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Growth and Reproductive Biology of Capoeta Damascina (Valenciennes, 1842) from a Tributary of Tigris

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Growth and Reproductive Biology of Capoeta Damascina (Valenciennes, 1842) from a Tributary of Tigris Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 14(4) 956-969 2015 Growth and reproductive biology of Capoeta damascina (Valenciennes, 1842) from a tributary of Tigris Bahrami Kamangar B.1*; Ghaderi E.2; Hoseinpour H.3 Received: October 2013 Accepted: July 2015 Abstract Growth and reproductive attributes were determined for Capoeta damascina, an endemic fish species from west of Iran. A total of 147 specimens of both sexes were sampled monthly from November 2008 to October 2009. The overall sex ratio was female biased. Males were aged 0-4 years and females 0-5 years. The von Bertalanffy -1 growth parameters were estimated as; Linf=34.81 cm, k=0.27 year , t0=-0.65 for males -1 plus unsexed samples, Linf =46.29 cm, k=0.22 year , t0 =-0.59 for females plus unsexed -1 samples and Linf =67.52 cm, k=0.12 year , t0=-0.79 for whole samples. The length- weight relationships were W=0.021L2.815 for males, W=0.022L2.824 for females and W=0.020L2.836 for combined sexes, all of which exhibited a negative allometric growth. Spawning season started in May, ascending to June and ended in July for both sexes. Length at 50% maturity was estimated as 12.35 cm for males and 15.14 cm for females. Fecundity ranged from 1551 (2 years old) to 20523 (5 years old) eggs per fish. Losing of large individuals and decreasing in size at first maturity were observed in the studied population compared to data reported from other C. damascina populations, which could reflect an effect of overexploitation. Keywords: Capoeta damascina, Growth, Reproduction, West of Iran. 1-Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, 66177-15175, Iran. 2-Fish Biology Laboratory, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, 66177-15175, Iran. 3-Fisheries Administration of Kurdistan, Department of Aquaculture, Sanandaj, 66169-35383, Iran. * Corresponding author's Email: [email protected] 957 Bahrami Kamangar et al., Growth and reproductive biology of … Introduction Reservoir fishery. The mean annual fish The fishes belonging to the genus capture from the Gheshlagh Reservoir Capoeta are well distributed in is about 170 metric tons which include southwest Asia and consist of about both exotic and endemic species. twenty species of which seven occur in Presence of exotic species and Iran (Coad, 2013). C. damascina is a overfishing can negatively affect common species in most drainage reproductive and growth biology of basins of Iran (Coad, 1998). This fishes. Therefore, the aim of this study species is endemic and also abundant in were to determine growth and most rivers of the Tigris basin in the reproductive properties of C. Kurdistan Province, West of Iran. It is damascina from one of the tributaries caught by people for consumption and of Tigris basin and to compare them sport fishing purposes. Growth and with those reported from other basins, reproductive biology information on and to achieve a key step toward better natural fish stocks are not only essential fisheries management and conservation for proper stock management but also programs for this species. for economical purposes. The information about growth and Materials and methods reproductive biology of C. damascina The samples were collected monthly are subjected to a few researches from Gheshlagh Reservoir and the (Stoumboudi et al., 1993; Fishelson et upstream of Gheshlagh River from al., 1996; Soofiani and Asadollah, November 2008 to October 2009. Gill- 2010; Asadollah et al., 2011). However, nets (20–30 mm mesh size) and cast these features could be affected by nets (20 mm mesh size) were used for ecological, geographical, climatic sampling depending on the site conditions and/or by fisheries location. Body weight (W) and gonad management. Gheshlagh River is a weight (Wg) were measured to the tributary of the Tigris basin which nearest 0.01 grams. Fork length (L) was originates from the north of Sanandaj, also measured to the nearest 1.0 mm. Iran. The Gheshlagh am 35 25 , Age was determined using the annuli 46 59 E) was built on this river in numbers on the scales (Biswas, 1993). 1979. The reservoir of Gheshlagh Dam The age of specimens with is located 12 Km away from the north uncompleted annuli rings was assigned of Sanandaj. Ten endemic and nine as less than one year (0+). The sample exotic fish species were reported from with one completed ring on the scale this reservoir (Bahrami Kamangar et considered as more than one year old al., 2012). Cyprinus carpio, but less than two years old (1+) and so Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, H. on for additional annuli rings. The nobilis and Ctenopharyngodon idella relationship of length - weight was were transplanted to Gheshlagh system calculated separately for each sex and in order to enhance the Gheshlagh for combined sexes, using the equation: Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 14(4) 2015 958 W = aLb, where W, L, a and b are the with the aid of a microscope for large total weight, the total length, coefficient and small specimens, respectively. The related to body form and an exponent maturity stages were classified as six indicating isometric growth when equal stages as: stage I; immature or virgin, to 3, respectively (Le Cren, 1951). The stage II; maturity virgin or resting adult, least square regression analysis was stage III; developing, stage IV; used to estimate parameters a and b of developed, stage V; gravid and stage the equation: log W=log (a) + log (b) × VI; spawning (Biswas, 1993). The L, where W is the body weight in g and changes of gonadosomatic index were L is the fork length in cm. The von monthly calculated as follows; GSI = Bertalanffy growth equation was used 100× (Wg/W) to determine spawning to describe the relationship of length at season (Biswas, 1993), where Wg and W -k (t- t ) age; Lt = Linf (1 – e 0 ), where Lt, Linf are gonad weight and body weight, , k, t and t0 are the expected fish length respectively. The lengths at 50% at age t, the average asymptotic fork maturity were estimated for male and length, the relative growth coefficient, female sexes according to the the fish age (year) and the hypothetical percentage of individual with mature time at which the length of fish is zero, gonads at the stage III-VI. The logistic (-r (L - L )) respectively (Sparre and Venema, function; P = 1 / (1+ e m ) was 1992). To ensure that von Bertalanffy used to estimate lengths at 50% growth curves are efficiently described maturity, where P, r and Lm are the in the early life stages, the unsexed age proportion of maturity in each size data were used to fit male, female and class, the parameters which control the whole samples age curves (Sutton, shape of curve and the size at 50% 2011). Hence, three fits were applied; maturity, respectively (Turkmen et al., all males plus unsexed fish data, all 2002). To estimate the model females plus unsexed fish data and parameters, the logistic functions were whole samples. The equation transformed to linear function; ln ((1- parameters for males, females and P)/P) = r (Lm - L) where the slop b = -r whole samples were estimated by and the intercept a = rLm (Arana, 2009). applied Marquardt's algorithm for Mean ova diameter was measured from nonlinear least squares method using sub-sampling eggs taken from the FISHPARM software (Prager et al., anterior, middle and posterior part of 1989). Growth performance index ( ) each ovary (Biswas, 1993). Fecundity; was calculated to compare growth the number of ripe eggs (Bagenal, between males and females (Pauly and 1957), was calculated gravimetrically Munro, 1984). by counting eggs in one gram Gonads were identified as ovaries, subsamples of ovaries at the stages III- testes or unsexed by examination of the VI. The relationships between gonad tissue either directly by eye or fecundity-body weight, fecundity-fork 959 Bahrami Kamangar et al., Growth and reproductive biology of … length, fecundity-gonad weight and ratio of males to females was 1:1.79 fecundity- age were estimated by the which revealed significant difference b equation: Fe = aX , where Fe, is the fish from 1: 1 (p<0.05). Fig. 1 shows the fecundity, X is one of the independent fork length frequency distributions for variables of body weight, fork length, males, females and unsexed samples. The age classes ranged from 0 to 4 gonad weight or fish age (T), a is years for male and from 0 to 5 for constant and b is the exponent female specimens. The most frequent coefficient. Linear model of least observed fork length was in the range square regression was applied to of 23.1-27 cm within the female logarithmic transformation of the specimens and 11.1-15.0 cm within the equation to estimate coefficient a and b male specimens. These lengths mostly (Bagenal, 1967). belong to male and female age classes Water temperature was measured of 1 and 3, respectively. The mean fork monthly at each sampling site. length and the mean body weight at Circannual rhythm of day length data each age class are presented in Table 1. were calculated using Ray Man 1.2 The maximum length and weight software (Matzarakis et al., 2007) for recorded were 37.2 cm and 620.0 g for the geographic coordinates of the females and 27.0 cm and 227.0 g for studied area. males, respectively. The length and Sample size in each age-class was weight of males and females were not checked based on Kritzer et al., (2001) significantly different in age class 1 recommendation to achieve at least (p>0.05); however, females were 10% precision.
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