(Monogenea) from Fishes of Iraq

Basrah J. Agric. Sci., 26 (Special Issue 1), 2013

Checklists of Gyrodactylus Species (Monogenea) from Fishes of Iraq

Furhan T. Mhaisen1 and Kefah N. Abdul-Ameer2

1 Tegnervägen 6B, Katrineholm 641 36, Sweden 2 Department of Biology, College of Education (Ibn Al-Haitham), University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract. Surveying the literature concerning the occurrence of the monogeneans of the genus Gyrodactylus parasitizing fishes of Iraq indicated that there are 25 nominated species of this genus on 29 fish species. These are: G. baicalensis, G. barbi, G. ctenopharyngodontis, G. cyprini, G. derjavini, G. elegans, G. gobioninum, G. gussevi, G. katharineri, G. kherulensis, G. lavareti, G. longoacuminatus, G. macracanthus, G. malmbergi, G. markevitschi, G. medius, G. menschikowi, G. molnari, G. aff. mugili, G. salaris, G. shulmani, G. sprostonae, G. taimeni, G. vicinus and G. vimbi. All these species infected freshwater fishes, except G. aff. mugili which infected two marine fishes found in brackish waters. In addition to these species, some unidentified specimens of this genus were reported from 15 fish hosts among which five fish species showed no infection with any of the above nominated species of Gyrodactylus while the others showed mixed infection. Such unidentified Gyrodactylus species were recorded from 12 freshwater fishes as well as three marine fishes found within the freshwaters of Basrah province. Among Gyrodactylus species, number of hosts ranged from one host for 15 Gyrodactylus species to a maximum of 23 hosts in case of G. elegans. The distribution of the infection ranged from one parasite species in 14 fish hosts to a maximum infection with 21 Gyrodactylus species in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio).

Key words: Monogenea, Gyrodactylus, freshwater fishes, marine fishes, Iraq.

Introduction Monogeneans are small hermaphroditic worms that parasitize fishes and other aquatic animals. They infect fins, skin and gills of freshwater and marine fishes (59). The Class Monogenea includes 62 families, of which the family Gyrodactylidae has 34 genera. Among these genera, the genus Gyrodactylus has 518 nominated species of which 416 are valid species (91). However, number of Gyrodactylus species varies with varying references.

Gyrodactylids are amongst the smallest monogeneans and some are similar in size to oncomiracidium larvae (200mm). The fusiform body has a posterior opisthaptor armed with 16 marginal hooks and a pair of median hooks. Anteriorly, two conspicuous cephalic processes bearing adhesive glands are apparent with no eye spots. The transparent body is dominated by the F1 generation embryo curled within the uterus (50). They are remarkable in that they give birth to live young, which already have a developing embryo, in a ‘Russian doll’ arrangement (58). Gyrodactylids feed on mucus, epithelium and sometimes blood (66). Secondary infections of the epidermal lesions with bacteria or fungi may also play a significant role in the pathogenicity of

Basrah J. Agric. Sci., 26 (Special Issue 1), 2013

Gyrodactylus (58). The pathogenicity of G. salaris on some strains of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar became clear in the early 1970s, when this parasite was introduced into Norway with juvenile Atlantic salmon imported from Sweden for aquaculture (94).

In Iraq, the first gyrodactylid species, G. elegans, was reported from both Cyprinus carpio and Liza abu (21). Later on, extensive investigation on fish parasites from different parts of Iraq revealed the record of 24 additional species. These included G. baicalensis (98), G. kherulensis (27), G. markevitschi (1); G. ctenopharyngodontis (84), G. malmbergi, G. medius, G. paralatus (= G. macracanthus), G. salaris, G. sprostonae and G. vicinus (43); G. gussevi (4); G. vimbi (71), G. derjavini and G. menschikowi (44), G. barbi, G. cyprini, G. gobioninum and G. longoacuminatus (75), G. lavareti (2), G. taimeni (3), G. molnari (8), G. katharineri and G. shulmani (93) and G. aff. mugili (74).

Information concerning gyrodactylids infecting fishes of Iraq are scattered in different local scientific journals, M. Sc. and Ph. D. theses as well as in few conference abstracts. Some of such parasites have been misidentified or given with wrong authorities and some parasite names are misspelled. Some of the infected fishes were given in synonymous names. For these reasons, it was decided to review these data in accordance with list of fishes of Iraq (57) and with up-to-date fish scientific names (61), to correct scientific names and authorities of the concerned gyrodactylids according to some major taxonomical references and a web site (62, 96, 91), and to provide a host- gyrodactylid checklist.

Sources and Methods A total of 83 references (research papers, conference abstracts and M. Sc. and Ph. D. theses) dealing with gyrodactylids of fishes of Iraq were used to prepare the present review and checklists. Data from such references was gathered to provide gyrodactylid list and host- gyrodactylid list. Names and authorities of these gyrodactylids are checked with the list of nominal species of Gyrodactylus (64) as well as with two taxonomical accounts (62, 96) and the well known specialized electronic sites (99, 91). For fishes, the scientific names were reported as they appeared in their original references and then checked with the recent account on freshwater fishes of Iraq (57). However, the valid names used here were based, with minor modifications, on a relevant electronic site (61).

Results and Discussion Surveys Achieved on Gyrodactylids of Fishes in Iraq The review of available literature indicated that since the first published account on fish parasites of Iraq (65) up till the first checklist of fish parasites of Iraq (78), no any gyrodactylid species was present from fishes of Iraq. Starting from 1984, when the first gyrodactylid species (G. elegans) was reported from two fish species (21) up to the present time, many surveys were achieved in different inland waters and fish farms and ponds which contributed in recording gyrodactylids from fishes of Iraq. These surveys

Basrah J. Agric. Sci., 26 (Special Issue 1), 2013 can be grouped into nine major categories according to localities of inspected fishes. These are:

1- Tigris River (26, 1, 56, 83, 10, 30, 31, 47) as well as some tributaries of Tigris River which included Greater and Lesser Zab rivers (4, 7), Lesser Zab River (75, 76, 93) and Diyala River (24, 25, 55, 87, 37).

2- Euphrates River and its branches (85, 15, 38, 44, 68).

3- Garmat Ali River, Basrah (70, 39, 72, 29) and Al-Salihiya River, Basrah (29).

4- Some lakes, depressions and marshes: These included surveys from Al- Tharthar region (73), Hemrin Dam Lake (54), Darbandikhan Lake (6, 8), Al-Qadisiya Dam Lake (49, 52), Al-Habbaniya Lake (82), Bahr Al-Najaf Depression (14, 16), Ibn- Najim Marsh (17, 63) and Al-Hammar Marsh (71).

5- Some drainage networks (51, 52, 47, 88).

6- Shatt Al-Arab Estuary in southern Iraq and Shatt Al-Basrah Canal (74).

7- Fish hatcheries (98, 80, 20, 32, 33, 75, 76).

8- Fish ponds and farms which included some from Kurdistan region (20, 5), Samarra region (73), man-made lakes at Al-Nibaey, north of Baghdad (23, 9), Al- Amiriya region, Baghdad (73, 34, 35), Al-Zaafaraniya Fish Farm, south of Baghdad (21, 19, 11, 12, 90, 13, 97, 48), some fish farms at Al-Medaen, south of Baghdad (48), Al-Wahda fish Farm at Al-Suwairah (98), Al-Latifiyah Fish Farm (21, 98, 89), two private sector fish farms at Al-Latifiyah region (89), Al-Furat Fish Farm, which was previously known as Babylon fish farm (27, 84, 79, 86, 43, 28, 41, 81, 42, 45, 18, 46), Al-Shark Al-Awsat fish farm, Babylon province (92, 67, 69), Technical Institte of Al- Mussayab Fish Farm (36), Earthern ponds at Saddat Al-Hindia district, Babylon province (40), Al-Aziziyah Fish Farm of Wasit Governorate (86) and Al-Dorah Fish Farm of Diyala Governorate (86) in addition to some floating cages at Al-Habbaniya Lake (22) and at Shatt Al-Hilla (40).

9- Some fish markets at Baghdad (41, 81, 42, 77, 2, 3).

Gyrodactylids Recorded from Fishes in Iraq The review of literature indicated that a total of 25 nominated Gyrodactylus species are so far known from fishes of Iraq as well as some unidentified specimens of this genus. The following is an alphabetical list of such parasites. Gyrodactylid names and authorities are checked according to some major taxonomical accounts and web sites (62, 64, 96, 99, 91). The alphabetically arranged names of hosts for each parasite are quoted as they appeared in their original literature but the valid names have been updated according to Froese & Pauly (61) and the full authority of each valid fish host is shown in the host-gyrodactylid list. References of the records for each host within

Basrah J. Agric. Sci., 26 (Special Issue 1), 2013 each gyrodactylid species are chronologically arranged but references of the same year are alphabetically arranged.

1- Gyrodactylus baicalensis Bogolepova, 1950: This parasite was recorded for the first time in Iraq from C. carpio from Al-Wahda Fish Farm at Al-Suwaira and from Al-Latifiyah Fish Farm (98). Now, it has eight hosts. These are: Acanthobrama centisquama (52), Barbus sharpeyi, which is a synonym of Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi (85, 49, 68), Carasobarbus luteus (23), Carassius auratus (47, 48), Chondrostom regium (83), Cyprinion macrostomum (23, 9), C. carpio (98, 22, 79, 80, 43, 11, 12, 49, 90, 28, 87, 52, 48, 77, 75, 76) and L. abu (83, 90, 53).

2- Gyrodactylus barbi Ergens, 1976: This parasite was recorded for the first time in Iraq from C. carpio from Ainkawa fish hatchery, Erbil (75, 76). No more records for this parasite in Iraq are available.

3- Gyrodactylus ctenopharyngodontis Ling in Gusev, 1962: This parasite was recorded for the first time in Iraq from Ctenopharyngodon idella from Babylon (= Al-Furat) Fish Farm (84). It was then recorded only from the same fish of the same farm (43). It is appropriate to indicate here that the authority of this parasite was quoted as Lin, 1962 by the former reference (84) and as Ling, 1962 by the latter reference (43). Worldwide, PESI (95) quoted the authority as Ling, 1962, while MonoDB (91) quoted it as Ling Mo En, 1962 and Shin et al. (99) quoted it as Ling Mo- En, 1962. However, according to the personal communication between the senior author of this article and Dr. David I. Gibson of the British Museum (Natural History), it was decided to follow Harris et al. (64) who stated the authority as Ling in Gusev, 1962. Also, this parasite was quoted as G. ctenopharyngodonis instead of G. ctenopharyngodontis by some sources (96, 60).

4- Gyrodactylus cyprini Diarova, 1964: This parasite was recorded for the first time in Iraq from C. carpio from Ainkawa fish hatchery, Erbil (75, 76). No more records for this parasite in Iraq are available.

5- Gyrodactylus derjavini Mikhailov, 1975 This parasite was recorded for the first time in Iraq from Aspius vorax from Hilla River (44). The authority of G. derjavini was given as Mikailov, 1975 by the researcher (44). No more records for this parasite are available.

6- Gyrodactylus elegans Nordmann, 1832: This parasite was recorded for the first time in Iraq from fingerlings of C. carpio at Al- Zaafaraniya Fish Farm and L. abu from Al-Latifiya Fish Farm (21). Now, it has 23 hosts. These are: A. centisquama (26), A. marmid (83), Alburnus orontis (38), A. vorax (49), Barbus belayewi, which is a synonym of Capoeta damascina (30), Barbus esocinus, which is a synonym of Luciobarbus esocinus (49, 31), Barbus grypus (24, 25, 73), B. luteus, which is a synonym of C. luteus (14, 49, 90, 34, 97, 28, 53, 15, 16), B. sharpeyi, which is a synonym of M. sharpeyi (73, 85, 97, 28, 87, 37), B. xanthopterus, which is a synonym of Luciobarbus xanthopterus (24, 25, 28), Capoeta trutta (93), C.

Basrah J. Agric. Sci., 26 (Special Issue 1), 2013 auratus (47, 48), C. carassius (88), C. regium (83, 56, 87), C. idella (98, 43, 28), C. macrostomum (28, 68), C. carpio (21, 19, 98, 73, 79, 86, 89, 43, 10, 11, 12, 49, 90, 54, 92, 97, 55, 4, 20, 28, 41, 51, 87, 37, 47, 52, 88, 5, 7, 48, 6, 81, 42, 32, 36, 38, 33, 77, 40, 75, 76, 8), Garra rufa (83, 51), Heteropneustes fossilis (26, 56, 14, 16), Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (90, 28), L. abu (21, 19, 83, 14, 90, 34, 87, 15, 35, 88, 38, 16), Mastacembelus mastacembelus (82) and Silurus triostegus (31).

The rather long list of hosts recorded for G. elegans in Iraq comes in agreement with the statement that G. elegans represents one of the most widely cited Gyrodactylus species in the world and many host records are erroneous (64).

7- Gyrodactylus gobioninum Gusev, 1955: This parasite was recorded for the first time in Iraq from C. carpio from Lesser Zab River (75, 76). No more records for this parasite in Iraq are available.

8- Gyrodactylus gussevi Ling, 1962: This parasite was recorded for the first time in Iraq from H. fossilis from Greater Zab River (4, 7). Later on, it was reported only from the same fish from Euphrates River at Al-Musaib city (38). All the above references (4, 7, 38) quoted the authority of this species as Ling Mo-En, 1962 but the authority of Ling, 1962, used here, follows Harris et al. (64) and the personal correspondence with Dr. D. I. Gibson.

9- Gyrodactylus katharineri Malmberg, 1964: This parasite was recorded for the first time in Iraq from C. carpio from Lesser Zab River (93). No more records for this parasite in Iraq are available. According to personal communication with Prof. Phil Harris of the Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, the scientific name was erroneously given as G. katherineri by MonoDB (91).

10- Gyrodactylus kherulensis Ergens, 1974: This parasite was recorded for the first time in Iraq from C. carpio from Babylon (now Al-Furat) fish Farm (27). Now, it has three hosts in Iraq. These are: C. idella (43), C. carpio (27, 43, 11, 12, 75, 76) and S. triostegus (8).

11-Gyrodactylus lavareti Malmberg, 1957: This parasite was recorded for the first time in Iraq from C. carpio from different fish markets in Baghdad city (2). No more records for this parasite in Iraq are available.

12- Gyrodactylus longoacuminatus Zitnan, 1964: This parasite was recorded for the first time in Iraq from C. carpio from Ainkawa fish hatchery, Erbil (75, 76). No more records for this parasite in Iraq are available.

13- Gyrodactylus macracanthus Hukuda, 1940: This parasite was recorded as G. paralatus Gussev, 1955 from both C. carpio and H. molitrix from Babylon (= Al-Furat) Fish Farm (43). Later on, it was reported, also as G. paralatus, only from H. molitrix (6). G. paralatus is a synonym of G. macracanthus

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(62, 96). According to Harris et al. (64), G. paralatus is a mixture of G. micracanthus Hukuda, 1940 and G. macracanthus Hukuda, 1940.

14- Gyrodactylus malmbergi Ergens, 1961: This parasite was recorded for the first time in Iraq from both C. carpio and H. molitrix from Babylon (= Al-Furat) Fish Farm (43). No more records for this parasite in Iraq are available.

15- Gyrodactylus markevitschi Kulakovskaya, 1952: This parasite was recorded for the first time in Iraq from Varicorhinus trutta, which is a synonym of Capoeta trutta, from Tigris River at Baiji town, Salah Al-Dien province (1). The specific name was given as markewitschi and the authority as Kulakoaya by the same researcher (1). Now, it has five hosts. These are: Aphanius dispar (72), B. grypus (38), C. trutta (1), Cyprinion kais (38) and C. carpio (43, 67, 38, 69, 40).

16- Gyrodactylus medius Kathariner, 1895: This parasite was recorded for the first time in Iraq from C. carpio from Babylon (= Al- Furat) Fish Farm (43). The year of authority of this parasite was erroneously given as 1893 instead of 1895 by the four concerned references (43, 4, 7, 38). Also, the authorship of this parasite was given as Katheriner instead of Kathariner (91). Now, this species has two hosts in Iraq. These are B. luteus, which is a synonym of C. luteus (38) and C. carpio (43, 4, 7).

17- Gyrodactylus menschikowi Gvosdev, 1950: This parasite was recorded for the first time in Iraq from both C. carpio and L. abu from Hilla River (44). Later on, it was recorded only from C. carpio (40).

18- Gyrodactylus molnari Ergens, 1978: This parasite was recorded for the first time in Iraq from both C. carpio from Darbandikhan Lake (8). No more records for this parasite in Iraq are available.

19- Gyrodactylus aff. mugili Zhukov, 1970: This parasite was recorded from Chelon subviridis from the brackish waters of Shatt Al-Arab Estuary near Al-Fao town and from Valamugil speigleri near the dam on the Shatt Al-Basrah Canal (74). This is the only Gyrodactylus species which was so far recorded from marine fishes of Iraq within the brackish waters of Basrah province.

20- Gyrodactylus salaris Malmberg 1957: This parasite was recorded for the first time in Iraq from C. carpio from Babylon (= Al- Furat) Fish Farm (43). Later on, it was reported only from the same host and the same fish farm (28). Both researchers (43, 28) reported the year of authority of this parasite as 1956 instead of 1957.

21- Gyrodactylus shulmani Ling, 1962: This parasite was recorded for the first time in Iraq from C. carpio from Lesser Zab River (93). No more records for this parasite in Iraq are available. The authorship of

Basrah J. Agric. Sci., 26 (Special Issue 1), 2013 this parasite was given as Ling Mo En (99, 91) but according to the personal communication with Dr. David I. Gibson), it was decided to follow Harris et al. (64) who stated the authority as Ling, 1962.

22- Gyrodactylus sprostonae Ling, 1962: This parasite was recorded for the first time in Iraq from C. carpio from Babylon (= Al- Furat) Fish Farm (43). Now, it has six hosts in Iraq. These are: A. orontis (38), C. auratus (8), C. carassius (38), Chalcalburnus sellal, which is asynonym of Alburnus sellal (38), C. kais (38) and C. carpio (43, 8). The authorship of this parasite was given as Ling Mo En (99, 91) but according to the personal communication with Dr. David I. Gibson), it was decided to follow Harris et al. (64) who stated the authority as Ling, 1962.

23- Gyrodactylus taimeni Ergens, 1971: This parasite was recorded for the first time in Iraq from C. carpio from different fish markets in Baghdad city (3). No more records for this parasite in Iraq are available.

24- Gyrodactylus vicinus Bychowsky, 1957: This parasite was recorded for the first time in Iraq from C. carpio from Babylon (= Al- Furat) Fish Farm (43). Now, it has three hosts in Iraq. These are: B. luteus, which is a synonym of C. luteus (34), C. carpio (43, 4, 7, 75, 76, 18) and L. abu (34, 35). The authorship of this parasite was given as Bykhovskii by all the above Iraqi references.

25- Gyrodactylus vimbi Shulman, 1954: This parasite was recorded for the first time in Iraq from S. triostegus from Al-Hammar marsh (71). The researcher (71) reported the year of authority of this parasite as Shul’man, 1953 instead of Shulman, 1954. No more records for this parasite in Iraq are available.

Unidentified Gyrodactylus species:

In addition to the above mentioned nominated gyrodactylids, there are other records of gyrodactylids in Iraq which were unidentified to the species rank. These included the records from 15 fish hosts which included A. marmid (29), Acanthopagrus latus (29), Alburnus mossulensis (29), A. vorax (29), B. luteus, which is a synonym of C. luteus (17, 29), B. sharpeyi which is a synonym of M. sharpeyi (55), C. auratus (17, 29), C. kais (17), C. macrostomum (19), C. carpio (13, 45, 46), L. abu (70, 39, 29), Liza subviridis, which is a synonym of Chelon subviridis (70, 39), S. triostegus (71), Tenualosa ilisha (29) and Tilapia zillii (17, 63). It is appropriate to mention that the all the unidentified gyrodactylids mentioned here were recorded from freshwater fishes of Iraq, except specimens from A. latus, L. subviridis (= Chelon subviridis) and T. ilisha which were recorded from marine fishes while entering freshwaters of Basrah province (70, 39, 29).

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Fish-Gyrodactylid List: The following list shows which gyrodactylids are so far recorded from fishes of Iraq. Fish scientific names, both valid and synonymous, are alphabetically arranged. The full authorities of the valid hosts only are also cited according to Froese & Pauly (61). Gyrodactylid species reported from each valid fish species, together with gyrodactylids of fish synonym (when applicable) were gathered within the valid host and also alphabetically arranged. To minimize the size of this article, references for each gyrodactylid species from each host are not provided here. Such references can be easily obtained from the relevant gyrodactylid species mentioned earlier in this paper.

Acanthobrama centisquama Heckel, 1843: G. baicalensis and G. elegans. Acanthobrama marmid Heckel, 1843: G. elegans and Gyrodactylus sp. Acanthopagrus latus (Houttuyn, 1782): Gyrodactylus sp. Alburnus mossulensis Heckel, 1843: Gyrodactylus sp. Alburnus orontis Sauvage, 1882: G. elegans and G. sprostonae. Alburnus sellal Heckel, 1843, reported as Chalcalburnus sellal: G. sprostonae. Aphanius dispar (Rüppell, 1829): G. markevitschi. Aspius vorax Heckel, 1843: G. derjavini, G. elegans and Gyrodactylus sp. Barbus belayewi: See Capoeta damascina. Barbus esocinus: See Luciobarbus esocinus. Barbus grypus Heckel, 1843: G. elegans and G. markevitschi. Barbus luteus: See Carasobarbus luteus. Barbus sharpeyi: See Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi. Barbus xanthopterus: See Luciobarbus xanthopterus. Capoeta damascina (Valenciennes, 1842), reported as B. belayewi: G. elegans. Capoeta trutta (Heckel, 1843), also reported as Varicorhinus trutta: G. elegans and G. markevitschi. Carasobarbus luteus (Heckel, 1843), also reported as Barbus luteus: G. baicalensis, G. elegans, G. medius, G. vicinus and Gyrodactylus sp. Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758): G. baicalensis, G. elegans, G. sprostonae, Gyrodactylus sp. Carassius carassius (Linnaeus, 1758): G. elegans and G. sprostonae. Chalcalburnus sellal: See Alburnus sellal. Chelon subviridis, also reported as Liza subviridis: Gyrodactylus aff. mugili and Gyrodactylus sp. Chondrostoma regium (Heckel, 1843): G. baicalensis and G. elegans. Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844): G. ctenopharyngodontis, G. elegans and G. kherulensis. Cyprinion kais Heckel, 1843: G. markevitschi, G. sprostonae and Gyrodactylus sp. Cyprinion macrostomum Heckel, 1843: G. baicalensis, G. elegans and Gyrodactylus sp. Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758: G. baicalensis, G. barbi, G. cyprini, G. elegans, G. gobioninum, G. katharineri, G. kherulensis, G. lavareti, G. longoacuminatus, G. macracanthus (reported as G. paralatus), G. malmbergi, G. markevitschi, G.

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medius, G. menschikowi, G. molnari, G. salaris, G. shulmani, G. sprostonae, G. taimeni, G. vicinus and Gyrodactylus sp. Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843): G. elegans. Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794): G. elegans and G. gussevi. Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844): G. elegans, G. macracanthus (reported as G. paralatus) and G. malmbergi. Liza abu (Heckel, 1843): G. baicalensis, G. elegans, G. menschikowi, G. vicinus and Gyrodactylus sp. Luciobarbus esocinus Heckel, 1843, reported as B. esocinus: G. elegans. Luciobarbus xanthopterus Heckel, 1843, reported as B. xanthopterus: G. elegans. Mastacembelus mastacembelus (Banks & Solander, 1794): G. elegans. Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi (Günther, 1874), reported as B. sharpeyi: G. baicalensis, G. elegans and Gyrodactylus sp. Silurus triostegus Heckel, 1843: G. elegans, G. kherulensis, G. vimbi and Gyrodactylus sp. Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822): Gyrodactylus sp. Tilapia zillii (Gervais, 1848): Gyrodactylus sp. Valamugil speigleri (Bleeker, 1858): Gyrodactylus aff. mugili. Varicorhinus trutta: See Capoeta trutta.

Acknowledgements Thanks are due to Dr. David I. Gibson of the British Museum (Natural History), London and Prof. Phil Harris of the Natural History Museum, University of Oslo for providing us with valuable information on some of the gyrodactylids. Special thanks are due to anonymous reviewers for their suggestions to improve this manuscript. Sincere thanks are due to Dr. Khalidah Al-Niaeem of the University of Basrah for her technical assistance.

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قوائم مرجعية ألنواع الجنس Gyrodactylus )صنف أحادية المنشأ( من أسماك العراق

فرحان ضمد محيسن1 وكفاح ناصر عبداألمير6

1 بناية 6B، 36 641 كاتريناهولم، السويد 2 قسم علوم الحياة، كلية التربية )إبن الهيثم(، جامعة بغداد، بغداد، العراق e-mail: [email protected]

الخالصة. أظهر مسح المصادر المتعلقة بظهور الديدان أحادية المنشأ العائدة للجنس Gyrodactylus المتطفلة على أسماك العراق وجود 22 نوعا من هذا الجنس على 22 نوعا من األسماك. وهذه الطفيليات هي: G. cyprini ،G. ctenopharyngodontis ،G. barbi ،G. baicalensis، G. ،G. lavareti ،G. kherulensis ،G. katharineri ،G. gussevi ،G. gobioninum ،G. elegans ،G. derjavini G. molnari ،G. menschikowi ،G. medius ،G. markevitschi ،G. malmbergi ،G. macracanthus ،longoacuminatus، G. vicinus ،G. taimeni ،G. sprostonae ،G. shulmani ،G. salaris ،G. aff. mugili و G. vimbi. أصابت كل هذه األنواع أسماك المياه العذبة، ماعدا النوع G. aff. mugili الذي أصاب نوعين من األسماك البحرية المتواجدة في المياه الشروب. وباإلضافة لتلك األنواع وردت بعض النماذج غير المشخصة من هذا الجنس على 12 مضيّفا سمكيا من بينها خمسة أنواع من األسماك لم تظهر بها أية إصابة بأي من األنواع المشخصة من ذلك الجنس، بينما أظهرت بقية األسماك إصابات مزدوجة. وسجلت هذه األنواع غير المشخصة من 12 نوعا من أسماك المياه العذبة وثالثة أنواع من األسماك البحرية المتواجدة في المياه العذبة في محافظة البصرة. تراوح عدد مضيفات األنواع العائدة لهذا الجنس من مضيف واحد في حالة 12 نوعا من هذا الجنس إلى أقصى عدد وهو 22 مضيفا بالنسبة للنوع G. elegans. وتباين توزيع اإلصابة بنوع طفيلي واحد في حالة 11 مضيّفا سمكيا إلى إصابة قصوى بـ 21 نوعا من هذا الجنس في الكارب اإلعتيادي Cyprinus carpio.