Int.J.Curr.Res.Aca.Rev.2016; 4(3): 48-55

International Journal of Current Research

and Academic Review ISSN: 2347-3215 Volume 4 Number 3 ( March-2016) pp. 48-55 Journal home page: http://www.ijcrar.com doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcrar.2016.403.006

B reeding and Life Cycle of Fresh Water Ornamnetal Shrimp-Indian White B anded Shrimp, Caridina cf. babaulti Var. Indian White Banded

* Ganesh Ariyanathan and J. Sesh Serebiah

Jehovah Shamma Centre for Marine and Wildlife Research, Mudiveeranpattinam, Ramanathapuram Dt-623513, Tamil Nadu, India

*Corresponding author

KEYWORDS ABSTRACT

Caridina There is an evergreen demand for ornamental shrimps in the scope of planted cf. babaulti, aquarium or in dedicated aquaria this exponential growth in the demand needs Life cycle of fresh a steady supply of stocks so the main objective of this research is to develop a water , Ornamnetal standard hatchery technology for fresh water ornamental shrimps. An shrimp, endemic species Indian White banded Shrimp, Caridina cf. babaulti was Slime production, selected, as the documented information about the species is scare. Thus, this DNAse and study was conducted to gather some information on its breeding behavior and Haemagglutination. life cycle until first maturity in laboratory condition.10 pairs of Indian White banded Shrimp, Caridina cf. babaulti are kept in confined system separately. The tanks are populated with common aquatic (Java fern Microsorum pteropus, Amazon sword Echinodorus bleherae, Anubias nana, Cryptocoryne

sp., Rotala indica and (java Taxiphyllum barbieri, Christmas

moss montagnei) and regulated with periodic photoperiods and

Co2 supply. With carefully monitored water quality parameters, the selected

species was bred in confined system. It was observed that water temperature

is one of the parameter that played a crucial role in influencing the spawning

behavior of the species. Larvae assume a benthic lifestyle after hatching, i.e.

they are miniature versions of the adults. There is no planktonic larval stage.

The hatchlings of this shrimp are extremely small and grow slowly.

Introduction Many freshwater shrimp from the family Indian White banded Shrimp, Caridina cf. Atyidae have been gaining popularity in the babaulti is an indigenous species. This aquarium industry over the past years species comes from pond, river, agricultural (Heerbrandt and Lin, 2006). Caridina cf. canals, mountain streams and reservoirs of babaulti is one of these atyids. The subdued its indigenous area. coloration looks contrast to green aquatic

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Int.J.Curr.Res.Aca.Rev.2016; 4(3): 48-55 or against dark colored background. dedicated aquaria is increasing among the Not only this shrimp enriched the look of the hobbyist. This exponential growth in the freshwater tank, it is also excellent demand needs a steady supply of stocks so maintenance crews in a cleaning the aquatic the main objectives of this research are to plants compared to other shrimp. Currently develop a standard hatchery technology for the demand for this species in the industry is fresh water ornamental shrimps and met by wild caught. producing desirable strains with the help of selective breeding and interbreeding. In Taiwan, there are 15 species of atyid from 3 genera which include Atyopsis, Materials and Methods Caridina and Neocaridina (Hung et al., 1993; Shih and Cai, 2007). Similar to Brood stocks of each species are maintained palaemonid shrimps, atyidae demonstrated in glass tank (40 x 20 x 25) supported with three types of larval development, normal, bio-chemical filter systems. Plants growth is abbreviated and completely suppressed aided with Compact Florescent lamp at a (Shokita, 1981; Shy, 1994). Most of these ratio of 1watt per 5 liters, Mopani driftwood atyids undergoes the normal type of larval and suitable soil substrates. development and produce relatively small- sized eggs with long planktonic phase. As Shrimp Species for abbreviated type, larval of planktonic phase only takes few days. However, for the Indian White banded Shrimp completely suppressed type, eggs were relatively large-sized without planktonic Indian White Banded Shrimp (Caridina cf. phase since the larvae hatched in benthic babaulti var. Indian white banded) are form. another of the variations of Babulti shrimp in the hobby. Like other Babaulti shrimp, The Indian ornamental fish sector is a small they are freshwater and originally from but vibrant segment, with potential for India. Indian White Banded Shrimp are rarer tremendous growth and large-scale gainful than some of the other Babulti shrimp in the employment generation. At present the hobby such as Green Babaulti. Both males ornamental fish export from India is and females are light red in color with white dominated by the wild caught species, which banded on the body. Indian White banded cater to a small portion of the global market. Shrimps are excellent algae eaters and India’s contribution to global ornamental almost better substrate sifters. Where these fish trade is negligible. The country is shrimp are present in greater numbers there bestowed with climatic conditions ideally will not be any problems with different conducive for growth, maturation and kinds of algae covering your substrate. breeding of many exotic as well as These little guys will take care of it. They indigenous ornamental fishes. Shrimp are are especially effective on a sandy substrate, decapods or 10 limbed crustaceans along where they clean the sand grain by grain. with crayfish, cherax crabs and others. Historically only crayfish were kept, in the Shrimp are much less tolerant of poor water last 10-15 years shrimp and other conditions than most fish. Ammonia, nitrites crustaceans have become increasingly and nitrates will eventually kill the shrimp, popular in home aquaria. The scope of even if only a small amount of uneaten food shrimp keeping in planted aquarium or in remains in the aquarium. For biological

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Int.J.Curr.Res.Aca.Rev.2016; 4(3): 48-55 filtration, elevated air-driven sponge filters too much copper released from home water with a medium to slow air flow are used. As pipes when mixing hot water to equalize the for substrate, fine-grain, gravel and also temperature of replacement water. white silica sand were used. For some species, such as the hardy red cherry shrimp, Copper is not the only thing that can harm coral sand or gravel, as they enjoy a more shrimp. Many of the anti-parasite products alkaline environment. Slower-growing plant on the market will have devastating results species, such as and Java fern, on shrimp, so this is just another good work pretty well in a shrimp aquarium. Use reason to have a shrimp-only aquarium. If of fast-growing plants in a shrimp aquarium fish are to be kept with the shrimp, put the is probably a mistake because they tend to fish in a quarantine aquarium first for suck up needed nutrients. This suggestion several weeks before introducing them to the had been made on the Petshrimp forum display aquarium so that any disease that (www.petshrimp.com), and it was probably would require anti-parasite medications can the reason cherry shrimp colony hadn’t been be dealt with there. as prolific with some hobbyist. When the fast-growing plants were removed and went The kits or apparatus used were; DO meter back to Java moss, shrimps did much better (dissolved oxygen and temperature) and API and hobbyists started seeing a lot more baby aquarium freshwater test kit (pH, ammonia, shrimp in the aquarium. nitrite). Measurements were taken twice a week. Water Parameters Feeding Shrimp Some of the shrimp species prefer soft, acidic water with temperatures between Caridina cf. babaulti are not picky eaters 240C – 280C; others prefer a more alkaline and will eat dead plant matter along with pH and harder water. For each shrimp algae, algae wafers and other omnivorous species the water parameters are different. foods. Healthy shrimps skitter all over an Shrimp need clean water, so 30 percent of aquarium, constantly searching for food. water was changed at least once every two They seem to never hold still and are always weeks, and its better if changes are moving about. When food is dropped into performed weekly. Aeration was provided the aquarium, they soon sense it and scurry throughout the study period. to the front of the aquarium to eat. Shrimp will drop their shell (molt) every once in a Shrimp are especially sensitive to chlorine while. It takes a day or two after the molt for or chloramines in city water supplies, so it’s their new shell to harden, and they will important to use a dechlorinator or ammonia usually try to stay hidden from predators neutralizer to remove these chemicals. during this time. They are extremely Quality products that neutralize ammonia vulnerable during this process, which is are important. If chlorine and/or ammonia another good reason to keep fish out of their aren’t eliminated, the shrimp will die. aquarium. Invertebrates-especially shrimp-are very sensitive to copper. Never treat an Shrimp will do fine on basic fish food — aquarium with any copper-containing pellet or flake. Feed only an amount that can product if the aquarium houses shrimp. It be eaten in a few minutes. Shrimp will also has been suggested that there might even be find their own food when aquatic plants like

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Java moss and Java fern are growing in their from the earlier experiment were placed and aquarium. Many shrimpers advocate putting conditioned in tanks for a week. After a waterlogged dead oak leaves or other leaf week, only healthy larvae were used for the varieties in the aquarium as a source of food next experiment. for the shrimp. Make sure that the leaves have been soaked for several weeks before Life Cycle adding them to the aquarium to ensure that most of the tannins have leached out. The Indian White Banded Shrimp have a lifespan leaves slowly decay, and the shrimp seem to of about 1-2 years and max out between 0.5 feed on both the leaves and the other and 1.5 inches in size. They are considered organisms that break down the leaves. relatively easy to maintain and make a colorful and interesting addition to any Shelter aquarium. Thirty larvae (one week old) were placed in tank. Observation was carried out No shelter was provided for the shrimps until all the larvae reached first maturity. because the aquarium tanks were Life cycle of Caridina cf. babaulti was exclusively maintained for shrimp species presented into illustration form. Total length alone so there was no risk of predation (TL) of Caridina cf. babaulti was measured during molting period. from rostral tip to posteromedian margin of the telson, excluding posterior setae Brood Stock following Yang and Ko (2003). Larvae and eggs were observed and measured using The females are distinguished from the ocular micrometer placed in the microscope males by their larger size. About 10 females eyepiece of Leica DM750, compound and 10 males used were with average total microscope with scale bar. Photographs length of 2.5±0.5 cm and placed into two were taken using Sony H50 digital camera. separated conditioning tanks. Conditioning Ranges of water quality parameters process takes about two weeks. Only observed throughout this study were females with saddle and healthy males were recorded. used. Results and Discussion Breeding Caridina cf. babaulti reached first maturity These shrimps are bit slow to breed and also at around 75 days old with TL 2.3±0.2 cm. in growth, but will reproduce when kept in Upon reaching maturity, the presence of prime conditions and tend to breed more visible ovaries can be seen through the when kept in hard water. Ten pairs of cephalothorax region of the females. matured male and female shrimps were Appendix masculina on the second pleopod placed in breeding tank. Observation was were observed in males. Mating process carried until female shrimp become usually take place 1-3 day(s) after the ovigerous. introduction of male and female into the same tank. Female molted prior to mating. Larvae Both molting and mating occurred rapidly in less than 10 sec. During mating process Number of larvae produced by each female male and female of Caridina cf. babaulti was counted and recorded. Larvae produced will be facing each other and sperm were

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Int.J.Curr.Res.Aca.Rev.2016; 4(3): 48-55 deposited into the genital opening of was formed by pleopods and overhanging of female Caridina cf. babaulti using its pleura of the female. A day after mating, appendix masculina. The eggs were female was observed to carry fertilized eggs. fertilized when it passed through the sperm The eggs were incubated in the brood pouch on the way to the brood pouch. The pouch until hatch.

Table.1 Ranges of Water Quality Parameters Measured During the Study Period

Parameters Range Dissolved Oxygen (mg L-1) >4 Temperature 0C 24-28 pH 6.8-7.8 Ammonia (mg L-1) <0.1 Nitrite (mg L-1) <0.1 Hardness Moderately Hard

Table.2 Fecundity by Length for Caridina cf. babaulti

Sample Total length (cm) Fecundity 1 2.7 45 2 2.5 43 3 2.6 52 4 2.5 55 5 2.6 45 6 2.7 43 7 2.4 42 8 2.5 56 9 2.7 49 10 2.6 42

Fig.1 Indian White Banded Shrimp

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Fig.2 Matured Female (Indian White Banded Shrimp) with Fertilized Eggs

Fig.3 3 Days Old Larvae of Indian White Banded Shrimp

Fig.4 Life cycle of caridina cf. Babaulti

Fertilized eggs were oval in shape, vary bunches and attached it to the female's from greenish to yellowish in color. The egg pleopod. The membrane can hardly be size was comparatively large, with an distinguished since it is thin, transparent and average length 1.19 mm. Thin ribbon-like lying close to the surface. filament binds the eggs in grape-like

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Int.J.Curr.Res.Aca.Rev.2016; 4(3): xx-xx In this study, Caridina cf. babaulti was reproduces throughout the year. The found to be able to reached first maturity as findings of this study can be used as a early as 75 days old, which is similar to guideline for culturist interested in the mass those reported by Demas (2007). Female production of this ornamental shrimp for the molted prior to mating, possibly induced by aquarium industry. the released of certain chemical substance into the surrounding water. Somehow, Acknowledgment before or during molting, the release of this substance allows the male to detect gravid I would like to thank Dr. J. Sesh Serebiah, female in the water column. This signaled M.Sc., Ph.D, Principal Scientist, Jehovah the male that female is ready to spawn. shamma Centre for Marine and Wildlife Research, Mudiveeranpattinam, Newly hatched larvae of Caridina cf. Ramanathapuram Dt-623513, (Contact: babaulti look like the miniature version of 9443608847) for providing valuable support adult similar to that observed by Yang and for this research. Ko (2003). Morphological differences were only observed when N. d. sinensis reached References maturity with the appearance of endopod and appendix masculine in males, which is Adiyodi, K.G., Adiyodi, R.G. similar to the report by Englund and Cai 1994. Reproductive Biology of (1999). Caridina cf. babaulti lacked of Invertebrates, Volume 6, Part B, planktonic larval stage, therefore, it is a Asexual Propagation and completely suppressed type based on the Reproductive Strategies. John Wiley, type categorized by Lai and Shy (2009). USA, ISBN: 978-0-471-94119-4. Numbers of egg produced per female of Cai, Y. 1996. A revision of the freshwater shrimp is depending on the size genus Neocaridina (Crustacea: of the female itself. Smaller females Decapoda: Atyidae). Acta Zootaxon. produced fewer eggs compared to larger Sin., 21: 129–160. females (Ketse, 2006). Demas, P. 2007. Red Cherry Shrimp. Trop. Fish Hobbyist, 56: 90–92. Female Caridina cf. babaulti was observed Englund, R.A., Cai, Y. 1999. The to incubate and fan their eggs in the brood occurrence and decription pouch. According to Adiyodi and Adiyodi of Neocaridina denticulata (1994) this kind of parental care will results sinensis (Kemp, 1918) (Crustacea: in higher survival rate of larvae produced. Decapoda: Atyidae), a new Similar to those reported by Schram introduction to the Hawaiian Islands. (1986), Caridina cf. babaulti eggs were Bishop Museum Occasional Papers incubated in brood pouch until hatching. No. 58, pp. 58–65. http://hbs. bishopmuseum.org/pdf/englund&cai Conclusion 99.pdf. Nur, F.A.H., Christianus, A. 2013. Breeding Caridina cf. babaulti var. Indian white and Life Cycle of Neocaridina banded can successfully breed in laboratory denticulata sinensis (Kemp, conditions using a simple experimental 1918). Asian J. Ani. Veterinary Adv., setup. This shrimp is able to reach first 8: 108–115. sexual maturity earliest at 75 days old. It

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Int.J.Curr.Res.Aca.Rev.2016; 4(3): xx-xx Heerbrandt, T.C., Lin, J. 2006. Larviculture Shih, H.T., Cai, Y. 2007. Two new species of red front shrimp, Caridina of the land-locked freshwater gracilirostris (Atyidae, Decapoda). shrimps genus Neocaridina Kubo, J. World Aquacult. Soc., 37: 186– 1938 (Decapoda: Caridea: Atyidae), 190. from Taiwan, with notes on Hung, M.S., Chan, T.Y., Yu, H.P. speciation on the island. Zool. Stud., 1993. Atyid shrimps (Decapoda: 46: 680–694. Caridea) of Taiwan, with Shokita, S. 1981. Life-history of the family descriptions of three new species. J. Atyidae (Decapoda, Caridea). Crustacean Biol., 13: 481–503. Aquabiol., 12: 15–23. Ketse, N. 2006. The effects of selected Shy, J.Y. 1994. , distribution and reference toxicants on embryonic ontogeny of freshwater shrimps and development of the freshwater crabs in Taiwan. Ph.D. Thesis, shrimp Caridina nilotica(Decapoda: National Taiwan Ocean University, Atyidae). M.Sc. Thesis, Institute for Keelung. Water Research, Rhodes University, Yang, H.J., Ko, H.S. 2003. Larval Grahamstown, South Africa. development of Neocaridina Lai, H.T., Shy, J.Y. 2009. The Larval denticulate sinensis (Decapoda: Metamorphosis of Caridina Caridea: Atyidae) reared in the pseudodenticulata (Crustacea; laboratory. Korean J. Syst. Zool., 19: Decapoda; Atyidae) rearing in the 49–54. laboratory, with a discussion of https://www.bobstropicalplants.com/sho larval metamorphosis types. Raffles p/en/shrimp/459-indian-whitebanded- Bull. Zool., 20: 97–109. shrimp.html (25/02/2016) Schram, F.R. 1986. Crustacea. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

How to cite this article:

Ganesh Ariyanathan and J. Sesh Serebiah. 2016. Breeding and Life Cycle of Fresh Water Ornamnetal Shrimp-Indian White Banded Shrimp, Caridina cf. babaulti Var. Indian White Banded. Int.J.Curr.Res.Aca.Rev.4(3): xx-xx. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcrar.2016.403.006

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