ at elevated steam temperatures and

SNG test rig The use of biomass for electricity and heat the reduction of emissions – i.e. CO2,

production has moved increasingly into particulates, CO, NOx and SO2. focus. In the biomass work group, the goal is to investigate and solve problems and Projects limitations that arise in the thermal use of ■ $KQHƄEKGPE[s*KIJN[GHƄEKGPVDKQOCUU biomass. Key aspects are the reduction of CHP plants by handling ash-related emissions and unburned materials, trace problems elements like sulfur and chlorine com- ■ (.7*-'s'PVTCKPGFƅQYICUKƄECVKQP pounds, as well as alkalis and particles. with biochar Together with Suncoal Industries GmbH, ■ FNR – Thermal use of biomass in focusing on the process of hydrothermal high-temperature processes carbonization (HTC), the conversion of ■ SYNSOFC – Solid oxide fuel cells DKQEJCTKPCPGPVTCKPGFƅQYICUKƄGTKU ■ SNG – Decentralized production of investigated. A procedure for the treat- synthetic natural gas from biomass

252 Energy Systems Modeling and Simulation

Modeling and simulation of solid fuel conversion play an important role in several projects, e.g. HotVeGas and 50)%QORWVCVKQPCNƅWKFF[PCOKE %(&  simulations are applied in order to gain a more detailed understanding of several EQODWUVKQPCPFICUKƄECVKQPRTQEGUUGU Furthermore, entire process simulations aim at evaluating the complete power plant system and possible synergies. As VJGƅGZKDKNKV[QHRQYGTRNCPVUIGVUKPVQ the focus of the operators – in addition to GHƄEKGPE[CPFGEQPQO[sVJGKPVGTCEVKQP of power plant processes during dynamic operation is investigated by means of dynamic simulations of power plants. An improved process understanding helps to ing designs of ORCs in combination with Siemens GuD Simulator develop better operating strategies and UWKVCDNGYQTMKPIƅWKFUCPFRQUUKDKNKVKGUQH (SPPA-T3000) QRVKOK\GFRQYGTRNCPVEQPƄIWTCVKQPU6YQ ƅGZKDNGJGCVFGEQWRNKPI different power plant types are investi- gated: combined cycle power plants and Projects EQCNƄTGFRQYGTRNCPVU6JGWUGQHJGCV ■ CleanTechCampus at low temperatures, like waste heat and ■ Energy Valley Bavaria – Dynamic geothermal heat, with organic Rankine simulation of power plants cycles (ORC) or the Misselhorn cycle is ■ ICER – Low grade waste heat recovery also a focus of research and is examined HQTGPJCPEGFGPGTI[GHƄEKGPE[ at the institute by means of process ■ Misselhorn cycle – Waste heat utiliza- simulations and experiments. Since 2016 tion at low temperatures several projects regarding process simula- ■ Bavarian Geothermal Alliance tion have started: The CleanTechCampus ■ GRAME – Deep-geothermal plants in Project, for example, aims to improve the the Southern German Molasse Basin CHP plant on site. The Bavarian Geother- ■ TcET – Thermochemical energy storage OCN#NNKCPEGHQEWUGUQPGHƄEKGPE[GPJCPE- unit for power plants and industrial heat

Research Focus Infrastructure ■ Power plant technology ■ Fuel laboratory and thermobalances ■ Renewable energies ■ Mechanical workshop and electronics ■ Modeling and simulation laboratory ■ Measurement technology ■ Experimental facilities and test rigs (in RCTVKEWNCTEQODWUVKQPCPFICUKƄECVKQP Competence reactors) ■ %QODWUVKQPCPFICUKƄECVKQPQHUQNKF ■ Steam cycles and waste heat utilization ■ Operation of pilot- and lab-scale test facilities ■ Process simulations and CFD simula- tions ■ Laser measurement technologies ■ Fuel and gas analysis

Energy Systems 253 Courses Research Scientists ■ Basic Course in Reaction Thermo- Michael Angerer, M.Sc. dynamics Dipl.-Ing. Moritz Becker ■ Chemical Reactors Dipl.-Ing. Ludwig Briesemeister ■ Energy and Economy Dipl.-Ing. Alexander Buttler ■ Energy from Biomass and Residuals Sebastian Eyerer, M.Sc. ■ Electricity Networks and Energy Felix Fischer, M.Sc. Markets Michael Geis, M.Sc. ■ Energy Systems I Andreas Geißler, M.Sc. ■ Electricity and Heat Storages Moritz Gleinser, M.Sc. ■ Numerical Methods for Energy Systems Dipl.-Ing. Clemens Griebel ■ Process Technology and Ecology in Stefan Härzschel, M.Sc. Modern Power Plants Dipl.-Ing. Stefan Halama ■ Renewable Energy Technology I/II Lynn Hansen, M.Sc. ■ Solarthermal Power Plants Julia Hentschel, M.Sc. ■ Steam Turbines Stephan Herrmann, M.Sc. ■ Sustainable Energy Systems Barbara Hetterich, M.Sc. ■ Thermal Power Plants (M.Sc. Power Cornelia Hörmann, M.Sc. Engineering) Matthäus Irl, M.Sc. ■ Thermodynamics in Energy Conversion Dipl.-Ing. Sebastian Jell (M.Sc. Power Engineering) Philipp Johne, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Steffen Kahlert Management Florian Kerscher, M.Sc. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hartmut Spliethoff, Director Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Kohlhepp Dr.-Ing. Stephan Gleis Michael Kremling, M.Sc. Dr.-Ing. Christoph Wieland Dipl.-Ing. Raphael Marro Dr.-Ing. Annelies Vandersickel Peter Ostermeier, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Sebastian Fendt Roberto Pili, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Gerrit Schatte Administrative Staff Robert Schwarz, M.Sc. Brigitte Demmel Miriam Sepke-Vogt, M.Sc. Xiaolu Pei Markus Steibel, M.Sc. Martina Rath Andreas Stephan, M.Sc. Heike Winter Markus Ulbrich, M.Sc. Wolf Gereon Wedel, M.Sc. Christian Wolf, M.Sc. Manuel Würth, M.Sc.

Technical Staff Christoph Berkel Albert Daschner Andrea Hartung Christopher Hofschaller Jürgen Knösch Michael Knecht Lino Krause Robert Riss Margarethe Schwindl

254 Energy Systems Publications 2016 (selected publications)

■ Angerer, M.; Djukow, M.; Spliethoff, H.: Simulation ■ Geis, M.; Herrmann, S.; Fendt, S.; Spliethoff, H.: FGTƅGZKDKNKUKGTWPIGKPGTKPFWUVTKG-9-)W&#PNCIG Degradation of the SOFC anode by contaminants in durch thermochemische energiespeicherung. TUM, biogenic gaseous fuels. 12th European SOFC & SOE 2016 Forum 2016, 5-8 July, Lucerne, Switzerland, 2016 ■ Angerer, M.; Djukow , M.; Riedl, K.; Gleis, S.; ■ Geißler, A.; Steibel, M.; Botteghi, F.; Spliethoff, H.: Spliethoff, H.: Simulation of cogeneration combined 'ZRGTKOGPVCNKPXGUVKICVKQPQHVJGGPVTCKPGFƅQY E[ENGRNCPVƅGZKDKNK\CVKQPD[VJGTOQEJGOKECN ICUKƄECVKQPQHCDKVWOKPQWUEQCNCPFCNKIPKVGVJ energy storage. Proceedings of ECOS 2016 – the International Freiberg Conference on IGCC & Xtl VJ+PVGTPCVKQPCN%QPHGTGPEGQP'HƄEKGPE[%QUV Technologies, 2016 Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact ■ Gleinser, M.; Wieland, C.: The Misselhorn cycle: QH'PGTI[5[UVGOULWPG2QTVQTQz DCVEJGXCRQTCVKQPRTQEGUUHQTGHƄEKGPVNQYVGORGTC- Slovenia, 2016 ture waste heat recovery. Energies, 2016, 337 ■ Blomberg, C. K.; Mitakos, D.; Bardi, M.; Boulouchos, ■ Gleinser, M.; Wieland, C.; Spliethoff, H.: New K.; Wright, Y. M.; Vandersickel, A.: Extension of the approach for transient simulation of closed batch phenomenological 3-Arrhenius auto-ignition model evaporation in a plate heat exchanger. Proceedings for six surrogate automotive fuels. SAE International Of Ecos 2016 – The 29th International Conference Journal of Engines, 2016 1P'HƄEKGPE[%QUV1RVKOK\CVKQP5KOWNCVKQP#PF ■ Botteghi, F.; Buttler, A.; Geißler, A.; Halama, S.; Environmental Impact Of Energy Systems June Kerscher, F.; Kurowski, P.; Meysel, P.; Nakonz, M.; 2QTVQTQz5NQXGPKC Rück, R.; Steibel, M.: Verbundvorhaben HotVeGas ■ Halama, S.; Spliethoff, H.: Reaction kinetics of II – HHV. Lehrstuhl für Energiesysteme, 2016, RTGUUWTK\GFGPVTCKPGFƅQYEQCNICUKƄECVKQPEQORW- ■ Briesemeister, L.; Fendt, S.; Gaderer, M.; Spliethoff, VCVKQPCNƅWKFF[PCOKEUUKOWNCVKQPQHC/95KGOGPU H.: Abschlussbericht FLUHKE – Trockene Nieder- VGUVICUKƄGT,'PGTI[4GUQWT6GEJPQN temperatur-Flugstromvergasung mit Bio-Kohlen aus 042204 der hydrothermalen Karbonisierung zur dezentralen ■ *GPVUEJGN,$CDKæ75RNKGVJQHH*#RCTCOGVTKE Energiebereitstellung von Strom und Wärme CRRTQCEJHQTVJGXCNWCVKQPQHRQYGTRNCPVƅGZKDKNKV[ mit einem Motor-BHKW. Technische Universität options. Energy Reports, 2016, 40-47 München, 2016, ■ Hentschel, J.; Zindler, H.; Spliethoff, H.: Dynamic ■ Briesemeister, L.; Geißler, A.; Halama, S.; Herrmann, UKOWNCVKQPQHC/9GNEQCNƄTGFRQYGTRNCPV S.; Kleinhans, U.; Steibel, M.; Ulbrich, M.; Scaroni, A. for extended secondary control power output. W.; Raschid Khan, M.; Eser, S.; Radovic, L. R.: Coal Technische Universität München, 2016 Pyrolysis. In: Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial ■ Hentschel, J.; Zindler, H.; Wieland, C.; Spliethoff, Chemistry. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, H.: Angepasste Sekundärregelcharakteristik durch Weinheim, 2016 dynamische Kraftwerkssimulation unter Berücksichti- ■ Briesemeister, L.; Kremling, M.; Fendt, S.; Spliethoff, gung des Zeitverhaltens von Steinkohlemühlen. In: N. *#KT$NQYP'PVTCKPGF(NQY)CUKƄECVKQPQH G.. Technische Universität München, 2016 Biocoal from Hydrothermal Carbonization. Chemical ■ Herrmann S.; Kahlert S.; Würth M.; Spliethoff H.: Engineering & Technology, 2016 Druckluftspeicherkraftwerk mit Dampfkreislauf. 14. ■ Briesemeister, L.; Kremling, M.; Fendt, S.; Spliethoff, Symposium Energieinnovation, 10-12.02.2016, Graz, *'ZRGTKOGPVCNKPXGUVKICVKQPQHVJGICUKƄECVKQPQH Austria, 2016 *6%DKQEQCNKPCM9CKTDNQYPGPVTCKPGFƅQY ■ Herrmann, S.; Jimenez Arreola , M.; Gaderer, reactor. 3rd International Conference on Renewable M.; Spliethoff, H.: Thermodynamic evaluation of Energy Gas Technology, Malmö, Sweden, 2016 integrated heat pipe reformer sofc system. Lehrstuhl ■ Buttler, A.; Dinkel, F.; Franz, S.; Spliethoff, H.: Energiesysteme, 2016 Variability of wind and solar power – An assessment ■ Herrmann, S.; Jimenez Arreola, M.; Geis, M.; Fendt, of the current situation in the European Union based 55RNKGVJQHH*'HƄEKGPVKPVGITCVKQPQH51(% on the year 2014. Energy 106, 2016, 147-161 CPFICUKƄECVKQPU[UVGO6GEJPKUEJG7PKXGTUKVÀV ■ Buttler, A.; Spliethoff, H.: Bedarf und Auslastung kon- München, 2016 ventioneller Kraftwerke im Zuge der Energiewende: ■ Herrmann, S.; Jimenez-Arreola, M.; Fendt, S.; Eine Metastudie. VGB Powertech, 2016 Spliethoff, H.: Thermo-economic evaluation of medi- ■ Buttler, A.; Spliethoff, H.: Kampf der Studien – Eine WOUECNGKPVGITCVGFDKQICUDKQOCUUICUKƄECVKQP Metaanalyse aktueller Energiesystemstudien and solid oxide fuel cell system. 3rd International zum Bedarf an Speichern und konventionellen Conference on Renewable Energy Gas Technology Kraftwerken im Kontext der Annahmen und der Malmö, Sweden 2016 historischen Entwicklung. Technische Universität ■ Herrmann, S.; Jimenez-Arreola, M.; Fendt, S.; München, 2016 )CFGTGT/5RNKGVJQHH*'HƄ\KGP\UVGKIGTWPIFGT ■ Eyerer, S.: Umweltverträgliche organische Arbeits- Biomassevergasung mittels Hochtemperaturbrenn- medien Experimenteller Vergleich von R1233zd-E als stoffzellen. 14. Symposium Energieinnovation, Ersatz für R245fa. LES, 2016 10-12.02.2016, Graz, Austria, 2016 ■ Eyerer, S.; Wieland, C.; Vandersickel, A.; Spliethoff, ■ Herrmann, S.; Kahlert, S.; Wuerth, M.; Spliethoff, H.: H.: Experimental study of an ORC (Organic Rankine 6JGTOQGEQPQOKEGXCNWCVKQPQHPQXGNƅGZKDNGCAES/ Cycle) and analysis of R1233zd-E as a drop-in CCPP concept. Proceedings of the ASME Turbo replacement for R245fa for low temperature heat Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference utilization. Energy 103, 2016, 660-671 and Exposition GT2016 June 13-17, 2016, Seoul, ■ Fischer, F.: CO2-Einbindung in dezentralen Biomas- South Korea, 2016 severgasungsanlagen. LES, 2016 ■ Herrmann, S.; Kahlert, S.; Würth, M.; Hartmut, H.: ■ Frandsen, F.; Fendt, S.; Spliethoff, H.: A continuation Druckluftspeicherkraftwerk mit Dampfkreislauf. 14. of 20 years of EU-funded research on fuel charac- Symposium Energieinnovation, 10-12.02.2016, Graz, terization, ash and deposit formation, and corrosion. Austria, 2016 Technische Universität München, 2016

Energy Systems 255 ■ Hetterich, B.; Dorfner, J.; Vandersickel, A.; Spliethoff, ■ Speth, K.; Murer, M.; Spliethoff, H.: Experimental H.: Optimal energy supply system and hourly opera- investigation of nitrogen species distribution in wood tion plan for the TUM campus Garching using linear EQODWUVKQPCPFVJGKTKPƅWGPEGQPPQZTGFWEVKQPD[ programming model URBS. Technische Universität combining air staging and ammonia injection. Energy München, 2016 & Fuels, 2016 ■ Jell, S.: Modellierung der Stickoxidbildung mit ■ Speth, K.; Murer, M.; von Raven, R.; Spliethoff, detailliertem Reaktionsmechanismus. Technische *+PƅWGPEGQH5VQKEJKQOGVT[CPF/KZKPIQP01Z Universität München, 2016 Reduction in Waste-to-Energy Plants. Energy & ■ Kahlert S.; Spliethoff H.: Flexibilitätspotential von Fuels, 2016 industriellen KWK-GuDAnlagen in Deutschland. 14. ■ 5RNKGVJQHH*4QDWUVGWPFGHƄ\KGPVG01Z/KPFGTWPI Symposium Energieinnovation, 10-12.02.2016, Graz, mit Ammoniak – Abschlussbericht. Abschlussbericht Austria, 2016 an die Bayerische Forschungsstiftung, 2016 ■ Kleinhans, U.; Rück, R.; Schmid, S.; Haselsteiner, ■ Spliethoff, H.; Halama, S.: 1. Zwischenbericht 2016 T.; Spliethoff, H.: Alkali Vapor Condensation on Heat HotVeGas. LES, 2016 Exchanging Surfaces: Laboratory-Scale Experiments ■ Spliethoff, H.; Wolf, C.; Stephan, A.; Kleinhans, and a Mechanistic CFD Modeling Approach. Energy U.; Aho, M.; Leino, T.; Hedman, M.; Engblom, N.; & Fuels 30 (11), 2016, 9793-9800 Waldmann, B.; McGhee,B.; Olivotto, S.; Coraggio, ■ Kleinhans, U.; Wieland, C.; Babat, S.; Scheffknecht, G.; Yrjas, P.; Bankiewicz, D.: ‘Online corrosion G.; Spliethoff, H.: Ash particle sticking and rebound monitoring for the combined combustion of coal behavior: A mechanistic explanation and modeling and chlorine-rich biomasses in pulverised fuel and approach. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, EKTEWNCVKPIƅWKFKUGFDGFU[UVGOUo1P%QTFs/KFVGTO 2016 Report. European Commission Research Programme ■ Kremling, M.; Briesemeister, L.; Fendt, S.; Gaderer, of the Research Fund for Coal and Steel, 2016 /5RNKGVJQHH*1Z[IGPDNQYPGPVTCKPGFƅQY ■ Stephan, A.; Balan, G.; Spliethoff, H.; Buchschuster, ICUKƄECVKQPQHDKQOCUUs4GUWNVUHTQOCMYVGUV A.; Haider, F.: Korrosionsminderungskonzept rig. LES, 2016 HT-Chlorkorrosion. Forschungsvereinigung Institut ■ Kremling, M.; Ulbrich, M.: HTC-Kohlen als Energie- für Energie- und Umwelttechnik, 2016 träger für die Vergasung. LES, 2016 ■ Stephan, A.; Schuler, F.; Wolf, C.; Spliethoff, H.: ■ Kremling, M; Ulbrich, M.; Marro, R.; Fendt S.: Zwi- Untersuchung der Ammoniumsulfat-Eindüsung schenbericht: Thermische Nutzung von Biomassen zur Korrosionsminderung an einem Bio-HKW. in Hochtemperatur-Prozessen. LES, 2016 Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie, 2016 ■ Kurowski, M. P.; Spliethoff, H.: Deposition and slag ■ Thiem, S.; Born, A.; Danov, V.; Vandersickel, A.; ƅQYOQFGNKPIYKVJ52*HQTCIGPGTKEICUKƄGTYKVJ Schaefer, J.; Hamacher, T.: Modeling of ice storages different coal ashes using fusibility data. Fuel 172, for integration in smart combined heat, cold and 2016, 218-227 power (CHCP) plants. Integration of Sustainable ■ Kurowski, M. P.; Spliethoff, H.: Deposition and slag- Energy Conference Nuremberg, July 11-12, 2016, IKPIKPCPGPVTCKPGFƅQYICUKƄGTYKVJHQEWUQPJGCV 201 VTCPUHGTTGCEVQTFGUKIPCPFƅQYF[PCOKEUYKVJ52* ■ Trubetskaya, A.; Jensen, P. A.; Jensen, A. D.; Steibel, Fuel Processing Technology 152, 2016, 147-155 M.; Spliethoff, H.; Glarborg, P.; Larsen, H.: Compar- ■ Liu, W.; Wieland, C.; Meinel, D.; Spliethoff, H.: Opti- ison of high temperature chars of wheat straw and mal heat source temperature for supercritical organic rice husk with respect to chemistry, morphology and rankine cycle. 16th International Refrigeration and Air reactivity. Biomass and Bioenergy, 2016 Conditioning Conference at Purdue, July 11-14, 2016 ■ Vandersickel, A.; Aboueldahab, A.: Electro-thermal ■ Meinel, D.; Braimakis, K.; Wieland, C.; Karellas, S.; electricity storage for decentralized power and heat Spliethoff, H.: Flexible two-stage turbine bleeding generation. Lehrstuhl Energiesysteme, 2016 organic rankine cycles (ORCs) for combined heat ■ Vandersickel, A.; Aboueldahab, A.; Spliethoff, H.: and power applications. Technische Universität Small-scale pumped heat electricity storage for München, Proceedings Of ECOS 2016 – The 29th decentralised combined heat and power generation: +PVGTPCVKQPCN%QPHGTGPEG1P'HƄEKGPE[%QUV cost optimal design and operation. Proceedings Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of ECOS 2016 – the 29th International Conference QH'PGTI[5[UVGOU,WPG2QTVQTQz5NQXGPKC QP'HƄEKGPE[%QUV1RVKOK\CVKQP5KOWNCVKQPCPF 2016 Environmental Impact of Energy Systems, june ■ Ostermeier, P.; Vandersickel, A.; Gleis, S.; Spliethoff, RQTVQTQzUNQXGPKC *0WOGTKECNUKOWNCVKQPQHICUUQNKFƄZGFDGF ■ Vandersickel, A.; Spliethoff, H.: Energiewende und TGCEVQTUCRRTQCEJGUUGPUKVKXKV[CPFXGTKƄECVKQP Energiespeicher Technische und wirtschaftliche Technische Universität München, 2016 Herausforderungen im Zuge der Energiewende. ■ Ostermeier, P.; Vandersickel, A.; Gleis, S.; Spliethoff, Technische Universität München, 2016 H.: Numerische Simulation der Hydrodynamik in ■ Vogt, M.; Fischer, F.; Fendt, S.; Spliethoff, H.: SNG

einer blasenbildenden Gas-Feststoff Wirbelschicht. RTQFWEVKQPHTQOICUKƄGFDKQOCUUGNGEVTQN[VKE*2 and

LES, 2016 captured CO2. 24th European Biomass Conference ■ Pili, R.; Romagnoli, A.; Spliethoff, H.; Wieland, C.: and Exhibition, 6-9 June, Amsterdam, The Nether- Economic feasibility of organic rankine cycles (orc) in lands, 2016 different transportation sectors. The 8th International ■ Wieland, C.; Meinel, D.; Eyerer, S.; Spliethoff, H.: Conference on Applied Energy – ICAE2016, 2016 +PPQXCVKXG%*2EQPEGRVHQT14%CPFKVUDGPGƄV ■ Pugachev, A.; Griebel, C.; Tibos, S.; Charnley, B.: compared to conventional concepts. Applied Energy Performance analysis of hybrid brush pocket damper 183, 2016, 478-490 UGCNUWUKPIEQORWVCVKQPCNƅWKFF[PCOKEU2TQEGGF- ■ Wolf, C.; Stephan, A.; Kleinhans, U.; Aho, M.; Leino, ings of ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery T.; Engblom, N.; Waldmann, B.; McGhee, B.; Olivotto, Technical Conference and Exposition GT2016, June S.; Coraggio, G.; Yrjas, P.; Bankiewicz, D.: ‘Online 13-17, Seoul, South Korea, 2016 corrosion monitoring for the combined combustion ■ Schatte, G. A.; Kohlhepp, A.; Wieland, C.; Spliethoff, of coal and chlorine-rich biomasses in pulverised H.: Development of a new empirical correlation for HWGNCPFEKTEWNCVKPIƅWKFKUGFDGFU[UVGOUo1P%QTF the prediction of the onset of the deterioration of European Commission Research Programme of the heat transfer to supercritical water in vertical tubes. Research Fund for Coal and Steel, 2016 International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 102, 2016, 133-141

256 Energy Systems Machine Elements

Calculation, simulation and experimental analysis of gears, synchronizers, clutches and rolling element bearings

■ The Institute of Machine Elements (FZG) focuses on the development QHOGVJQFUCPFVQQNUHQTTGNKCDNGFGVGTOKPCVKQPQHHCVKIWGNKHGGHƄEKGPE[ friction and vibration characteristics of gears and transmission elements.

The Institute of Machine Elements, also Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), known as ‘Gear Research Centre’ (FZG), the Bayerische Forschungsstiftung, the is an established internationally-renowned Deutsche Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft research centre for gears and transmis- für Erdöl, Erdgas und Kohle e.V. (DGMK), sions. The development of methods and the FVV or the Stahlforschung. In addition, tools for reliable determination of fatigue many application-oriented projects are NKHGGHƄEKGPE[CPFXKDTCVKQPEJCTCEVGTKUVKEU requested and commissioned directly by of gears and transmission elements is industry. Prof. Dr.-Ing. the primary focus of research activities at Our lecture series and practical exercises Karsten Stahl FZG. FZG has state-of-the-art facilities for in machine elements represent the basic the examination and testing of different training in mechanical engineering. In the Contact machine elements – such as gears, syn- lectures, students learn to select machines www.fzg.mw.tum.de chronizers, clutches and rolling element and machine elements correctly, to design [email protected] bearings. them and to calculate their properties. This Phone +49.89.289.15807 The research projects of FZG range knowledge is then practically applied in from theory-oriented basic research to practice in design and calculation exam- application-related work. The projects ples within the lecture-related exercises. CTGƄPCPEGFCPFUWRRQTVGFD[FKHHGTGPV A very important aspect of this is that organisations. A large number of these the students learn to communicate using RTQLGEVUCTGKPKVKCVGFƄPCPEGFCPF ‘engineers’ language’ – with sketches and supervised by the Forschungsvereinigung drawings. Practical relevance and topicality Antriebstechnik e.V. (FVA), usually together are also an important criteria for lectures with the Arbeitsgemeinschaft industrieller in special subjects. Last but not least, Forschungsvereinigungen (AiF). Other this relevance is ensured with lectures by important research partners include the executives from industry.

Research Components

The focus of research activities is the experimental and theoretical examination of gear components and drive systems.

Cylindrical Gears

Cylindrical gears are the most common types of transmission. The fatigue life of cylindrical gears is limited by pitting, OKETQRKVVKPIUEWHƄPIYGCTVQQVJTQQV DTGCMCIGQTVQQVJƅCPMDTGCMCIG6JG basis for the experimental examination of such gear damage is the standard FZG back-to-back gear test rig, which was developed by FZG and is used all over the world. The types of damage described, as well as CFFKVKQPVQUWHƄEKGPVNQCFECTT[KPIECRCEKV[ Back-to-back gear test rig OCVGTKCNNWDTKECPVCPFGHƄEKGPE[GZCOKPC- and good noise characteristics, research C OO tions for external and internal gearings, can KUKPETGCUKPIN[HQEWUKPIQPVJGGHƄEKGPV VJGTGD[DGECTTKGFQWVXGT[GHƄEKGPVN[+P performance of gears.

Machine Elements 257 Exemplary Projects ■ FVA project ‘Flankenbruch Stirnräder’ ■ AiF project ‘Verlustleistung von Stirn- ■ AiF project ‘Zahnfußtragfähigkeit‘ radverzahnungen’ ■ AiF project ‘Fettschmierung Klein- ■ AiF project ‘Optimierung Flankentrag- getriebe’ fähigkeit’ ■ Industrial project ‘Ultrafan’ Rolls Royce

Bevel and Hypoid Gears

industrial gearboxes. The FZG hypoid gear test rig was developed for life tests on bevel and hypoid gears. Like the FZG back-to-back gear test rig, this rig operates on the principle of the mechani- cal power circuit. These test rigs are used for the examination of tooth root and tooth ƅCPMNQCFECTT[KPIECRCEKV[CUYGNNCUHQT hypoid gear oil tests.

Left: bevel and hypoid gear test rig Bevel gears are used for power and torque Exemplary Projects Above: hypoid gear transmission between non-parallel axes. ■ AiF project ‘Kegelrad-Carbonitrieren’ 6JGOCKPCRRNKECVKQPƄGNFQHDGXGNIGCTU ■ FVA project ‘Vorauslegung Beveloid- is the automotive industry. However, bevel räder’ gears are also used in large numbers in ■ AiF project ‘Erweiterte Tellerrad- train and ship propulsion, as well as in grübchentragfähigkeit’

Worm Gears

test rigs are available for the determination QHUNKFKPIYGCTRKVVKPICPFUEWHƄPIQHEQO- mon worm gear bronzes, as well as brass, grey cast iron and spheroidal cast iron. 6JGTGUWNVUCTGTGRTGUGPVGFCUURGEKƄEYGCT QTUEWHƄPIFCOCIGKPEQTTGNCVKQPVQVJG drive torque or as pitting growth over the number of load cycles. The high percentage of sliding for worm gears causes higher Left: worm gear test rig Worm gears offer the possibility of power losses with increasing transmission Above: worm gear realising high transmission ratios in only TCVKQ9KVJVQTSWGOGCUWTGOGPVUJCHVUGHƄ- one stage. Thus a considerably high ciency tests for every operating condition axial sliding occurs, leading to reduced can be performed with these test rigs. GHƄEKGPEKGU&WGVQVJGNCTIGQXGTNCR The tooth root load-carrying capacity of worm gears have low noise and vibration worm gears can be determined within levels. Self-locking and self-braking are pulsator tests. possible with the appropriate choice of gear geometry. The application of worm Exemplary Projects gears as power gearboxes is mainly ■ AiF project ‘Schnecken-Schraubrad- NKOKVGFD[YGCTRKVVKPIQTNKOKVGFGHƄ- getriebe II’ ciency. Other material combinations than ■ AiF project ‘Schneckenrad Fertigungs- the conventional combination of steel and parameter’ DTQP\GCTGOQTGXWNPGTCDNGVQUEWHƄPI ■ FVA projects ‘Calculation software for Both electrically and hydrostatically loaded crossed helical gears and worm gears’

258 Machine Elements Synchronizers

In vehicle manual and DCT transmissions, gears are changed by the actuation of tooth clutches. Synchronizers are used to realise equal rotational speed in the tooth clutch, which is necessary for convenient gear shifting. The requirements for synchro- PK\GTUCTGCRRNKECVKQPURGEKƄECPFEQXGT #DQXGU[PEJTQPK\GT a large spectrum. Besides a high torque 4KIJV<((<)552VGUVTKI transfer capability and related high energy and power density for the friction material and the lubricant, low wear and high Exemplary Projects long-term stability of the friction behavior, ■ FVA project ‘Carbon-/Sinter-Reibungs- as well as convenient gear shifting are verhalten’ important development objectives. ■ FVA project ‘Schädigungsmechanismen Examinations of friction, wear and service Carbon-Reibwerkstoffe’ life behavior of synchronizers are carried out with the FZG standard synchronizer test rig ZF/FZG SSP-180.

Multidisc Clutches

Oil-lubricated multidisc clutches and brakes are used for example in automatic transmissions for gear shifting and for frictionally engaged power transmission. Multidisc clutches are characterized by a high power density in a compact design. They can be actuated under load and Above: multidisc clutches difference in rotational speed because the Right: KLP-260 disc clutch test rig torque is transmitted by friction. Functional and service-life characterize depend to a large extent on the load and the friction OCVGTKCNITQQXGRCVVGTPXQNWOGQHQKNƅQY system. The mechanical and thermal load lubricant and load on friction, wear and of the clutch which occurs during the shift drag loss behavior is possible. operations are not constant in practical application, but vary due to different shifting Exemplary Projects conditions. ■ FVA project ‘Carbon-Ölverträglichkeit’ The friction, wear, drag loss and service-life ■ AiF project ‘Spontanschäden Lamellen- behaviour of oil-lubricated multidisc kupplungen’ clutches are examined with the FZG ■ AiF project ‘Langsamlaufschlupf multidisc clutch test rigs. Accordingly, Lamellenkupplungen’ CPGXCNWCVKQPQHVJGKPƅWGPEGUQHHTKEVKQP

Rolling Element Bearings

Rolling element bearings are used for the the shaft or of the mounted components. guidance of axles and shafts, whereby Thus the friction and power loss should be they absorb radial and/or axial forces kept to a minimum. With the FZG bearing and simultaneously allow the rotation of power loss test rig, the bearing losses

Machine Elements 259 methods for the determination of the bearing losses. Taking bearing losses in the test rig into account, the resulting gearing losses can be determined. Wear and frictional behaviour of bearings depend on the lubricant used. Evaluation of lubricant samples is possible on the roller bearing lubricant test rig FE-8, Rolling element bearings according to DIN 51819, for the determi- power loss test rig nation of anti-wear capacity. under load or no-load can be measured for various different bearing arrangements. Exemplary Project These results then can be used for the ■ FVA project ‘Lebensdauer-Industrie - validation of the common calculation getriebe-Wälzlager’

Research Topics

In addition to the investigations of transmission components, the FZG also focuses on basic and comprehensive research topics of transmissions and machine elements in general.

EHL-Tribological Contact

For gear drives, the ratio of sliding to rolling along the path of contact is vari- able. Basic investigations on rolling and sliding contacts are performed on twin- disc machines, which make it possible to adjust any slide-roll ratios at different rotational speeds. Local measurements of RTGUUWTGVGORGTCVWTGCPFƄNOVJKEMPGUU ECPDGRGTHQTOGFD[OGCPUQHVJKPƄNO sensors. Theoretical consideration and '*.ƄNOVJKEMPGUUFKUVTKDWVKQP calculations (EHL theory) supplement the +PƅWGPEGQHC&.%EQCVKPIKPIGCT experiments. be used to calculate them numerically. contacts In classical hydrodynamics, the contact Consequently main shear and octahedron surfaces are assumed to be rigid. The stresses below the surface of the two lubricant wedge formation only depends contact partners can be determined. on the lubricant and the speed ratios of DQVJEQPVCEVRCTVPGTU6JKUUKORNKƄECVKQP Exemplary Projects is not possible for high pressures. The ■ DFG project ‘Reinhart Koselleck – ƅGZKDNGFGHQTOCVKQPQHVJGEQPVCEVCTGC Self-lubricated elastohydrodynamic as well as the viscosity change in the (EHL) contacts with oil-impregnated contact zone on the basis of differences in sintered materials’ temperature and the high local pressure, ■ DFG project ‘Triboinduzierte Schichten / can no longer be neglected. These effects SPP 1551’ are recorded on computed distributions ■ (8#RTQLGEVn.(2²DGTƅÀEJGPDGUEJKEJ- of pressure, temperature and lubricant tungen’ ƄNOVJKEMPGUUKPVJGEQPVCEVD[CRRN[KPI ■ AiF project ‘CHEOPS3 – dry and the EHL theory. Complex simulations can minimal lubricated tribocontacts‘

260 Machine Elements Load-Carrying Capacity

A large part of the research deals with the develop a method, simulation models load-carrying capacity of components: are usually developed and validated by cylindrical, bevel, hypoid and worm gears, extensive experimental studies. as well as multidisc clutches, synchro- nizers and rolling element bearings. For Exemplary Project gears, fatigue lifetime is often limited by ■ FVA project ‘Gleitgelagerte Wellen- RKVVKPIOKETQRKVVKPIYGCTUEWHƄPIVQQVJ Lager-Systeme’ TQQVDTGCMCIGCPFVQQVJƅCPMHTCEVWTG 5EWHƄPIUQPCURWTIGCT The results of many research projects at FZG are gained from theoretical and experimental investigations. In order to

Dynamics/NVH

Internal additional dynamic forces, which during development of high-performance change tooth stress and affect noise transmissions. Experimental and theoret- behavior of the transmission, occur in ical investigations are used to determine running transmissions. The NVH behavior these additional dynamic forces and to of gears is becoming more and more develop and improve analytical calculation important due to increased customer models for the simulation of excitation and expectations regarding noise. The addi- vibration behavior. tional dynamic forces must be considered

'HƄEKGPE[

+PCFFKVKQPVQUWHƄEKGPVNQCFECTT[KPI capacity and good noise characteristics, research is increasingly focusing on the GHƄEKGPE[RGTHQTOCPEGQHIGCTU'HƄEKGPE[ investigations on oil- or grease-lubricated cylindrical gears are carried out with the (<)GHƄEKGPE[VGUVTKIUWPFGTFKHHGTGPV operating conditions. In parallel, oil distribution and no-load losses are determined by means of CFD simulations and validated with results of experiments. 'HƄEKGPE[VGUVTKI

Fatigue Life Analysis

In the context of fatigue life analysis, the for operation in the test rig, are used to fatigue life of gears can be determined investigate this fatigue life. In pulsators or under time-varying operating conditions, back-to-back gear test rigs with hydraulic e.g. for vehicles and industrial appli- load application the load can be varied cations. Load, temperature and speed during operation according to these load spectra, which are determined from spectra. Thus fatigue life investigations are TGCNQRGTCVKPIEQPFKVKQPUCPFOQFKƄGF possible.

Machine Elements 261 Alternative Materials, Composites and Coatings

Plastic gears can be advantageous in are made of steel and the wheel body is URGEKƄEVTCPUOKUUKQPCRRNKECVKQPU6JGJKIJ made of plastic, combines the advantages material damping has a positive effect on of steel and plastic gearings. Besides the noise behavior, the low mass and mass increasing the lightweight design potential, inertia can be distinguished in transmis- it is possible to manipulate the dynamic sions, which are subject to high accelera- system behavior favourably by using tions. The main advantage of plastic gears composite gears. Moreover the tribological is their dry run capability. This makes them RTQRGTVKGUCPFVJGƅCPMNQCFECTT[KPI Plastic gear with steel body KFGCNHQTCRRNKECVKQPUGIKPVJGƄGNFQH capacity of steel gearings can be optimised medical technology, food processing or by using extremely hard coatings, e.g. the printing industry, where lubrication amor phous carbon coatings. The impact of is not possible for functional or hygienic UWEJEQCVKPIUQPGHƄEKGPE[CPFHCVKIWGNKHG reasons. High friction losses in the dry run is investigated at FZG. capability of plastic gears limit the trans- mittable power from a thermal viewpoint. Exemplary Projects .QUUQRVKOKUGFIGCTUGZJKDKVUKIPKƄECPVN[ ■ StMBKWK project ‘Kronenradverzah- lower friction losses by concentrating the nungen’ meshing around the pitch point. ■ DFG project ‘Kunststoffzahnräder’ A composite structure, in which the teeth

Drive Systems/Electromechanical Drives

The demand for sustainable mobility CJKIJFGITGGQHƅGZKDKNKV[CPFGZRCPFC- requires the development of innovative bility must be given in order to detail the drive systems with optimised energy vehicle models for further analysis. management. One opportunity of #URGEKCNJKIJNKIJVKPVJKUƄGNFKUVJG realising this is represented by hybrid ‘active differential’. The lightweight, drive systems, which are a combination EQORCEVCPFGHƄEKGPVU[UVGOYKVJVQTSWG of several different power sources and vectoring function in the drive train of aggregates. The research into hybrid Visio.M (TUM electric vehicle) offers great drive systems at FZG has been carried potential for increasing driving dynamics out since 1993. The main topics are the and recuperation performance. conception and simulation of hybrid drive The aim of the project Speed2E is the systems. For the development of alter- development, optimization and con- Powertrain Visio.M native drive systems, special simulation struction of a high speed powertrain for tools have been engineered to evaluate electrical automotive applications, which the properties of drive allows a tripling of motor speed. During concepts. The aim of VJGRTQLGEVCURGEVUNKMGGHƄEKGPE[VQQVJ complete vehicle simu- excitation and vibration transmissions are lations is determination considered. to fuel economy and driving dynamics for different driving Exemplary Projects cycles and maneuvers. A variety of ■ StMBKWK project ‘FZG-Augsburg EQPƄIWTCVKQPUCPFRCTCOGVGTUOWUVDG 4GUUQWTEGPGHƄ\KGPVG#PVTKGDUVGEJPKMo KFGPVKƄGFHQTEQPEGRVUVWFKGUGURGEKCNN[ ■ BMWi project ‘Speed2E – Hochdre- high requirements are necessary with hzahl-Getriebe’ respect to the computational time ■ DFG project ‘Split-Verbrennungsmotor’ of simulation models. Nevertheless

262 Machine Elements Research Focus Management ■ Experimental examinations and simula- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karsten Stahl, Director tions of gear systems and components ■ .QCFECTT[KPIECRCEKV[GHƄEKGPE[CPF Emeritus NVH of cylindrical, bevel, hypoid and Prof. i. R. Dr.-Ing. Bernd-Robert Höhn worm gears ■ Durability and friction behavior of Guest Lecturers multidisc clutches and synchronizers Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Hirt Dr.-Ing. Burkhard Pinnekamp, Renk AG Competence Dr.-Ing. Joachim Thomas, ZG Hypoid ■ Calculation, simulation and experimen- GmbH tal analysis of load-carrying capacity, GHƄEKGPE[CPF08*QHIGCTU Department Leaders ■ Standardization: DIN/ISO/CEC Dr.-Ing. Daniel Kadach ■ FVA/VDI/DGMK Dr.-Ing. Thomas Lohner ■ Failure analysis, seminars, trainings Dr.-Ing. Michael Otto &T+PI*GTOCPP2ƅCWO Infrastructure Dr.-Ing. Thomas Tobie ■ Test facility (> 80 test rigs) ■ Measuring laboratory Senior Engineers (retired) ■ Materials laboratory Dr.-Ing. Klaus Michaelis ■ Lubricants laboratory Dr.-Ing. Peter Oster ■ Electro/electronic laboratory ■ Workshop Team Leaders ■ Gear grinding machine LGG 280 Dipl.-Ing. Florian Dobler Dipl.-Ing. Patrick Fischer Dipl.-Ing. Maximilian Fromberger Dipl.-Ing. Michael Hein Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Jurkschat Dipl.-Ing. Johannes König Dipl.-Ing. Katharina Völkel

Administrative Staff Andrea Baur Kornelia Güth Sigrid Mayr Robert Rauschmayer Gear grinding machine Liebherr LGG 280 Heidrun Wolf

Courses ■ Machine Elements I + II ■ Drive-Systems Technology for Vehicles ■ High-performance Gears for Marine Drives, Wind Energy Plants and Indus- trial Applications ■ Design of Gearboxes with Cylindrical Gears ■ Bevel and Hypoid Gears for Vehicle Drive Systems ■ Special Section Machine Elements – Rolling Pairing ■ Synchromesh Systems and Multidisc Clutches

Machine Elements 263 Research Scientists Workshop and Testing Management Sabrina Bansemir, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Rui Dai Dipl.-Ing. Ivan Boiadjiev Reiner Duschek Dipl.-Ing. Markus Daffner Karl Maier Dipl.-Ing. Rui Dai /CTMWU2ƅØINGT Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Dobler Martin Ebner, M.Sc. Workshop and Testing Staff Dipl.-Ing. Christian Engelhardt Richard Brandoni Andreas Fingerle, M.Sc. Franz Hofmann Daniel Fuchs, M.Sc Robert Kiermeier Joshua Götz, M.Sc. Harald Mayr Daniel Grötsch, M.Sc. Heiko Preuß Dipl.-Ing. Christian Güntner Thomas Rath Dipl.-Ing. Christian Hasl Oliver Timm Chistopher Illenberger M.Sc. Christian Weber Dipl.-Ing. Bernhard Kohn Klaus Winkler Christoph Leonhardt, M.Sc. Marco Breidinger Hua Liu, M.Sc. Ingeborg Brodschelm Enzo Maier M.Sc. Wilma Leykamm Dipl.-Ing. Eva-Maria Mautner Helmut Kammerer Marco Mileti, M.Sc. Ralf Kiepfer Philipp Norgauer, M.Sc. Christopher Neufeld Tobias Paucker, M.Sc. Josef Pöllner Josef Pellkofer, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Tobias Reimann Philipp Roth, M.Sc. Martin Sedlmair, M.Sc. Felix Siglmüller, M.Sc. Korbinian Stadler, M.Sc. Ulrich Stockinger, M.Sc. Maximilian Trübswetter, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Thanak Utakapan Christian Weber, M.Sc. Uwe Weinberger, M.Sc. Jakob Winkler, M.Sc. Mustafa Yilmaz, M.Sc. Andreas Ziegltrum, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Bernd Zornek

264 Machine Elements Publications 2016

■ Schultheiss, Hansjörg; Tobie, Thomas; Stahl, ■ Mautner, Eva-Maria; Sigmund, W.; Stemplinger, Karsten (2016): The Effect of Selected Grease Com- J.-P.; Stahl, Karsten (2016): Investigations on the ponents on the Wear Behavior of Grease-Lubricated 'HƄEKGPE[QH9QTO)GCT&TKXGU+P)GCT5QNWVKQPU Gears. In: Journal of Tribology (138), only online.  /CTEJ8QNWOG0Q RR| ■ /GKPIC»PGT)GQTI,QJCPP2ƅCWO*5VCJN ■ Kohn, Bernhard; Otto, M.; Stahl, K. (2016): Noise Karsten (2016): Drehmomentübertragungsver- 4GFWEVKQP2QVGPVKCNQH9CXGHQTO(NCPM/QFKƄEC- halten nasslaufender Lamellenkupplungen bei tions. Topological Waveform and Waveform-like geringen Differenzdrehzahlen. In: FVA (Hg.): /QFKƄECVKQPU2TQXKFG2TQOKUKPI1RVKOK\CVKQP GETLUB – Tribologie- und Schmierstoffkongress. In Perspectives. In: VDI (Hg.): Drivetrain for Vehicles collaboration with FVA. GETLUB – Tribologie- und 2016. In collaboration with VDI. Drivetrain for Schmierstoffkongress. Würzburg, March, 9-10, Vehicles 2016. Friedrichshafen, 21-22.06.2016. RR| |$CPF&ØUUGNFQTH8&+8GTNCI)OD*RR| ■ 8ÒNMGN-CVJCTKPC2ƅCWO*5VCJN-CTUVGP   ■ Gwinner, Philipp; Otto, M.; Stahl, Karsten (2016): Das thermische Verhalten nasslaufender Lamellen- Torque-Vectoring Transmission with Reinforced kupplungen – Simulation mit dem FVA-Programm Plastic Housing for an Electric Subcompact Vehicle. KUPSIM. In: FVA (Hg.): GETLUB – Tribologie- und Measures to Integrate a Plastic Housing into an Schmierstoffkongress. In collaboration with FVA. E-Drive Transmission. In: VDI (Hg.): Drivetrain for GETLUB – Tribologie- und Schmierstoffkongress. Vehicles 2016, Bd. 1. In collaboration with VDI. 9ØT\DWTI/CTEJRR| Drivetrain for Vehicles 2016. Friedrichshafen, ■ König, Johannes; Tobie, Thomas; Stahl, Karsten 21-22.06.2016. 1 Band. Düsseldorf: VDI Verlag  'KPƅØUUGCWU1DGTƅÀEJGPDGUEJCHHGPJGKV )OD*RR| und Schmierungszustand auf die Flankentragfähig- ■ Idler, S.; Gwinner, Philipp; Stahl, Karsten; König, keit einsatzgehärteter Verzahnungen. In: FVA (Hg.): Ruben; Rinderknecht, Stephan (2016): Innovative GETLUB – Tribologie- und Schmierstoffkongress. In Super-High Multiple Speed Concept for the collaboration with FVA. GETLUB – Tribologie- und 'NGEVTKƄGF#WVQOQVKXG2QYGTVTCKP+P$C[GTP+PPQ- Schmierstoffkongress. Würzburg, March, 9-10, vativ (Hg.): 5th Conference on Future Automotive RR| Technology. In collaboration with Bayern Innovativ. ■ Engelhardt, Christian; Tobie, Thomas; Stahl, Karsten 5th Conference on Future Automotive Technology.  0QTOWPIFGU)TCWƅGEMGPVGUVUPCEJ(8# Fürstenfeld, 03-04.05.2016. 54/7 – Ergebnisse und Stand der Arbeiten. In: ■ Schultheiss, Hansjörg; Stemplinger, J.-P.; Tobie, FVA (Hg.): GETLUB – Tribologie- und Schmierst- 6JQOCU5VCJN-CTUVGP  +PƅWGPEGUQP(CKNWTG offkongress. In collaboration with FVA. GETLUB Modes and Load-Carrying Capacity of Grease-Lu- – Tribologie- und Schmierstoffkongress. Würzburg, bricated Gears. In: Gear Technology (Jan/Feb 2016), /CTEJRR| RR| ■ Kadach, Daniel; Tobie, Thomas; Michaelis, Klaus; ■ Lohner, T.; Michaelis, Klaus; Stahl, Karsten (2016): Stahl, Karsten (2016): Testverfahren zur Ermittlung Limiting Shear Stress Formulation for TEHL der Fresstragfähigkeit von Schmierstoffen für Simulation. In: Institute of Structural Analysis and Zahnräder. In: FVA (Hg.): GETLUB – Tribologie- und Antiseismic Research, National Technical University Schmierstoffkongress. In collaboration with FVA. of Athens (Hg.): ECCOMAS Congress 2016 – 7th GETLUB – Tribologie- und Schmierstoffkongress. European Congress on Computational Methods in 9ØT\DWTI/CTEJRR| Applied Sciences and Engineering. In collaboration ■ #EWPGT42ƅCWO*5VCJN-CTUVGP   with National Technical University of Athens. ECCO- Tribologische Schädigungsmechanismen von MAS Congress 2016 – 7th European Congress on Synchronisierungen mit Carbon-Reibwerkstoffen. Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and In: FVA (Hg.): GETLUB – Tribologie- und Schmier- Engineering. Crete, Greece, 5-10.06.2016, https:// stoffkongress. In collaboration with FVA. GETLUB www.eccomas2016.org/proceedings/index.html. – Tribologie- und Schmierstoffkongress. Würzburg, ■ Engelhardt, Christian; Witzig, J.; Tobie, Thomas; /CTEJRR| 5VCJN-CTUVGP  +PƅWGPEGQHYCVGTEQPVCOK- ■ 5VTGDGN/2ƅCWO*5VCJN-CTUVGP   nation in gear lubricants on wear and micro-pitting 'KPƅØUUGCWHFKG5RQPVCPUEJÀFKIWPIXQPPCUU- performance of case-carburized gears. In: Techni- laufenden Lamellenkupplungen mit organischen sche Akademie Esslingen (Hg.): 20th International Reibbelägen. In: FVA (Hg.): GETLUB – Tribologie- Colloquium Tribology – Industrial and Automotive und Schmierstoffkongress. In collaboration with Lubrication. In collaboration with Technische FVA. GETLUB – Tribologie- und Schmierstoffkon- Akademie Esslingen. 20th International Colloquium ITGUU9ØT\DWTI/CTEJRR| Tribology – Industrial and Automotive Lubrication. ■ Zimmer, M.; Otto, M.; Stahl, Karsten (2016): Homo- 1UVƄNFGTP geneous Geometry Calculation of Arbitrary Tooth ■ Ebner, Martin; Lohner, T.; Weigl, A.; Michaelis, Shapes: Mathematical Approach and Practical Klaus; Stemplinger, J.-P.; Höhn, Bernd-Robert; Applications. In: Power Transmission Engineering Stahl, Karsten (2016): Hochbelastete und schmier-  RR| stoffgetränkte Wälzpaarungen aus Sintermaterial ■ Schultheiss, Hansjörg; Tobie, Thomas; Stahl, ohne externe Schmierstoffzuführung. In: Tribologie -CTUVGP  +PƅWGPEGUQPVJG9GCT$GJCXKQT 5EJOKGTWPIUVGEJPKM  RR| of Small Module Gears lubricated with High ■ Ebner, Martin; Yilmaz, Mustafa; Lohner, T.; Consistency Greases. In: STLE 2016 (Hg.): 2016 Michaelis, Klaus; Höhn, Bernd-Robert; Stahl, STLE Annual Meeting & Exhibition Karsten (2016): On the Effect of Starved Lubrication ■ Lohner, T.; Ziegltrum, A.; Stemplinger, J.-P.; Stahl, K. on Elastohydrodynamic (EHL) Line Contacts. In: (2016): Engineering Software Solution for Thermal Nordtrip (Hg.): The 17th Nordic Symposium on Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Using Multiphysics Tribology – Nordtrip 2016. Häämalinna, Finnland, Software. In: Advances in Tribology 2016. DOI: 14.-17.06.2016. 10.1155/2016/6507203.

Machine Elements 265 ■ Ebner, Martin; Lohner, T.; Michaelis, Klaus; Stem- ■ Emrich, Stefan; Lohner, T.; Ziegltrum, A.; Brodyan- plinger, J.-P.; Höhn, Bernd-Robert; Stahl, Karsten ski, Alexander; Merz, R.; Stahl, Karsten; Kopnarski, (2016): Self-Lubricated Elastohydrodynamic (EHL) M. (2016): Charakterisierung von triboinduzierten Contacts with Oil-Impregnated Sintered Materials. Schichten in Abhängigkeit des Schmierstoffs bei In: Technische Akademie Esslingen (Hg.): TAE 2016. Verzahnungen. In: GfT (Hg.): 57. Tribologie-Fachta- TAE 2016. Esslingen, 01/2016. gung, vol. 1. In collaboration with GfT. Reibung, ■ Fromberger, Maximilian; Weinberger, Uwe; Kohn, Schmierung und Verschleiß – Forschung und prak- Bernhard; Utakapan, Thanak; Otto, M.; Stahl, tische Anwendungen. Göttingen, 26-28.09.2016. Karsten (2016): Condition Monitoring by Position |XQNUR Encoders. In: DEGA (Hg.): Inter.noise 2016. 45th ■ Gwinner, Philipp; Otto, M.; Stahl, Karsten (2016): International Congress and Exposition on Noise Acoustical Behavior of High-Speed-Gearings for Control Engineering. In collaboration with DEGA. 'NGEVTKƄGF#WVQOQVKXG2QYGTVTCKPU+P(+5+6# *I  +PVGTPQKUG*CODWTIR| FISITA 2016 World Automotive Congress. In collab- ■ Weinberger, Uwe; Fromberger, Maximilian; Otto, oration with FISITA. FISITA 2016 World Automotive M.; Stahl, Karsten (2016): Condition Monitoring Congress. Busan, Korea, 26-30.09.2016. by Position Encoders. In: DEGA (Hg.): Inter.noise ■ 4ÒUNGT5(KUEJGT2CVTKEM2ƅCWO*9CEJV- 2016. 45th International Congress and Exposition meister, G.; Stahl, Karsten (2016): Experimental on Noise Control Engineering. In collaboration with Implementation of an Internal Combustion Engine DEGA. Inter.noise 2016. Hamburg, 21.-24.08.2016, with a Disengageable Crank Shaft - The Split RR| Crankshaft Engine. In: FISITA (Hg.): FISITA 2016 ■ Utakapan, Thanak; Kohn, Bernhard; Fromberger, World Automotive Congress. In collaboration with Maximilian; Heider, M.; Otto, M.; Höhn, Bernd-Rob- FISITA. FISITA 2016 World Automotive Congress. ert; Stahl, Karsten (2016): Condition Monitoring Busan, Korea, 26-30.09.2016. by Position Encoders. In: DEGA (Hg.): Inter.noise ■ (KUEJGT2CVTKEM4ÒUNGT52ƅCWO*5VCJN 2016. 45th International Congress and Exposition Karsten; Wachtmeister, G. (2016): Design, Simu- on Noise Control Engineering. In collaboration with lation Study and Preliminary Experimental Results DEGA. Inter.noise 2016. Hamburg, 21.-24.08.2016, of the Electromechanical Clutch Unit for the Split RR| Crankshaft Engine. In: FISITA (Hg.): FISITA 2016 ■ Mautner, Eva-Maria; Sigmund, W.; Stemplinger, World Automotive Congress. In collaboration with ,25VCJN-CTUVGP  'HƄEKGP\CFGINKKPITCP- FISITA. FISITA 2016 World Automotive Congress. aggi a vite. In: Organi di Trasmissione 2016 (8/2016/ Busan, Korea, 26-30.09.2016. 5GVVGODTG RR| ■ Dobler, Andreas; Hergesell, M.; Tobie, Thomas; ■ Ziegltrum, A.; Lohner, T.; Stahl, Karsten (2016): Stahl, Karsten (2016): Increased Tooth Bending 6'*.5KOWNCVKQPQPVJG+PƅWGPEGQH.WDTKECPVU Strength and Pitting Load Capacity of Fine Module on Load-Dependent Gear Losses. In: University )GCTU+P)GCT6GEJPQNQI[  RR| of Leeds (Hg.): Leeds – Lyon Symposium on ■ Gwinner, Philipp; Otto, M.; Stahl, K. (2016): Tribology. In collaboration with University of Leeds. Torque-Vectoring Transmission with Reinforced Leeds – Lyon Symposium on Tribology. Leeds, UK, Plastic Housing for an Electric Subcompact Vehicle. 06.09.2016, p. 1. Measures to Integrate a Plastic Housing into an ■ Jurkschat, Thomas; Lohner, T.; Michaelis, Klaus; E-Drive Transmission. In: Getriebe aktuell (11), Stahl, Karsten (2016): Experimentelle Bestimmung RR| des Reibungsverhaltens von Schrägverzahnungen ■ Stemplinger, J.-P. (2016): An Open-And-Shut Case: OKV(NCPMGPOQFKƄMCVKQPGP+P)H6 *I 6TKDQ- Greases for Gear Applications. In: Power Transmis- logie-Fachtagung, vol. 1. In collaboration with GfT. UKQP'PIKPGGTKPI 8QN0Q RR| Reibung, Schmierung und Verschleiß – Forschung ■ Dobler, Andreas; Hergesell, M.; Tobie, T.; Stahl, und praktische Anwendungen. Göttingen, Karsten (2016): Increased Tooth Bending Strength 26-28.09.2016. 2 vols., p. 20/1. and Pitting Load Capacity of Fine-Module Gears. In: ■ König, Johannes; Felbermaier, M.; Tobie, Thomas; Gear Technology September/Oktober 2016. 5VCJN-CTUVGP  6TKDQNQIKUEJG'KPƅWUUHCM- VQTGPCWHFKG'PVUVGJWPIXQP)TCWƅGEMKIMGKVCP einsatzgehärteten Zahnrädern. In: GfT (Hg.): 57. Tribologie-Fachtagung, vol. 1. In collaboration with GfT. Reibung, Schmierung und Verschleiß – Forschung und praktische Anwendungen. Göttingen, 26-28.09.2016. 2 vols., p. 18/1.

266 Machine Elements Automation and Information Systems

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■ The Institute of Automation and Information Systems (AIS) tackles the challenges that result from the increasing demand to produce customer- URGEKƄEKPFKXKFWCNRTQFWEVUKPVJGOCEJKPGCPFRNCPVOCPWHCEVWTKPI FQOCKPD[OGCPUQHE[DGTRJ[UKECNRTQFWEVKQPU[UVGOU %225 +P #+5CPCN[\GFGUVCDNKUJGFCPFKORTQXGFPQXGNOGVJQFUKPVJGCTGCQH CWVQOCVKQPYKVJCOCKPHQEWUQPVJGƄGNFUQH%225OQFGNDCUGFU[U- VGOUGPIKPGGTKPIJWOCPOCEJKPGKPVGTCEVKQPCUYGNNCUCPCN[UKUCPF aggregation of big data for Industry 4.0-capable systems.

Therein, innovative approaches for Indus- the challenges in automation and in the try 4.0-capable systems have been and machine and plant manufacturing domain, Prof. Dr.-Ing. are being developed to improve both the for example technical debt, product line Birgit Vogel-Heuser engineering and the operation of CPPS. approaches as well as ontologies. More- Among others, technologies and methods over, taking the interaction with humans Contact applied at AIS are agent-based and and machines into account, the methods www.ais.mw.tum.de service-oriented approaches as well as and approaches developed at AIS are [email protected] modeling approaches – both semi-formal analyzed and evaluated in real-world sce- Phone +49.89.289.16400 and formal ones. Especially methods and narios together with experts from industry. technologies from the computer science domain are used and adapted to address

Research focus of the Institute of Automation and Information Systems

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The ever-increasing complexity and e.g. the extended need for communica- dimensions of CPPS require a high tion. FGITGGQHƅGZKDKNKV[CPFKPVGNNKIGPEGKP Therefore, at AIS, notations, methods and among system components. Hence, and tools are developed for the design of one aspect being addressed by AIS self-x (e.g. self-organizing, self-learning is to explore the advantages of such and self-adapting) automation software for KPVGNNKIGPVTGEQPƄIWTCDNGCPFFKUVTKDWVGF machines and production plants in both systems contrary to their disadvantages, the manufacturing and process automa-

Automation and Information Systems 267 Research and industry demonstra- tion domain. By that, the design, imple- joint demonstrator ‘myJoghurt’* together tors at the AIS mentation and operation of distributed, with eight German universities, which KPVGNNKIGPV%225ECPDGUKORNKƄGFEQO- is based on the hybrid process model prehensibility can be increased and, thus, demonstrator at AIS – thereby providing acceptance in industry can be enhanced. a benchmark platform for all types of The research projects aComA (BFS TGUGCTEJCPFCRRNKECVKQPUKPVJGƄGNF Project) and iSikon (DFG Project) have a of intelligent CPPS. Using simple but special focus on the intralogistics systems comprehensive scenarios, the coupling of domain. In order to evaluate AIS’ research locally and globally distributed CPPS in results, a novel industry-size demonstra- an automatic and dynamic manner can be tor, the Self-X Material Flow Demonstrator, demonstrated using ‘myJoghurt’. was provided by an industrial partner and installed at AIS in 2016. By means Projects of this demonstrator, AIS’ sophisticated ■ DFG Project – Gesteigerte Flexibilität research results for automatic analysis in heterogen aufgebauten Materi- and adaption of evolutionary changes to CNƅWUUU[UVGOGPCWH$CUKUKPVGNNKIGPVGT OCVGTKCNƅQYU[UVGOU EH$(52TQLGEV 5QHVYCTGCIGPVGPKPUGNDUVMQPƄIWTKGTGP- aComA) as one representative for self-x der Fördertechnik (iSikon) capabilities can be evaluated and shown. ■ BFS Project – Automatische Code- Besides, the demonstrator for evolution in generierung für modulare Anlagen the domain of industrial plant automation, (aComA) the extended pick and place unit (xPPU), ■ BMBF Project – Sichere, dynamische was extended by further scenarios and Vernetzung in Operationssaal und Klinik serves as a centerpiece of research and 140'6sƄPKUJGFKP teaching. In addition, AIS operates the

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268 Automation and Information Systems Model-Based Engineering of Variant-rich Interdisciplinary CPPS

Besides improving the operation of Industry 4.0-capable systems, one major area of interest for AIS is the engineering of CPPS. Therein, AIS investigates concepts and methods for model-based systems engineering – both in the (discrete) manu facturing engineering domain and in the (continuous) process engineering domain. A special focus is put on the interdisciplinary character of the design of industrial automation systems as well as on increasing the transparency and Aside from these research projects, one of Three-step approach of the CRC handling the complexity throughout the AIS’ main objectives is to rapidly apply the 768: comprehend – model – shape YQTMƅQYQHCWVQOCVKQPU[UVGOUFGUKIP fundamental results for industrial settings, and operation. Therein, a special focus thereby aiding German SMEs to improve is put on the human and organization as VJGKTGPIKPGGTKPIRTQEGUU6JGTGHQTGƄXG an essential part of an interdisciplinary novel application and industry projects cyber-physical (production) system YGTGUGVWRKPVJGƄGNFQHOQFGNDCUGF (CP(P)S) in the Collaborative Research testing of variant-rich systems (cf. AiF/ Center (CRC) 768, which is managed by DFAM Project V&VArtemis), industrial AIS together with six institutes at the Tech- communication architectures and its nical University of Munich and one institute modeling to estimate time and security at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität- aspects in trains (cf. VDI/VDE Project München. Therefore, different modeling 5CHGV[0GV CWVQOCVGFEQPƄIWTCVKQPCPF languages are investigated and adapted for code generation for process engineering the different classes of mechatronic sys- systems (VDI/VDE Project Process Appli- tems (cf. Project CRC 768 A6) and corre- cation Composer), model-based testing of sponding tool environments are developed, UCHGV[HWPEVKQPU EH$(52TQLGEV'Ƅ/# CU extended, and adapted (cf. Transfer Project well as semantic code analysis (cf. Industry CRC 768 T3). Methods applied are, among Project Semantic Code Analysis), building others, model transformations as well as on the successful results of the application formal methods for consistency checking and research projects that were completed (cf. Project CRC 768 D1). In addition, being recently. Therein, AIS strongly relies on its a member of the coordination board of valuable input from industry, which is, e.g. the Priority Program (PP) 1593, research gathered from the newly institutionalized KPVJGƄGNFQHE[DGTRJ[UKECN RTQFWEVKQP  industry working group ‘Modularity, Variant systems’ evolution management is and Version Management in Industrial conducted together with German institutes Automation’ together with companies KPVJGƄGNFQHUQHVYCTGGPIKPGGTKPI5RGEKCN in the packaging, wood processing and focus is, among others, put on regression automotive domains. XGTKƄECVKQP EH22+ORTQXG#25 CU well as estimation of maintainability effort Projects (cf. PP 1593 DoMain). By means of the ■ &()2TQLGEVs4GITGUUKQP8GTKƄECVKQP HQWPFCVKQPCNTGUGCTEJTGUWNVUKPVJGƄGNFQH in a User-Centered Software Develop- model-based systems engineering (CRC ment Process for Evolving Automated  CPFHQTOCNXGTKƄECVKQPQHXCTKCPVTKEJ Production Systems (PP 1593, project systems (PP 1593), the foundational basis IMPROVE APS) to improve forever-evolving cyber-physical ■ DFG Project – Domain-spanning Main- (production) systems’ engineering and tainability Estimation (PP 1593, project operation is laid. DoMain)

Automation and Information Systems 269 ■ DFG Project – Self-Maintenance of ■ VDI/VDE Project – Zugweite Verfüg- Mechatronic Modules (SFB 768, sub- barkeit lokaler Sensordaten (SafetyNet) project A6) ■ VDI/VDE Project – Automatische ■ DFG Project – Diagnosis and Resolution -QPƄIWTCVKQPWPF)GPGTKGTWPIXQP of Inconsistencies in Heterogeneous Steuerungscode und Visualisierung für Models (SFB 768, subproject D1) Produktionsanlagen in der Verfahrens- ■ DFG Project – Decision-making Support technik (Process Application Composer) in Innovation Processes under Consid- ■ $(52TQLGEVs'HƄ\KGPVG(GJNGTUWEJGHØT eration of the Technical Disciplines (SFB sichere variantenreichen Maschinen- 768, subproject T3) WPF#PNCIGPCWVQOCVKUKGTWPI 'Ƅ/# ■ AiF/DFAM Project – Variabilität und ■ Industry Project – Semantic Codeana- Versionierung bei der anforderungsbasi- lysis for IEC 61131-3 Applications and erten Testfallentwicklung und -auswahl Libraries (Semantic Code Analysis) für mechatronische Systeme (V&V Artemis) ■ AiF/BVL Project – Entwicklung eines Flottenmanagementsystems für Bau- OCUEJKPGP $CW(NQVV  ƄPKUJGFKP

Information Aggregation to Support Humans

visualization systems in control rooms for process monitoring and operation with new visualization technologies such as augmented reality and on mobile devices. Moreover, as one essential demonstrator and evaluation object, AIS was able to install a visual computing laboratory that comprises of a large-size (4.3 m x 1.8 m) powerwall with a camera tracking system to provide a future-proof visualization and interaction possibility regarding virtual and augmented reality – hence, amplifying the support for stakeholders in the industrial automation domain through visualization Interdisciplinary team working at 6JKUƄGNFQHTGUGCTEJCFFTGUUGUVJG and navigation concepts (cf. CRC 768 D2). the visual computing laboratory design and evaluation of human-machine interfaces (HMI) for operators as well as Projects engineering support systems. Essential for ■ EU Project – Smart and Adaptive Inter- interdisciplinary work is a shared under- faces for Inclusive Work Environment standing between different stakeholders. (INCLUSIVE) Hence, crucial to Industry 4.0-capable ■ EU Project – Innovative Modelling systems is the investigation of appropriate Approaches for Production Systems to human-machine interaction. Therefore, 4CKUG8CNKFCVCDNG'HƄEKGPE[ +/2418' VJKUTGUGCTEJƄGNFEQPEGTPUUWRRQTVKPIVJG ■ DFG Project – Interactive Visualization operating personnel in training, commis- and Navigation in Heterogeneous sioning, process monitoring, process Models (SFB 768, subproject D2) optimizing, and diagnosis by means of ■ &()2TQLGEVs4GITGUUKQP8GTKƄECVKQP appropriate visualization methods of pro- in a User-Centered Software Develop- cess and message data during the opera- ment Process for Evolving Automated tion phase of technical plants. The current Production Systems (PP 1593, project trend in industry is to replace the classical IMPROVE APS)

270 Automation and Information Systems From Big Data to Smart Data

Today’s industrial CPPS face the chal- Based on this requirement, AIS supports lenges of ever-increasing data generated a variety of tools including proprietary throughout engineering and operation. The as well as open source software. Strong discovery of knowledge within this data is HQEWUKURWVQPVJGKPVGITCVKQPQHURGEKƄE another focus of research. This includes domain knowledge into every step of data all phases of a data mining process: data processing. This, for instance, empowers collection, data preparation, modeling, operators to easily adjust the process of evaluation, and deployment. For data data preparation and mining. aggregation and integration as challenging Hence, AIS investigates a broad range parts of data collection, architectural of different data collection, preparation, solutions are elaborated, which enable a modeling, evaluation, and deployment ƅGZKDNGCESWKUKVKQPQHFCVCHTQOCXCTKGV[ techniques to aid engineering and the of sources within CPPS (cf. BMWi Project operation of CPS and CPPS throughout SIDAP, EU Project IMPROVE). In the their entire lifecycle. By combining these phase of data preparation, AIS develops techniques with the results obtained from industry-proven routines for the evalu- model-driven systems engineering (cf. ation of data quality and standardized research area ‘Model-Based Engineering procedures for data preparation. A variety of Variant-rich Interdisciplinary CPPS’), a of algorithms, e.g. for outlier detection, holistic perspective for such forever-last- resampling or clustering are applied within ing systems – both CPS and CPPS – can the projects. Furthermore, a repertory be obtained. of models, e.g. for fault detection and prediction (cf. BMWi Project SIDAP) or Projects VJGSWCPVKƄECVKQPQHTGNCVKQPUQHRTQEGUU ■ EU Project – Innovative Modelling parameters for a decision support system Approaches for Production Systems to (cf. EU Project IMPROVE), is developed. 4CKUG8CNKFCVCDNG'HƄEKGPE[ +/2418' The obtained results from data mining are ■ BMWi Project – Skalierbares Integra- evaluated applying techniques such as tionskonzept zur Datenaggregation, receiver-operating characteristic (ROC), -analyse, -aufbereitung von großen which compares the true-positive and Datenmengen in der Prozessindustrie false-positive rate of a prediction model. (SIDAP) The deployment of the data mining mod- ■ KME Project – Prozesszustandsbasier- GNUCPFTGUWNVUTGSWKTGUCURGEKƄEUQNWVKQP tes Monitoring von Produktionsanlagen tailored for a particular industrial partner. FWTEJ/'5 2TQ/'5sƄPKUJGFKP

Research Focus Competence ■ Model-based engineering ■ Improvement of the engineering during ■ Quality management the whole life cycle of products and ■ Distributed, intelligent control systems production lines for hybrid processes ■ Software agents, service-oriented using and adapting methods from com- architectures puter science, e.g. pattern recognition ■ Machine learning and software engineering. ■ Cyber-physical production systems ■ Matching data and models along the ■ Information processing life-cycle of CPS and CPPS in different ■ Human factors domains.

Automation and Information Systems 271 Infrastructure Senior Research Associates ■ ‘myJoghurt’ demonstrator: Complex Dr.-Ing. Dorothea Pantförder hybrid plant lab model, which oper- Dr.-Ing. Daniel Schütz ates with market-leading automation Jens Folmer devices ■ 48 modular production plants for Research Associates C-programming in basic lectures Thomas Aicher ■ Neutralization plant – test bed for the Safa Bougouffa process engineering domain Suhyun Cha ■ Pick and place unit – demonstrator for Luis Alberto Cruz Salazar (Universidad evolution in industrial plant automation Antonio Nariño scholarship) ■ Extended pick and place unit – demon- Stefan Feldmann strator for safety, modes of operation Victoria Karaseva and novel communication technologies Konstantin Kernschmidt ■ 5GNHZOCVGTKCNƅQYU[UVGOsFGOQP- Iris Kirchen strator for self-x capabilities in the Gennadiy Koltun intralogistics domain Dong Li (Chinese Council scholarship) Hang Li (Chinese Council scholarship) Courses Tanja Lichtenegger ■ Basics of Modern Information Tech- Michael Metzenmacher nology 1+2 Sebastian Rehberger ■ Industrial Automation 1+2 Michael Sollfrank ■ Development of Distributed Intelligent Emanuel Trunzer Embedded Mechatronic Systems Sebastian Ulewicz ■ Industrial Software Engineering 1+2 Simon Ziegltrum ■ Manufacturing Execution Systems in Minjie Zou Producing Industries ■ Practical Course Automation External Ph.D. candidates ■ Practical Course Development of Jens Otto Distributed Intelligent Embedded Cyntia Vargas Martinez Mechatronic Systems ■ Practical Course Industrial Software Laboratory and Technical Staff Engineering Christian Gmeinwieser ■ Practical Course Simulation Technology Thomas Mikschl Andor Nagy Management Julian Schachermeier Prof. Dr.-Ing. Birgit Vogel-Heuser, Director Johannes Werner

Visiting Professor CRC 768, August- Apprentices Wilhelm Scheer Visiting Professor Jana Eggert Univ.Ass. Priv.Doz. Mag. Dr. Manuel Tom Kaden Wimmer (March and June 2016) &QEVQTCN6JGUGUƄPKUJGFKP Associate Lecturer Dr.-Ing. Susanne Rösch Dr.-Ing. Heiko Meyer

Secretariat Michaela Franke Irene Goros

272 Automation and Information Systems Publications 2016

Journal Articles ■ Folmer, J.; Schrüfer, C.; Fuchs, J.; Vermum, C.; ■ Feldmann, S.; Vogel-Heuser, B.: Interdisciplinary Vogel-Heuser, B.: Data-Driven Valve Diagnosis Product Lines to Support the Engineering in the to Increase the Overall Equipment Effectiveness Machine Manufacturing Domain. In: International in Process Industry. In: 14th IEEE International Journal of Production Research, 2016. Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN), 2016. ■ Feldmann, S.; Kernschmidt, K.; Vogel-Heuser, ■ Hoffmann, M.; Thomas, P.; Schütz, D.; Vogel- B.: Concept for a knowledge-based framework Heuser, B.; Meisen, T.; Jeschke, S.: Semantic for specifying and diagnosing inconsistencies in Integration of Multi-Agent Systems using an OPC mechatronic models. In: at – Automatisierungstech- UA Information Modeling Approach. In: 14th IEEE nik, vol. 64, no. 3, pp. 199-215, 2016. International Conference on Industrial Informatics ■ Hehenberger, P.; Vogel-Heuser, B.; Eynard, B.; (INDIN), 2016. Horvath, I.; Bradley, D.; Tomiyama, T.; Achiche, ■ Kellner, A.: Challenges in Integrating Requirements S.: Trends on Design, Modelling, Simulation and in Model Based Development Processes in the Integration of Cyber Physical Systems: Methods Machinery and Plant Building Industry. In: IEEE and Applications. In: Computers in Industry, no. 82, International Symposium on Systems Engineering pp. 273-289, 2016. (ISSE), 2016. ■ Regulin, D.; Aicher, T.; Vogel-Heuser, B.: Improving ■ Leitao, P.; Barata Oliveira, J.; Ribeiro, L.; Vogel- transferability between different engineering stages Heuser, B.: Summer school on intelligent agents KPVJGFGXGNQROGPVQHCWVQOCVGFOCVGTKCNƅQY in automation: hands-on educational experience modules. In: IEEE Transactions on Automation on deploying industrial agents. In: 42nd Annual Science and Engineering, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 1422- Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics 1432, 2016. Society (IECON), 2016. ■ Rösch, S.; Vogel-Heuser, B.: A Light-weight Fault ■ Otto, J.; Vogel-Heuser, B.; Niggemann, O.: Opti- Injection Approach to Test aPS PLC Software in OK\KPI/QFWNCTCPF4GEQPƄIWTCDNG%[DGT2J[UKECN Industrial Practice. In: Control Engineering Practice, Production Systems by Determining Parameters vol. 58, pp. 12-23, 2016. Automatically. In: 14th IEEE International Confer- ■ 8QIGN*GWUGT$$KHƅ5%TQUUFKUEKRNKPG ence on Industrial Informatics (INDIN), 2016. modeling and its contribution to automation. In: ■ Regulin, D.; Schütz, D.; Aicher, T.; Vogel-Heuser, B.: at – Automatisierungstechnik, vol. 64, no. 3, Model Based Design of Knowledge Bases in Multi RR| #IGPV5[UVGOUHQTGPCDNKPI#WVQOCVKE4GEQPƄI- ■ Vogel-Heuser, B.; Hess, D.: Guest Editorial: Industry uration Capabilities of Material Flow Modules. In: 4.0 – Prerequisites and Visions. In: IEEE Transac- 12th IEEE International Conference on Automation tions on Automation Science and Engineering, vol. Science and Engineering (CASE), 2016. 13, no. 2, pp. 411-413, 2016. ■ Rehberger, S.; Spreiter, L.; Vogel-Heuser, B: An ■ Vogel-Heuser, B.; Rösch, S.; Fischer, J.; Simon, T.; Agent Approach to Flexible Automated Production Ulewicz, S.; Folmer, J.: Fault handling in PLC-based Systems Based on Discrete and Continuous Industry 4.0 automated production systems as Reasoning. In: 12th IEEE International Conference CDCUKUHQTTGUVCTVCPFUGNHEQPƄIWTCVKQPCPFKVU on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE), evaluation. In: Journal of Software Engineering and 2016. Applications, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1-43, 2016. ■ Rösch, S.; Schütz, D.; Vogel-Heuser, B.: Modell- basiertes Testen von Steuerungssoftware in der Conference Publications Praxis. In: VDI Kongress Automation, 2016. ■ Rösch, S.; Schütz, D.; Weißenberger, B.; Chen, ■ Aicher, T.; Regulin, D.; Schütz, D.; Lieberoth-Leden, X.; Voigt, T.; Vogel-Heuser, B.: Durchgängiges C.; Spindler, M.; Günthner, W.A.; Vogel-Heuser, B.: MES-Engineering als Grundlage für Industrie 4.0. +PETGCUKPIƅGZKDKNKV[QHOQFWNCTCWVQOCVGFOCVGTKCN In: VDI Kongress Automation, 2016. ƅQYU[UVGOU#OGVCOQFGNCTEJKVGEVWTG+PVJ ■ Simon, T.; Fischer, J.; Vogel-Heuser, B.: Variability IFAC Conference on Manufacturing Modelling, Management for Automated Production Systems Management and Control (MIM), 2016. Using Product Lines and Feature Models. In: ■ Bareiß, P.; Schütz, D.; Priego, R.; Marcos, M.; 14th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Vogel-Heuser, B.: A Model-based Failure Recovery Informatics (INDIN), 2016. Approach for automated Production Systems ■ Spindler, M.; Aicher, T.; Vogel-Heuser, B.; Günthner, combining SysML and Industrial Standards. In: IEEE 9#'HƄ\KGPVG'TUVGNNWPIXQP5VGWGTWPIUUQHVYCTG International Conference on Emerging Technologies HØTCWVQOCVKUKGTVG/CVGTKCNƅWUUU[UVGOGDCUKGTGPF and Factory Automation (ETFA), 2016. auf einer Zwei-Schichten-Architektur. In: Deutscher ■ De Felipe-Larrea, D.; Klee, T.; Benedito, E.; Folmer, /CVGTKCNƅWUU-QPITGUU /(- 8&+8GTNCI J.; Vogel-Heuser, B.: A multivariate process capabil- ■ Spindler, M.; Aicher, T.; Schütz, D.; Vogel-Heuser, ity index that complies with industry requirements. $)ØPVJPGT9#'HƄEKGPV%QPVTQN5QHVYCTG In: 42nd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Design for Automated Material Handling Systems Electronics Society (IECON), 2016. Based on a Two-Layer Architecture. In: 5th IEEE ■ Feldmann, S.; Wimmer, M.; Kernschmidt, K.; International Conference on Advanced Logistics Vogel-Heuser, B.: A Comprehensive Approach for and Transport (ICALT), 2016. Managing Inter-Model Inconsistencies in Automated ■ Spindler, M.; Aicher, T.; Schütz, D.; Vogel-Heuser, Production Systems Engineering. In: 12th IEEE B.; Günthner, W.A.: Modularized Control Algorithm International Conference on Automation Science for Automated Material Handling Systems. In: and Engineering (CASE), 2016. 19th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent ■ Feldmann, S.; Hauer, F.; Ulewicz, S.; Vogel-Heuser, Transportation Systems, 2016. B.: Analysis Framework for Evaluating PLC Soft- ware: An Application of Semantic Web Technolo- gies. In: IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE), 2016.

Automation and Information Systems 273 ■ Ulewicz, S.; Pantförder, D.; Vogel-Heuser, B.: Inter- Books and Book Sections disciplinary Communication and Comprehension ■ Feldmann, S.; Kernschmidt, K.; Vogel-Heuser, B.: in Factory Automation Engineering – A Concept for Applications of Semantic Web Technologies for an Immersive Virtual Environment. In: 13th IFAC/ the Engineering of Automated Production Systems IFIP/IFORS/IEA Symposium on Analysis, Design, s6JTGG7UG%CUGU+P$KHƅ55CDQW/ 'FU  and Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems (HMS), Semantic Web Technologies in Intelligent Engi- 2016. neering Applications, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, ■ Ulewicz, S.; Feldmann, S.; Vogel-Heuser, B.; Diehm, Germany, 2016, pp. 353-382. S.: Visualisierung und Analyseunterstützung von ■ Feldmann, S.; Vogel-Heuser, B.: Diagnose von Zusammenhängen in SPS-Programmen zur Verbes- Inkonsistenzen in heterogenen Engineeringdaten. serung der Modularität und Wiederverwendung. In: In: Vogel-Heuser, B.; Bauernhansl, T.; ten Hompel, VDI Kongress Automation, 2016. M. (Eds.): Handbuch Industrie 4.0 Produktion, ■ Ulewicz, S.; Ulbrich, M.; Weigl, A.; Kirsten, Automatisierung und Logistik, Springer, Berlin, M.; Wiebe, F.; Beckert, B.; Vogel-Heuser, B.: A Heidelberg, Germany, 2016, pp. 1-21. 8GTKƄECVKQP5WRRQTVGF'XQNWVKQP#RRTQCEJVQ#UUKUV ■ Flad, S.; Weißenberger, B.; Chen, X.; Rösch, Software Application Engineers in Industrial Factory S.; Voigt, T.: Automatische Generierung von Automation. In: IEEE International Symposium on Fertigungs-Managementsystemen – Grundlage Assembly and Manufacturing (ISAM), 2016. der durchgängigen Vernetzung in der Lebensmit- ■ Ulewicz, S.; Vogel-Heuser, B.: System Regression telindustrie. In: Vogel-Heuser, B.; Bauernhansl, Test Prioritization in Factory Automation – Relating T.; ten Hompel, M. (Eds.): Handbuch Industrie 4.0 Functional System Tests to the Tested Code using Produktion, Automatisierung und Logistik, Springer, Field Data. In: 42nd Annual Conference of the IEEE Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany, 2016, pp. 1-20. Industrial Electronics Society (IECON), 2016. ■ Mayer, F.; Pantförder, D.: Unterstützung des ■ Ulewicz, S.; Vogel-Heuser, B.: Guided Semi-Auto- Menschen in Cyber-Physical Production Systems. matic System Testing In Factory Automation. In: In: Vogel-Heuser, B.; Bauernhansl, T.; ten Hompel, 14th IEEE International Conference on Industrial M. (Eds.): Handbuch Industrie 4.0 Produktion, Informatics (INDIN), 2016. Automatisierung und Logistik, Springer, Berlin, ■ Vogel-Heuser, B.; Pantförder, D.; Folmer, J.: Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 1-10. Smart-Maintenance im Umfeld von Industrie ■ Pantförder, D.; Mayer, F.; Diedrich, C.; Göhner, P.; 4.0 und Cyber-Physikalische Produktionssys- Weyrich, M.; Vogel-Heuser, B.: Agentenbasierte teme – Nutzen und Chancen für die globalisierte F[PCOKUEJG4GMQPƄIWTCVKQPXQPXGTPGV\VGPKPVGN- Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der deutschen Industrie. In: ligenten Produktionsanlagen. In: Vogel-Heuser, B.; Smart Maintenance, 2016. Bauernhansl, T.; ten Hompel, M. (Eds.): Handbuch ■ Vogel-Heuser, B.; Fay, A.; Schaefer, I.; Tichy, M.: Industrie 4.0 Produktion, Automatisierung und Evolution of software in automated production Logistik, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany, systems: Challenges and Research Directions. In: RR| Software Engineering, 2016. ■ Regulin, D.; Vogel-Heuser, B.: Agentenorientierte ■ Vogel-Heuser, B.; Simon, T.; Folmer, J.; Heinrich, R.; Verknüpfung existierender heterogener automatisi- Rostami, K.; Reussner, R.H.: Towards a Common erter Produktionsanlagen durch mobile Roboter zu %NCUUKƄECVKQPQH%JCPIGUHQT+PHQTOCVKQPCPF einem Industrie-4.0-System. In: Vogel-Heuser, B.; Automated Production Systems as Precondition Bauernhansl, T.; ten Hompel, M. (Eds.): Handbuch for Maintenance Effort Estimation. In: 14th IEEE Industrie 4.0 Produktion, Automatisierung und International Conference on Industrial Informatics Logistik, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany, (INDIN), 2016. 2016, pp. 1-25. ■ Wiebe, F.; Rösch, S.; Rehberger, S.; Vogel-Heuser, ■ Schütz, D.; Vogel-Heuser, B.: Modellbasierte B.: Automated Test Suite Generation to Test Softwareagenten als Konnektoren zur Kopplung Modular Designed Packaging Machines using von heterogenen Cyber-Physischen Produktions- Fault Injection and a Simulink-based Simulation systemen. In: Vogel-Heuser, B.; Bauernhansl, T.; Approach. In: 12th IEEE International Conference on ten Hompel, M. (Eds.): Handbuch Industrie 4.0 Automation Science and Engineering (CASE), 2016. Produktion, Automatisierung und Logistik, Springer, ■ Wilberg, J.; Preißner, S.; Dengler, C.; Füller, Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany, 2016, pp. 1-10. K.; Gammel, J.; Kernschmidt, K.; Kugler, K.; ■ Vogel-Heuser, B.; Bauernhansl, T.; ten Hompel, M.: Vogel-Heuser, B.: Performance measurement in Handbuch Industrie 4.0 Produktion, Automatisi- interdisciplinary innovation processes – Transpar- erung und Logistik, Springer, Berlin, Germany, 2016. ency through structural complexity management. In: 18th International Dependency and Structure Modelling Conference (DSM), 2016.

274 Automation and Information Systems Metal Forming and Casting

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■ The Chair of Metal Forming and Casting focuses on the three pro- FWEVKQPRTQEGUUGUECUVKPIDNCPMKPICPFOGVCNHQTOKPI+PQXGT |UEKGPVKUVUYQTMGFCVVJGKPUVKVWVGQPTGUGCTEJRTQLGEVUYJKEJXCT[HTQO fundamental research to industrial application.

Virtual production and simulation

New technologies and New technologies and New technologies and RTQEGUUGUKPVJGƄGNFQH RTQEGUUGUKPVJGƄGNFQH RTQEGUUGUKPVJGƄGNFQH casting blanking metal forming

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Process stability and capability Wolfram Volk

The founding of the new Fraunhofer IGCV of the economy and will be a valuable Contact in Augsburg and Munich was a highlight partner for production companies. The www.utg.mw.tum.de in 2016. Its intention is to strengthen the aims are to provide research and develop- [email protected] Fraunhofer production section as a holistic ment services to small and medium-size Phone +49.89.289.13790 research partner for industry. As a typical companies and to establish strategic (TCWPJQHGTHCEKNKV[KVHWNƄNNUVJGPGGFU cooperations with major enterprises.

Casting

The research group ‘Casting’ focuses on: ■ Molding materials ■ Residual stress analysis and material characterization ■ Tooling technology for (high pressure) die casting ■ Continuous and composite casting

The increased requirements for cast components, regarding their stiffness and rigidity combined with lighter weight, demand a precise understanding of the /QWNFEQPEGRVCPFƄDGTRQUKVKQPKPI operational external loads. If these are being overlapped with internal pro- VJGWUGQHWRVQ|Œ%KPNKSWKFCNWOKPWO duction-related loads, such as residual That way, the cost intensive, complex and stresses, unexpected operation failures limited neutron diffraction does not have can occur. Due to that, there are high to be used. demands in terms of measurements refer- Another trend in the automotive industry is ring to the internal, mechanical stresses the use of die cast structure parts replac- and temperatures primarily with regard ing sheet metal parts. Due to their highly to the cooling process after casting. By complex geometries extensive research in WUKPIURGEKƄEJKIJVGORGTCVWTGUVCDNG VJGƄGNFQHVQQNFGUKIPKUTGSWKTGFCPFYCU ƄDTGDTCIIITCVKPIUHQTKPUVCPEGYJKNG carried out in several projects. casting aluminium, tensions and tem- 6JGTGUGCTEJKPVJGƄGNFUQHEQPVKPWQWU peratures can be determined during the casting and composite casting focuses on UQNKFKƄECVKQPCPFEQQNKPIQHCNWOKPWO the development of continuous compound alloys. The sensor allows the determina- casting processes which saves production tion of time- and temperature resolved, steps, energy and material. Furthermore multidimensional strain development for basic studies on the formation of com-

Metal Forming and Casting 275 pounds of highly different metals, such as ■ ‘-GTPs/KETQUVTWEVWTGDCUGFOGVJQF copper and aluminum are done. for calculating technological properties The neutron source FRMII situated near of inorganic bounded sand cores (DFG) the institute offers enormous possibilities ■ Development of a methodology for the in materials science. For instance the advanced design of cooling systems in development of residual stresses during high pressure die casting dies (INI.TUM) the cooling process of a cast part or the ■ 'PGTI[CPFOCVGTKCNGHƄEKGPVRTQ- phase transformation kinetics in austem- duction of copper bilayer strips using pered ductile iron is investigated in situ compound casting (DBU) using neutron diffraction. ■ Casting and characterization of Cu-Al-bilayer composites (DFG) Projects ■ (14241ŽsGHƄEKGPVRTQFWEVCPF ■ Incremental Casting – The generative process development by knowledge- droplet-based manufacturing of parts based simulation (BFS) using aluminum alloys (DFG) ■ In-situ measurement of deformation ■ Opti Alloy – mechanical strength calcu- induced formation of martensite in lation based on microstructure (BFS) austempered ductile iron (ADI) (DFG) ■ In-situ strain measurement during the ■ Application of ADI in hydraulic compo- UQNKFKƄECVKQPQHCNWOKPWOCNNQ[UWUKPI nents with dynamic loads (DFG) ƄDTGDTCIIITCVKPIU &()

Blanking

Sheet metal processing ranges from a few tenths of a millimeter thick electrical steel up to several millimeters thick heavy steel plates. Such sheets are used in various applications including but not limited to GNGEVTKEEQPXGTVGTUCPFƄPGDNCPMKPIQH functional components in the commercial vehicle sector. Materials with a strength up to 2000 MPa can be separated reliably by the institute, thanks to the many years of experience with designing shear cutting tools. However, research via industrial collaborations showed a disproportionate increase in wear of the active tool parts due to an unsuitable choice of tool rigidity Cutting tool (upper and lower parts) or process parameters, which makes it no longer possible to manufacture parts To predict edge crack sensitivity of various meeting the requirements in a reliable metallic materials, the edge-fracture process. tensile test was developed and success- Particularly when processing martensitic- fully validated via standardized edge crack ferritic materials, which are increasingly testing methods. The testing procedure of used for structural components in vehicle the edge-fracture tensile test corresponds bodies, an unsuitable tool design and thus to the tensile test, where edge crack excessive tool wear can result in poor cut- tensile specimens with different edge VKPIGFIGU6JQUGECPECWUGCUKIPKƄECPV banding conditions are used. decrease in forming capacity, which leads Advantages of the edge-fracture-tensile- to reject parts. test:

276 Metal Forming and Casting ■ Frictionless testing method ■ Wear curves of cutting punches ■ No strain gradient through targeted fatigue (AiF) ■ Uniaxial tensile load on cross section ■ Improvement of the formability of ■ Possibility to differentiate between the sheared edges of iron-manganese failure mode of ductile fracture and metal sheets through optimized mechanical failure due to edge cracks punching parameters (FOSTA Stahl- ■ Scatter-resistant evaluation method anwendung e.V.) with high repeat accuracy ■ +PƅWGPEGQHRTQEGUUTGNCVGFCNVGTKPI ■ %QUVGHƄEKGPVCPFUKORNGRTQFWEVKQP die clearance on tool wear (FOSTA of specimens combined with reliable Stahlanwendung e.V.) preparation for the specimen’s edges ■ Improvement of tool life through adjust- ment of the tip clearance of punching The use of edge-fracture tensile tests dies to the breakthrough force (AiF) in material characterization enables the ■ HyBMS – Punching of hybrid compo- comparison of any metallic material’s nents with a minimal degree of damage edge crack sensitivity. In addition, in-situ (AiF) data acquisition and data preparation of ■ *KIJN[ƅGZKDNGRTQFWEVKQPU[UVGOUHQT the strain distribution determines charac- OQTGGHƄEKGPVGNGEVTKEFTKXGU $/$( teristic values throughout the edge-crack ■ Lubricant-free forming by affecting tensile test. In a simulative component thermoelectric currents (DFG) design using the simulation environment ■ Process enhancement for the applica- Abaqus/Explicit, those values allow the tion of high-tensile steels (AiF) development of edge cracks during a ■ Low-loss electrical steel for energy- forming simulation to be predicted. GHƄEKGPVGNGEVTKECNFTKXGUs/CPWHCE- turing electromagnetical components Projects (DFG – FOR1897) ■ Burr-free sheared edges (AiF) ■ Geometry and feasability prediction ■ Reduction of sliver formation when of sheet metal parts with embossings trimming aluminum sheets (AiF) made of high-strength and ultra-high- ■ Development of a software-tool for the strength steels (FOSTA Stahlanwen- robust design of the shearing process dung e.V.) of metallic multilayer materials without additional lubricant (DFG)

Metal Forming

The research group ‘Metal forming’ focuses on: ■ 3WCNKƄECVKQPQHOCVGTKCNU ■ 3WCNKƄECVKQPQHRTQEGUUGUVQQNUCPF machinery

6JGSWCNKƄECVKQPQHOCVGTKCNUKUCMG[VQRKE of this research group. In this area, espe- cially the determination of quasi-static properties as well as the investigation of the strain rate and temperature sensitivity of the materials are focused on. The knowledge gained is the basis for the understanding of the material behavior Sheet metal testing machine BUP 1000 with Marciniak in forming processes and high quality and Nakajima tools

Metal Forming and Casting 277 ƄPKVGGNGOGPVUKOWNCVKQPU6JGNCVVGT on uniaxial testing machines, a sheet help to gain deeper process insight and metal testing machine BUP 1000 with understanding of the forming processes. Marciniak and Nakajima tools were used They are part of nearly every project in the to induce different sheet curvatures in the metal forming group and are the starting wrinkling region simultaneously with a ten- RQKPVHQTVJGSWCNKƄECVKQPQHRTQEGUUGU sile load. With the experimental evaluation tools and machinery. The projects investi- of the punch force as well as the minor gated range from wide spread processes and major strains, which were captured by such as deep drawing, bending or joining the optical measurement system ARAMIS to processes for single piece production /CUKOWNCVKQPOQFGNYCUXGTKƄGF6JKU model enables the determination of the minor stress in the wrinkling region of the specimen shortly before instability occurs and therefore the critical compressive stress.

Projects ■ 2TGXGPVKQPQHUWTHCEGFGƅGEVKQPUQH sheet metal parts (AiF / EFB) ■ Improving the time dependent evalu- ation method of tests for the determi- nation of the forming limit curve and development of a numerical equivalent model (AiF / EFB) ■ Optimized risk management in press- /QFKƄGF;QUJKFCDWEMNKPIVGUV shops development breakdown costs in case of facility downtime (BMW AG) like driving. ■ Hole roller clinching of multi-material- One exemplary project is the production- lightweight joints (DFG) compatible design of deep-drawn parts ■ Connection optimization of progressive in the early phase of the product devel- die components (AiF/EFB) opment process. For this, a method for ■ Inline-Qualitycontrol in pressing tools geometry-based wrinkling analysis was (BMW AG) developed and implemented in a software ■ Stiffening of cambered sheet metal demonstrator in cooperation with the designs: numeric bead optimization Chair for Engineering Design and CAD of by a coupled algorithm considering the University of Bayreuth. This enables nonlinear forming limits (DFG) the product designer to assess the ■ Anisotropic generalized forming limit feasibility of deep-drawn parts without any concept (DFG) knowledge of the later production process ■ Intelligent lightweight design through or simulation skills. It provides support multi-component processes (AiF/Fosta) to generate a robust part geometry. One ■ Production-compatible design of deep- partial aspect of this method is the deter- drawn parts (BFS) mination of the critical compressive stress, ■ Process-integrated compensation of which causes wrinkling, depending on the geometrical deviations for bulk forming material properties, the sheet thickness (imu) and the surface curvature. Therefore, a ■ Suitable representation of sharp char- OQFKƄGF;QUJKFCDWEMNKPIVGUVYCUFGXGN- acter lines for large scale production oped. Compared to previous applications (BMW AG)

278 Metal Forming and Casting Research Focus Management ■ Industrial engineering Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfram Volk, Director ■ Tool design Prof. i.R. Dr.-Ing. Hartmut Hoffmann, ■ Engineering and planning processes Emeritus

Competence Honorary Professors ■ Process chain car body sheet Prof. Dr.-Ing. Franz Breun ■ Alternative metal forming processes for Prof. Dr.-Ing. Walter Wohnig small batch production and prototyping Prof. Dr. Horst-Henning Wolf ■ Cutting surface quality, wear, accuracy ■ Tool technology Visiting Lecturer ■ Molding materials Dr.-Ing. Carsten Intra ■ Continuous casting ■ Residual stress analysis and material Visiting Researcher characterization Prof. Yohei Abe, Ph.D. Prof. Susumu Takahashi, Ph.D. Infrastructure ■ Hydraulic press, high speed punching Administrative Staff press, triple-action blanking press Stefanie Prauser ■ 3D printer for inorganically bound core Brigitte Resch sands Bettina Volk ■ Measurement instrumentation (residual stresses, surface, geometry, mechani- Research Scientists cal properties, etc.) Dr.-Ing. Roland Golle ■ Various tools (cold and heated) Prof. Dr.-Ing. Matthias Golle ■ Stamping and bending machine Dipl.-Ing. Georg Baumgartner ■ Rotational cutting line Dipl.-Ing. Tim Benkert ■ Casting equipment Dipl.-Ing. Christian Bieg ■ Craftformer Ole Böttcher, M.Sc. ETH ■ Core blowing machine Wan-gi Cha, M.Sc. ■ Workshop Matthias Eder, M.Sc. Florian Ettemeyer, M.Sc. Courses Dipl.-Ing. Martin Feistle ■ Principles of Engineering Design and Christian Gaber, M.Sc. Production Systems Thomas Greß, M.Sc. ■ Basics of Casting and Metal Forming Dipl.-Ing. Benjamin Griebel ■ Metal Forming Machines Tobias Hammer, M.Sc. ■ Virtual Process Design for Metal Christoph Hartmann, M.Sc. Forming and Casting Florian Heilmeier, M.Sc. ■ Casting and Rapid Prototyping Dipl.-Ing. Maria Hiller ■ Manufacturing Technologies Dipl.-Ing. Sven Jansen ■ Marketing Engineering and Purchasing Dipl.-Ing. David Jocham ■ Production Management in the Com- Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Kopp mercial Vehicle Sector Dipl.-Ing. Michael Krinninger ■ Development of Car Body Parts Martin Landesberger, M.Sc. ■ Casting in Vehicle Construction Philipp Lechner, M.Sc. Simon Maier, M.Sc. Tim Mittler, M.Sc. Ferdinand Neumayer, M.Sc. Dipl.-Math. Daniel Opritescu Dipl.-Ing. Isabella Pätzold Dipl.-Ing. Manuel Pintore Marco Raupach, M.Eng.

Metal Forming and Casting 279 Dipl.-Ing. Peter Sachnik Technical Staff Dipl.-Ing. Sven Schreyer Marco Olbrich-Baier Jens Stahl, M.Sc. Andreas Fuhrmann Florian Steinlehner, M.Sc. Tim Schönstädt Philipp Tröber M.Eng. Corinna Sutter Dipl.-Ing. Simon Vogt Dipl.-Ing. Annika Weinschenk Hannes Weiss, M.Sc.

Publications 2016

■ Risch, F.; Schilp, H.; Schlag, P.; Beckmöller, S.; ■ Heilmeier, F.; Goller, D.; Opritescu, D.; Thoma, Kehl, N.; Halder, H.; Rösler, C.; Schuster, C.; C.; Rieg, F.; Volk, W., Support for Ingate Design Amesöder, S.; Bickel, B.; Schneider, M.; Vogt, S.; by Analysing the Geometry of High Pressure Die .KPICWGT#*QEJƅGZKDNG2TQFWMVKQPUU[UVGOGHØT Cast Geometries Using Dijkstra’s Shortest Path GHƄ\KGP\IGUVGKIGTVG'6TCMVKQPUCPVTKGDG *G2'  Algorithm, Advanced Materials Research, 2016, Hannover, 2016 1140, 400-407 ■ 8QNM9-QRR6'KPƅWUURTQ\GUUDGFKPIVGT ■ Heugenhauser, S.; Kaschnitz, E.; Mittler, T.; Pintore, Schneidspaltveränderungen auf den Werkzeugver- M.; Schumacher, P., Development and Numerical schleiß, Hannover, 2016 Simulation of A Compound Belt Casting Process, ■ Benkert, T.; Volk, W., Deep Drawing of Gear Wheel Light Metals 2016, The Minerals, Metals and Bodies, 141-143, International Cold Forging Group Materials Society, Wiley-Blackwell, 2016 Plenary Meeting, 2016 ■ Jocham, D.; Gaber, C.; Böttcher, O.; Wiedemann, ■ Cha, W.-G.; Vogel, S.; Bursac, N.; Albers, A.; Volk, P.; Volk, W., Experimental prediction of sheet metal W., Determination of the bead geometry considering formability of AW-5754 for non-linear strain paths formability and stiffness effect using generalized by using a cruciform specimen and a blank holder forming limit concept (GFLC), Journal of Physics: with adjustable draw beads on a sheet metal testing Conference Series, 2016, 734, 32077 machine, International Journal of Material Forming, ■ Feistle, M.; Golle, R.; Volk, W., Determining the 2016 KPƅWGPEGQHUJGCTEWVVKPIRCTCOGVGTUQPVJGGFIG ■ Jocham, D.; Norz, R.; Volk, W., Strain rate sensitivity cracking susceptibility of high-strength-steels of DC06 for high strains under biaxial stress in using the edge-fracture-tensile-test, 48th CIRP hydraulic bulge test and under uniaxial stress in ten- Conference on Manufacturing Ssystems – CIRP sile test, International Journal of Material Forming, CMS 2015, 2016 2016 ■ Feistle, M.; Pätzold, I.; Golle, R.; Volk, W., Predicting ■ Jocham, D.; Vitzthum, S.; Takahashi, S.; Wein- Edge Cracks on Shear-Cut High-Strength Steels schenk, A.; Volk, W., Yield locus determination of D[/QFKƄGF7PKCZKCN6GPUKNG6GUVU,QWTPCNQH-G[ DX56 on a testing apparatus with link mechanism Engineering Materials, 2016, Vol. 703, 49-55 using thermoelectrical effect and equivalent plastic ■ Gaber, C.; Jocham, D.; Weiss, H. A.; Böttcher, O.; work, 81-86, 9th Forming Technology Forum 2016, Volk, W., Evaluation of non-linear strain paths using 2016 )GPGTCNK\GF(QTOKPI.KOKV%QPEGRVCPFCOQFKƄ- ■ Jocham, D.; Volk, W., Numerical determination of cation of the Time Dependent Evaluation Method, the onset of local necking using time dependent International Journal of Material Forming, 2016 evaluation method and dynamic material param- ■ Griebel, B.; Brecheisen, D.; Ramakrishnan, R.; Volk eters, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 734 032015, 2016, 734, W., Optical Measurement Techniques Determine 032015 Young’s Modulus of Sand Core Materials, Interna- ■ Kopp, T.; Stahl, J.; Demmel, P.; Tröber, P.; Golle, R.; tional Journal of Metalcasting, 2016, 10, 4, 524-530 Hoffmann, H.; Volk, W., Experimental investigation ■ Griebel, B.; Ramakrishnan, R.; Volk, W.; Baibl, D.; of the lateral forces during shear cutting with an 0ØTPDGTIGT(2TQLGMVDGTKEJV'KPƅWUUCPCN[UG open cutting line, Journal of Materials Processing anorganisch gebundener Formstoffe, 47-53, 1. Technologiy, 2016, Volume 238, 49-54 Internationales Deutsches Formstoff-Forum 2016, ■ Krinninger, M.; Opritescu, D.; Golle, R.; Volk, W., VDG, 2016 'ZRGTKOGPVCNKPXGUVKICVKQPQHVJGKPƅWGPEGQHRWPEJ ■ Gutknecht, F.; Steinbach, F.; Hammer, T.; Claus- XGNQEKV[QPVJGURTKPIDCEMDGJCXKQWTCPFVJGƅCV meyer, T.; Volk, W.; Tekkaya A. E., Analysis of length in free bending, Procedia CIRP, 2016, 41, shear cutting of dual phase steel by application 1066-1071 of an advanced damage model, 1700-1707, 21st ■ Maaß, L.; Donath, N.; Volk, W.; Hoffmann, H., European Conference on Fracture, 2016 +PƅWGPEGQHRTQEGUUTGNCVGFQZKFGHQTOCVKQPFWTKPI ■ Hammer, T.; Cha, W.-G.; Feistle, M.; Golle, R.; UJCRKPIQHCNWOKPWOƄDGTOCVUKPVJGOWUJ[UVCVG Volk, W., FE-unterstützte Verschleißprognose Prod. Eng. Res. Devel., 2016, 10, 227-240 beim Scherschneiden unter Berücksichtigung ■ Mittler, T.; Greß, T.; Pintore, M.; Volk, W., Kupfer- verschiedener Verschleißmechanismen, 59-71, 9. Hybridhalbzeuge: Gießtechnische Herstellung eines Forum Tribologische Entwicklungen in der Blechum- rotationssymmetrischen Schichtverbundes, Metall, formtechnik, Meisenbach Verlag GmbH, 2016 2016, Jun, 248-251

280 Metal Forming and Casting ■ 1RTKVGUEW&*CTVOCPP%8QNM9'HƄEKGPV ■ Tröber, P.; Golle, R.; Volk, W., Experimental parameterized characterization of manufacturing investigation on the thermoelectric current during strategies for automated copied driving, Procedia embossing of Aluminum EN AW 1050, Dry Metal CIRP, 2016, 41, 1090-1095 Forming Open Access Journal FMT, 2016, 2, 40-43 ■ Opritescu, D.; Volk, W., Variation of components by ■ Victoria-Hernández, J.; Suh, J.; Yi, S.; Bohlen, J.; automated driving – A knowledge-based approach Volk, W.; Letzig, D., Strain-induced selective grain for geometric variance, International Journal of growth in AZ31 Mg alloy sheet deformed by equal Material Forming, 2016, 9, 9-19 channel angular pressing, Materials Characteriza- ■ Saal, P.; Meier, L.; Li, X.; Hofmann, M.; Hoelzel, tion, 2016, 113, 98-107 M.; Wagner, J. N.; Volk, W., In Situ Study of the ■ Volk, W.; Hartmann, C.; Feistle, M.; Gaber, C.; +PƅWGPEGQH0KEMGNQPVJG2JCUG6TCPUHQTOCVKQP Jocham, D.; Weiss, H. A., Advanced Methods in Kinetics in Austempered Ductile Iron, Metallurgical Sheet Metal Testing – Material Characterization and and Materials Transactions A, 2016, 47, 2, 661-671 Prediction of Local Properties, 3-8, Advanced Meth- ■ Steentjes, S.; Leuning, N.; Dierdorf, J.; Wei, X.; ods in Material Testing for Sheet Metal Forming, Weiss, H. A.; Volk, W.; Roggenbuck, S.; Korte- 9th Forming Technology Forum 2016, Institute of Kerzel, S.; Stoecker, A.; Kawalla, R.; Hameyer, Metal Forming and Casting, Technical University of K., Effect of the Interdependence of Cold Rolling Munich, 2016 Strategies and Subsequent Punching on Magnetic ■ Volk, W.; Sachnik, P.; Stahl, J., Challenges and Properties of NO Steel Sheets, IEEE Transactions Chances of the Shear Cutting Simulation, The on Magnetics, 2016 International Deep Drawing Research Group, 2016 ■ Suh, J.; Victoria-Hernández, J.; Letzig, D.; Golle, ■ Weinschenk, A.; Volk, W., Systematic investigation R.; Volk, W., Enhanced mechanical behavior and QHIGQOGVTKECNRCTCOGVGTUoKPƅWGPEGQPVJGCRRGCT- reduced mechanical anisotropy of AZ31 Mg alloy CPEGQHUWTHCEGFGƅGEVKQPUKPUJGGVOGVCNHQTOKPI sheet processed by ECAP, Materials Science and J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 2016, 734, 032004 Engineering: A, 2016, 650, 523-529 ■ Weiss, H. A.; Leuning, N.; Steentjes, S.; Hameyer, ■ Suh, J.; Victoria-Hernández, J.; Letzig, D.; Golle, R.; -#PFQTHGT6,GPPGT58QNM9+PƅWGPEGQH Volk, W., Effect of processing route on texture and shear cutting parameters on the electromagnetic cold formability of AZ31 Mg alloy sheets processed properties of non-oriented electrical steel sheets, by ECAP, Materials Science and Engineering: A, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2016, 669,159-170 2016, Volume 421, 250-259

Metal Forming and Casting 281 Product Development

Processes, methods and tools for developers of technical products

■6JGHQEWUQHVJGKPUVKVWVGKPVJGNCUVVYQ[GCTUKUTGRTGUGPVGFD[VJGƄXG HQEWUGFTGUGCTEJƄGNFU

/QUVRTQLGEVUCTGNQECVGFKPVJGƄGNFQH Knowledge and approaches from systems innovation and creativity. Together with engineering are also transferred to the industrial partners, the institute works on TGUGCTEJƄGNFQHMPQYNGFIGOCPCIGOGPV topics like user experience, bio-mimetics Facing the challenge of the huge amount and open innovation (represented in three of employees carrying knowledge for projects). HWNƄNNKPIVCUMUVJGUVTWEVWTCNEQORNGZKV[ The institute has a long tradition in the approach helps handling these domains ƄGNFQHU[UVGOUGPIKPGGTKPICPFGPIKPGGT and deriving measures. Prof. Dr.-Ing. KPIFGUKIPRTQEGUUGU+PVJKUƄGNFVJG Finally, projects on the topic of cost ma - Wolfram Volk institute works on four projects within the nagement deal with the challenge of early (interim) Collaborative Research Centre SFB 768 determination, at least cost. and on several projects in collaboration Contact with large companies as well as small and medium enterprises (SMEs). www.pe.mw.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.15151

Innovation and Creativity

industrial environment. Research helps to develop sustainable product architectures, ƄPFPGYKFGCUWUKPIOGVJQFQNQIKGUQHVJG ‘Open Innovation’ toolbox and implements new organizational models following the principles of ‘Open Organization’.

Projects ■ -/'RTQLGEVs5/'URGEKƄECRRNKECVKQP of outside-in open innovation ■ BMWi project – InnoCyFer: Integrated design and fabrication of customer individualized products in cyber physi- Creativity in the development and The current research activities of the cal manufacturing systems design process Institute of Product Development in the ■ BMBF project – RAKOON: Progress by ƄGNFQHKPPQXCVKQPCPFETGCVKXKV[CKOCV active collaboration in open organisa- the integration of relevant knowledge from tions various disciplines of product develop- ■ BSH project – Innovative dish care OGPV6JGKPUVKVWVGOCKPN[TGƄPGUFGUKIP solutions methodologies and adapts processes ■ Zeidler-Forschungs-Stiftung project – in companies. An essential component Innovative drinking assistance of research is applications within an

282 Product Development Systems Engineering

The Institute of Product Development has a long tradition in integrated product development. In recent years, research activities of systems engineering were performed to react to the increasing inter- disciplinarity of product development and VQDGPGƄVHTQOU[PGTIKGU4GUGCTEJHQEWU of the department is the development of product architectures as an important link between requirements analysis and design of individual components. Viewed methodologically, the institute mainly works based on the approach of structural complexity management. #OCLQTTGUWNVKPVJKUƄGNFKUVJGFGXGNQRGF guideline for a market-oriented top-down modularization tailored to machine and plant engineering. /CTMGVQTKGPVGFRTQFWEVCTEJKVGEVWTGUCPFOQFWNCTK\CVKQP Projects ■ DFG SFB project A10 – Analyzing the dynamics of cyclic interactions in PSS

Engineering Design Processes

Research activities on engineering design processes focus on the development QHGHƄEKGPVRTQEGFWTGUHQTVJGFGUKIPQH complex technical products and pro- duct service systems (PSS). The most important premise when analyzing and improving processes is the company- and UKVWCVKQPURGEKƄEUWRRQTVQHFGXGNQRGTU In particular, the underlying product structure, the organizational conditions and the dynamics of internal and external factors for a targeted design process are taken into account.

Projects ■ DFG SFB project B1 – Cycle-oriented planning and coordination of develop- ment processes ■ DFG SFB project C2 – Lifecycle-driven Processes in design and development decision methodology in product- service system planning ■ KME project – A2TEMP ■ Industry project – Implementation of a modularization strategy

Product Development 283 Knowledge Transfer and Management

In addition to knowledge transfer be tween employees and the maintenance of know- ledge portfolios, the research focus in VJKUƄGNFKUOCMKPIGZKUVKPIMPQYNGFIGQH proven solutions available. A key factor for successful product development is pro- viding the information on best practices within the company and across companies at the right time to the right employees. &WGVQVJGKPETGCUKPIƅQYQHKPHQTOCVKQP and growing amount of unstructured data, this often is an unmanageable challenge. The institute faces this challenge with approaches from system engineering.

Projects ■ BFS project FORPRO2 – Methodolo- gical toolkit for systematic evaluation of 1RVKOK\CVKQPQHMPQYNGFIGVTCPUHGTD[WUKPIMPQYNGFIGOCRU design solutions ■ BFS project FORPRO2 – Process- oriented requirements in simulation management

Cost Management

In the area of cost management, the early phases of the product life cycle, the cost responsibility of designers and the neces- sary cooperation between various internal departments and external corporate points are emphasized. Designers and engineers are supported by the research activities of the department for product development in various areas. Thus, me thods and tools are designed to enable cost estimates during early phases of product development and to make them thorough and reliable.

Projects ■ DFG project – IVE: Cost analysis and Topology feed-forward for cost estimation optimization of mechatronic products by evaluating and designing product structures ■ BMWi/FVA project – AIDA: Estimation of indirect costs in drive technology ■ FVA study – Cost estimation with CTVKƄEKCNPGWTCNPGVYQTMU

284 Product Development Research Focus Management ■ Innovation & creativity Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfram Volk, ■ Systems engineering Commissarial Head of Chair ■ Engineering design processes Dr.-Ing. Markus Mörtl ■ Knowledge transfer & management Prof. i.R. Dr.-Ing. Udo Lindemann ■ Cost management em. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Ehrlenspiel, Emeritus Competence ■ Structured, analytical approach Adjunct Professors ■ Support holistic understanding Prof. PD Dr. Werner Seidenschwarz ■ Manage structural complexity ■ Methods in engineering design Administrative Staff ■ Cost optimization in engineering design Edith Marquard-Schmitt ■ Process pragmatism Katja Zajicek Eva Körner Infrastructure Robert Weiß ■ Precision engineering workshop Christian Adlberger ■ Innovation lab for student projects with Michael Riedl 3D printer Research Scientists Courses Lucia Becerril, M.Sc. ■ Product Design and Development Dipl.-Ing. Annette Böhmer ■ Methods of Product Development Dipl.-Ing. Cristina Carro Saavedra ■ Cost Management in Product Develop- Dr. Hugo D’Albert ment Kristin Gövert, M.Sc. ■ Management of Business Strategies Dr.-Ing. Matthias Gürtler Dipl.-Ing. Helena Hashemi Farzaneh Lectures in Collaboration with Other Dipl.-Ing. Christoph Hollauer Institutes: Dipl.-Ing. Daniel Kammerl ■ Basics of Engineering Design and Peter Kandlbinder, M.Sc. Production Systems Niklas Kattner, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Simon Kremer Dipl.-Chem. Alexander Lang Christopher Münzberg, M.Sc. Dr. Mayada Omer Dipl.-Ing. Michael Roth, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Christian Schmied Sebastian Schweigert, M.Sc. Dominik Weidmann, M.Sc. Julian Wilberg, M.Sc.

Product Development 285 Publications 2016

■ Abram, L., Münzberg, C., & Lindemann, U. (2016). ■ Chucholowski, N., Lehmer, K., Rebentisch, E., & Crisis Situations in Engineering Product Develop- Lindemann, U. (2016). Synchronization in Product ment: Elaboration of Principles for effective Crisis Development Projects: A Literature Study on Solving. In The Design Society (Ed.), Proceedings Challenges and Practices. In D. Marjanovic, M. of NordDesign 2016 (DS 85, Volume 2, pp. 93-102). Storga, N. Pavkovic, N. Bojcetic, & S. Skec (Eds.), Trondheim, Norway. Proceedings of the DESIGN 2016 14th International ■ Böhmer, A. I., Beckmann, A., Lindemann, L. (2015). Design Conference (DS84, pp. 1465-1474). Cavtat, Open Innovation Ecosystem – Makerspaces within Dubrovnik, Croatia: Faculty of Mechanical Engineer- an Agile Innovation Process. In ISPIM Innovation ing and Naval Architecture. Summit (pp. 1-11). Brisbane, Australia. ■ Chucholowski, N., Starke, P., Moser, B. R., Reben- ■ Becerril, L., Sauer, M., & Lindemann, U. (2016). tisch, E., & Lindemann, U. (2016). Characterizing Estimating the effects of Engineering Changes in and Measuring Activity Dependence in Engineering early stage product development. In M. Monteiro Projects. In Proceedings of the Portland Interna- de Carvalho, S. Eppinger, M. Maurer, & L. Becerril tional Conference on Management of Engineering & (Eds.), Proceedings of the 18th International DSM Technology 2016. Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. Conference. Sao Paulo, Brazil: USP – Sao Paulo. ■ D’Albert, H., & Lindemann, U. (2016). Engineering doi:10.19255/JMPM-DSM2016 Design Education: Practical Methods of Product ■ Behncke, F., Maisenbacher, S., Shalumov, B., Development. In SAISE (Ed.), 2016 International Kieckebusch, M., Koehler, C., & Lindemann, U. Conference on Design and Manufacturing Engineer- (2016). Strategisches Produktkostenmanagement ing (pp. 1-6). Auckland, New Zealand: SAISE. – Eine Studie der europäischen Industrie (50th ed.). ■ D’Albert, H., Schweigert, S., & Lindemann, U. Garching, Germany: Lehrstuhl für Produktentwick- (2016). Anwendung von Anforderungsschablonen lung. im Simulationsdatenmanagement. In NAFEMS. ■ Bock, J., Wilberg, J., & Lindemann, U. (2016). Bamberg, Deutschland. Supplier Integration in Product Development: a ■ Fernandez Miguel, R., Carro Saavedra, C., & Search for Existing Approaches in other Industries. .KPFGOCPP7  (CEVQTUKPƅWGPEKPIMPQY In D. Marjanovic, M. Storga, N. Pavkovic, N. ledge application – A review from the knowledge Bojcetic, & S. Skec (Eds.), Proceedings of the OCPCIGOGPVƄGNF+P&'5+)0 RR  DESIGN 2016 14th International Design Conference Cavtat, Croatia. (pp. 1215-2224). Cavtat, Dubrovnik, Croatia: Faculty ■ Gebhardt, M., Schmied, C., & Mörtl, M. (2016). of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture. 'ZCPVG3WCPVKƄ\KGTWPIKPFKTGMVGT#PFGTWPIUMQUVGP ■ Böhmer, A. I., & Lindemann, U. (2016). Agile – Vorgehen zur Entwicklung heuristischer Verfahren. Innovation – Challenges while Implementing Agile ZWF – Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, Approaches within complex mechatronic processes 111(7-8), 434-438. of large corporations. In ISPIM Innovation Summit ■ Goevert, K., Cloutier, R., Roth, M., & Lindemann, U. 2016: Moving the Innovation Horizon Conference (2016). Concept of System Architecture Database (pp. 1-14). Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Analysis. In IEEE (Ed.), 2016 IEEE International ■ Böhmer, A. I., Richter, C., Hostettler, R., Schneider, Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineer- P., Plum, I., Böhler, D., Lindemann, U., Conrat, J., ing Management (IEEM) (pp. 410-414). Nusa Dua, Knoll, A. (2016). Think.Make.Start. An Agile Frame- Indonesia: IEEE. doi:10.1109/IEEM.2016.7797907 work. In D. Marjanovic, M. Storga, N. Pavkovic, ■ Guertler, M. R., Becerril, L., & Lindemann, U. (2016). N. Bojcetic, & S. Skec (Eds.), Proceedings of the How to Identify Suitable Collaboration Strategies for DESIGN 2016 14th International Design Conference Open Innovation? In International Design Confer- (DS84, pp. 917-926). Dubrovnik, Croatia. ence – DESIGN 2016 (pp. 1005-1014). Dubrovnik, ■ Böhmer, A. I., Zöllner, Alexander Martin, Kuhl, Ellen, Croatia. & Lindemann, U. (2014). Medical Device Design ■ Guertler, M. R., & Lindemann, U. (2016). Identifying Process: A Medical Engineering Perspective. In Open Innovation Partners: A Methodology for /CTLCPQXKæ&jVQTIC/2CXMQXKæ0$QLìGVKæ0 Strategic Partner Selection. International Journal of (Ed.), 13th International Design Conference (pp. Innovation Management (ijim), 20(5), 1-20. 749-758). Dubrovnik, Croatia: Faculty of Mechanical ■ Guertler, M. R., & Lindemann, U. (2016). Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Innovations management. In U. Lindemann (Ed.), Zagreb. Handbuch Produktentwicklung (pp. 483-511). ■ Bruse, F., Böhmer, A. I., & Lindemann, U. (2016). München: Carl Hanser Verlag. Cooperation between large companies and ■ Guertler, M. R., Michailidou, I., & Lindemann, U. start-ups: the access to drive disruptive innovation. (2016). How to assess a company’s open innovation In NordDesign 2016 (pp. 115-136). Trondheim, situation? Design Science, 2(e1), 1-30. doi:10.1017/ Norway. dsj.2016.4 ■ Carro Saavedra, C., Marahrens, N.-J., Schwei- ■ Guertler, M. R., Stahl, S., Muenzberg, C., & gert, S., Kestel, P., Kremer, S., Wartzack, S., & .KPFGOCPP7  #PCN[UKPIVJGKPƅWGPEGQH Lindemann, U. (2016). Development of a Toolkit of planning-parameters on Open Innovation perfor- Methods for Simulations in Product Development. mance. In The XXVII ISPIM Innovation Conference – In IEEE (Ed.), 2016 IEEE International Conference on Blending Tomorrow’s Innovation Vintage (pp. 1-11). Industrial Engineering and Engineering Manage- Porto, Portugal. ment (IEEM). Nusa Dua, Indonesia: IEEE. ■ Hollauer, C., Hornauer, L., & Lindemann, U. (2016). ■ Chucholowski, N., Kriegler, J., Hollauer, C., Kattner, Process Maturity Models for the Development of N., Becerril, L., Weidmann, D., & Lindemann, U. Mechatronic Products. In IEEE (Ed.), 2016 IEEE (2016). Systematic Partitioning in Mechatronic Pro - International Conference on Industrial Engineering duct Development by Modeling Structural Depen- and Engineering Management (IEEM). Nusa Dua, dencies. In M. Monteiro de Carvalho, S. Eppinger, Indonesia: IEEE. doi:10.1109/IEEM.2016.7798068 M. Maurer, & L. Becerril (Eds.), Proceedings of the 18th International DSM Conference (pp. 57-66). Sao Paulo, Brazil: USP – Sao Paulo.

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Engineering and Naval Architecture. ■ Kammerl, D., Novak, G., Hollauer, C., & Mörtl, M. ■ Maisenbacher, S., Goevert, K., Moertl, M., & (2016). Integrating Usage Data into the Planning of Lindemann, U. (2016). Supporting Product Platform Product-Service Systems. In 2016 IEEE Interna- Decisions with Lifecycle Costing. In IEEE (Ed.), tional Conference on Engineering and Engineering 2016 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Management (IEEM 2016). Nusa Dua, Indonesia: Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM) IEEE. doi:10.1109/IEEM.2016.7797900 (pp. 1325-1329). Nusa Dua, Indonesia: IEEE. ■ Kammerl, D., Winkler, S., Schmidt, D. M., & Mörtl, doi:10.1109/IEEM.2016.7798093 M. (2016). Model-based support for Product-Ser- ■ Michailidou, I., Franzen, F., & Lindemann, U. (2016). vice System planning. In D. Marjanovic, M. Storga, /GVJQFVQETGCVGOCTMGVURGEKƄEEWUVQOGTRTQƄNGU N. Pavkovic, N. Bojcetic, & S. Skec (Eds.), 14th for enhancing positive user experiences in cars. In International Design Conference DESIGN 2016. /CTLCPQXKæ&jVQTIC/2CXMQXKæ0$QLìGVKæ0 Dubrovnik, Croatia: Faculty of Mechanical Engineer- jMGE5 'F VJ+PVGTPCVKQPCN&GUKIP%QPHGTGPEG ing and Naval Architecture. (Vol. 4, pp. 1763-1772). Dubrovnik, Croatia: The ■ Kattner, N., Holle, Maik, Lang, Christopher, & Linde- Design Society. OCPP7  5GOCPVKE+FGPVKƄECVKQPQH2QUUKDNG ■ Michailidou, I., & Lindemann, U. (2016). Explor- Cross-Industry Cooperation. In ISPIM Innovation ing the actual practice of user experience and Summit. Brisbane, Australien. UEGPCTKQDCUGFOGVJQFU+P/CTLCPQXKæ&jVQTIC ■ Kattner, N., & Wang, Tianyi, Lindemann, Udo /2CXMQXKæ0$QLìGVKæ0jMGE5 'F VJ (2016). Performance Metrics in Engineering Change International Design Conference (Vol. 4, pp. 1783- Management – Key Performance Indicators and 1794). Dubrovnik, Croatia: The Design Society. Engineering Change Performance Levels. In IEEE ■ Michailidou, I., & Lindemann, U. (2016). 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FGXGNQROGPV+P/CTLCPQXKæ&jVQTIC/2CXMQXKæ Stockholm, Schweden: Elsevier. 0$QLìGVKæ0jMGE5 'F VJ+PVGTPCVKQPCN ■ Schmidt, D. M., Hübner, D., & Mörtl, M. (2016). Design Conference (Vol. 1, pp. 453-462). Dubrovnik, Product-Service Systems for Increasing Customer Croatia: The Design Society. Acceptance Concerning Perceived Complexity. In ■ Roth, M., Beetzen, C. v., & Lindemann, U. (2016). 4th International Conference on Serviceology (pp. Matrix-based Multi-hierarchy Fault Tree Generation 1-6). Tokio, Japan: Society for Serviceology. and Evaluation. In IEEE (Ed.), 2016 Annual IEEE ■ Schmied, C., Gebhardt, M., D’Albert, H., Mörtl, M., Systems Conference (pp. 1-7). Orlando, FL: IEEE. & Lindemann, U. (2016). Analyse des Systemver - doi:10.1109/SYSCON.2016.7490535 JCNVGPUWPF$GGKPƅWUUWPIKPFKTGMVGT PFGTWPIUMQU- ■ Roth, M., Mayr, L., Ploetner, M., & Lindemann, U. ten. In S.-O. Schulze, C. Tschirner, R. Kaffenberger, (2016). A continuous toolchain for User-Driven Cus- & S. Ackva (Eds.), Tag des Systems Engineering tomization. In IEEE (Ed.), 2016 IEEE International 2016 (pp. 87-96). Herzogenaurach, Germany: Carl Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineer- Hanser. ing Management (IEEM) (pp. 597-601). Nusa Dua, ■ Schmied, C., Gebhardt, M., D’Albert, H., & Mörtl, M. Indonesia: IEEE. doi:10.1109/IEEM.2016.7797945 (2016). Erweiterung der Design for Cost Methodik ■ Roth, M., Mayr, L., & Lindemann, U. (2016). A HØTKPFKTGMVG PFGTWPIUMQUVGP+P&-TCWUG- Knowledge Framework for Safety Analysis of Paetzold, & S. Wartzack (Eds.), Design for X – User-Induced Changes. In D. Marjanovic, M. Beiträge zum 27. DfX-Symposium Oktober 2016 Storga, N. Pavkovic, N. Bojcetic, & S. Skec (pp. 77-88). Jesteburg, Germany: Tutech Verlag. (Eds.), Proceedings of the DESIGN 2016 14th ■ Schmied, C., Reinbold, G., Amekrane, R., International Design Conference (pp. 1553-1562). Igenbergs, E., Mörtl, M., & Lindemann, U. (2015). Cavtat, Dubrovnik, Croatia: Faculty of Mechanical Extended Cost Analysis with Systems Engineering Engineering and Naval Architecture. Considerations. In S.-O. Schulze & C. Muggeo ■ Roth, M., Münzberg, C., & Lindemann, U. (2016). (Eds.), Tag des Systems Engineering (pp. 227-236). A Method to Explicate Safety Functions. In D. Ulm, Germany: Carl Hanser. Marjanovic, M. Storga, N. Pavkovic, N. Bojcetic, & ■ Schweigert, S., Carro Saavedra, C., Marahrens, S. Skec (Eds.), Proceedings of the DESIGN 2016 N.-J., & Lindemann, U. (2016). A Process Standard- 14th International Design Conference (pp. 463-472). K\CVKQP#RRTQCEJVQ'PJCPEG&GUKIP8GTKƄECVKQP+P Cavtat, Dubrovnik, Croatia: Faculty of Mechanical R&D Management Conference 2016 ‘From Science Engineering and Naval Architecture. to Society: Innovation and Value Creation’ (p. 12). ■ Roth, M., Ulrich, C. M., Holle, M., & Lindemann, U. Cambridge, UK. (2106). The Impact of User-driven Customization ■ 5EJYGKIGTV5£CXWķQþNW/.KPFGOCPP7 QPVJG&GXGNQROGPV2TQEGUU+P&/CTLCPQXKæ/ (2016). Enhancing Collaboration between Design 5VQTIC02CXMQXKæ0$QLEGVKE55MGE 'FU  and Simulation Departments by Methods of Com- Proceedings of the DESIGN 2016 14th International plexity Management. In M. Monteiro de Carvalho, S. Design Conference (pp. 1357-1366). Dubrovnik: Eppinger, M. Maurer, & L. Becerril (Eds.), Proceed- Design Society. ings of the 18th International DSM Conference ■ Rötzer, S., Wilberg, J., & Lindemann, U. (2016). (pp. 33-42). Sao Paulo, Brazil: USP – Sao Paulo. Lean Innovation Methods: Application & Evalu- doi:10.19255/JMPM-DSM2016 ation during a Student Project. In D. Marjanovic, ■ Schweigert, S., D’Albert, H., & Lindemann, U. M. Storga, N. Pavkovic, N. Bojcetic, & S. Skec (2015). An Approach for the Development of (Eds.), Proceedings of the DESIGN 2016 14th Requirements-Oriented Simulation Management. In International Design Conference (pp. 473-482). 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Product Development 289 Internal Combustion Engines

Engine design and simulation, combustion technologies, and experimental evaluation

■ The focus of the Chair of Internal Combustion Engines in 2016 was to GZVGPFGHHQTVUQPVJGTGFWEVKQPQHGPIKPGQWVGOKUUKQPUD[GPJCPEKPI EQODWUVKQPVGEJPQNQI[GPIKPGCHVGTVTGCVOGPVGOKUUKQPOGCUWTGOGPV VGEJPKSWGUCPFVJGMPQYNGFIGQPHWGNRTQRGTVKGUCPFHWGNEQORQUKVKQP (CXQTCDNGGOKUUKQPDGJCXKQTJKIJGHƄEKGPE[CPFNQYEQORNGZKV[QH KPVGTPCNEQODWUVKQPGPIKPGUYKNNDGETWEKCNKPVJGHWVWTGCUCNVGTPCVKXG drive technologies emerge. Especially for long-distance or high-power CRRNKECVKQPUKPVGTPCNEQODWUVKQPGPIKPGUYKNNJCXGVQGPUWTGENGCPCPF sustainable mobility and energy supply today and tomorrow.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Georg Wachtmeister

Contact

www.lvk.mw.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.24101

Test bench with clean OME single cylinder engine

#JKIJNKIJVKPYGTGVJGƄTUVGZRGTK- strict Euro VI limits even without using mental results using oxymethylene ether CRCTVKEWNCVGƄNVGTQT5%4U[UVGO1/' (OME) fuel in a diesel engine. OME burned is a synthetic fuel and can serve as a almost without releasing particles and UVQTCIGOGFKWOHQTƅWEVWCVKPITGPGYCDNG

showed extremely low concentrations of energy in a CO2-neutral future. The costs harmful substances in the raw exhaust of OME production are estimated below gas. Using a simple oxidation catalyst, 20% compared with conventional E-fuels the tailpipe emissions were below the (Fischer-Tropsch).

Combustion Technologies – CFD-Simulation – Emission Reduction

The reduction of engine emissions and phase, in-cylinder swirl, tumble or turbu- fuel consumption are drivers for the lence, and the phases of fuel injection, improvement of combustion technology. mixture formation, and combustion. Simu- Engines for gasoline, diesel, and natural lation results are used to design improved gas are developed and built at the institute geometries of the combustion chamber or and are available for industrial or public injector nozzles and are then validated on funded research projects. A key com- one of our 13 engine test benches. Engine petence for the realization of our engine out emissions are measured by means of concepts is the application of professional up-to-date FTIR technology and a modern CFD simulation software, which is used particle counting system. We use compo- to predict and optimize the gas exchange nent test benches to evaluate hydraulic

290 Internal Combustion Engines 5[UVGOCVKECRRTQCEJVQGZRGTK- mental combustion development behavior and spray parameters of fuel Projects injectors. Simulative and experimental ■ BStmW project ‘sim2gether – Kollabo- tools allow fast and effective optimization rationsplattform zur interdisziplinären QHDQVJGOKUUKQPDGJCXKQTCPFGPIKPGGHƄ- Simulation’ ciency. Test runs on the research engines ■ BMWi project ‘METHODIK’ are planned and evaluated with statistical ■ Several projects funded by industry methods (design of experiments, DOE) partners to reduce time and costs for the testing procedure.

Injection Systems – Spray Measurement – Optical Measurement

In the past decades the injection pressure optimize the design of future injection sys- of modern diesel engines increased from tems. Furthermore an open-loop control is 1000 bar up to 3000 bar. Our research under development in collaboration with activities include all steps of injection the Institute of Applied Mechanics whose system development. Key competences aim is to maintain an optimal injection are various simulations containing 1-D rate throughout the entire lifetime of a J[FTCWNKE&OWNVKRJCUGƅQYCUYGNN common-rail injector subjected to coking, as spray simulation. Furthermore, at wear, etc. For this purpose, different several test benches hydraulic and optical injector signals are evaluated in order to measurements of injectors with various determine the injection rate by available fuels are carried out. A current project signals in engine operation. is focusing on the hydraulic behavior of QTKƄEGUKPKPLGEVKQPU[UVGOUVQXCNKFCVG Projects simulation results. Part of the task is the ■ BFS project ‘Messung und Berechnung development of a hydraulic test bench FGU&ØUGPFWTEJƅWUUGUo Common rail injector with meas- including measurement techniques ■ DFG project ‘Optimierung des Ein- urement instrumentation VQKPXGUVKICVGVJGF[PCOKEƅWKFƅQY spritzverhaltens von Dieselinjektoren properties in combination with cavitation WPVGTFGO'KPƅWUUXQP#NVGTWPIUGT- and thermal effects. The main target is scheinungen des Injektors’ to analyze hydraulic elements by using ■ Several projects funded by industry innovative measurement techniques and partners gain information about physical effects to

Internal Combustion Engines 291 Friction Measurement – Tribology – Engine Mechanics

CEEWTCVGTGUQNWVKQPWRVQ0WPFGTƄTGF conditions. That enables the detection of optimization potential by experimental analysis. A second research engine was built up, containing several sensors to measure crank-angle resolved motions of the piston and the piston rings. Fur- VJGTOQTGVJGQKNƄNOVJKEMPGUUCPFQKN transportation phenomena are measured FWTKPIƄTGFGPIKPGQRGTCVKQP%WTTGPVN[ even optical insight on the cylinder surface is being prepared by means of a glass window inside the liner. The measure- ment results of both engines establish a deeper understanding of the behavior and dependencies in the tribological system. Single cylinder engine equipped YKVJNCUGTKPFWEGFƅWQTGUEGPEG Projects (LIF) for tribology research ■ FVV project ‘Kolbenring-Öltransport II’ Reducing piston assembly friction is a ■ FVV project ‘Kolbenring-Öltransport EGPVTCNKUUWGKPKORTQXKPIVJGGHƄEKGPE[ Glasliner’ of modern internal combustion engines. ■ DFG project ‘Entwicklung eines kosten- Piston, piston rings, liner and lubricating u. verbrauchsgünstigen Split-Verbren- oil form a complex tribological system nungsmotors II’ QRGTCVKPIKPCƄGNFQHEQPUVCPVN[CNVGTPCV- ■ DFG project ‘Entwicklung eines kosten- ing velocities, pressures, and tempera- u. verbrauchsgünstigen Split-Verbren- tures. Therefore a special research engine nungsmotors III’ containing a measurement device using ■ BFS Project ‘Truck 2030 – Bayerische VJGƅQCVKPINKPGTOGVJQFYCUFGXGNQRGF -QQRGTCVKQPHØT6TCPURQTVGHƄ\KGP\o at the institute. It allows measurement of ■ Several projects funded by industry the piston assembly friction with a highly partners

Natural Gas Engines – Combustion – Emissions – Simulation

Utilization of natural gas can be one step to cope with future energy demand. Surplus energy from renewable sources can be stored as hydrogen or methane. Further development is needed to HWNƄNNHWVWTGGOKUUKQPNGIKUNCVKQPYKVJJKIJ GHƄEKGPE[EQODWUVKQP%WTTGPVTGUGCTEJ projects focus on emissions of unburned hydrocarbons like methane or formal- dehyde. The goal is to understand the KPƅWGPEGQHGPIKPGRCTCOGVGTUNKMGXCNXG timing, ignition, equivalence ratio and gas quality. Alternative combustion processes 3D-CFD Simulation of natural gas engine with pre-chamber are another focus to overcome the trade-

292 Internal Combustion Engines QHHDGVYGGPGOKUUKQPUCPFGHƄEKGPE[ ■ FVV project ‘Mitteldruck 30 bar bei 5VTCVKƄGFQTFKGUGNNKMGEQODWUVKQP Gasmotoren’ processes are promising techniques and ■ $(5RTQLGEVn'HƄ\KGP\UVGKIGTWPIXQP could allow highest loads without restric- Dual-Fuel Motoren durch Optimierung tions from knocking while keeping lowest der Zündung bei effektiven Mittel- GOKUUKQPNGXGNUCPFJKIJGUVGHƄEKGPE[ drücken über 24 bar’ with highly volatile gas qualities. The 5 l ■ BMWi project ‘Flex DI: Flexible direkt- single cylinder research engine features an einspritzende Motoren für die Schiff- optically accessible combustion chamber. fahrt’ Combined with CFD simulations a deep ■ BStmW project ‘Optimierter Verbren- insight into the combustion process is nungsmotor für landwirtschaftliche now possible. Biogas Mini-BHKW’ ■ EU project ‘HERCULES 2’ Projects ■ Several projects funded by industry ■ FVV project ‘Formaldehyd’ partners

Alternative Fuels – Emission Measurement – Energy Management

Fossil fuels are becoming more and more scarce and European CO2 saving RQNKEKGUJCXGDGGPKPVTQFWEGFVQƄIJV global warming. Combustion engines can reduce their output of GHG emissions and contribute to the transition towards alternative energy by enhancing the GHƄEKGPE[QHGPGTI[EQPXGTUKQPCPFD[ exploiting CO2 neutral primary energies. Sustainable biofuels and synthetic fuels can replace fossil fuels and offer the CFFKVKQPCNDGPGƄVQHENGCPEQODWUVKQP A detailed screening of various oxygen containing synthetic fuels was carried out at the institute and oxymethylene ether (OME) was found to burn without particle Projects Co-simulation infrastructure for emissions in a diesel engine even under ■ BMWi project ‘XME Diesel – (Bio-) the holistic analysis of waste heat recovery unfavorable operating conditions. Modern Methylether als alternative Kraftstoffe in methods for the measurement of ultra-low bivalenten Dieselmotoren’ particle emissions are needed for this ■ FNR project ‘OME – Umweltfreundliche and other advanced engine concepts. Dieselkraftstoffadditive’ Cooperating closely with industry, we help ■ BMWi project ‘TruckER – Rankine to improve such measurement techniques. Kreislauf für Nutzfahrzeuge mit gan- #PQVJGTƄGNFQHQWTTGUGCTEJKUVJG zheitlichem Energiemanagement’ utilization of thermodynamic losses from ■ Several projects funded by industry coolant or exhaust. The thermodynamic partners Rankine cycle for instance allows to harvest enthalpy from hot exhaust gas and to produce electric power by means of a steam turbine.

Internal Combustion Engines 293 Research Focus Research Scientists ■ Combustion technologies Dipl.-Ing. Fabian Backes ■ Gas engines Tomas Bartkowski, M.Sc. (since 01/16) ■ Friction measurement Dipl.-Ing. Laura Baumgartner ■ Fuel injection technologies Dipl. Phys. Vinicius Berger ■ Alternative fuels and biofuels Jürgen Binder, M.Sc. (since 07/16) ■ Exhaust gas aftertreatment and Dipl.-Ing. Yves Compera measurement Patrick Dworschak, M.Sc. (since 04/16) Stefan Eicheldinger, M.Sc. (since 01/16) Competence Stephanie Frankl, M.Sc. ■ CAD construction Kai Gaukel, M.Sc. ■ CFD calculation Stephan Gleis, M.Sc. ■ Thermodynamic simulations Dipl.-Ing. Stefan Graf (until 11/16) ■ Hydraulic simulations Dipl.-Ing. Johannes Halbhuber ■ Mechanical simulations Stefan Held, M.Sc. ■ Engine measurement techniques Stefan Karmann, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Claus Kirner Infrastructure Dipl.-Ing. Christian Daniel Koch ■ Engine test rigs (13) Christian Mährle, M.Sc. (since 05/16) ■ Gasoline, diesel and gas engines (>15) Dipl.-Phys. Thomas Maier ■ Injection test rigs (2) Markus Mühlthaler, M.Sc. ■ Optical and laser diagnostics Dipl.-Ing. Johann Peer (until 06/16) ■ Mechanical workshop Dominik Pélerin, M.Sc. ■ Electronic workshop Dipl.-Ing. Sebastian Rösler Julian Schäffer, M.Sc. (since 07/16) Courses Carsten Schneider, M.Sc. (until 04/16) ■ Combustion Engines Dipl.-Ing. Alexander Schröder ■ Engine Thermodynamics Dipl.-Ing. Sebastian Schuckert ■ Mechanics of Combustion Engines Dipl.-Ing. Fabian Schweizer ■ Methods of Engine Calibration Andreas Stadler, M.Sc. ■ Injection Technology Dipl.-Ing. Richard Stegmann ■ Measurement Techniques Dipl.-Ing. Benedict Uhlig (until 10/16) ■ Fuels for Combustion Engines Maximilian Weber, M.Sc. (until 01/16) ■ Several Practical Courses Dipl.-Ing. Stefan Weber Sebastian Zirngibl, M.Sc. Management Prof. Dr.-Ing. Georg Wachtmeister Technical Staff Dr.-Ing. Maximillian Prager Dipl.-Ing. Frank Bär Dr.-Ing. Martin Härtl Martin Daniel Siegfried Geiger (since 11/16) Administrative Staff Philipp Hell Marita Weiler Dipl.-Ing. Christian Hödl Sonja Zeilhofer Alex Link, M.Sc. Kai Möbius Patrick Ottiger Ferdinand Springer Werner Strasser (until 07/16) Edgar Thiele Dipl.-Ing. Ulrich Tetzner Markus Weiß

Trainee Fabiano Palfner da Paz (until 04/16)

294 Internal Combustion Engines Publications 2016

■ Compera Y., Penkert B., Wachtmeister G.: A New ■ Peer, J.; Backes, F.; Sauerland, H.; Härtl, M.; Wacht- Phenomenological Approach to Simulate the meister, G.: Development of a High Turbulence, Low Injection Rate of a Diesel Solenoid Valve Injector. Particle Number, High Injection Pressure Gasoline SAE Technical Paper 2016-10-17, 2016 Direct Injection Combustion System. SAE Int. J. ■ Eicheldinger, S.; Wachtmeister, G.; Prager, M.: Engines, 2016 |(88#TDGKVUMTGKUs/KVVGNFTWEMDCTDGK ■ Peer, Johann; Backes, Fabian; Sauerland, Henning; Gasmotoren. FVV-Arbeitskreistreffen, 2016 Härtl, Martin; Wachtmeister, Georg: Development ■ (KUEJGT24ÒUNGT52ƅCWO*5VCJN- of a High Turbulence, Low Particle Number, Wachtmeister, G.: Design, Simulation Study and High Injection Pressure Gasoline Direct Injection Preliminary Experimental Results of the Electrome- Combustion System. SAE International, 2016 chanical Clutch Unit for a Split-Crankshaft Engine. ■ Prager, M.; Dinkelacker, F.; Korb, B.; Wachtmeister, FISITA World Automotive Congress, 2016 G.; Kuppa, K.; Waldenmaier, U.: Causes and ■ Gaukel, Kai; Pélerin, Dominik; Härtl, Martin; Wacht- Reduction of THC Emissions of Gas Engines. 25. meister, Georg; Burger, Jakob; Maus, Wolfgang; Aachner Kolloquium, 2016 Jacob, Eberhard: Der Kraftstoff OME2: Ein Beispiel ■ 4ÒUNGT5(KUEJGT22ƅCWO*9CEJVOGKUVGT für den Weg zu emissionsneutralen Fahrzeugen G.; Stahl, K.: Experimental Implementation of an mit Verbrennungsmotor. 37. Internationales Wiener Internal Combustion Engine with a Disengageable Motorensymposium, 2016 Crankshaft – The Split-Crankshaft Engine. FISITA ■ Graf, S.; Ruch, F.; Mittler, R.; Wachtmeister, G.: World Automotive Congress 2016 Optimization of the piston assembly friction. ATZ ■ Schneider, C.; Halbhuber, J.; Wachtmeister, G.: International Engine Congress 2016 Measuring and simulating friction between piston ■ Halbhuber, J.; Kirner, C.; Oliva, A.; Graf, S.; Uhlig, pin and connecting rod on a tribometer test bench B.; Wachtmeister, G.: Experimental and Simulative VQFGƄPGNQECNN[TGUQNXGFHTKEVKQPEQGHƄEKGPVU5#' Research Advances in the Piston Assembly of an 2016 World Congress and Exhibition, SAE Technical Internal Combustion Engine. Tribology – Industrial Paper # 2016-01-0490 and Automotive Lubrication, 2016 ■ Schäffer, J.; Kirner, C.; Wachtmeister, G.; Härtl, M.: ■ Hofmann, O., Strauß, P., Schuckert, S., Huber, B., 2. project related committee – Oil transportation 4KZGP&CPF9CEJVOGKUVGT)+FGPVKƄECVKQPQH through piston rings – glass liner. FVV – working Aging Effects in Common Rail Diesel Injectors Using committee, 2016 )GQOGVTKE%NCUUKƄGTUCPF0GWTCN0GVYQTMU5#' ■ Stegmann, R., Wachtmeister, G.: Messung 2016 World Congress and Exhibition und Berechnung des realistischen Düsen- und ■ Härtl, M.; Pélerin, D.; Gaukel, K.; Wachtmeister, G.; &TQUUGNFWTEJƅWUUGUWPFFGT6GORGTCVWTGPKPGPIGP Sauer, J.; Arnold, U.; Lautenschütz, L.; Oestreich, Spalten – 2. Jahreszwischenbericht. Bayerische D.; Haltenort, Ph.; Burger, J.; Schmitz, N.; Hasse, Forschungsstiftung, 2016 H.: Oxymethylene Dimethyl Ethers (OMEs): alter- ■ Uhlig, B.; Kirner, C.; Wachtmeister, G.; Preuß, native diesel fuels for low-emission combustion. A.C.; Matz, G.; Graf, J.; Rienäcker, A.; Neben, ProcessNet-Jahrestagung, 2016 M.; Zaussinger, F.; Egbers, C.: Abschlussbericht ■ Härtl, Martin: Zero-Emission mit dem Verbren- Kolbenring-Öltransport 2. FVV Herbsttagung, 2016 nungsmotor? Potentiale synthetischer Kraftstoffe. ■ Uhlig, Benedict; Kirner, Claus; Behn, Andreas; Technologietag IGEL AG, 2016 Feindt, Matthias: Investigation of the Lubricating ■ Karmann, S.; Mühlthaler, M.; Prager, M.; Wacht- Oil Management on the Piston Assembly. MTZ meister, G.; Unfug, F.: A method for measuring worldwide 77, 2016, 62-69 in-cylinder ʄ-distribution in medium-speed DF ■ Uhlig, B.; Kirner, C.; Wachtmeister, G.: Tribologische engines. HORIZON 2020, 2016 Untersuchungen an der Kolbengruppe. 4. Györer ■ Kawauchi, S., Korb, B.; Wachtmeister, G.; Tsuru, D.; Tribologie Tagung, 2016 Takasaki, T.; Hirata, J.: Understanding of combus- ■ Uhlig, Benedict; Kirner, Claus; Behn, Andreas; tion process in a premixed lean burn gas engine Feindt, Matthias: Untersuchung des Ölhaushalts fueled with hydrogen enriched natural gas. 28th an der Kolbengruppe. MTZ – Motortechnische CIMAC World Congress 2016 Zeitschrift 77, 2016, 66-73 ■ Kirner, C.; Halbhuber, J.; Uhlig, B.; Oliva, A.; Graf, ■ Wachtmeister, G.; Kirner, C.; Uhlig, B.; Behn, A.; S.; Wachtmeister, G.: Experimental and simulative Feindt, M.: FVV – project oil transport through research advances in the piston assembly of an piston rings. 2016 JSAE Annual Congress (Spring) internal combustion engine. Tribology International, Proceedings, 2016 2016 ■ Zirngibl, S.; Wachtmeister, G.; Prager, M.: 5. ■ Koch, D., Wachtmeister, G., Wentsch, M., Chiodi, Arbeitskreis – Optimierter Verbrennungsmotor für M., Bargende, M., Pötsch, C., Wichelhaus, D.: landwirtschaftliche Biogas Mini-BHKW. Bay.-StM- Investigation of the Mixture Formation Process WI-Arbeitskreistreffen, 2016 with Combined Injection Strategies in High-Perfor- ■ Zirngibl, S.; Wachtmeister, G.: Extensive Investiga- mance SI-Engines. 16. Internationales Stuttgarter tion of a Common Rail Diesel Injector Regarding Symposium, 2016 +PLGEVKQP%JCTCEVGTKUVKEUCPFVJG4GUWNVKPI+PƅW- ■ Korb, B.; Wachtmeister, G.; Prager, M.; Kuppa, ences on the Dual Fuel Combustion Process. SAE K.; Dinkelacker, F.; Waldenmaier, U.: Causes and 2016 World Congress and Exhibition, SAE Technical Reduction of THC Emissions of Gas Engines. 25. Paper 2016-01-0780 Aachner Kolloquium, 2016, 543-571 ■ Zirngibl, S.; Wachtmeister, G.; Prager, M.: Entwick- ■ Münz, Markus; Feiling, Alexander; Beidl, Christian; lung eines Brennverfahrens für den Einsatz in einem Härtl, Martin; Pélerin, Dominik; Wachtmeister, Biogas Mini-BHKW – Anforderungen, Ziele und Georg: Oxymethylene ether (OME1) as a synthetic Herausforderungen, 10. Bioenergieforum Rostock, low-emission fuel for DI diesel engines. 3. Interna- 2016 tionaler Motorenkongress, 2016, 537-553 ■ Zirngibl, S.; Wachtmeister, G.; Prager, M.: 4. ■ Oliva, A.; Held, S.: Numerical multiphase simulation Arbeitskreis – Optimierter Verbrennungsmotor für CPFXCNKFCVKQPQHVJGƅQYKPVJGRKUVQPTKPIRCEMQH landwirtschaftliche Biogas Mini-BHKW. Bay.-StM- an internal combustion engine. Tribology Interna- WI-Arbeitskreistreffen, 2016 tional, 2016

Internal Combustion Engines 295 Computational Mechanics

Application-motivated fundamental research in computational mechanics

■ The Institute for Computational Mechanics (LNM) is committed to what can best be described as cutting-edge ‘application-motivated fundamen- tal research’ in a broad range of research areas in computational mecha- PKEU#RRNKECVKQPUURCPCNNƄGNFUQHGPIKPGGTKPI OGEJCPKECNCGTQURCEG EKXKNEJGOKECN CPFVJGCRRNKGFUEKGPEGU

With a strong basis in both computational activities at LNM also include optimization, UQNKFCPFƅWKFF[PCOKEUVJGEWTTGPVHQEWU KPXGTUGCPCN[UKUWPEGTVCKPV[SWCPVKƄECVKQP NKGUQPOWNVKƄGNFCPFOWNVKUECNGRTQDNGOU as well as experimental work. In collabora- as well as on computational bioengineer- tion with leading researchers worldwide as ing. In all these areas, LNM covers the well as national and international industrial Prof. Dr.-Ing. full spectrum from advanced modeling partners, LNM expedites projects at the Wolfgang A. Wall and the development of novel computa- front line of research. For more details and tional methods to sophisticated software updated information please do visit our Contact development and application-oriented webpage (QR code on page 297). simulations on high performance com- www.lnm.mw.tum.de [email protected] puting systems. Meanwhile, the research Phone +49.89.289.15300

Lithium concentration inside the electrodes and electrolyte of a lithium-ion battery

Computational Multiphysics – Coupled and Multiscale Problems

The interaction of different physical approaches and computational methods phenomena plays an essential role in most for various coupled problems. Those engineering applications. The modeling RTQDNGOENCUUGUEQORTKUGCQƅWKF of such multiphysics problems is one structure interaction, electro-chemical, of our main areas of research. We have thermo mechanical, opto-acoustic, FGXGNQRGFTQDWUVCPFGHƄEKGPVOQFGNKPI EQWRNGFTGCEVKXGVTCPURQTVRQTQƅWKF VTCPURQTVCPFVJGTOQƅWKFUVTWEVWTG contact interaction problems. Also the interplay of effects on different scales plays an important role in many UEKGPVKƄECPFGPIKPGGTKPICRRNKECVKQPU Therefore, there has been increasing interest in modeling so-called multiscale phenomena both mathematically and computationally. We tackle multiscale pro- blems both in CSD and CFD. While in the ƄTUVITQWRQPGHQEWUKUQPVJGOQFGNKPI of heterogeneous materials, in the second ITQWRVJGHQEWUKUQPVWTDWNGPVƅQYUCPF Photoacoustic image reconstruction EQORNGZƅWKFU

296 Computational Mechanics Computational Solid, Structural and Fluid Dynamics

Computational structural and solid dynamics (CSD) is one of the classical core disciplines within the fast-growing ƄGNFQHEQORWVCVKQPCNOGEJCPKEU1WT research activities in computational structural and solid dynamics cover a wide range of methods, from nonlinear solid (hybrid FE meshes, isogeometric analysis) and structural models (beams, UJGNNU CPFEQTTGURQPFKPIƄPKVGGNGOGPV technology (EAS, ANS, F-Bar) to material modeling (hyperelasticity, viscoelasticity, extended towards contact with wear, 0QPDQWPFCT[ƄVVGFCRRTQZKOC- GNCUVQRNCUVKEKV[ CVƄPKVGUVTCKPU#PQVJGT coupled thermo-mechanical contact and VKQPQHCƅQYVJTQWIJCEQORNGZ shaped domain focus are complex material phenomena beam-to-beam contact. Furthermore, UWEJCUCPKUQVTQR[ƄDGTEQORQPGPVU UVTQPIN[EQWRNGFƅWKFUVTWEVWTGKPVGTCE- damage, fracture and multiscale modeling tion (FSI) with contact is another current of heterogeneous materials. TGUGCTEJƄGNF Computational contact dynamics repre- %QORWVCVKQPCNƅWKFF[PCOKEU %(& KU sent a particularly challenging class of the other core discipline in computational structural mechanics problems due to the mechanics. We are one of the very few non-smooth character of the underlying groups worldwide that do original research laws of physics (e.g. non-penetration) in both CSD and CFD. Our focus in CFD is and the strong nonlinearities introduced on incompressible and weakly compres- by the corresponding geometrical con- UKDNGƅQYU9GFGXGNQRPQXGNFKUETGVK straints. In addition, complex interface \CVKQPOGVJQFUHQTƅQYRTQDNGOUCUYGNN phenomena (friction, adhesion, etc.) need CUPQXGNCRRTQCEJGUHQTVWTDWNGPVƅQYU to be taken into account with sophisti- based on large eddy simulation (LES) and cated computational models. Here, our detached eddy simulation (DES). Our CFD research emphasizes the development of application codes have been run on large TQDWUVCPFGHƄEKGPVEQPVCEVHQTOWNCVKQPU supercomputers with more than 100,000 and discretization methods in the context cores. Another focus is on multiphase QHƄPKVGFGHQTOCVKQPUCPFPQPOCVEJKPI ƅQYUCPFƅQYUEQWRNGFVQQVJGTƄGNFUCU meshes/non-conforming interfaces. Lately, KPƅWKFUVTWEVWTGKPVGTCEVKQPGNGEVTQ this main focus has been successfully chemistry or reactive transport problems.

#DTCUKXGEQPVCEVQHVYQE[NKPFGTUYKVJYGCTRTQƄNG

Computational Mechanics 297 Computational Bioengineering and Biophysics

modeling. In recent years we have also successfully entered the area of biophy- sics, where we have developed a novel, VJGQTGVKECNN[UQWPFCPFJKIJN[GHƄEKGPV approach for the Brownian dynamics of polymers. Based on this unique appro- ach we meanwhile are able to study and answer a number of open questions in the biophysics community.

7VGTQRNCEGPVCNDNQQFƅQY Our research in the biomedical engineer- modeling ing area includes a variety of different ƄGNFU+PCNNQHVJGOYGEQNNCDQTCVG with experts from medicine, biology or biophysics. Some activities are the development of a comprehensive cou- pled multiscale model of the respiratory system, of a model for rupture risk pre- diction of abdominal aortic aneurysms, comprehensive cardiac modeling, simu- Self-assembly of a biopolymer bundle network driven lation of surgical procedures or cellular by Brownian dynamics

Vascular Growth and Remodeling in Aneurysms (Emmy-Noether Group headed by Dr. C. Cyron)

Aneurysms are focal dilatations of blood biomechanical and biochemical mecha- vessels that often grow over years and nisms governing the growth of aneurysms, ƄPCNN[TWRVWTG4WRVWTKPICPGWT[UOUCTG with the perspective of exploiting these for among the leading causes of mortality the development of future therapies and and morbidity in industrialized countries. computer-aided diagnosis. To this end, While over the last decades our general the Emmy-Noether group will combine understanding of the biomechanics of advanced methods from computational aneurysms has advanced substantially, mechanics with state-of-the-art medical the factors governing their growth – imaging technology and machine lear- although the key to develop future ning. The Emmy-Noether program of the Computer simulation of growth of therapies – remain poorly understood. German Research Foundation (DFG) was a fusiform aneurysm in the aorta In February 2015, Dr. Christian Cyron established in 1999 to support groundbre- over 15 years (colors illustrate von-Mises stress in the aortic wall) established the Emmy-Noether group aking projects of young researchers. Since for vascular growth and remodeling in then the DFG has been supporting only aneurysms at the Institute for Computa- eight Emmy-Noether groups in the area of tional Mechanics. It aims at exploring the mechanics and mechanical design.

298 Computational Mechanics Research Code BACI

6JGEQORNGZKV[CPFUEKGPVKƄEDTQCFPGUU unique even from a global perspective. of the majority of our research projects $#%+KUOCKPN[DCUGFQPƄPKVGGNGOGPV make highest demands on both the methods (FEM), but also features other ‘modus operandi’ and on the research discretization techniques such as HDG, environment itself. This is why LNM particle and meshfree methods. All past YKVJKVUGPVKTGUEKGPVKƄEUVCHHFGXGNQRU and present activities at LNM have been and maintains the parallel multiphysics – and all future projects will be – realized research code BACI (Bavarian Advanced within this HPC platform. Computational Initiative) which is probably

Research Focus Courses Further up-to-date information ■ %QORWVCVKQPCNƅWKFF[PCOKEU ■ Engineering Mechanics I, II and III and a list of publications can be found on our webpage at: ■ Computational solid and structural ■ Numerical Methods for Engineers dynamics ■ Nonlinear Continuum Mechanics ■ Computational contact mechanics ■ Finite Elements ■ Multiphysics/coupled problems ■ Finite Elements in Fluid Mechanics ■ Multiscale problems ■ Nonlinear Finite Element Methods ■ Reduced-dimensional modeling ■ Biomechanics – Fundamentals and ■ 7PEGTVCKPV[SWCPVKƄECVKQP Modeling ■ Inverse problems ■ Discontinuous Galerkin Methods ■ Optimization ■ Growth and Remodeling in Biological ■ High performance computing Tissue ■ Computational Contact and Interface Competence Mechanics ■ Contact dynamics ■ Finite Element Lab ■ Discretization methods ■ Computational Biomechanics Lab ■ Experimental (bio-)mechanics ■ Engineering Solutions for Biomedical ■ Fluid dynamics Problems ■ Fluid-structure interaction ■ Numerical Methods for Engineers Lab ■ Inverse methods ■ TM Applets ■ Material modeling ■ Computational Solid and Fluid ■ Optimization Dynamics (MSE) ■ Solid dynamics ■ Solvers/AMG ■ 6JGTOQƅWKFUVTWEVWTGKPVGTCEVKQP ■ Transport phenomena ■ 7PEGTVCKPV[SWCPVKƄECVKQP

Infrastructure ■ Three HPC clusters ■ Biomechanics lab (including uniaxial and biaxial testing machines)

Computational Mechanics 299 Management Dipl.-Ing. Michael Hiermeier Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfgang A. Wall, Director Julia Hörmann, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Benjamin Krank Administrative Staff Andra La Spina, M.Sc. Renata Nagl Christoph Meier (until July 16) Dhrubajyoti Mukherjee, M.Sc. (until Aug. 16) Research Scientists Martin Pfaller, M.Sc. Dr. Christian Cyron Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Rauch Dr. Volker Gravemeier (part-time) Dipl.-Ing. Christian Roth Dr. Martin Kronbichler Svenja Schoeder, M.Sc. Dr. Alexander Popp Dipl.-Math. Benedikt Schott Dr. Lena Yoshihara (part time) Alexander Seitz, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Christoph Ager Dipl.-Ing. Anh-Tu Vuong Roland Aydin, Medical Doctor Dipl.-Ing. Karl-Robert Wichmann Dipl.-Ing. Jonas Biehler (part-time) Magnus Winter, M.Sc. Anna Birzle, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Andy Wirtz Sebastian Brandstäter, M.Sc. (from Aug. 16) Fabian Bräu, M.Sc. Guest Scientists Jonas Eichinger, M.Sc. Jorge de Anda, Salazar, M.Sc. Rui Fang, M.Sc. Roman Poya, M.Sc. (until Nov. 16) Philipp Farah, M.Sc. Alessandro Cattabiani, Ph.D. Niklas Fehn, M.Sc. Prof. Ph.D. D.Sc. Dr.-Ing. Eh. Dr. hc. mult. Julien Gillard, M.Sc. $GTPJCTF#5EJTGƅGT 67/+#5*CPU Maximilian Grill, M.Sc. Fischer Senior Fellow) Dipl.-Ing. Georg Hammerl (until Oct. 2016)

Publications 2016 List only contains peer-reviewed publications in international indexed journals.

■ Roth C.J., Haeussner E., Rueblemann T., v. Koch F., ■ Biehler J., Kehl S., Gee M.W., Tanios F., Pelisek Schmitz C., Frank H.-G., Wall W.A.: The geometry J., Maier A., Reeps C., Eckstein H.-H., Wall W.A.: QHURKTCNCTVGTKGUKPƅWGPEGUDNQQFEKTEWNCVKQPKPVJG Non-Invasive Prediction of Wall Properties of Abdo- intervillous space and reveals damage at the villous minal Aortic Aneurysms Using Bayesian Regression. surface of human placentas from pathological Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology, RTGIPCPEKGUsCRKNQVUVWF[5EKGPVKƄE4GRQTVU accepted 2016 accepted 2016 ■ Meier C., Popp A., Wall W.A.: A Finite Element ■ Roth C.J., Becher T., Frerichs I., Weiler N., Wall Approach for the Line-to-Line Contact Interaction W.A.: Coupling of EIT with computational lung of Thin Beams with Arbitrary Orientation. Computer OQFGNNKPIHQTRTGFKEVKPIRCVKGPVURGEKƄEXGPVKNCVQT[ Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, responses, Journal of Applied Physiology, accepted 308 (2016), 377-413 2016 ■ Landesfeind J., Hattendorff J., Ehrl A., Wall W.A., ■ /GKGT%9CNN9#2QRR##7PKƄGF#RRTQCEJ Gasteiger H.A.: Tortuosity Determination of Battery for Beam-to-Beam Contact. Computer Methods in Electrodes and Separators by Impedance Spectros- Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 315 (2017), copy, Journal of The Electrochemistry Society, 163 972-1010 (2016), A1373-A1387 ■ Kachan D., Müller K.W., Wall W.A., Levine A.: ■ Ehrl A., Landesfeind J., Graf, M., Wall W.A., &KUEQPVKPWQWUDWPFNKPIVTCPUKVKQPKPUGOKƅGZKDNG Gasteiger H.A.: Direct Electrochemical Determina- polymer networks induced by Casimir interactions. tion of Thermodynamic Factors in Aprotic Binary Physical Review E, 94, 032505, 2016 Electrolytes, Journal of The Electrochemistry ■ 8GTFWIQ(9CNN9#7PKƄGFEQORWVCVKQPCNHTCOG Society, 163 (2016), A1254-A1264 YQTMHQTVJGGHƄEKGPVUQNWVKQPQHPƄGNFEQWRNGF ■ Farah P., Vuong A.-T., Wall W.A., Popp A.: problems with monolithic schemes. Computer Volumetric coupling approaches for multiphysics Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, simulations on non-matching meshes, International 310 (2016), 335-366 Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 108 ■ Yoshihara L., Roth C.J., Wall W.A.: Fluid-structure (2016), 1550-1576 interaction including volume coupling of homo- ■ Krank B., Wall W.A.: A new approach to wall genized subdomains for modeling respiratory OQFGNKPIKP.'5QHKPEQORTGUUKDNGƅQYXKCHWPEVKQP mechanics, International Journal for Numerical enrichment. Journal of Computational Physics, 316 Methods in Biomedical Engineering, accepted 2016 (2016), 94-116

300 Computational Mechanics ■ Verdugo F., Roth C.J., Yoshihara L., Wall W.A.: ■ /ØNNGT-9$KT\NG#9CNN9#$GCOƄPKVGGNG- 'HƄEKGPVUQNXGTUHQTEQWRNGFOQFGNUKPTGURKTCVQT[ ment model of a molecular motor for the simulation mechanics, International Journal for Numerical QHCEVKXGƄDTGPGVYQTMU2TQE4Q[CN5QEKGV[# Methods in Biomedical Engineering, accepted 2016 20150555 (2016) ■ Roth C.J., Ismail M., Yoshihara L., Wall W.A.: A ■ Nissen K., Wall W.A.: Pressure-stabilized maxi- comprehensive computational lung model incor- mum-entropy methods for incompressible Stokes. porating inter-acinar dependencies: Application to International Journal for Numerical Methods in spontaneous breathing and mechanical ventilation, Fluids, 82 (2016), 35-56 International Journal for Numerical Methods in ■ Heyden S., Nagler A., Bertoglio C., Biehler J., Biomedical Engineering, accepted 2016 Gee M.W., Wall W.A., Ortiz M.: Material modeling ■ 8WQPI#6#IGT%9CNN9#6YQƄPKVGGNGOGPV of cardiac valve tissue: Experiments, constitutive CRRTQCEJGUHQT&CTE[CPF&CTE[$TKPMOCPƅQY analysis and numerical investigation. Journal of through deformable porous media – mixed method Biomechanics, 48 (2015), 4287-4296 vs. NURBS based (isogeometric) continuity. ■ Kronbichler M., Schoeder S., Müller C., Wall W.A.: Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Comparison of implicit and explicit hybridizable Engineering, 305 (2016), 634-657 discontinuous Galerkin methods for the acoustic ■ de Vaal M., Gee M.W., Stock U., Wall W.A.: wave equation. International Journal for Numerical Computational evaluation of aortic occlusion Methods in Engineering, 106 (2016), 712-739 and the proposal of a novel, improved occluder: ■ Marcus R.P., Koerner E., Aydin R.C., Zinsser D., Constrained endoaortic balloon occlusion (CEABO). Finke T., Cyron C.J., Bamberg F., Nikolaou K., Noto- International Journal for Numerical Methods in hamiprodjo M. (2017) The Evolution of Radiation Biomedical Engineering, accepted 2016 (DOI: Dose over Time: Measurement of a Patient Cohort 10.1002/cnm.2773) undergoing Whole-Body Examinations on three ■ Schott, B., Shahmiri S., Kruse R., Wall W.A.: A Computer Tomography Generations. European stabilized Nitsche-type extended embedding mesh Journal of Radiology 86: 63-69 approach for 3D low- and high-Reynolds-number ■ Cyron C.J., Aydin R.C. (2016) Mechanobiological ƅQYU+PVGTPCVKQPCN,QWTPCNHQT0WOGTKECN/GVJQFU free energy: a variational approach to tensional in Fluids, 82 (2016), 289-315 homeostasis in tissue equivalents. ZAMM (Journal ■ Seitz A., Farah P., Kremheller J., Wohlmuth B., Wall of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics), accepted W.A., Popp A.: Isogeometric dual mortar methods 2016 for computational contact mechanics. Computer ■ Braeu F.A., Seitz A., Aydin R.C., Cyron C.J. (2016) Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, Homogenized constrained mixture models for 301 (2016), 259-280 anisotropic volumetric growth and remodeling (doi: ■ Farah P., Gitterle M., Wall W.A., Popp A.: Com- 10.1007/s10237-016-0859-1) putational wear and contact modeling for fretting ■ Cyron C.J., Humphrey J.D. (2016) Growth and analysis with isogeometric dual mortar methods. remodeling of load-bearing biological soft tissues. Journal of Key Engineering Materials – Spec. Issue Meccanica (doi: 10.1007/s11012-016-0472-5) on Wear and Contact Mechanics II, 681 (2016), 1-18 ■ Cyron C.J., Aydin R.C., Humphrey J.D. (2016) ■ Pasquariello V., Hammerl G., Örley F., Hickel S., A homogenized constrained mixture (and mechani- Danowski C., Popp A., Wall W.A., Adams N.A.: A cal analog) model for growth and remodeling of soft cut-cell Finite Volume – Finite Element coupling tissue. Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobio- CRRTQCEJHQTƅWKFUVTWEVWTGKPVGTCEVKQPKPEQORTGU- logy 15(6): 1389-1403 UKDNGƅQY,QWTPCNQH%QORWVCVKQPCN2J[UKEU (2016), 670-695

Computational Mechanics 301 Astronautics

4GCNVKOGVGNGTQDQVKEUKPURCEGsURCEGVGEJPQNQIKGUsGZRNQTCVKQPCPFJWOCPURCEGƅKIJVs PCPQUCVGNNKVGUsURCEGƅKIJVU[UVGOUGPIKPGGTKPIsJ[RGTXGNQEKV[NCD

■+PVJG+PUVKVWVGQH#UVTQPCWVKEUEQPVKPWGFKVUOWNVKHCEGVGF TGUGCTEJHQTVJGFGXGNQROGPVQHPQXGNUCVGNNKVGCPFURCEGGZRNQTCVKQP technologies including:

■ Spacecraft/CubeSat nano-satellite and operations of two satellites, while the sub-system development. operator is located in the institute’s ■ Real-time teleoperation technologies mission control center or anywhere on for On-Orbit Servicing including novel Earth. Realistic delayed teleoperation is satellite communication systems, characterized through actual near real- applications and architectures. time satellite links via a ground station on ■ Exploration technologies, incl. lunar top of the institute’s building and a relay Prof. Prof. h.c. Dr. regolith processing and resource satellite in geostationary orbit. Dr. h.c. Ulrich Walter extraction, and analysis of life support High-performance communication systems of habitats and space suits. Sub-system technologies, essential for ■ Contact Space environment testing including telerobotics missions, novel commu- high velocity impact physics, lunar nication architectures and innovative www.lrt.mw.tum.de/ QHƄEG"NTVOYVWOFG dust abrasion/damage mitigations, and Earth applications such as the use of Phone +49.89.289.16003 micrometeoroid/space debris simula- Ka-band communications for emergency tion and assessment. services and appropriate virtual reality operator environments are developed TU Munich’s planned second pico- in DLR-funded research projects. User satellite MOVE-II took shape in 2016 and studies develop and evaluate novel successfully completed its Critical Design human machine interfaces including Review in November 2016, paving the audio feedback and virtual reality displays way for manufacturing in 2017 and launch for increased situation awareness. The in 2018. More than 110 students of the third Ph.D. thesis associated with the student group WARR and LRT staff are RACOON-Lab and supported by a Munich involved in the MOVE-II satellite project, Aerospace scholarship was completed using LRT and TUM facilities such as the in 2016 on real-time optimized approach machine shop, satellite clean room, as trajectories using relative motion sensors. well as in-house design, integration Our robotic exploration activities, and environmental test facilities. initiated originally as LUISE (Lunar In-Situ On-Orbit Servicing is an Resource Experiment) and focusing on CPVKEKRCVGFHWVWTGƄGNFQHrobotic solar-wind implanted particles), have space activities, where satellites now evolved in 2016 into several funded or other spacecraft in space research projects (PROSPECT, LUVMI, are serviced (such as refueling, MARVIN) on lunar regolith processing, maintenance/upgrade or including thermal and chemical extraction deorbiting if defunct) by a methods of volatiles, including both robotic servicing satellite. stationary gas extraction and analysis LRT research focuses on experiments as well as mobile prospector teleoperating the servic- instruments and mechanisms. Addition- ing satellite in near real ally, our research in robotic exploration in time using appropri- extreme environments (Helmholtz project ate delay-tolerant ROBEX) develops thermal simulation tools human machine for the Moon and Mars, and experimen- control interfaces. tally investigates the extreme, abrasive RACOON, our large effects of the lunar dust environment and relative motion dust impingement on technical surfaces simulation environment and mechanisms. MOVE-I with deployed solar OZ|OZO ECP For the renewed interest of NASA and ESA arrays (launched Nov. 2013) simulate the proximity in human space exploration, the Institute

302 Astronautics of Astronautics has continued to improve only includes the life support components, and validate the dynamic modeling tool DWVKPRCTVKEWNCTCJKIJƄFGNKV[F[PCOKE V-HAB for an arbitrary, mission-optimized human model for astronauts living and and highly reliable life support system working in this life support system, and a (LSS), and deployed the tool in NASA, realistic model of the thermal environment ESA and MIT projects. The modeling not on the Moon and Mars.

Satellite Technologies – MOVE-II CubeSat Educational Program

The CubeSat program MOVE (Munich platform with novel 1TDKVCN8GTKƄECVKQP'ZRGTKOGPV KPKVKCVGF tech nologies, but in 2006, focusses on the hands-on also supports future education of students, as is done in many high-performance university-led CubeSat programs world- missions. A resettable YKFG(KTUV/18'VJGƄTUV%WDG5CVQHVJG advanced solar panel deploy- program, was launched on November 21, ment mechanism is currently 2013. The program’s second CubeSat, under development based on MOVE-II, is currently under development, shape memory alloy technology, which 6JGPGY/18'++ %&4/QFGN with a planned launch date in 2017/2018. YCUCNTGCF[UWEEGUUHWNN[XGTKƄGFQPC Nov. 2016) Hands-on project experience on such sat- sounding rocket launch campaign REXUS. ellites complements theoretical classwork The MOVE-II team also develops and knowledge in state-of-the-art aerospace integrates state of the art novel communi- engineering. MOVE-II is an educational cations, on-board data handling, attitude cooperation between the LRT and the control, electric power supply, structure student group Wissenschaftliche Arbeits- and thermal control systems. The research gemeinschaft für Raketentechnik und payload of the MOVE-II satellite will char- Raumfahrt (WARR), but MOVE-II is also acterize novel multi-junction solar cells in intended as a platform for validating new the actual space environment. technologies in space. Today’s advances The MOVE-II project is funded by DLR in electronics and materials science, as (German Aerospace Center – Space YGNNCUKPETGCUKPIUQNCTEGNNGHƄEKGPEKGU Administration) research grant no. FKZ made highly miniaturized satellites 50RM1509, managed by Dipl.-Phys. possible. The MOVE-II CubeSat therefore Christian Nitzschke at the DLR Space not only serves as an educational bus Administration in Bonn.

Exploration Projects

LUISE-2 lunar regolith simulant were determined LUISE-2, a DLR-funded project, inves- experimentally. New concepts for heaters tigates alternative methods to extract and instruments, usable on a mobile lunar volatiles from lunar regolith for future surface craft, have been developed and In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) tested. Test beds and a demonstrator applications under lunar environmental design for the Lunar Volatiles Scouting conditions. The project investigated lunar Instrument (LVS) concept were established regolith handling and analysis processes, to evaluate the heat transfer into lunar sampling, preparation (transport, measur- regolith simulant with a single electrically KPIƄNNKPI VJGTOCNICUGXQNWVKQPCPFICU powered heating rod. This concept was analysis. For the relevant gas extraction HWTVJGTTGƄPGFCPFUWRRQTVKPIUVWFKGU processes, the thermal properties of for the design of a demonstrator were

Astronautics 303 PROSPECT The instrument package PROSPECT, developed under contract to the European Space Agency (ESA) for the upcoming Luna-27 mission to the lunar South Pole, makes use of the ProsPA (Lunar Polar Prospecting – Processing and Analysis) gas analysis instrument. LRT was involved in the Phase A study of this instrument and responsible for the development of sample ovens that contain the lunar rego- lith samples for thermal gas extraction and subsequent gas analysis. Trade studies Prototype of the LVS instrument supported by computer simulations and concept developed through thermal-vacuum testing of oven specimen .7+5'=1*$67/? were performed to evaluate the challenge conducted. Combined with experimental of heat transfer into the samples, accept- studies on the gas permeability of lunar able temperature distribution within the regolith and volatile transport through a sample, and to assess the feasibility of the sample, LUISE-2 contributed to a better required heating modes. Currently, LRT is understanding of sampling and thermal involved in the Phase B+ study to further extraction processes on the Moon and support the development of sample ovens provided useful data for the conception of and perform theoretical and experimental CUEKGPVKƄEKPUKVWUCORNKPICPFCPCN[UKU evaluations of the volatiles extraction and instrument. LUISE-2 was completed in ISRU demonstration process. A bread- May 2016 after a total duration of four board for the experimental evaluation years. Project partners (subcontractors is being developed that allows thermal to TUM) include OHB System AG, DLR extraction of volatile content from lunar Institute of Planetary Research, and Reetz regolith simulants in a low temperature Consulting. and high vacuum environment, as well as hydrogen reduction of these simulants VQRTQFWEGYCVGTCUCƄTUV+547FGOQP- stration process. ProsPA is led by the The Open University (UK) under the Italian prime contractor Leonardo Finmeccanica S.p.A.

LUVMI The international Lunar Volatiles Mobile Instrumentation (LUVMI) consortium of ƄXGRCTVPGTUHTQO'WTQRGCPUEKGPEGCPF space industry cooperatively design a mobile instrument to access and analyze lunar regolith in permanently shadowed regions (PSR) on the Moon. LUVMI is funded by the European Commission as part of the program Horizon 2020 ‘Leadership in Enabling and Industrial Technologies – Space’ and coordinated by the Belgian company Space Applications 6JG4WUUKCP.WPCNCPFGTRNCPPGFHQTOKUUKQPVQVJGNWPCT5QWVJ2QNCT4GIKQPKPENWF- Services. The system consists of a mobile ing the PROSPECT drill (ProSEED) and laboratory (ProSPA) along with Russian-led sample payload support platform which can CPCN[UKUKPUVTWOGPVU='5#4QUEQUOQU? support a number of instruments for the

304 Astronautics analysis of the lunar pole environment. The main features of the instrument will be the Volatiles Sampler (VS), which is devel- oped by LRT, and the Volatiles Analyzer (VA), developed by The Open University. The VS is a miniature soil sampling instrument, that can be inserted into the lunar regolith, where a heating element will thermally extract volatile compounds, that will be captured and guided to the VA, a miniature mass spectrometer.

MARVIN The mission MARVIN (Moon Advanced space exploration. LRT participates with Early concept model of the Resource Utilization Viability Investiga- experimental work on abrasive effects of LUVMI rover [Space Applications 5[UVGOU? tion) is a feasibility study funded by DLR accelerated lunar dust particles on typical and shall, as a national mission or as a spacecraft materials, and thermal aspects UKIPKƄECPVEQPVTKDWVKQPVQCPKPVGTPCVKQPCN on robotic planetary operation, such as EQQRGTCVKQPNCPFCRC[NQCFCVCURGEKƄE traverse planning of rovers on the lunar site on the Moon. Robotic elements on surface, temperature stability of samples a mobile or stationary platform select and possibilities for energy savings. LRT promising materials to be extracted and also provides additional thermal design analyzed by the primary payload. Empha- support for the instruments to be used on sis is on extraction and utilization in an the Moon. exemplary process under mission-relevant The experimental work regarding lunar environmental conditions, and scalable dust particle impacts focuses on the iden- for application on future exploration VKƄECVKQPCPFSWCPVKVCVKXGEJCTCEVGTK\CVKQP missions. LRT is involved in the ISRU of wear and damage patterns on technical part of the mission as a consultant for surfaces caused by lunar dust impacts ISRU processes and for contributions to for different impact angles, velocities, and the conceptual design of the payloads grain sizes. Macroscopic degradation that address ISRU on the mission. The RJGPQOGPCYGTGSWCPVKƄGFD[OGCUWTKPI consortium includes Airbus Defence and the alteration of surface properties of the Space, the DLR Institute for Robotics and specimens. Changes in surface properties Mechatronics, the DLR Microgravity User were measured as the change of visible Support Center, and the DLR Institute of light transmission for optical media, while Planetary Research. the surface roughness was measured to quantify the change of surface properties ROBEX – Robotic Exploration in for metallic surfaces. The investigation of Extreme Environments different impact angles showed that steep 6JG*GNOJQNV\#NNKCPEGƄPCPEGFRTQLGEV KORCEVCPINGUJCXGVJGNCTIGUVKPƅWGPEG ROBEX (HA-304) collectively researches on the alteration of technical surfaces. challenges and synergies in robotic Effects of lunar dust on selected lunar deep sea exploration as well as robotic infrastructure elements such as dynamic

Microscope images of lunar dust impacts on different optical OGFKC HNVT UKNKECINCUUCET[NKE INCUU/CMTQNQP®

Astronautics 305 seals, electrical connectors and technical for example rovers, hominids, and UAVs. surfaces were investigated under repre- LRT research within SAKD focuses on sentative environmental conditions. Some the communication architecture and the of these tests were conducted in coopera- instrumentation for sample handling. tion with the DLR Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics in Oberpfaffenhofen which V-HAB – Modeling and Simulation is also a partner within ROBEX. of Life Support Systems Within the project ROBEX, we also To fully assess the long-term operation developed advanced planetary thermal and stability of life support systems (LSS) modeling tools. The standard approach for for exploration missions, static analysis optimization of a traverse (A* search) for OGVJQFUCTGKPUWHƄEKGPV'UVCDNKUJKPI rovers or astronauts on a planetary sur- mass balances and selecting technologies face (Moon, Mars) is now implemented in based on average performance values is the LRT tool chain. Further detailed ther- a fast and proven method for feasibility mal calculations can be made by using studies. Once the initial system design Lunar dust abrasion test setups: the commercial software ESATAN-TMS. becomes more detailed, dynamic simu- URWTIGCTVGUVUGVWR VQR HTKEVKQP Various traverses can be analyzed and a lations are required. The Virtual Habitat wheel test setup (bottom) DGUVVTCXGTUGECPDGFGƄPGFFGRGPFGPV (V-HAB) modelling tool, a MATLAB®-based on either temperature stability or energy simulation software, enables the dynamic demand including locomotion, thermal simulation of life support systems, the control and power subsystem. humans occupying the simulated habitat (WTVJGTOQTG.46JGNRGFVQFGƄPGVJG and the mission that is being performed, thermal design of an instrument box, for more complex analyses. The simula- called Remote Unit (RU) which houses a tion system V-HAB was validated in 2013 seismometer, an electronic board, and a by comparing data from a virtual model communication system. The design was of the International Space Station LSS developed to withstand conditions during YKVJCEVWCNƅKIJVFCVC ƄTUV8*#$TGNCVGF 'ZCORNGQHCVTCXGTUGCVNWPCT several lunar day cycles (Phase A study). dissertation). Five additional dissertations 5QWVJ2QNGVGORGTCVWTGOCR were derived, each adding to V-HAB’s already broad spectrum of capabilities. A dynamic thermal simulation tool was added to capture the thermal dynamics of moving objects (e.g. astronauts, rovers) on the lunar surface (Thermal Moon Simulator, TherMoS), which can provide valuable input during the design process of new technical systems. An enhanced and extended capabilities version of TherMos is used to characterize the dynamic thermal environment for the Satellite-based cooperative Lunar Polar Sample Return mission lead autonomous drones swarm by the European Space Agency (ESA), 6JG.46RCTVKEKRCVGUKPVJG&.4ƄPCPEGF EJCTCEVGTK\KPIJGCVƅWZGUUQNCTNKIJVKPI project SKAD (Satellitengestützter conditions and the availability of a direct Kooperativ-Autonomer Drohnenschwarm), communication link to Earth. TherMos which is led by OHB and was started in data can be exported to November 2016. SKAD is a Phase 0 study ESATAN-TMS, the ESA-mandated com- and investigates possible mission archi- mercial analysis tool, to verify TherMoS tectures to explore Valles Marineris and results. The current development of the search for water and life on the red planet tool aims at implementing traverse opti- using a cluster of cooperative, autono- mization for rovers as well as astronauts. mous vehicles. The cluster consists of a Hence, TherMoS is going to be extended small satellite and several ground vehicles, towards inclusion of cost and illumina-

306 Astronautics VKQPOCRUHQTURGEKƄEFCVGUCVURGEKƄE locations. Three additional ongoing dissertations cover the advancement of physico-chem- ical life support system models, the simu- lation of portable life support systems for space suits and the addition of dynamic crew scheduling algorithms to the human model. Peer-reviewed LRT research papers at the annual International Con- ference on Environmental Systems (ICES) expand already strong ties to LSS experts from NASA and industry (6 papers at the Lunar surface and resulting spacesuit temperature simulation ICES 2016 conference). V-HAB has a large student participation with 2 Bachelor’s, 4 Master’s and 9 term paper theses in 2016.

Real-time On-Orbit Teleoperation Technologies

RACOON Laboratory for enhanced environmental awareness The RACOON Lab features a satellite during On-Orbit Servicing missions. proximity operations simulation environ- ment, consisting of a hardware-in-the- Space Communication Technologies loop simulator that represents position and Architectures and attitude of two spacecraft in close Teleoperated On-Orbit Servicing and proximity, such as during rendezvous and space debris removal missions, a key docking maneuvers. The lab provides research area of LRT, require near real- realistic lighting conditions and hardware time transmission of multi-channel video sensors to simulate realistic sensor data signals, spacecraft sensor data and for the development of new spacecraft control information which can exceed data technologies and novel control algo- rates of 20 Mbps. DLR-funded research rithms. The real-time capabilities allow projects developed novel high-gain the inclusion of a human operator into antennas as low-loss direct radiating array the control loop for research in the area antenna systems (Lightweight Inter-Satel- of human spacecraft interaction, such lite Antenna, LISA), both as mechanically as studies of optimal human machine interface designs or operator workload evaluations. Technology developments for on-orbit telerobotics missions focused in 2016 on 3D-reconstruction and experimental human-machine interface studies. 3D-object reconstruction for virtual reality scenarios is already used in terrestrial systems, including UAV image processing. The use of this technology for On-Orbit Servicing (OOS) missions was investigated in feasibility and performance tests under realistic environmental orbital conditions. User studies characterized an experi- mental human-spacecraft interface using acoustic feedback to spacecraft operators RACOON Laboratory – relative satellite motion simulation environment

Astronautics 307 or electronically (beam forming) steerable sents a synergetic satellite communication antennas in copper-galvanic waveguide system to the RACOON on orbit servicing designs (LISA projects completed in architecture. The UAV copter and local 2016). cameras can be controlled over the A new project in hybrid manufacturing Ka-band SatCom link to provide enhanced VGEJPQNQIKGUEQODKPGUECTDQPƄDGTTGKP- situation awareness from the remote forced metal matrix designs (CFRMHF) accident site to the emergency services with lost core, 3D-manufacturing tech- coordinators at the control center/home nologies, to reduce system mass and base. The CopKa system must not to enable novel integrated waveguide KPVGTHGTGYKVJNQECNƄTUVTGURQPFGTUCPF designs, based on the established copper therefore requires novel control environ- galvanic process in LISA. ments including virtual reality technologies CopKa is a cooperative technology for safe, partial autonomous operations development and demonstration project of from the control center. a multi-sensor-based emergency services These satellite communication projects mission, using data from a UAV helicopter are funded by DLR (German Aerospace and other imaging data sources, trans- Center – Space Administration) research mitted over Ka-band satellite links. The grants no. FKZ 50YB1113 (LISA Ka-band project develops and tests novel commu- electronic steering), FKZ 50YB1333 nication architectures as well as support- (LISA Ka-band mechanical steering), ing rapid antenna pointing technologies, FKZ 50YB1533 (Hybrid Manufacturing and demonstrates the integrated system CFRMHF) and FKZ 1523/1524 (CopKa in various test scenarios in cooperation Comm. Architectures), by BMWi/DLR YKVJVJG67/ƄTGƄIJVKPIUGTXKEGU6JG Space Administration in Bonn. CopKa emergency use scenario repre-

Research Focus Astronautics-related Courses ■ Real-time telerobotics in space ■ (WPFCOGPVCNUQH5RCEGƅKIJV (RACOON) and space communica- ■ Space System Design/Technology tion technologies (CopKa, CFRMHF, ■ Spacecraft Technology I/II/GIST LISAES, LISAMS+). ■ Spacecraft Design (summer school) ■ Satellite development and technologies ■ Orbit- and Flight Mechanics (MOVE-II, BavariaSat). ■ Orbit Dynamics and Robotics ■ Exploration technologies, with space ■ *WOCP5RCEGƅKIJV life support systems (V-HAB, V-SUIT) ■ Aerospace Medicine and lunar in-situ resource exploration ■ Systems Engineering and utilization (ROBEX, LUISE-2, ■ Advanced Systems Engineering PROSPECT, MARVIN, LUVMI, SKAD). ■ Stars and Cosmology ■ 5RCEGƅKIJV'PXKTQPOGPVCPF5KOWNC- Competence tion ■ Systems Engineering tools for develop- ■ Near Earth Objects ment of complex systems ■ Applied Systems Engineering Practi- ■ End-to-end satellite communication cum ■ Dynamic simulation of life support ■ Hypervelocity Technologies Practicum systems ■ Modell-based Development Practicum ■ Lunar regolith handling and processing, ■ 5RCEGƅKIJV6GEJPQNQIKGU2TCEVKEWO resource extraction from lunar regolith ■ Systems Engineering Practicum ■ Thermal analysis and design for satel- ■ 5RCEGƅKIJV6JGTOCN&GUKIP2TCEVKEWO lite systems and planetary exploration environments

308 Astronautics Infrastructure Dipl.-Ing. Claas Olthoff (06/2016) ■ Machine and electronics workshops Maximilian Prexl, M.Sc. ■ Cleanroom (Class 8) Philipp Reiß, M.Sc. ■ Thermal-vacuum chambers Dipl.-Ing. Matthias Tebbe ■ Proximity operations simulator Dr.-Ing. Jacopo Ventura, M.Sc. ■ Groundstation (Ka-, S- and UHF/VHF- (grad. 12/2016) band communication) Dipl.-Ing. Hendrik Enke, external ■ Mission control center Dipl.-Ing. arch. Thomas Dirlich, external ■ Hypervelocity accelerators Dipl.-Inf. Carolin Eckl, external Dipl.-Ing. Jonas Schnaitmann, external Management Prof. Dr. rer.nat. Ulrich Walter, Director Research Students Dr.-Ing. Martin Rott, Academic Director Nicolas Appel Jörg Bayer Emeriti Felipe Coelho Prof. Dr.-Ing. Eduard Igenbergs, Emeritus Bailey Curzard Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harry O. Ruppe, Emeritus Laura Grill († 12 March 2016) Christian Gscheidle The staff of the LRT are mourning the loss Stefan Haberl QH*CTT[14WRRGVJGHQWPFKPIRTQHGUUQT Ulrich Hartmann (1966) of the chair of astronautics at the Clemens Hochfellner 6GEJPKECN7PKXGTUKV[QH/WPKEJCRKQPGGT Max Kellner CPFXKUKQPCT[QHJWOCPURCEGƅKIJV Jonis Kiesbye Karl Kraus Adjunct Professors/Lecturers Lisa Kühn Dr. rer. nat. Markus Brandstätter (lecturer) Johannes Kugele Oberstarzt Dr. Franz Grell (lecturer) Thomas Mascher Dr.-Ing. Detlef Koschny, ESA_ESTEC David Meßmann (lecturer) Monty Mutschler Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Letschnik (lecturer) Natan Nudelis Hon. Prof. Dr. med. Hans Pongratz Johannes Ostler APL-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Robert Schmucker Julian Otto Julia Pelka Administrative Staff Kerstin Roder Petra Lochner Thomas Roselli Sebastian Rückerl Research Scientists Marco Scarambone and Doctoral Candidates Marco Schewa Dr.-Ing. Jan Harder, DFG Postdoc Martin Schlecker Janos Biswás, M.Sc. Florian Schummer Dipl.-Ing. Christian Bühler Tom Thomanetz Dipl.-Ing. Martin Dziura Konstantin Traub Christian Fuchs, M.Sc. Antonios Tsalmas Dr.-Ing. Andreas Hein (grad. 10/2016) Matthias Vogelmeier Dr. Alexander Hoehn, Assoc. Professor (adj.), Univ. of Colorado Technical Staff Carla Hoehn, M.Sc. Tobias Abstreiter Dipl.-Ing. Matthias Killian .GQPJCTF4ÒRƅ Artur Koop, M.Sc. (05/2016) Dipl.-Ing. Martin Langer Dipl.-Ing. Sabine Letschnik

Astronautics 309 Publications 2016 +PCFFKVKQPVQVJGHQNNQYKPIRGGTTGXKGYGFLQWTPCNCPFEQPHGTGPEGRWDNKECVKQPUOQTGVJCP CECFGOKEVJGUGUYGTGEQORNGVGFKP DCEJGNQTVJGUGUUGOGUVGTVJGUGU |OCUVGTVJGUGUCPF2J&VJGUGU 

■ Antonini, Kelly; Langer, Martin; Farid, Ahmed and ■ (WEJU%JTKUVKCP/CTVKP&CƄPIGT0KMQNCWU Walter, Ulrich: SWEET CubeSat – Water Detection Langer, Martin and Trinitis, Carsten: ‘Enhancing and Water Quality Monitoring for the 21st Century, Nanosatellite Dependability Through Autonomous Proceedings of the 67th International Astronautical Chip-Level Debug Capabilities’, Proceedings of the Congress, Guadalajara, Mexico, September 2016. Small Satellites Systems and Services – The 4S ■ Appel, Nicolas; Rückerl, Sebastian; Langer, Martin: Symposium 2016, Valletta, Malta, May 30-June 3, 0CPQNKPM#4QDWUVCPF'HƄEKGPV2TQVQEQNHQT5OCNN 2016. Satellite Radio Links, Proceedings of the Small Sat- ■ Gierszewski, Daniel and Olthoff, Claas: Integrated ellites Systems and Services – The 4S Symposium Thermal Simulation of the Space Evaporator 2016, Valletta, Malta, May 30-June 3, 2016. Absorber Radiator using TherMoS and V-SUIT. ■ Artigas, Jordi; Balachandran, Ribin; De Stefano, Proceedings of the 46th International Conference Marco; Panzirsch, Michael; Lampariello, Roberto; on Environmental Systems, 2016. Albu-Schaeffer, Alin; Harder, Jan and Letschnik, ■ Harder, Jan, Wilde, Markus; Ventura, Jacopo and Jürgen: Teleoperation for On-Orbit Servicing Mis- Dziura, Martin: Acoustic Telepresence for Space- sions through the ASTRA Geostationary Satellite, craft Proximity Operations, Proceedings of IEEE Proceedings of IEEE Aerospace Conference 2016, Aerospace Conference 2016, Big Sky, Montana; Big Sky, Montana; 2016. March 2016. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ ■ Barber, S.; Carpenter, J.; Rizzi, F.; Wright, I.; AERO.2016.7500670. Abernethy, F.; Leese, M.; Morgan, G.; Morse, A.; ■ Hoehn, Alexander; Tozer, Stuart D.; Anthony,

Sheridan, S.; Verchovsky, A.; Gibson, E.; Howe, C.; Jonathan and Stodieck, Louis S.: A CO2 controller Reiss, P.; Goesmann, F.; Bianucci, G.; Cleaver, S.; enabling cell culture research inside an automated Fisackerly, R.; Houdou, B.: ProSPA: the Chem- incubator onboard the ISS. Proceedings of the ical Laboratory for In Situ Assessment of Lunar 46th International Conference on Environmental Volatile Resources within ESA’s Prospect Package. Systems, 2016. European Lunar Symposium, 2016. ■ Langer, Martin and Bouwmeester, Jasper: Reliability ■ Bouwmeester, Jasper; Langer, Martin and Gill, Eber- of CubeSats – Statistical Data, Developers’ Beliefs hard: Survey on the Implementation and Reliability and the Way Forward, Proceedings of the 30th of CubeSat Electrical Bus Interfaces. CEAS Space Annual AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites, Journal (2016): 1-11. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ Logan, UT, 6-11 August, 2016, Paper SSC16-X-2. s12567-016-0138-0. ■ Langer, Martin; Weisgerber; Bouwmeester, Jasper ■ Bühler, Christian; Roder, Kerstin Julia and Curzadd, and Hoehn, Alexander: A Reliability Estimation Tool Bailey Allen: Experimentelle Untersuchungen ver- for Reducing Infant Mortality in CubeSat Missions, schiedener Verschleißerscheinungen hervorgerufen submitted and accepted for IEEE Aerospace durch lunaren Regolith während Explorationsmis- Conference, Mar 4-11, 2017, Big Sky, Montana, sionen, 65. Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkon- USA. gress, Braunschweig, Germany, 2016. ■ Meier, Christoph; Yassine, Ali A.; Browning, Tyson ■ Bühler, Christian: Experimental Investigation of R. and Walter, Ulrich: Optimizing Time-Cost Lunar Dust Impact Wear, using the Electro-thermal Tradeoffs in Product Development Projects with a Accelerator: Lessons Learned and Results, 67th Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm, Research in Meeting of the Aeroballistic Range Association, Engineering Design (2016) 27(4): pp.347-366. DOI: Toledo, Spain, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00163-016-0222-7. ■ Bühler, Christian: Experimental Investigation of ■ Portner, Benjamin Wenzel; Schnaitmann, Jonas: Lunar Dust Impact Wear for Different Grain Sizes Concept for Increasing Water Recovery by Use and Impact Angles, submitted and accepted for of Series Reverse Water-Gas Shift-Sabatier Proceedings 2017 IEEE Aerospace Conference. Technology. Proceedings of the 46th International ■ Ciarcià, Marco; Ventura, Jacopo; Romano, Marcello Conference on Environmental Systems, 2016. and Walter, Ulrich: An Inverse Dynamics-Based ■ Prexl, Maximilian; Tebbe, Matthias, Hoehn, Alexan- Trajectory Planner for Autonomous Docking to a der and Walter, Ulrich: Aktuelle Herausforderungen Tumbling Target. Proceedings, AIAA Guidance, in der Steuerung von einem UAV über einen Navigation, and Control Conference, January 2016. Ka-Band Satellitenlink in einem Feuerwehreinsatz. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-0876. Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress 2016, ■ Cusick, Andrew; Killian, Matthias and Olthoff, Claas: Braunschweig. Integrated EVA Thermal Simulations using TherMoS ■ Prexl, Maximilian; Struebig, Konstantin Alexander; and V-SUIT. Proceedings of the 46th International Harder, Jan and Hoehn, Alexander: User Studies of Conference on Environmental Systems, 2016. a Head-Mounted Display for SAR-Teleoperation of ■ Eckl, Carolin; Brandstätter, Markus; Pfouga, Alain UAVs via Satellite Link, submitted and accepted for CPF5VLGRCPFKæ,QUKR%QORCTCVKXG8KGYVQ IEEE Aerospace Conference, March 2017. Model-based Systems Engineering Technique in ■ Pütz, Daniel; Olthoff, Claas; Ewert, Michael K.; Space and Automotive Development, Proceedings Anderson, Molly S.: Assessment of the Impacts of TMCE 2016, May 9-13, 2016, Aix-en-Provence, of ACLS on the ISS Life Support System using France. Dynamic Simulations in V-HAB. Proceedings of the ■ (WEJU%JTKUVKCP/CTVKP&CƄPIGT0KMQNCWU.CPIGT 46th International Conference on Environmental Martin and Trinitis, Carsten: Enhancing Nanosatel- Systems, 2016. lite Dependability Through Autonomous Chip-Level ■ Reiss, Philipp; Hoehn, Alexander; Richter, Lutz; Debug Capabilities, ARCS 2016; 29th International Biswás, Janos; Angerer, Oliver; Henn, Norbert and Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems, Sheridan, Simon: In-Situ Thermal Extraction and Nuremberg, Germany, 2016, pp. 1-4. Analysis of Lunar Volatiles with the Lunar Volatiles Scouting Instrument. European Lunar Symposium, 2016.

310 Astronautics ■ Reiss, Philipp; Hoehn, Alexander; Walter, Ulrich; ■ Tebbe, Matthias; Hoehn, Alexander; Nathrath, Barber, Simon; Carpenter, James: Implications of Norbert and Weickhmann, Christian: Manufacturing Sample Size for the Thermal Extraction of Volatiles and Testing of Liquid Crystal Phase Shifters for from Lunar Regolith with the PROSPECT Instrument an Electronically Steerable Array. Submitted and Package. Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 2016. accepted for Proceedings 2017 IEEE Aerospace ■ Rutzinger, Martin; Krempel, Lucas; Salzberger, Conference. Manuel; Buchner, Mario; Hoehn, Alexander; ■ Ventura, Jacopo; Ciarcià, Marco; Romano, Marcello Kellner, Maximilian; Janzer, Katja; Zimmermann, and Walter, Ulrich: Fast and Near-Optimal Guidance %NCWU)CPF.CPIGT/CTVKP1P1TDKV8GTKƄECVKQP for Docking to Uncontrolled Spacecraft. Journal of of Space Solar Cells on the CubeSat MOVE-II, 43rd Guidance Control and Dynamics, September 2016. Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC), IEEE, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.G001843. Portland, Oregon, June 5-10, 2016. DOI: http:// ■ Ventura, Jacopo; Fleischner, Andreas and dx.doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2016.7750120. Walter, Ulrich: Pose Tracking of a Non-cooperative ■ Schnaitmann, Jonas; Weber, Jan: A New Human Spacecraft During Docking Maneuvers Using a Thermal Model for the Dynamic Life Support Time-of-Flight Sensor. Proceedings, AIAA Guid- System Simulation V-HAB. Proceedings of the ance, Navigation, and Control Conference, AIAA 46th International Conference on Environmental SciTech 2016. January 2016. DOI: http://dx.doi. Systems, 2016. org/10.2514/6.2016-0875. ■ Soni, Anushree; Welch, Chris and Langer, Martin: ■ Walter, Ulrich: Im schwarzen Loch ist der Teufel Minimum Interstellar Precursor Mission, Pro- los: Astronaut Ulrich Walter erklärt das Weltall ceedings of the 67th International Astronautical (German), Komplett-Media (12 Nov 2016), ISBN-10: Congress, Guadalajara, Mexico, September 2016. 3831204357 / ISBN-13: 978-3831204359, paper- ■ Tebbe, Matthias; Hoehn, Alexander; Nathrath, back, 12 November 2016. Norbert; Weickhmann, Christian: Simulation of an ■ Weber, Jan P.: New Human Thermal Model for the Electronically Steerable Horn Antenna Array with Dynamic Life Support System Simulation V-HAB. Liquid Crystal Phase Shifters. Proceedings 2016 Poster presentation, 46th International Conference IEEE Aerospace Conference, DOI: http://dx.doi. on Environmental Systems, 2016. org/10.1109/AERO.2016.7500660.

Astronautics 311 Materials Science and Mechanics of Materials

Experimental and theoretical characterization of metallic materials

■ For many decades technological advances are closely linked to the availability of appropriate materials. The Institute of Materials Science and Mechanics of Materials concentrates on processing – microstructure – (mechanical) properties – relationships of load bearing metallic materials UWEJCUJKIJUVTGPIVJUVGGNUVKVCPKWOPKEMGNCNWOKPWOCPFVWPIUVGPCNNQ[U 4GUGCTEJKURGTHQTOGFGORNQ[KPIVJGQTGVKECNPWOGTKECNCPFGZRGTKOGPVCN techniques with equal importance on multiple length scales. The associ- ated State Material Testing Laboratory serves as an important interface to industry with respect to research-oriented (off- Prof. Dr. mont. habil. routine) testing of materials. Dr. rer. nat. h. c. Ewald Werner In 2016 research activities were directed toward plasticity and failure of gas turbine Contact sealing systems, hot isostatic pressing www.wkm.mw.tum.de of aluminum alloys in combination with [email protected] precipitation hardening, the importance Phone +49.89.289.15247 of thermo-physical properties of tool steel materials as used in press-hardening of ultrahigh-strength steel sheets and aspects of strain localization during forming of sheet materials. Much effort is devoted to fundamental research in electrochemistry related to basic problems Three-dimensional model of a polycrystalline micro- in electrochemical machining and last but OGEJCPKECNRGTKQFKEWPKVEGNNWUGFKPƄPKVGGNGOGPV calculations of local material properties. The structure not least to reliability aspects of integrated shown contains roughly 100 grains that differ in circuits. crystallographic orientation. (Source: WKM)

Combined Hot Isostatic Pressing and Heat Treatment of Aluminum Cast Alloys

Heat treated aluminum cast alloys have UKIPKƄECPVN[KPETGCUKPIVJGOCVGTKCNoU multiple applications in the automotive fatigue resistance. For the aluminum cast CPFCGTQPCWVKECNKPFWUVTKGU+PVJGƄGNFQH alloy A356 (Al + 7 % Si + 0,3 % Mg) this aircraft applications, high demands on the is usually done in a separate process step fatigue resistance lead to the necessity of preceding the regular heat treatment, a special production route that ensures which comprises solution annealing and high component quality. Hot isostatic aging. Solution annealing followed by pressing (HIP) is commonly used to reduce rapid cooling results in an oversaturated casting porosity of cast material, thereby condition with magnesium and silicon

Microstructure of the aluminum cast alloy A356 in hot isostatic pressed condition. The alloy shows eutectic silicon (Si) and different intermetallic compounds like plates of E-phase (FeSiAl5) and DRJCUG %T(G 5K#N KP COCVTKZQHCNWOKPWO

312 Materials Science and Mechanics of Materials atoms dissolved in the aluminum matrix. directly after hot isostatic pressing, without During aging precipitates are formed that the necessity to transfer the samples to a NGCFVQCUKIPKƄECPVKPETGCUGKPUVTGPIVJ separate heat treatment facility. Using this Due to the very limited capability to per- new procedure the overall process dura- form rapid temperature changes, standard VKQPECPDGUJQTVGPGFUKIPKƄECPVN[UCXKPI hot isostatic presses hardly can be used production costs by avoiding a separate for a combined process consisting of solution annealing step. Furthermore, FGPUKƄECVKQPJQOQIGPK\CVKQPCPFCIKPI spheroidization of silicon precipitates is With an advanced HIP technology made studied with optical and scanning electron accessible to WKM in a joint research microscopy, to gain insight into the role project, it became possible to achieve of this microstructure constituent for the UKIPKƄECPVN[JKIJGTSWGPEJKPITCVGUKP fatigue life of the heat treated alloy. the HIP process. Mechanical properties characterization at WKM served to ensure Partner that quenching rates are high enough to ■ Magnus Ahlfors, M.Sc., Quintus Tech- achieve an oversaturated solid solution, nologies AB, Quintusvägen 2, 72166 which then allows aging to be performed Västerås, Sweden

Thermal Conductivity of Hot Work Tool Steels for Hot Stamping Applications

Press hardening is used to produce sition and heat treatment on the thermal automotive blanks of fully-martensitic conductivity of hot work tool steels used ultrahigh-strength sheet steels. In order to for press hardening dies is investigated. gain high tensile strength it is necessary The dynamic method is employed to to rapidly decrease the blank temperature determine the thermal conductivity of the after forming by cooling the component in hot work tool steels via an indirect mea- the forming dies. The thermal conductivity surement. Conducting separate measure- of the hot work tool steel used for dies is ments of temperature-dependent density, KORQTVCPVVQFGƄPGRTQEGUUVKOGCPFVJG VJGTOCNFKHHWUKXKV[CPFURGEKƄEJGCV resulting blank properties. In the course capacity the dynamic method enables the of the research activities at WKM the determination of the thermal conductivity KPƅWGPEGQHVGORGTCVWTGCNNQ[KPIEQORQ- in the temperature range relevant for press hardening applications. Scanning electron OKETQUEQR[KUWUGFVQƄPFVJGTGNCVKQP- ships between microstructural condition and thermal conductivity.

Partners ■ Prof. Dr.-Ing. Werner Theisen, Lehrstuhl für Werkstofftechnik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum ■ Dr.-Ing. Christina Sunderkötter; Dr. rer. Thermal conductivity of the hot work tool steel nat. Mischa Bachmann, Volkswagen X38CrMoV5-3 for different heat treatment conditions AG, Entwicklung & Innovation, Brieffach CUGZRTGUUGFD[VJGCEJKGXGF4QEMYGNNJCTFPGUU *4% CPFVGUVKPIVGORGTCVWTGU 4295, 34219 Baunatal

Materials Science and Mechanics of Materials 313 Failure in Integrated Circuits

Via micro-mechanical simulation the KPƅWGPEGQHVJG#NOKETQUVTWEVWTGQP typical failure mechanisms is investigated utilizing a crystal plasticity material model taking into account microstructure, grain orientation, grain size and temperature dependency of the constitutive material parameters. So far, a number of exper- imental observations like the stabilizing effect of a passivation layer on the surface TQWIJGPKPICPFVJGUKIPKƄECPVNKHGGZVGP- sion by reducing the size of the conductor Deformed simulation model rep- Growing demands on performance and RCVJITCKPUEQWNFDGEQPƄTOGF resenting a part of an integrated durability of integrated circuits require Furthermore, the simulation results reveal circuit after 10 thermal load cycles (left). Vector representation of the an understanding of possible failure that the probability of crack initiation OCZKOWORTKPEKRCNUVTGUUYKVJKP mechanisms like crack initiation within within the ILD can be reduced by increas- the ILD (right). (Source: WKM) the interlayer dielectric (ILD) and surface ing the mean size of the metallization plate roughening of the metallization plate. grains and by randomizing the predomi- One main cause arises from the mis- nated (111)-texture of the conductor path match in thermal expansion between the grains. The surface roughening of the materials involved (conductor paths and metallization plate can also be reduced metallization plate are made of aluminum by randomizing the (111)-texture and by and the surrounding ILD of silicon oxide) increasing the grain size in the domain leading to thermo-mechanical loads and, of the highest temperature. Parameter consequently, to various types of damage. studies are currently undertaken in order Throughout their life, the electronic com- VQƄPFCPQRVKOWOOKETQUVTWEVWTGQH ponents undergo millions of load cycles, the aluminum components leading to a so that an experimental life cycle analysis minimum failure probability. during the development process is costly and may not be feasible.

Rubbing of Seal Systems in Gas Turbines

can vary during operation, e.g. due to thermal expansion or dynamic loads. As this clearance cannot be controlled UWHƄEKGPVN[TWDDKPIECPQEEWTNQECNN[ during which both the rotor and the stator can be damaged critically by wear or cracking. To ensure high reliability CPFGHƄEKGPE[QHVJGGPVKTGGPIKPGUGCN systems that can tolerate even extreme Schematic drawing of a honey- rubbing are necessary. Labyrinth seals comb liner and three labyrinth seal with special rubbing materials on the sta- ƄPU NGHV /QFGNQHVJGUKORNKƄGF rubbing contact showing the tor are able to meet these requirements. VGORGTCVWTGƄGNFKPDQVJTQVQTCPF 6QCEJKGXGJKIJCGTQF[PCOKEGHƄ- However, rubbing processes in such seal stator (right). (Source: WKM) ciency in gas turbines requires minimal systems are not yet completely under- clearance between the rotating and stood. The interactions of the numerous the static components. This clearance KPƅWGPEKPIRCTCOGVGTUCUYGNNCUVJG

314 Materials Science and Mechanics of Materials extreme conditions during rubbing, such dynamic contact between the tip of a as high temperatures and high rubbing turbine blade and the seal is studied in a velocities, complicate the investigation UKORNKƄGFOQFGNKPENWFKPICTQVQTCPFC of wear mechanisms. Furthermore, single metal sheet. An advanced model standard wear models cannot be applied will then allow the simulation of the whole YKVJQWVOQFKƄECVKQPU seal system, aiming at the prediction of In collaboration with the Karlsruhe optimized seal designs. Institute of Technology and the Univer- sity of Bayreuth, WKM contributes to Project a better understanding of the rubbing ■ Anstreifvorgänge in Turbinen – Experi- process in labyrinth seals. It is the aim of mentelle Untersuchung und Modellie- the research project to develop suitable rung (DFG) models and tools that allow the design of labyrinth seals of future turbines as well Partners as the reliable prediction of performance ■ Universität Bayreuth, Lehrstuhl Metal- and lifetime of the seals. WKM develops lische Werkstoffe, Ludwig-Thoma-Str. COWNVKUECNGƄPKVGGNGOGPVOQFGNVQ 36b, 95447 Bayreuth investigate the behavior of labyrinth seals ■ Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, during rubbing. This model takes into Institut für Thermische Strömungs- CEEQWPVVJGKPƅWGPEGQHVJGGXQNXKPI maschinen, Straße am Forum 6, microstructure of the seal material on the 76131 Karlsruhe mechanical behavior and also enables ■ MTU Aero Engines AG, Dachauer Str. NQECNFCOCIGCPCN[UKU+PCƄTUVUVGRVJG 665, 80995 München

Measurement, Redistribution and Relaxations of Residual Stress

The redistribution of residual stress may result either from the removal of portions of a workpiece during machining or from stress relaxation in the material due to diffusion processes. Residual stress redistribution plays a central role for most experimental techniques applied for resid- ual stress analysis: On the component level residual stress redistribution may lead to undesired distortions of the whole compo- PGPVFWTKPIOCEJKPKPIVQKVUƄPCNUJCRGQT during its operating life. In the case of very thin/slender components, even slight stress redistributions due to stress relaxation at ambient temperature can result in unde- sirable distortions increasing with time. Instrumented torsion pendulum to study the micro- The macroscopic temperature-dependent UEQRKEOGEJCPKUOUQHUVTGUUTGNCZCVKQPD[F[PCOKE mechanical spectroscopy. (Photo: WKM) damping behavior of the material can provide important information about the In this context, research activities of governing (microscopic) diffusion pro- WKM focus on investigations of stress cesses, as it results from energy dissipation redistribution both on macroscopic and by internal friction caused by (thermally microscopic scales as well as on the activated) migration of crystal lattice KFGPVKƄECVKQPQHVJGWPFGTN[KPIOKETQ- defects during loading/deformation. scopic mechanisms. This includes the

Materials Science and Mechanics of Materials 315 lattice, usually referred to as the reference value. This value depends on the chemical composition of the respective phase, on the microstructural state (existing constit- uents, phase fractions, texture, etc.) as well as on elastic microstrains as a result of local stresses of the crystal lattice on grain level. These local stresses can be ENCUUKƄGFKPVQKPVGTRJCUGOKETQUVTGUUGU resulting from the different micromechani- cal behavior of the individual phases, and intergranular microstresses originating from the elastic and plastic anisotropy of differently oriented grains of one phase. It is usually assumed that these OKETQUVTCKPUFQPQVUKIPKƄECPVN[EJCPIG 6GPUKNGURGEKOGPWPKCZKCNN[NQCFGFD[CVGUVTKIYJKEJKUOQWPVGFQPVJGPGWVTQPFKHHTCEVQOGVGT during macroscopic unloading. However, 564'5552'%6JKUUGVWRCNNQYUUVWF[QHVJGGXQNWVKQPQHKPVGTITCPWNCTCPFQTKPVGTRJCUG our investigations indicate that during micro-strains during macroscopic plastic deformation. (Photo: FRMII) the taking of macrostress-free reference development and application of exper- specimens from components of nick- imental techniques involving diffraction el-based superalloys under residual stress and mechanical methods. To investigate COQFKƄECVKQPQHVJGOKTEQUVTCKPUVCVGOC[ the diffusion processes governing QEEWTCPFHCNUKH[VJGKFGPVKƄGFTGHGTGPEG residual stress relaxation, the macroscopic value, and hence the resulting residual damping behavior of the materials is stress analysis. investigated by dynamic mechanical spec- Within this task, our research activities are troscopy using an instrumented torsion focused on the evolution of the inter- pendulum. granular and interphase microstrains of Neutron diffraction offers the possibility of different nickel-base superalloys (Inconel CURCVKCNN[TGUQNXGFRJCUGURGEKƄECPF 718 and Haynes 282) during loading and non-destructive residual stress analysis unloading with in-situ neutron diffraction up to several centimeters below the experiments. An accompanying rigorous component’s surface. A reliable evaluation characterization of microstructural aspects requires precise knowledge of the lattice on different length scales is accomplished spacing of the macrostress-free crystal by light- and electronmicroscopy (SEM/ TEM), 3D-atomprobe tomography, as well as X-ray diffraction. These combined experimental techniques will help to identify the mechanisms governing the dif- ferent microstrain-accumulation behavior of these alloys.

Projects ■ Eigenspannungsbedingter Bauteil- XGT\WIKPTQNNIGDQIGPGP5VCJNRTQƄNGP (Dr. Johannes Heidenhain GmbH) &KUVQTVKQPQHCVJKPYCNNGFDGPVRTQƄNGFWGVQTGFKU- ■ Entwicklung von Typ I Eigendehnungen tribution of residual stresses – application of a wire in Abhängigkeit der Mikrostruktur in electric discharge machining assisted dissectioning method for residual stress analysis. (Photo: WKM) Nickelbasislegierungen (DFG)

316 Materials Science and Mechanics of Materials Research Focus Management ■ Testing and modeling of metallic high Prof. Dr. mont. habil. Dr. rer. nat. h. c. performance alloys (iron-, nickel-, Ewald Werner, Director titanium- and aluminum-based alloys) Dr.-Ing. Christian Krempaszky ■ Residual stress determination via diffraction methods (X-rays, neutrons) Administrative Staff and incremental hole drilling Yvonne Jahn ■ Microstructure based numerical model- ing Research Scientists ■ Electron and light microscopy Dr.-Ing. Alexander Fillafer ■ Mechanical testing Tim Fischer, M.Sc. ■ Electrochemical machining Stephan Hafenstein, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Peter Holfelder Competence Dipl.-Ing. Felix Meier ■ High resolution scanning electron Marius Reiberg, M.Sc. microscopy Dipl.-Ing. Gerwin Riedl ■ Diffraction techniques Dr.-Ing. Cornelia Schwarz ■ Material testing on demand Johannes Seidl, M.Sc. Anneka Vogel, M.Sc. Infrastructure Dr. mont. Zhonghua Wang ■ Material testing equipment Sarah Welzenbach, M.Sc. ■ Light and electron microscopes Jonas Woste, M.Sc. ■ X-ray diffractometers ■ Hot isostatic press Technical Staff ■ Dilatometers and annealing simulator Wolfgang Bauer ■ Electrical and mechanical workshops Alois Huber ■ Electrochemical machining workstation Stefan Humplmair Carola Reiff Courses Jens Reuter, B.Sc. ■ Materials Science I and II ■ Engineering Materials Technology ■ Engineering Mechanics for Business Sciences ■ Fracture Mechanics/Plasticity Theory ■ Tensor Calculus for Engineers ■ Finite Elements in Mechanics of Materials ■ Electron Microscopy ■ Laboratory Courses on Materials Science, Mechanics of Materials and Finite Element Methods

Materials Science and Mechanics of Materials 317 Publications 2016

Journals Conferences ■ E. Werner, R. Wesenjak, A. Fillafer, F. Meier, C. ■ F. Meier, E. Werner: Application of crystal plasticity Krempaszky: Microstructure-based modelling of KPVJGƄGNFQHOKETQGNGEVTQPKEU/GEJCPKEUQH multi-phase materials and complex structures. Materials, Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Continuum Mech. and Thermodyn. 28 (2016) 1325- Oberwolfach, D, 2016. 1346. DOI: 10.1007/s00161-015-0477-7 ■ F. Meier, E. Werner: Determination of the tangent ■ R. Wesenjak, C. Krempaszky, E. Werner: Prediction stiffness tensor materials modeling during a of forming-limit curves of dual-phase steels based directed strain perturbation. ACE-X 2016 – 10th Int. on a multiple length scale modelling approach Conf. on Advanced Computational Engineering and considering materials instabilities. Comput. Mat. Experimenting. Split, HR, 2016. Sci. 111 (2016) 277-288. DOI: 10.1016/j.commatsci. ■ 5*CHGPUVGKP'9GTPGT'KPƅWUUFGT6GORGTCVWT 2015.09.046 und des Vergütungszustands auf die Wärmeleit- ■ F. Meier, C. Schwarz, E. Werner: Numerical fähigkeit von Warmarbeitsstählen für das Press- calculation of the tangent stiffness tensor in härten. Härtereikongress 2016, Köln, D, 2016. materials mode ling. Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engng. 300 (2016) 628-642. DOI: 10.1016/j. cma.2015.11.034 Books ■ M. Sommerer, M. Li, E. Werner, H. von Dewitz, ■ E. Werner, E. Hornbogen, N. Jost, G. Eggeler: S. Walter, S. Lampenscherf, T. Arnold: Tape cast (TCIGPWPF#PVYQTVGP\W9GTMUVQHHG#WƅCIG KUQVTQRKEƄPGITCKPGFVWPIUVGPHQTVJGTOQE[ENKE Springer Vieweg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2016. loading applications. Fusion Engng. and Design 105 (2016) 39-52. DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes. 2016.02.063 Reports ■ ■ F. Meier, E. Werner: Application of crystal plasticity E. Werner: Mechanics of Materials: Mechanics of KPVJGƄGNFQHOKETQGNGEVTQPKEU/GEJCPKEUQH Interfaces and Evolving Microstructure. Oberwol- Materials. Oberwolfach Reports 13 (2016) 835-838. fach Reports 13 (2016) 797-868. DOI: 10.4171/ DOI: 10.4171/OWR/2016/17 OWR/2016/17 ■ ■ P. Holfelder, J. Lu, C. Krempaszky, E. Werner: A F. Meier, C. Schwarz: Modellierung der Metallisie- RJCUGƄGNFCRRTQCEJHQTOQFGNKPICPFTGUQNKFKƄ- rung in integrierten Schaltungen – erste Schritte cation of Ti-6Al-4V during selective laser melting. zu einer Lebensdauervorhersage. Final report. Powder Metallurgy of Titanium II. Proc. of 3rd DFG-project SCHW1347/3-1, München, 2016 conference on Powder Processing, Consolidation and Metallurgy of Titanium, T. Ebel and F. Pyczak (Hrsg.), Trans Tech Publications Inc.; Key Engng. Mat. 704 (2016) 241-250. DOI: 10.4028/www. UEKGPVKƄEPGV-'/ ■ J.N. Wagner, M. Hofmann, S. Van Petegem, C. Krempaszky, M. Hoelzel, M. Stockinger: Compari- son of intergranular strain formation of conventional and newly developed nickel based superalloys. Mat. Sci. Engng. A 662 (2016) 303-307. DOI: 10.1016/j. msea.2016.03.059 ■ S. Hafenstein, M. Brummer, M. Ahlfors, E. Werner: Combined hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and heat treatment of Aluminum A356 cast alloys. HTM – J. Heat Treatm. Mat. 71 (2016) 117-124. DOI: 10.3139/105.110281 ■ S. Hafenstein, M. Brummer, M. Ahlfors, E. Werner: Kombiniertes Heißisostatisches Pressen (HIP) und Wärmebehandlung von einer A356 Aluminiumguss- legierung. Gießereipraxis Druckguss 67 (2016) 316-321. ■ S. Hafenstein, E. Werner, J. Wilzer, W. Theisen, S. 9GDGT%5WPFGTMÒVVGT/$CEJOCPP'KPƅWUU der Temperatur und des Vergütungszustands auf die Wärmeleitfähigkeit von Warmarbeitsstählen für das Presshärten. HTM – J. Heat Treatm. Mat. Submitted.

318 Materials Science and Mechanics of Materials Biochemical Engineering

Industrial biotechnology

■ Industrial biotechnology (‘white biotechnology’) makes use of micro- QTICPKUOUQTGP\[OGUHQTVJGKPFWUVTKCNRTQFWEVKQPQHEJGOKECNUNKMG URGEKCNCPFƄPGEJGOKECNUDWKNFKPIDNQEMUHQTCITKEWNVWTCNQTRJCTOC- EGWVKECNRTQFWEVUCFFKVKXGUHQTOCPWHCEVWTKPICUYGNNCUDWNMEJGOKECNU and fuels. Renewable resources and CO2 are the favored raw materials for industrial biotechnology. The Institute of Biochemical Engineering is dealing with all aspects of the technical use of biochemical reactions for industrial biotechnology. The research focus is on bioreactors and bio- ECVCN[UKUCUYGNNCUQP ICU HGTOGPVCVKQPCPFKUQNCVKQPQHDKQRTQFWEVU

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dirk Weuster-Botz

Contact

www.biovt.mw.tum.de/ bioverfahrenstechnik [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.15712

The new pilotscale photobioreactors of the Institute of Biochemical Engineering are operated in the TUM-Algae-

Tech-Center at the Ludwig-Bölkow Campus in Ottobrunn using CO2 as the carbon source (copyright: TUM)

Bioreactors in lab-scale bioreactors is miniaturization The effective generation of process and parallelization of stirred-tank reactors information represents a major bottleneck along with automation and digitalization. in microbial production process develop- ment and optimization. An approach to Highlight overcome the necessity of a large number Continuous operation of the bioreactor of time- and labor-consuming experiments unit with 48 parallel single-use stirred-tank bioreactors developed at the Institute of Biochemical Engineering enables the fast KFGPVKƄECVKQPQHOKETQDKCNTGCEVKQPMKPGVKEU within one set of parallel experiments.

Projects ■ Production of halophilic enzymes using *CNQHGTCZ volcanii in stirred-tank bioreactors ■ Continuous fermentations in miniatur- ized stirred-tank bioreactors Continuous operation of a bioreactor unit with ■ Multi-parameter analytics in parallel |RCTCNNGNUKPINGWUGUVKTTGFVCPMDKQTGCEVQTUQP bioreactors COKNNKNKVGTUECNG EQR[TKIJV5EJOKFGFGT67/

Biochemical Engineering 319 Biocatalysis

Great demands are placed on the optical purity of building-blocks for the produc- tion of pharmaceuticals. Due to the high natural selectivity of biocatalysts, bioca- talysis appears to be a favorable method for the purpose of chiral syntheses. Major research interests are the development of new reaction engineering methods and devices to intensify whole cell biotransfor- Scheme of the formation mechanism of polymeric mations of hydrophobic, unstable and/or nano-compartments in stirred-tank bioreactors and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the toxic substrates up to the technical scale. produced polymeric nano-compartments (copyright: 2QUEJGPTKGFGT67/ Highlight A scalable process was designed for the mass production of polymeric Projects nano-compartments and the formation ■ Polymeric nano-compartments for mechanisms were elaborated. Various biocatalytic applications different enzymes were encapsulated ■ Membrane functionalization of nano- within these nano-compartments, their scale enzyme membrane reactors membranes were functionalized by ■ Surface functionalization of nano-scale selective transport proteins and enzymes enzyme membrane reactors were immobilized on their surface result- ■ Cellular envelopes for multi-enzyme ing in ‘enzyme-membrane reactors’ on a synthesis nano-scale. ■ Production of N-acetylneuraminic acid using epimerases from cyanobacteria ■ Asymmetric syntheses with optimized ene-reductases

Fermentation

Making use of microorganisms for the Projects production of chemicals from renewable ■ Reaction engineering analysis of single resources is the core of industrial biotech- stranded DNA production with bacteri- nology. Reaction engineering analyses of ophage M13 metabolically optimized producer strains ■ Anodic respiration by Pseudomonas and metabolic analyses of microorganisms putida in stirred-tank bio-reactors in production processes are necessary for ■ Lipid production from diluted sugar GHƄEKGPVDKQRTQFWEVKQPQPCPKPFWUVTKCN mixtures with Trichosporon oleaginosus scale. ■ Metabolic analyses of recombinant microorganisms from production Highlight processes 'HƄEKGPVRTQFWEVKQPQHOKETQDKCNQKNUHTQO ■ Production of single-stranded DNA with diluted sugar mixtures usually derived Escherichia coli Pilot-scale membrane bioreactor from hydrolysis of (plant) biomass was ■ Production of terpenoid glycosides by fermentations for the production enabled by application of a two-phase recombinant Escherichia coli of microbial oils were performed at the TUM Research Center membrane bioreactor process with total ■ Reaction engineering analysis of for Industrial Biotechnology cell retention. Microbial oils were pro- recombinant )NWEQPQDCEVGTQZ[FCPU EQR[TKIJV5WP67/ duced with yeasts which accumulated up to 80% (w/w) lipid bodies inside the cells.

320 Biochemical Engineering Gas Fermentation

Special microorganisms are able to produce chemicals with carbon dioxide as sole carbon source. Energy may be supplied from sunlight or hydrogen gas. Bioprocess engineering is the key to make use of these energy sources for the microbial production of chemicals from carbon dioxide on an industrial scale.

Highlight A standardized anaerobic batch process in continuously gassed stirred-tank bioreactors was designed and approved to characterize and compare the process performances of new syngas (CO2, H2, CO) converting microorganisms. Sporumosa ovata was revealed as ■ Production of anti-oxidants with Comparison of the process particularly suitable for industrial applica- microalgae performances of new syngas converting microorganisms at tions. In appropriate reaction conditions ■ Light-dependent growth kinetics UVCPFCTFK\GFTGCEVKQPEQPFKVKQPU for example, the autotrophic production of Scenedesmus spec.KPƅCVRNCVG in continuously gassed stirred- tank bioreactors (photo: Tobias of ethanol with Sporomusa ovata could be photobioreactors *CUG increased by two orders of magnitude. ■ Comparative analysis of acetogenic bacteria for gas fermentation Projects ■ Gas fermentation with Clostridium ■ Modeling of microalgae cultivation in ECTDQZKFKXQTCPU open photobioreactors ■ Gas fermentation with Clostridium ■ Characterization of new microalgae for aceticum open photobioreactors ■ Multi-purpose reactor for gas fermenta- ■ Mass production of microalgae in open tions photobioreactors

Bioprocess Integration

In many cases, downstream processing validated to simulate chromatographic is by far the most cost-intensive step column packing behavior during either of a bioprocess. Often, multiple-step ƅQYQTOGEJCPKECNEQORTGUUKQP bioseparations are required yielding rather low product yields. Therefore, existing bio- Projects separation processes should be improved ■ Non-stationary hydrodynamics of and combined to reduce the number of chromatography columns process steps. The focus is on bioprocess ■ Novel methods for packing of prepara- integration of fermentation/biocatalysis tive chromatography columns and downstream processing. ■ 2TGRCTCVKXGRWTKƄECVKQPQHRTQVGKPUXKC extraction Highlight ■ Engineering of proteins for the control Simulation of chromatographic A three-dimensional deterministic model of crystallization processes column packing behavior (copy- TKIJV&QTP67/ CRRN[KPIEQORWVCVKQPCNƅWKFF[PCOKEU ■ Modeling and molecular dynamics (CFD) coupled with the discrete element simulation of protein crystals method (DEM) was developed and

Biochemical Engineering 321 Research Focus Management ■ Micro-bioprocess engineering/ Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dirk Weuster-Botz, Director bio reactors ■ Biocatalysis Administrative Staff ■ Fermentation Ellen Truxius ■ Gas fermentation Gabriele Herbrik ■ Bioprocess integration Research Scientists Competence Dr. Kathrin Castiglione, TUM Junior Fellow ■ Design and automation of bioreactor Dr.-Ing. Dariusch Hekmat systems Anna Groher, M.Sc. ■ Bioprocess development and optimiza- Andreas Schmideder, M.Sc. tion Ludwig Klermund, M.Sc. ■ Metabolic analysis of microbial reac- Andreas Apel, Dipl.-Ing. Dipl.-Wirt.Ing. tions in bioreactors Sarah Poschenrieder, M.Sc. ■ Metabolomics Julia Tröndle, M.Sc. ■ Downstream processing Tom Schwarzer, M.Sc. Anja Koller, M.Sc. Infrastructure Andrea Meo, M.Sc. ■ Stirred-tank bioreactor systems up to a Benjamin Kick, M.Sc. 100 l scale Sarah Hintermayer, M.Sc. ■ Flat-panel photobioreactor systems Eva Schussmann, M.Sc. with high-power LEDs Kathrin Doll, M.Sc. ■ Parallel bioreactor systems automated Martin Dorn, M.Sc. with lab robots %JTKUVKPC2HCHƄPIGT/5E ■ Anaerobic work benches/sterile laminar Timm Severin, M.Sc. ƅQYYQTMDGPEJGU Peter Riegler, Dipl.-Ing. ■ Syngas labs (CO2, CO, H2) Alexander Mayer, M.Sc. ■ Phage lab Xenia Priebe, M.Sc. ■ Cooled lab (4° C) Samantha Hansler, M.Sc. ■ Electronic/mechanical workshop Christian Burger, M.Sc. ■ #PCN[VKECNNCD .%/5ƅQYE[VQOGVT[ Christoph Mähler, M.Sc. GC, LC, etc.) Andres Martinez, M.Sc. Karl Behler, M.Sc. Courses Ingmar Polte, M.Sc. ■ Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals Lara Wolf, M.Sc. ■ Biochemical Engineering Phillip Nowotny, M.Sc. ■ Bioprocesses Johannes Hermann, M.Sc. ■ Bioprocesses and Bioproduction ■ Industrial Bioprocesses Technical Staff ■ Bioreactors/Bioreaction Engineering Georg Kojro ■ Environmental and Biochemical Engi- Norbert Werth neering Markus Amann ■ Separation of Macromolecular Bio- Florian Sedlmaier products ■ Practical Training on Biochemical Engineering ■ Practical Training on Bioprocess Engineering

322 Biochemical Engineering Publications 2016

■ Strillinger E, Grötzinger SW, Allers T, Groll M, ■ Klermund L, Poschenrieder ST, Castiglione K Eppinger J, Weuster-Botz D (2016): Production of (2016): Simple surface functionalization of poly- halophilic proteins with Haloferax volcanii H1895 in mersomes using non-antibacterial peptide anchors. a stirred tank bioreactor. Applied Microbiology and Journal of Nanobiotechnology 14: 48. Biotechnology 100: 1183-1195. ■ Groher A, Weuster-Botz D (2016): General medium ■ Schmideder A, Hensler S, Lang M, Stratmann A, for the autotrophic cultivation of acetogens. Biopro- Giesecke U, Weuster-Botz D (2016): High-cell-den- cess and Biosystems Engineering 39: 1645-1650. sity cultivation and recombinant protein production ■ Hintermayer S, Yu S, Kroemer JO, Weuster-Botz D with Komagataella pastoris in stirred-tank biore- (2016): Anodic respiration of Pseudomonas putida actors from milliliter to cubic meter scale. Process KT2440 in a stirred-tank bioreactor. Biochemical Biochemistry 51: 177-184. Engineering Journal 115: 1-13. ■ Weiner M, Tröndle J, Albermann C, Sprenger GA, ■ Schmideder A, Cremer JH, Weuster-Botz D (2016): Weuster-Botz D (2016): Perturbation experiments: Parallel steady state studies on a milliliter scale Approaches for metabolic pathway analysis in accelerate fed-batch bioprocess design for recom- bioreactors. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/ binant protein production with Escherichia coli. Biotechnology 152: 91-136. Biotechnology Progress, DOI:10.1002/ btpr.2360. ■ Dorn M, Hekmat D (2016) Simulation of the dynamic ■ 2HCHƄPIGT%'5EJÒPG&6TWP\5.ÒYG* packing behavior of preparative chromatography Weuster-Botz D (2016): Model-based optimization columns via discrete particle modeling. Biotechnol- QHOKETQCNICGCTGCNRTQFWEVKXKV[KPƅCVRNCVGICUNKHV ogy Progress 32: 363-371. photobioreactors. Algae Research 20: 153-163. ■ Poschenrieder S, Wagner S, Castiglione K (2016) ■ Poschenrieder ST, Schiebel SK, Castiglione 'HƄEKGPVRTQFWEVKQPQHWPKHQTOPCPQOGVGTUK\GF K (2016): Polymersomes for biotechnological polymer vesicles in stirred-tank reactors. Journal of applications: large-scale production of nano-scale Applied Polymer Science 133: 43274. vesicles. Engineering in Life Sciences, DOI 10.1002/ ■ Kantzow C, Weuster-Botz D (2016): Effects of elsc.201600100. hydrogen partial pressure on autotrophic growth ■ Koller A, Löwe H, Schmid V, Mundt S, Weuster-Botz and product formation of Acetobacterium woodii. D (2016) Model-supported phototrophic growth Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering 39: 1325- studies with Scenedesmus obtusiusculus in a 1330. ƅCVRNCVGRJQVQDKQTGCEVQT$KQVGEJPQNQI[CPF ■ Klermund L, Riederer A, Hunger A, Castiglione K Bioengineering, DOI 10.1002/bit.26072. (2016): Protein engineering of a bacterial N-acyl- ■ Kick B, Hensler S, Praetorius F, Dietz H, Weus- D-glucosamine 2-epimerase for improved stability VGT$QV\&  5RGEKƄEITQYVJTCVGCPF under process conditions. Enzyme and Microbial multiplicity of infection affect high-cell density Technology 87-88: 70-78. fermentation with bacteriophage M13 for ssDNA ■ Groher A, Weuster-Botz D (2016): Comparative production. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, DOI reaction engineering analysis of different acetogenic 10.1002/bit.26200. bacteria for gas fermentation. Journal of Biotech- ■ Koller A, Wolf L, Weuster-Botz D (2016): Reaction nology 228: 82-94. engineering analysis of Scenedesmus ovalternus ■ Schmideder A, Priebe X, Rubenbauer M, Hoff- KPCƅCVRNCVGICUNKHVRJQVQDKQTGCEVQT$KQTGUQWTEG mann T, Huang F-C, Schwab W, Weuster-Botz D Technology, 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.025 (2016): Non-water miscible ionic liquid improves biocatalytic production of geranyl glucoside with Escherichia coli overexpressing a glucosyl-trans- ferase. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering 39:1409-1414.

Biochemical Engineering 323 Machine Tools and Manufacturing Technology

Perspectives for production

■+PVJGHQEWUQHVJG%JCKTHQT/CEJKPG6QQNUCPF2TQFWEVKQP Engineering was on the machining of materials and the processing thereof into composite materials. With emphasis being placed on lightweight FGUKIPPGYRTQFWEVKQPRTQEGUUGUYGTGCPCN[\GFCPFHWTVJGTQRVKOK\GF using suitable simulation models.

With regard to light-weight structures that With the objective to use the suitable are optimally adapted to the respective material in any location, the research loads, bionic approaches such as the acivities are focusing on the area of joining adaptation of natural honeycomb and grid and separating cutting technologies are structures have proven to be particularly focusing on producing joints of different Prof. Dr.-Ing. suitable for achieving the desired goals in dissimilar metals or metal to plastics that Michael F. Zaeh the area of additive production processes. so far could not be produced. Thermal simulation models of joining processes Contact have proven their particular potential, which allow the development of innovative www.iwb.mw.tum.de [email protected] production processes e.g. in the produc- Phone +49.89.289.15500 tion of lithium-ion cells. For the last past 21 years, the Application Center Augsburg has transferred the new production technologies to industrial production, from which mainly small and medium-sized companies in the Bavarian- Monitoring the process for coating anodes 5YCDKCPTGIKQPDGPGƄV

Machine Tools

In the context of the Machine Tools working group, we analyze and optimize cutting production systems. The studies focus on the examination of dynamic machine behavior, the cutting process CPFKPƅWGPEKCNVJGTOCNHCEVQTU6JCPMU to the consideration of aspects of instru- mentation and control, the study horizon is expanded beyond purely mechanical structures to complex mechatronic sys- tems. Modern simulation methods, such CUVJGƄPKVGGNGOGPVUCPFOWNVKRNGDQF[ simulation, are used for these exami- PCVKQPUKPQTFGTVQTGƅGEVVJGOCEJKPG features in detail. By coupling these with developed cutting-force models, inter- actions between structure and process can be demonstrated. Furthermore, energy-related aspects which interact with the machine properties are in the focus of VJGKPXGUVKICVKQPU6JGGPGTI[GHƄEKGPE[QH machine tools is becoming more and more 6GUVQHOKNNKPIKPVJGEQPVGZVQHVJGPGYNGCTPKPI a competitive factor. factory for optimal cutting

324 Machine Tools and Manufacturing Technology Projects ■ FOREnergy – TP 1: creation of trans- ■ TOPOS: development, production and parency on the energetic behavior and testing of topology-optimized osteo- GPGTI[ƅGZKDKNKV[QHHCEVQTKGU synthesis ■ (14'PGTI[s62KPETGCUGU[UVGOƅGZK ■ FOR 1087 II – TP 3: simulation of bility to control the demand for energy damping effects in machine tools and manage energetic load peaks ■ SPP 1480/3: coupling of analytical and ■ BaZMod: component-adjusted machine numerical models to simulate thermo- EQPƄIWTCVKQPKPRTQFWEVKQPVJTQWIJ mechanical interactions during the additional cyber-physical modules milling of complex workpieces ■ DynaMoRe: improve dynamical beha- ■ DynSpann: process-related dynamic vior of galvanometer laser scanners cutting to reduce distortion and internal through model-based control stress during the welding of compo- ■ '&KPETGCUGGPGTI[GHƄEKGPE[VJTQWIJ nents active damping of machine structures

Additive Manufacturing

Laser beam melting (LBM)

Additive manufacturing offers great design Projects freedom but also involves novel challen- ■ AMMag – Laser Beam Melting of ges and research opportunities. Scientists magnesium alloys at the iwb Application Center Augsburg ■ HMTools – 3D-printing of hard metal strive to provide solutions to these chal- alloys lenges across a broad range of additive ■ AscentAM – Adding simulation to the manufacturing technologies, including corporate environment for additive among others electron beam melting manufacturing and simulation-based Thermographic image of the laser (EBM), laser beam melting (LBM) and compensation of warpage beam melting (LBM) process powder-binder-based 3D-printing (3DP). ■ AMThermoQS – Quality monitoring of The efforts comprise both soft- and hard- Laser Beam Melting by thermographic ware topics, i.e. simulation and process imaging monitoring and also process development ■ KonRAT – Development of a small- CPFVJGSWCNKƄECVKQPQHPGYOCVGTKCNU#U scale powder atomization plant and founding member of the international re- additive manufacturing of aerospace search and application center ‘Aerospace parts Factory Additive Manufacturing’ located at ■ ESmoke – Prevention of powder the Ludwig-Boelkow-Campus in Otto- spreading (smoke) in EBM by powder brunn, the researchers will continue to preconditioning yield results of high industrial relevance. ■ Aerospace Factory Additive Manufactu- ring – International research and appli- cation center for additive processes with a focus on aerospace propulsion

Machine Tools and Manufacturing Technology 325 Joining and Cutting Technology

■ FOREL II: research and technology EGPVGTHQTTGUQWTEGGHƄEKGPVNKIJVYGKIJV structures for electro mobility ■ FSWLeg: synthesis of non-equilibrum alloys using friction stir processes ■ 2TQ.GKRTQEGUUEJCKPHQTLQKPKPIƄDTG reinforced polymers to metals in 'ZRGTKOGPVKPVJGEQPVGZVQH lightweight structures TGUGCTEJKPVJGƄGNFQHNCUGTUCHGV[ ■ ProLasKu: enhancement of process GHƄEKGPE[CPFYGNFUGCOSWCNKV[HQT 1PVJGKTYC[HTQOCUGOKƄPKUJGFVQ laser welding using innovative system CƄPKUJGFRTQFWEVVGEJPKECNRTQFWEVU technology generally go through several joining and ■ RegTemp: temperature control during separating steps that are particularly friction stir welding relevant for the high quality and eco- ■ ReLaTiS: modeling and simulation of nomic success of the production. The DGCOTGƅGEVKQPUFWTKPIFGGRRGPGVTC- Joining and Cutting Technology group tion laser welding deals with this focal point and is working ■ ReVeBa: computer-based minimization on innovative production processes. The of distortions for laser welding of aim of the research and development comlex structures activities is the optimization of quality- ■ SPP 1640 (3rd funding phase): binding CPFRTQFWEVKXKV[QRVKOK\GFCPFUEKGPVKƄ- mechanisms during friction stir welding cally sound production processes. To this of mixed compounds end, machinery with modern laser beam ■ 5WTHC.+$UWTHCEGOQFKƄECVKQPUQH sources, friction welding equipment and battery materials a wide range of measuring and analysis ■ TR10-T9: laser welding of car body instruments is at the disposal of the parts in visible seam quality group. The competences of the team ■ ZAktiSiLA: design and development of range from process analysis, system a prototype of a central active safety technology, and technology consulting to device for the monitoring of remote simulation. high-performance laser beam systems in industrial applications Projects ■ SPP 1640 (2nd funding phase): binding ■ ExZellTUM II: Excellence Center for mechanisms during friction stir welding battery cells at the Technical University of mixed compounds Munich ■ eProduction – competence in the pro- ■ EEBat: decentralized stationary battery duction of high-energy storage systems UVQTCIGHQTVJGGHƄEKGPVWUGQHTGPGY for electromobility able energies and to support network ■ PaLaSi – passive laser safety for stability high-performance lasers in industrial ■ FOREL I: research and technology applications EGPVGTHQTTGUQWTEGGHƄEKGPVNKIJVYGKIJV structures for electro mobility

326 Machine Tools and Manufacturing Technology Research Focus Management ■ Machine tools Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael F. Zaeh, Director ■ Joining and separation technology Marion Fritsch, Secretary ■ Additive manufacturing Adjunct Professors Infrastructure Hon.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Christian Lammel ■ Cutting machine tools Hon.-Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Siegfried Petz ■ Laser tools ■ Friction welding equipment Visiting Lectures ■ Industrial robots Dr.-Ing. Marco Einhaus ■ Environmental, safety and teaching Dipl.-Ing. Peter Göttel laboratories ■ Energetic and geometrical parameters Administrative Staff ■ Material analysis systems Dipl.-Ing. Mareile Dörge ■ Simulation environments Regina Spitzer Sandra Pichlmair Competence Michael Wildgruber ■ Weak-point analysis of production systems Research Scientists ■ Experimental and computer-aided Andreas Bachmann, M.Sc. development support Dr. rer. nat. Thomas Bauer ■ Optimization of development and Dipl.-Ing. Alexander Belitzki production processes Fabian Bayerlein, M.Sc. ■ Technology screening, analysis and Dipl.-Ing. Simone Dietrich evaluation Dipl.-Ing. Fabian Distel ■ Laser-based production technologies Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Conrad Fischbach Dipl.- ■ Friction welding Ing. Alexander Fuchs Andreas Ganser, ■ Simulation of production processes M.Sc. ■ Innovative production technologies Dipl.-Ing. Johannes Glasschröder ■ Simulation-assisted optimization of Jan Habedank, M.Sc. production processes Dipl.-Ing. Veit Hammerstingl ■ Quality assurance of production Dipl.-Ing. Martin Haubold processes Stephan Janson, M.Sc. ■ Designing process chains Manuel Keßler, M.Eng. Robin Kleinwort, M.Sc. Courses Dipl.-Ing. Markus Krutzlinger ■ Machine Elements and Manufacturing Corinna Liebl, M.Sc. ■ Manufacturing Technologies Stefan Liebl, M.Sc. ■ Metal Cutting Manufacturing Processes Florian Lugauer M.Sc. ■ Metal Cutting Machine Tools Dipl.-Ing. Clemens Marder ■ Joining Technology Dipl.-Ing. Sebastian Pieczona ■ Laser Technology Dipl.-Ing. Richard Popp ■ Quality Management Christian Rebelein, M.Sc. ■ Structural Behaviour of Machine Tools Dipl.-Ing. Philipp Rinck ■ Practical Course Additive Manufacturing Dipl.-Ing. Dominik Schmid ■ NEW Practical Course Development of Patrick Schmitz, M.Sc. Machine Tools Dipl.-Ing. Christoph Schmutzler ■ Practical Course Metal Cutting Machine Florian Schnös, M.Sc. Tools Dr.-Ing. Christian Seidel ■ Practical Course Welding Technologies Dipl.-Ing. Michael Seebach ■ Principles of Engineering Design and Dipl.-Ing. Tobias Steinhäußer Production Systems Cosima Stocker, M.Eng.

Machine Tools and Manufacturing Technology 327 Dipl.-Phys. Johannes Weirather Technical Staff Sepp Wimmer, M.Sc. Armin Braun Dipl.-Ing. Martin Wunderer Alexander Degenhart Christian Zeller, M.Sc. Andreas Grünwald Amanda Zens, M.Sc. Brigitte Hadler Wolfgang Rissling Stefan Seidl Rainer Sollfrank

Publications 2016

■ Andreas Bachmann, Michael F. Zaeh: Bewertung ■ Rebelein, C.; Zaeh, M. F.: Friction in feed drives von Temperaturmessmethoden beim Rührreib- of machine tools: investigation, modeling and schweißen zum Aufbau einer Temperaturregelung. validation. Production Engineering – Research and Geesthacht: 24.02.2016. &GXGNQROGPV  RR| ■ Ganser, A.; Liebl, S.; Schmitz, P.; Zaeh, M. F.: ■ Schmid, D.; Schmutzler, C.; Schreiber, S.; Anstätt, &GVGEVKQPQHVTCPUKGPVTGƅGEVKQPUFWTKPINCUGTDGCO C.; Zäh, M. F.: Arbeitssicherheit in der pulver- welding of copper. In: Dorsch, F. et al. (Hrsg.): SPIE bettbasierten Additiven Fertigung. In: Kniffka, W. LASE. San Francisco, California, United States, GVCN *TUI 4CRKF6GEJ#Wƅ#WƅUN%CTN Saturday 13 February 2016: SPIE 2016, vol. 9741. *CPUGT(CEJDWEJXGTNCIRR|+5$0 (SPIE Proceedings). 3446450173. ■ Kick, M.; Lugauer, F. P.; Häußinger, C.; Zäh, M. F.: ■ Schmutzler, C.; Bayerlein, F.; Janson, S.; Seidel, C.; Ein numerisches Berechnungsmodell zur Vorher- Zaeh, M. F.: Pre-compensation of warpage for addi- sage von Standzeiten passiver metallischer Laser- tive manufacturing. (Hrsg.): Fraunhofer Direct Digital schutzwände. In: DVS – Deutscher Verband für Manufacturing Conference (DDMC), 16-17.03.2016, Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren e. V. (Hrsg.): Berlin 2016. DVS Congress 2016. Leipzig, 19.-20.09.2016 2016, ■ Schmutzler, C.; Zimmermann, A.; Zaeh, M. F.: RR| Compensating Warpage of 3D Printed Parts Using ■ Kleinwort, R.; Schweizer, M.; Zaeh, M. F.: Free-form Deformation. Procedia CIRP 41 (2016), Comparison of Different Control Strategies for RR| Active Damping of Heavy Duty Milling Operations. ■ Stock, J. W.; Kerschreiter, J.; Zaeh, M. F.: Modelling 2TQEGFKC%+42  RR| the Stress Concentration in CFRP at Notches with ■ Liebl, C.; Popp, R. S.-H.; Zaeh, M. F.: Systematic C6JGTOCNN[+PƅWGPEGF%WV'FIG+P9WNHUDGTI, Generation and Evaluation of Energy Data in Manu- P. et al. (Hrsg.): WGP Congress 2016. Hamburg, facturing. In: Dimitrov, D. et al. (Hrsg.): Proceedings 2HCHƄMQP5YKV\GTNCPF6TCPU6GEJ of the 6th International Conference on Competitive Publications 2016. ISBN: 978-3-03835-642-4. /CPWHCEVWTKPI %1/#o 4GUQWTEG'HƄEKGPE[ (Applied Mechanics and Materials). for Global Competitiveness. Stellenbosch, South ■ Vlacil, J.; Rebelein, C.; Zaeh, M. F.: The Effect #HTKEC5VGNNGPDQUEJ7PKXGTUKV[RR| of the Feed Drive Control on the Damping of ISBN: 978-0-7972-1602-0. Structural Vibrations of Machine Tools. In: HSM ■ Liebl, S.: Laserstrahlschweißen mit angepasster (Hrsg.): Proceedings of the XIIIth International Intensitätsverteilung. In: Zaeh, M. F. et al. (Hrsg.): Conference on High Speed Machining 2016, HSM. Geschickt verbunden: Funktionsintegration und Metz, 4-5.10.2016. Auf USB veröffentlicht: nicht Fügetechnik im Strukturleichtbau, 2. FOREL-Akade- vorhanden 2016. (High Speed Machining). mie. Garching, 8. April. München: Herbert Utz Verlag ■ Zaeh & Reinhart: Geschickt verbunden: Funktions- )OD*RR|+5$0 integration und Fügetechnik im Strukturleichtbau, ■ Lugauer, F. P.; Stiehl, T. H.; Zäh, M. F.: Functional 2. FOREL-Akademie. Garching, 8. April 2016. safety of hybrid laser safety systems – how can a München: Herbert Utz Verlag GmbH 2016. ISBN: combination between passive active componants 978-3-8316-4566-4. prevent accidents? Physics Procedia 83 (2016), ■ Zeller, C.; Bayerlein, F.; Wunderer, M.; Zaeh, M. F.: RR| 8GTKƄ\KGTWPIXQP/QFGNNKGTWPIUCPPCJOGPHØTFKG ■ Lugauer, F. P.; Wimmer, F.; Zaeh, M. F.: Describing Struktursimulation beim Laserstrahlschmelzen. In: statistical deviations of protection times of laser NAFEMS (Hrsg.): NAFEMS Germany Conference safety barriers. MM (Modern Machinery) Science 2016. Bamberg, 25.-27.04.2016. Available online, ,QWTPCN  RR| RR| ■ Lugauer, F. P.; Wirth, S.; Häußinger, C. B.; Zäh, M. F.: Eine Auslegungsmethode für Sicherheitseinrichtun- gen an Laserstrahlanlagen zur Werkstoffbearbeitung. 5EJYGK»GPWPF5EJPGKFGP  RR| ■ Pieczona, S. J.; Muratore, F.; Zaeh, M. F.: An Approach for Modelling the Structural Dynamics of a Mechanical System based on a Takagi-Sugeno Representation. In: Dimitrov, D. et al. (Hrsg.): Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Competitive Manufacturing (COMA ’16). Resource 'HƄEKGPE[HQT)NQDCN%QORGVKVKXGPGUU5VGNNGP- bosch, South Africa: Stellenbosch University 2016, RR|+5$0

328 Machine Tools and Manufacturing Technology

Appendix

Honorary Degrees (Dr.-Ing. E.h.)

Herbert Kraibühler, 2015, in recognition of his remark- Rudolf Rupprecht, 1995, in appreciation of his excep- VKQPCNGPIKPGGTKPITGNCVGFCEJKGXGOGPVUKPVJGƄGNFQH able achievements and ideas in the research and development of innovative plastic processing and additive company leadership and contributions to maintaining manufacturing machinery Germany as an economic powerhouse

Reimund Neugebauer, 2012, in recognition of his out- Raymond Viskanta, 1994, in recognition of his remark- CDNGUEKGPVKƄECEJKGXGOGPVUKPVJGƄGNFUQHTCFKCVKQP standing achievements in the research and development QHTGUQWTEGGHƄEKGPVOCUURTQFWEVKQPVGEJPQNQI[CPF energy transmission as well as heat and materials trans- innovative mechatronic manufacturing systems portation

Norbert Reithofer, 2011, in recognition of his outstanding Wolfgang Bürgel, 1993, in recognition of his excellent CEJKGXGOGPVUKPVJGGPIKPGGTKPICURGEVUQHOCVGTKCNƅQY achievements in the research, development and reali- sation of new production technologies and innovative, and production logistics. future-oriented organisational forms for production. Hans Jürgen Matthies, 1991, in recognition of his QWVUVCPFKPIUEKGPVKƄEVGEJPKECNCPFEQOOGTEKCNQTICPK Bernhard Fischer, 2009, in recognition of his remark- - able achievements in the research, development and sational achievements in agricultural engineering and for TGCNKUCVKQPQHGHƄEKGPVCPFGPXKTQPOGPVCNN[HTKGPFN[RQYGT special contributions in deepening our understanding of generation technologies oil hydraulics KPTGEQIPKVKQPQHJKUUEKGPVKƄE Manfred Wittenstein, 2008, in recognition of his Gerhard Pahl exceptional achievements and ideas in the research achievements in design and its relationship to machine and development of innovative propulsion systems and components and computer-aided technology forward-looking company leadership Rudolf Quack, 1990, in recognition of his outstanding UEKGPVKƄECEJKGXGOGPVUKPƄTKPICPFEQPVTQNVGEJPQNQI[ Dieter Spath, 2007, in recognition of his outstanding re - search and development achievements in the connection Eberhard von Kuenheim, 1988, in recognition of his out- between technical competence, industrial science and standing technical achievements in the area of automotive management and production technology and company leadership

Frank E. Talke, 2005, in recognition of his exceptional Hans Dinger, 1987, in recognition of his outstanding research and development achievements in the mecha- achievements in the engineering science of combustion nics and tribology of magenetic memory systems and his engine construction international work in the area of engineering education Hans-C. Koch, 1986, in recongition of his exemplary Burkhard Göschel, 2004, in recognition of his exceptional VGEJPKECNCPFUEKGPVKƄECEJKGXGOGPVUKPVJGGPVKTGƄGNFQH research and development achievements as well as his car production technology KFGCUKPVJGƄGNFQHOGEJCVTQPKEUHQTVJGCWVQOQVKXG industry. Helmuth Glaser, 1981, in recognition of his ground- DTGCMKPIUEKGPVKƄEYQTMKPVJGTOQF[PCOKEUGURGEKCNN[ Volker Kronseder, 2003, in recognition of his remarkable refrigeration and process technology and his successful achievements and ideas in the research and development ECTGGTCUCPCECFGOKEGFWECVQTCPFRWDNKUJGTQHUEKGPVKƄE of innovative bottling plants and plastics machines as well writings as for his company leadership Erwin Sick, 1980, in recognition of his contribution to the Ali Hassan Nayfeh, 1999, in recognition of his exceptional UEKGPVKƄECPFEQPUVTWEVKXGFGXGNQROGPVQHQRVKECNFGXKEGU CPFKPVGTPCVKQPCNN[TGEQIPKUGFUEKGPVKƄEEQPVTKDWVKQPUKP with electronic signal processing VJGƄGNFQHPQPNKPGCTF[PCOKEUCPFVJGKTCRRNKECVKQPUKP engineering science Ernst Gassner, 1979, in recognition of his great contri- butions to theoretical and experimental research in Bernd Pischetsrieder, 1997, in recognition of his out- operational stability standing achievements in company leadership and his innovative ideas in holistic system technology and system integration

330 Appendix External Lecturers

Name Professorship Lecture Title Since Dr.-Ing. Alexander Alekseev Plant and Process Technology Grundlagen der Kälteerzeugung und Industrielle SS 12 Tieftemperaturanlagen Univ.-Prof. P. Vellayani Aravind, Energy Systems Thermodynamics in Energy Conversion WS 10-11 Ph. D. Axel Becker Aircraft Design Luftverkehrsszenarien SS 12 Dr. rer. nat. Manfred Benthaus Energy Systems Stromnetze und Energiemärkte SS 15 Dr.-Ing. Johann Blaha Materials Science and Mechanics Werkstoffe für Motoren und Antriebssysteme: SS 09 of Materials Otto- und Dieselmotoren Hon.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Butter Helicopter Technology Flugregelung von Hubschraubern WS 10-11 Prof. Dr. Antonino Cardella Nuclear Technology Kernfusion Reaktortechnik SS 10 Dr.-Ing. Johann H. Dambeck Flight System Dynamics Navigation und Datenfusion WS 08-09 Dr.-Ing. Rainer Demuth Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics Aerodynamik von Hochleistungsfahrzeugen WS 08-09 Dr.-Ing. Marco Einhaus Machine Tools and Industrial Management Arbeitsschutz und Betriebssicherheit WS 09-10 Dr. rer. nat. Jörg Eßlinger Materials Science and Mechanics Werkstoffe für Motoren und Antriebssysteme: SS 06 of Materials Luftstrahlantriebe, extreme Anforderungen an besondere Materialien Peter Göttel Machine Tools and Industrial Management Projektmanagement für Ingenieure WS 07-08 Dr. Franz Grell Helicopter Technology Luft- und Raumfahrtmedizin für Ingenieure WS 15-16 Dr.-Ing. Marcus Heindl Medical Engineering Prüfung und Analyse von Kunststoffbauteilen SS 11 Dr.-Ing. Matthias Heller Flight System Dynamics Flugdynamische Herausforderungen hochgradig- SS 09 TGINGTIGUVØV\VGT-QPƄIWTCVKQPGP Dr.-Ing. Jörg Henne Turbomachinery and Flight Propulsion Technologie und Entwicklung von Triebwerken der WS 07-08 nächsten Generation Dr.-Ing. Paul Heuler Lightweight Structures Betriebsfestigkeit WS 98-99 Dr.-Ing. Robert Huber Applied Mechanics Anwendungsorientierte Simulation mechatronischer WS 13-14 Systeme Dr.-Ing. Andreas Hupfer Turbomachinery and Flight Propulsion Turbomaschinen SS 16 Dr.-Ing. Andreas Hupfer Turbomachinery and Flight Propulsion Konstruktionsaspekte bei Flugantrieben SS 16 Dr.-Ing. Carsten Intra Metal Forming and Casting Produktionsmanagement im Nutzfahrzeugsektor WS 13-14 Dr.-Ing. Oliver Knab Space Propulsion Raumfahrtantriebe 2 WS 09-10 bzw. SS 10 Dr.-Ing. Alexander Kolb Thermodynamics Kraftfahrzeug-Klimatisierung/Kältetechnik WS 03-04 Dr.-Ing. Detlef Koschny Astronautics Near-Earth objects for engineers and physicists SS 15 Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Letschnik Astronautics Space Communication and Operations SS 16 Dr.-Ing. Heiko Meyer Automation and Information Systems Prozessleitsysteme in der verarbeitenden Industrie und WS 11-12 ihre vertikale Integration Dr.-Ing. Oswin Öttinger Carbon Composites Kohlenstoff und Graphit – Hochleistungswerkstoffe für WS 10-11 Schlüsselindustrien Dr.-Ing. Herbert Pfab Automotive Technology Baumaschinen SS 00 Dr.-Ing. Burkhard Pinnekamp Machine Elements Hochleistungsgetriebe für Schiffsantriebe, Wind-Energie- WS 12-13 Anlagen und industrielle Anwendungen Dr. Hans-Willi Raedt Metal Forming and Casting Massivumformung und Fertigungstechnik für Antriebstrang WS 15-16 und Fahrwerk im Automobil Dr.-Ing. Robert Reiter Machine Tools and Industrial Management Die Digitale Fabrik in der Automobilindustrie und im SS 05 Flugzeugbau Dr. rer. nat. Marcus Seidl Nuclear Technology Rückbau kerntechnischer Anlagen WS 11-12 Dr.-Ing. Rainer Stetter Machine Tools and Industrial Management Mechatronik-Entwicklungsprojekte in der Praxis SS 07 Dr.-Ing. Joachim Thomas Machine Elements Kegel- und Hypoidzahnräder für Fahrzeugantriebe SS 09 Dr.-Ing. Lothar Wech Automotive Technology Verkehrsunfall-Analyse und passive Fahrzeugsicherheit WS 03-04 Dr.-Ing. Christian Weimer Carbon Composites Liefer- und Wertschöpfungskette Composites WS 10-11 Dr.-Ing. Christian Wende Medical Engineering Einführung in das Patent-, Marken- und Musterrecht für SS 11 Ingenieure

Appendix 331 Habilitations 2016

Name Topic Mentor Date Dr.-Ing. Matthias Gaderer Dezentrale Energiesysteme Prof. Dr.-Ing. April 27, 2016 Hartmut Spliethoff

Doctorates 2016

Name Topic Supervisor Date Dr.-Ing. Benedikt Huber Dynamik von Common Rail Injektoren und Konzepte zur Prof. Dr.-Ing. Heinz Ulbrich i.R. January 11, 2016 Detektion und Kompensation von Düsenverschleiß Dr.-Ing. Julia Wagner Thermo-mechanisches Schädigungsverhalten in Prof. Dr.-Ing. Horst Baier January 14, 2016 faserverstärkten Kunststoffen an werkstoffhybriden Fügeverbindungen Dr.-Ing. Jörg Cichosz Experimental Characterization and Numerical Modeling of the Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Drechsler January 14, 2016 Mechanical Response for Biaxial Braided Composites Dr.-Ing. Rainer Wehrle Structural Optimization of Extruded Frames and Stiffeners Prof. Dr.-Ing. Horst Baier January 19, 2016 including Considerations of Manufacturing Efforts Dr.-Ing. Julian Backhaus Adaptierbares aufgabenorientiertes Programmiersystem für Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gunther Reinhart January 26, 2016 Montagesysteme Dr.-Ing. Simon Huber Beitrag zu einem iterativ gekoppelten aerodynamisch- PD Dr.-Ing. Thomas Indinger January 28, 2016 thermischen Auslegungsprozess für Fahrzeuge Dr.-Ing. Robert Ramakrishnan 3-D-Drucken mit einem anorganischen Formstoffsystem Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfram Volk January 29, 2016 Dr.-Ing. Christoph Hess Beitrag zur Qualitätssicherung für die serientaugliche Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Drechsler February 1, 2016 Herstellung von textilen Preformen Dr.-Ing. Manuel Czech In-Orbit versus Ground Testing – Analysis Framework for Prof. Dr.-Ing. Horst Baier February 15, 2016 Evaluation Dr.-Ing. Stefan Weihard 'KPƅWUUXQP(GTVKIWPIUCDYGKEJWPIGPWPF/QPVCIGOGVJQFGP Prof. Dr.-Ing. Oskar Haidn February 15, 2016 auf die Spaltmaße in Axialverdichtern von Flugtriebwerken Dr.-Ing. Martin Güntner Entwicklung eines CFD-Codes zur numerischen Prof. Dr.-Ing. Rudolf Schilling February 23, 2016 Simulation kavitierender Strömungen in hydraulischen i.R. Strömungsmaschinen Dr.-Ing. Michael Kolb +PƅWGPEGQHVJG+PLGEVQT)GQOGVT[QP/KZKPICPF.KHV1HHQH Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas February 26, 2016 Premixed Jet Flames in Hot Cross Flow Sattelmayer Dr.-Ing. Andreas Rosenberger 7PVGTUWEJWPIFGU'KPƅWUUGUFGT5EJCWHGNPGKIWPICWHFCU Prof. Dr.-Ing. Rudolf Schilling March 3, 2016 Betriebsverhalten von Francis-Turbinen i.R. Dr.-Ing. Robert Kudicke Optimierung der Kühlsysteme von Großmotoren mit Hilfe Prof. Dr.-Ing. Georg March 7, 2016 thermodynamischer Analysemethoden Wachtmeister Dr.-Ing. Sebastian Remmler Gravity-Wave Breaking and Turbulence in the Atmosphere Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Hickel March 11, 2016 Dr.-Ing. Markus Dix Eine durchgängig virtuelle Faserverbundprozesskette am Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Drechsler March 14, 2016 Beispiel des RTM Prozesses Dr.-Ing. Mark Förster Aeroelastische Stabilitäts- und Antwortanalyse auf Basis apl. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Christian March 16, 2016 numerischer Strömungssimulation Breitsamter Dr.-Ing. Robert Canti Analyse für eine belastungsgerechte Auslegung von Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hartmut Hoffmann March 17, 2016 Presswerkzeugen am Beispiel Niederhalter und Schiebersystem Dr.-Ing. Stefan Krotil 1PNKPG5KOWNCVKQPXQPƅWKFKUEJGP2TQ\GUUGPKPFGTHTØJGP2JCUG Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gunther Reinhart March 18, 2016 der Maschinen- und Anlagenentwicklung Dr.-Ing. Miriam Haerst Niederviskose, extrudierte Silikone für die Medizintechnik Prof. Dr. med. Dr.-Ing. Erich March 22, 2016 Wintermantel Dr.-Ing. Stephan Müller Das optimale Bedienelement und der optimale Bedienort für Prof. Dr. Heiner Bubb i.R. March 29, 2016 eine Nutzerfunktion Dr.-Ing. Georg Schober Entwicklung eines Pump-Turbinen Konzeptes mit einer radial- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Rudolf Schilling March 30, 2016 axialen Beschaufelung i.R. Dr.-Ing. Michael Hutter Numerische Untersuchung und Optimierung der Leitrad- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Rudolf Schilling March 31, 2016 Laufrad-Saugrohrinteraktion bei Axialturbinen i.R. Dr.-Ing. Magnus Bichlmeier %GTVKƄVCDNG.#FCRVKXG%QPVTQNHQT*GNKEQRVGTU Prof. Dr.-Ing. Florian Holzapfel April 4, 2016

332 Appendix Name Topic Supervisor Date

Dr.-Ing. Leopold Meier In-situ-Messung der Phasenumwandlungskinetik von Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hartmut Hoffmann April 4, 2016 ausferritischem Gusseisen Dr.-Ing. Susanne Rösch Model-based testing of fault scenarios in production automation Prof. Dr.-Ing. Birgit Vogel- April 6, 2016 Heuser Dr.-Ing. Claudia Meis Flexibles Energiemanagement für hybride Nutzfahrzeuge Prof. Dr.-Ing. Markus Lienkamp April 7, 2016 Dr.-Ing. Benjamin Reuter Bewertung von Nachhaltigkeitsaspekten zur Rohstoff- und Prof. Dr.-Ing. Markus Lienkamp April 12, 2016 Technologieauswahl für Elektrofahrzeuge Dr.-Ing. Bin Wei Shape Morphing Skin Design with Applications on Mechanically Prof. Dr.-Ing. Horst Baier April 12, 2016 4GEQPƄIWTCDNG4GƅGEVQT#PVGPPCUCPF5CKNRNCPG9KPIU Dr.-Ing. Sebastian Osswald Approach and Method for Estimating the Development Effort of Prof. Dr.-Ing. Markus Lienkamp April 13, 2016 Automotive HMI Prototypes Dr.-Ing. Kassim Abdul-Sater Task-Based, Computer-Aided Kinematic Design of Spherically Prof. Dr. Tim Lüth April 14, 2016 Constrained Kinematic Chains Dr.-Ing. Matthias Wiedemann Validierung der Fahrsimulation für das Erleben und Beurteilen Prof. Dr. Klaus Bengler April 15, 2016 fahrdynamischer Eigenschaften Dr.-Ing. Stephanie Manner Validierung eines hybriden Sensornetzwerks im Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Hajek April 15, 2016 Hubschrauberrotorblatt Dr.-Ing. Robert Schenk REP Atomizer Engineering and UMo Fuel-Powder Fabrication Prof. Rafael Macian-Juan, Ph.D. April 21, 2016 Dr.-Ing. Jan Parlow Entwicklung einer Methode zum anforderungsgerechten Entwurf Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karsten Stahl April 25, 2016 von Stirnradgetrieben Dr.-Ing. Benedikt Neubauer Lastverteilung und Anregungsverhalten in Planeten- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karsten Stahl April 25, 2016 getriebesystemen Dr.-Ing. Robert Wesenjak Prognose des mechanischen Verhaltens von Dualphasen- Prof. Dr. Ewald Werner April 26, 2016 Stählen mit Hilfe eines mikromechanischen Finite Elemente Modells Dr.-Ing. Cyril Guinet Einsatz geschlossener Rezirkulationsgehäusestrukturierungen Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hanns-Jürgen April 29, 2016 in transsonischen Axialverdichtern Lichtfuß i.R. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Diepold Set Point and Trajectory Tracking of Constrained Systems in Prof. Dr.-Ing. Boris Lohmann April 29, 2016 Takagi-Sugeno Form Dr.-Ing. Florian Schöttl Komplexität in sozio-technischen Systemen – Methodik Prof. Dr.-Ing. Udo Lindemann May 2, 2016 für die komplexitätsgerechte Systemgestaltung in der Automobilproduktion Dr.-Ing. Markus Westermeier Qualitätsorientierte Analyse komplexer Prozessketten am Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gunther Reinhart May 3, 2016 Beispiel der Herstellung von Batteriezellen Dr.-Ing. Christoph Nitsch Dynamisches Betriebsverhalten von Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karsten Stahl May 9, 2016 Werkstoffverbundzahnrädern Dr.-Ing. Georg Tautschnig Auto-Ignition and Combustion of Fuel Jets in Vitiated Co-Flow Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas May 11, 2016 at Elevated Pressure Sattelmayer Dr.-Ing. Jens Bihr 7PVGTUWEJWPIFGU5EJYKPIWPIUXGTJCNVGPUXQPOGJTUVWƄIGP Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karsten Stahl May 17, 2016 Stirnradgetrieben unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Welle- Lager-Systems Dr.-Ing. Michael Brand )TWPFNCIGP\WT)GUVCNVWPIXQP*GCX[6QY$KCZKCN)GƅGEJVGP Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Drechsler May 19, 2016 mit variablen Eigenschaften Dr.-Ing. Oliver Schmitz Methodical Assessment of Electric Propulsion Systems for Prof. Dr.-Ing. Mirko Hornung May 25, 2016 Transport Category Aircraft Dr.-Ing. Wolfgang Bauer Planung und Entwicklung änderungsrobuster Plattform- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Udo Lindemann May 31, 2016 architekturen Dr.-Ing. Johann Wloka Experimentelle, numerische und motorische Charakterisierung Prof. Dr.-Ing. Georg June 14, 2016 der 3000 bar Dieseleinspritzung Wachtmeister Dr.-Ing. Laura Brandt Architekturgesteuerte Elektrik/Elektronik Baukastenentwicklung Prof. Dr.-Ing. Udo Lindemann June 16, 2016 im Automobil Dr.-Ing. Benjamin Braun High Performance Kalman Filter Tuning for Integrated Navigation Prof. Dr.-Ing. Florian Holzapfel June 16, 2016 Systems Dr.-Ing. Helena Hashemi Farzaneh Bio-inspired design: Ideation in collaboration between Prof. Dr.-Ing. Udo Lindemann June 16, 2016 mechanical engineers and biologists Dr.-Ing. Thorsten Klein Agiles Engineering im Maschinen- und Anlagenbau Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gunther Reinhart June 21, 2016 Dr.-Ing. Markus Wiedemann Methodik zur auslastungsorientierten Angebotsterminierung Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Zäh June 22, 2016 für hochvariante Produkte mit kundenindividuellen Leistungsanteilen Dr.-Ing. Alexander Morasch Mechanical characterization and modeling of extruded and Prof. Dr.-Ing. Horst Baier June 22, 2016 steel-wire-reinforced aluminum sections with respect to impact loading

Appendix 333 Name Topic Supervisor Date

Dr.-Ing. Sebastian Spirk Modulare vertikaldynamische Regelungskonzepte für ein hybrid Prof. Dr.-Ing. Boris Lohmann June 22, 2016 aktuiertes Fahrwerk Dr.-Ing. Sergio Delgado Londono Total Energy Shaping for Underactuated Mechanical Systems: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Boris Lohmann June 27, 2016 Dissipation and Nonholonomic Constraints Dr.-Ing. Carlo Sovardi +FGPVKƄECVKQPQH5QWPF5QWTEGUKP&WEV5KPIWNCTKVKGU Prof. Wolfgang Polifke, Ph.D. June 28, 2016 Dr.-Ing. Stefan Schurer 'KPƅWUUPKEJVOGVCNNKUEJGT'KPUEJNØUUGKPJQEJTGKPGP9GTMUVQHHGP Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karsten Stahl June 28, 2016 auf die Zahnfußtragfähigkeit Dr.-Ing. David Schultheiß Development and characterization of a thermally triggered, self- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Drechsler June 28, 2016 collapsible gypsum-based core material for hollow composite applications Dr.-Ing. Xun He Validation of the TRACE Code for the System Dynamic Prof. Rafael Macian-Juan, Ph.D. June 28, 2016 Simulations of the Molten Salt Reactor Experiment and the Preliminary Study on the Dual Fluid Molten Salt Reactor Dr.-Ing. Hans-Philipp Walther Erstellung eines phänomenologischen Verbrennungsmodells Prof. Dr.-Ing. June 30, 2016 zur Vorausberechnung des Brennverlaufs von Gasmotoren mit Georg Wachtmeister Piloteinspritzung Dr.-Ing. Daniel Leutz Forming simulation of AFP material layups: Material Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Drechsler July 1, 2016 characterization, simulation and validation Dr.-Ing. Rhena Helmus Out-of-Autoclave Prepregs: Stochastic Modelling of Void Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Drechsler July 1, 2016 Formation Dr.-Ing. Stefan Stückl Methods for the Design and Evaluation of Future Aircraft Prof. Dr.-Ing. Mirko Hornung July 1, 2016 Concepts Utilizing Electric Propulsion Systems Dr.-Ing. Fabio Pozzi CERN Radiation Protection (RP) calibration facilities Prof. Rafael Macian-Juan, Ph.D. July 1, 2016 Dr. rer. nat. Andreas Schmideder Kontinuierliche Bioprozessführung in miniaturisierten Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dirk Weuster-Botz July 1, 2016 Rührkesselreaktoren Dr.-Ing. Johannes Weinzierl .CTIG'FF[5KOWNCVKQPQH4GCEVKPI,GVUKP*QV%TQUUƅQYWPFGT Prof. Dr.-Ing. July 4, 2016 Atmospheric and Gas Turbine Conditions Thomas Sattelmayer Dr.-Ing. Andreas Hövelmann Analysis and Control of Partly-Developed Leading-Edge Vortices apl. Prof. Dr.-Ing. July 7, 2016 Christian Breitsamter Dr.-Ing. Maria Helms Biologische Publikationen als Ideengeber für das Lösen Prof. Dr.-Ing. Udo Lindemann July 8, 2016 technischer Probleme in der Bionik Dr. rer. nat. Eva Strillinger Herstellung von halophilen Enzymen mit Haloferax volcanii im Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dirk Weuster-Botz July 13, 2016 Rührkesselreaktor Dr.-Ing. Moritz Schulze Linear Stability Assessment of Cryogenic Rocket Engines Prof. Dr.-Ing. July 18, 2016 Thomas Sattelmayer Dr.-Ing. Michael Hertweck 'KPƅWUUFGT(NCOOGPRQUKVKQPCWHVTCPUXGTUCNGJQEJHTGSWGPVG Prof. Dr.-Ing. July 19, 2016 akustische Moden in zylindrischen Brennkammern Thomas Sattelmayer Dr.-Ing. Christoph Meier )GQOGVTKECNN[GZCEVƄPKVGGNGOGPVHQTOWNCVKQPUHQTUNGPFGT Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfgang Wall July 19, 2016 beams and their contact interaction Dr.-Ing. Markus Schatz Multicriteria Optimization of Fiber Composite Structures with Prof. Dr.-Ing. Horst Baier July 21, 2016 Respect to Structural Performance and Manufacturing Dr.-Ing. Jan Gumprecht Sonic-CT – Ein Medizingerät zur kontinuierlichen, transkutanen Prof. Dr. Tim Lüth July 22, 2016 Ultraschallbildgebung für minimal-invasive Eingriffe in der Urologie Dr. rer. nat. Sarah Hintermayer Charakterisierung der Anodenatmung von Pseudomonas putida Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dirk Weuster-Botz July 25, 2016 in Rührkesselreaktoren Dr.-Ing. Daniel Kasperek Structure-based System Dynamics Analysis of Engineering Prof. Dr.-Ing. Udo Lindemann July 26, 2016 Design Processes Dr.-Ing. Christian Seidel Finite-Elemente-Simulation des Aufbauprozesses beim Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Zäh July 28, 2016 Laserstrahlschmelzen Dr.-Ing. Jian Luo Conservative sharp interface methods for incompressible multi- PD Dr.-Ing. habil. Xiangyu Hu August 8, 2016 RJCUGƅQY

Dr.-Ing. Bernhard Brendle Eine Bewertung des CO2-Einsparpotentials durch Synergien Prof. Dr.-Ing. Markus Lienkamp August 11, 2016 zwischen Elektromobilität und Gebäudeenergiesystemen Dr.-Ing. Niclas Randt Aircraft Technology Assessment Using Fleet-Level Metrics Prof. Dr.-Ing. Mirko Hornung September 2, 2016 Dr.-Ing. David Rockel Zum Potenzial von additiven Fertigungsverfahren in zukünftigen Prof. Dr.-Ing. Oskar Haidn September 14, 2016 Triebwerksverdichtern Dr.-Ing. Daniel Kadach Stillstandsmarkierungen an Zahnrädern und deren Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karsten Stahl September 15, 2016 Auswirkungen auf die Flankentragfähigkeit Dr. rer. nat. Anna Groher Vergleichende reaktionstechnische Analyse verschiedener Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dirk Weuster-Botz September 23, 2016 acetogener Mikroorganismen zur Gasfermentation

334 Appendix Name Topic Supervisor Date

Dr.-Ing. Sebastian Wohlgemuth CO2-optimierter Antrieb eines Kleinfahrzeuges Prof. Dr.-Ing. September 26, 2016 Georg Wachtmeister Dr.-Ing. Michael Felbermaier 7PVGTUWEJWPIGP\WT)TCWƅGEMGPDKNFWPIWPFFGTGP'KPƅWUUCWH Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karsten Stahl October 4, 2016 die Grübchentragfähigkeit einsatzgehärteter Stirnräder Dr.-Ing. Harald Krauss Qualitätssicherung beim Laserstrahlschmelzen durch Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Zäh October 4, 2016 UEJKEJVYGKUGVJGTOQITCƄUEJG+P2TQEGUU¸DGTYCEJWPI Dr.-Ing. Kathrin Both Biotribology and biomechanics of articular cartilage Prof. Dr. Oliver Lieleg October 10, 2016 Dr.-Ing. Michael Niehues Adaptive Produktionssteuerung für Werkstattfertigungssysteme Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gunther Reinhart October 12, 2016 durch fertigungsbegleitende Reihenfolgebildung Dr.-Ing. Josef Greitemann /GVJQFKMHØTFKGU[UVGOCVKUEJG+FGPVKƄMCVKQPXQP Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gunther Reinhart October 13, 2016 Produktionstechnologien Dr.-Ing. Christiana Sehr Model based analysis of central metabolic pathways of Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Kremling October 13, 2016 Halomonas elongata Dr.-Ing. Sergey Prives 5[UVGOMQP\GRV\WT5VGKIGTWPINQIKUVKUEJGT'HƄ\KGP\KO Prof. Dr.-Ing. Willibald Günthner October 18, 2016 Lebensmitteleinzelhandel durch Einsatz intelligenter Behälter Dr.-Ing. Markus Kagerer Mikrofertigung und Mikromontage zur Herstellung eines Prof. Dr. Tim Lüth October 20, 2016 individuellen piezoelektrisch betriebenen Mikrotropfenerzeugers Dr.-Ing. Thomas Emmert State Space Modeling of Thermoacoustic Systems with Prof. Wolfgang Polifke, Ph.D. October 20, 2016 Application to Intrinsic Feedback Dr.-Ing. Robert Acuner Synchronisierungen mit Carbon-Reibwerkstoffen unter hohen Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karsten Stahl October 24, 2016 und extremen Beanspruchungen Dr.-Ing. Gregor Bloch An Experimental Study on Vertical Subcooled Flow Boiling Prof. Dr.-Ing. October 25, 2016 7PFGTVJG+PƅWGPEGQH6WTDWNGPEGCPF5GEQPFCT[(NQYU Thomas Sattelmayer Dr.-Ing. Guido Wortmann Investigating the Dynamic Response of Hybrid-Electric Prof. Dr.-Ing. Mirko Hornung October 27, 2016 Propulsion Systems for Flight Control Application Dr.-Ing. Stefan Grumbein /CVGTKCNRTQRGTVKGUQHDCEVGTKCNDKQƄNOU Prof. Dr. Oliver Lieleg October 28, 2016 Dr.-Ing. Franciscus van der Linden Gear contact modeling for system simulations and experimental Prof. dr ir Daniel Rixen November 3, 2016 investigation of gear contacts Dr.-Ing. Maximilian Blume +PVGTCMVKQPXQPHGUVUVQHHWPFICUIGHGWGTVGP&TCNNƅCOOGPKP Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hartmut Spliethoff November 4, 2016 Luft- und Oxyfuelatmosphären Dr.-Ing. Andreas Baumgartner Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Oxyfuel-Verbrennung Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hartmut Spliethoff November 4, 2016 Dr.-Ing. Bastian Schnepf 7PVGTUWEJWPIXQP'KPƅWUUHCMVQTGPCWHFKG7OUVTÒOWPIGKPGU PD Dr.-Ing. Thomas Indinger November 7, 2016 Pkw-Rades in Simulation und Experiment Dr.-Ing. Matthias Utschick Sicherheitskriterien für die vorgemischte Verbrennung Prof. Dr.-Ing. November 8, 2016 wasserstoffhaltiger Brennstoffe in Gasturbinen Thomas Sattelmayer Dr.-Ing. Thomas Atz Eine algorithmenbasierte Methode zur ganzheitlichen Prof. Dr.-Ing. Willibald Günthner November 10, 2016 Systemplanung automatischer Hochregallager Dr.-Ing. Richard Eckl Untersuchung und Bewertung von Technologien zur Prof. Dr.-Ing. Markus Lienkamp November 10, 2016 Reichweitensteuerung bei kleinen Elektrofahrzeugen Dr.-Ing. Felix Örley Numerical Simulation of Cavitating Flows in Diesel Injection Prof. Dr.-Ing. Nikolaus Adams November 14, 2016 Systems Dr.-Ing. Philipp Michaeli Methodik zur Entwicklung von Produktionsstrategien am Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gunther Reinhart November 14, 2016 Beispiel der Triebwerksindustrie Dr.-Ing. Christian Egerer Large-Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Cavitating Flows Prof. Dr.-Ing. Nikolaus Adams November 14, 2016 Dr.-Ing. Sebastian Deinert Shape and Sizing Optimization of Aircraft Structures with Prof. Dr.-Ing. Horst Baier i.R. November 15, 2016 Aeroelastic and Induced Drag Requirements Dr.-Ing. Yan Zhao Analyse und Unterstützung des Gangs bei Parkinson-Patienten Prof. Dr. Tim Lüth November 17, 2016 mittels eines tragbaren Systems Dr.-Ing. Andreas Hein Heritage Technologies in Space Programs – Assessment Prof. Dr. Ulrich Walter November 18, 2016 Methodology and Statistical Analysis Dr.-Ing. Klaus Seywald Impact of Aeroelasticity on Flight Dynamics and Handling Prof. Dr.-Ing. Florian Holzapfel November 21, 2016 3WCNKVKGUQH0QXGN#KTETCHV%QPƄIWTCVKQPU Dr.-Ing. Tobias Harbers Das Nassvliesverfahren als Lösungsalternative zum Recycling Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Drechsler November 23, 2016 von Reststoffen aus der Automobilindustrie – Beitrag zum Materialverständnis kohlenstofffaserbasierter Nassvliese Dr.-Ing. Christian Gold Modeling of Take-Over Performance in Highly Automated Prof. Dr. Klaus Bengler November 24, 2016 Vehicle Guidance Dr.-Ing. Lin Strobio Chen Scattering and Generation of Acoustic and Entropy Waves Prof. Wolfgang Polifke, Ph.D. November 24, 2016 across Moving and Fixed Heat Sources Dr.-Ing. Matthias Gürtler Situational Open Innovation – Enabling Boundary-Spanning Prof. Dr.-Ing. Udo Lindemann November 25, 2016 Collaboration in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises i.R.

Appendix 335 Name Topic Supervisor Date

Dr.-Ing. Yann Perin Development of a Multi-Physics, Multi-Scale simulation tool for Prof. Rafael Macian-Juan, Ph.D. November 25, 2016 LWR safety analysis Dr.-Ing. Sarah Brückner Industrielle Abwärme in Deutschland – Bestimmung von Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hartmut Spliethoff November 25, 2016 gesichertem Aufkommen und technischer bzw. wirtschaftlicher Nutzbarkeit Dr.-Ing. Markus Klevers +PVGITCVKQPXQP)COKƄECVKQPKP*CPFJCDWPIURTQ\GUUGCO Prof. Dr.-Ing. Willibald Günthner November 28, 2016 Beispiel der Kommissionierung Dr.-Ing. Korbinian Stadlberger Modelling and Performance Aspects of Coanda Flap Systems Prof. Dr.-Ing. Mirko Hornung November 30, 2016 Dr.-Ing. Thomas Berberich Subjektive Schwingungskomfortbewertung in einem Simulator Prof. Dr.-Ing. Markus Lienkamp December 1, 2016 Dr.-Ing. Thomas Lohner Berechnung von TEHD Kontakten und Einlaufverhalten von Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karsten Stahl December 2, 2016 Verzahnungen Dr.-Ing. Valerio Favot Hierarchical Joint Control of Humanoid Robots – Sensing, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Heinz Ulbrich i.R. December 6, 2016 Actuation and Communication Systems Dr.-Ing. Anh-Tu Vuong A Computational Approach to Coupled Poroelastic Media Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfgang Wall December 6, 2016 Problems Dr.-Ing. Holger Staack Charakterisierung des dynamischen Versagensverhaltens von Prof. Dr.-Ing. Horst Baier i.R. December 6, 2016 Kunststoffkomponenten im Fußgängerschutz von Fahrzeugen Dr.-Ing. Marcel Wagner Abbildung von transientem Produktverhalten in der Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gunther Reinhart December 9, 2016 Maschinenbelegungsplanung Dr.-Ing. Anna Reif Kondensation von Reinstoffen an horizontalen Rohren Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harald Klein December 9, 2016 Dr.-Ing. Manuela Ölmez Individuelle Unterstützung von Entscheidungsprozessen bei der Prof. Dr.-Ing. Udo Lindemann December 9, 2016 Entwicklung innovativer Produkte i.R. Dr.-Ing. Alexander Büchner Kondensation binärer Gemische an horizontalen Rohren Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harald Klein December 9, 2016 Dr.-Ing. Stefan Teufelhart Belastungsoptimiertes Design von Gitterstrukturen für Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gunther Reinhart December 13, 2016 die additive Fertigung nach dem bionischen Prinzip der MTCHVƅWUUIGTGEJVGP)GUVCNVWPI Dr.-Ing. Fabian Riß Funktions- und belastungsgerechte Auslegung additiv Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gunther Reinhart December 13, 2016 gefertigter Wabenkerne für Sandwichbauteile Dr.-Ing. Martin Dörnhöfer Entwicklung eines modularen Kennzahlensystems für die Prof. Dr.-Ing. Willibald Günthner December 14, 2016 Automobillogistik im Kontext der schlanken Logistik Dr.-Ing. Matthias Mayr A Monolithic Solver for Fluid-Structure Interaction with Adaptive Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Gee December 15, 2016 Time Stepping and a Hybrid Preconditioner Dr.-Ing. Eva-Maria Loew Analyse von Verbrennungsvorgängen im Prof. Dr.-Ing. December 15, 2016 selbstzündungsdominierten Regime mittels Mischungsstatistik Thomas Sattelmayer Dr.-Ing. Jonas Biehler 'HƄEKGPV7PEGTVCKPV[3WCPVKƄECVKQPHQT.CTIG5ECNG Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfgang Wall December 15, 2016 Biomechanical Models Using a Bayesian Multi-Fidelity Approach Dr.-Ing. Rainer Ertl 'PGTIKGDGFCTHUGTOKVVNWPIWPF'PGTIKGGHƄ\KGP\DGYGTVWPIXQP Prof. Dr.-Ing. Willibald Günthner December 16, 2016 Regalbediengeräten in automatischen Kleinteilelagern Dr. rer. nat. Andrea Meo (geb. Reaktionstechnische Charakterisierung der Lipidherstellung aus Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dirk Weuster-Botz December 16, 2016 Weber) verdünnten Zuckergemischen mit Trichosporon oleaginosus Dr.-Ing. Jacopo Ventura Autonomous Proximity Operations for Noncooperative Space Prof. Dr. Ulrich Walter December 16, 2016 Target Dr.-Ing. Christian Zwerger 0WOGTKECNKPXGUVKICVKQPQHVJGƅQYƄGNFCTQWPFCFGNVCYKPI Prof. Dr.-Ing. Nikolaus Adams December 19, 2016 Dr.-Ing. Andreas Roth Modellierung des Rührreibschweißens unter besonderer Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Zäh December 21, 2016 Berücksichtigung der Spalttoleranz Dr.-Ing. Ludwig-Wilhelm Drees Predictive Analysis: Quantifying Operational Airline Risks Prof. Dr.-Ing. Florian Holzapfel December 21, 2016 Dr.-Ing. Tobias Strobl Modellbasierter Entwurf eines hybriden Systemansatzes zur Prof. Dr.-Ing. Mirko Hornung December 21, 2016 'KUGPVHGTPWPIXQPFGP1DGTƅÀEJGPGKPGT(NWI\GWIMQPƄIWTCVKQP

336 Appendix

Technical University of Munich Department of Mechanical Engineering

Boltzmannstrasse 15 85748 Garching near Munich Germany www.mw.tum.de

You can reach the Garching Research Centre (Garching-Forschungszentrum) using the U6 undergroung line (get off at ‘Garching-Forschungszentrum’), the bus lines 230 and 690 as well as via the A9 motorway (take the ‘Garching Nord’ exit) and the B11 federal highway. Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße

Am Coulombwall

Freisinger Landstraße

Lichtenbergstraße

Walter-Meißner-Straße

A9 Garching Nord

Boltzmannstraße Ludwig-Prandtl-Straße

Appendix 339