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Os Nomes Galegos Dos Musgos E Fentos 2020 3ª Ed

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Os Nomes Galegos Dos Musgos E Fentos 2020 3ª Ed Os nomes galegos dos musgos e fentos 2020 3ª ed. Citación recomendada / Recommended citation: A Chave (20203): Os nomes galegos dos musgos e fentos. Xinzo de Limia (Ourense): A Chave. https://www.achave.ga!/wp"content/up!oads/achave_osnomes a!egosdos#mus os#e_$entos#2020.pd$ Fotografía: fento das pedras (Polypodium vulgare ). Autor: David Vilasís. %sta o&ra est' su(eita a unha licenza Creative Commons de uso a&erto) con reco*ecemento da autor+a e sen o&ra derivada nin usos comerciais. ,esumo da licenza: https://creativecommons.or /!icences/&-"nc-nd/..0/deed. !. Licenza comp!eta: https://creativecommons.or /!icences/&-"nc-nd/..0/!e a!code/!an ua es. 1 Notas introdutorias O que cont!n este documento Na primeira edición deste documento (2016) fornecéronse denominacións para especies de musgos e fentos galegos (e) ou europeos, e tamén para algunhas das especies exóticas máis coñecidas (xeralmente no ám ito divulgativo, por causa do seu interese cient"fico ou industrial, ou por seren moi comúns noutras áreas xeográficas)$ Na segunda edición (2018) engad"ronse máis denominacións galegas e ampliáronse as referencias ibliográficas$ Nesta terceira edición (2020) incorpórase o logo da &ha!e ao deseño do documento, engádese algún nome galego máis e reescr" ense as notas introdutorias$ 'áis completa (ue as anteriores, nesta no!a edición achéganse nomes galegos para 2)6 especies, contando todo xunto * musgos, fentos e af"ns$ A estrutura En primeiro lugar preséntase unha clasificación taxonómica (ue considera as clases, ordes e familias de catro grandes divisións otánicas* musgos (,riófitas), escamentas (-epáticas ou 'arcantiófitas), licopodios (Licófitas ou Licopodiófitas) e fentos (/teridófitas)$ Nesta clasificación taxonómica, de maneira xeral, apúntanse os nomes galegos das especies (ue hai en cada familia$ 0 seguir !én o corpo do documento, unha listaxe onde se indica, especie por especie, alén do nome cient"fico, os nomes galegos e ingleses dos musgos, escamentas, licopodios e fentos (nalgún caso, tamén, o nome xenérico para un grupo deles)$ Nesta listaxe espec"fica, destácanse con fondo azul claro as especies galegas$ 0o final inclúese unha lista de referencias ibliográficas (ue foron utilizadas para a ela oración do presente documento$ Nalgunhas desas referencias recóllense ou propóñense nomes galegos para este grupo otánico, (uer xenéricos (uer espec"ficos$ Outras referencias achegan nomes para os musgos e fentos noutras linguas, (ue tamén foron tidos en conta$ 0lén diso, inclúense algunhas referencias ásicas a respecto da metodoloxía e dos criterios terminolóxicos empregados$ 2 "ratamento terminolóxico : $r%oph%ta No acer!o léxico galego encontramos catro nomes xenéricos referidos a este grupo otánico* musgo, carriza, rión e mofo$ O significado preciso destes nomes ou as recomendacións para o seu uso teñen suscitado diversidade de opinións no ám ito da terminoloxía galega$ O criterio (ue aplicamos e recomendamos na &ha!e é o seguinte: 'usgo é a denominación máis xenérica ou xeral para as especies riófitas, tamén chamadas musc"neas$ Orixinouse a partir do lat"n muscu$ 3en a súa equivalencia en catalán con molsa, en castelán con musgo, en italiano con muschio, en francés con mousse, en inglés con moss, en alemán con Moos etc$ (en portugués, igualmente musgo)$ En galego, ademais da forma musgo, existen as !ariantes murgo e musco, e tamén os !er os enmusgarse, musgarse ou amusgarse (encherse algo de musgo), desenmusgarse (quedar algo sen o musgo (ue tiña), musgar (tapar con musgo), desenmusgar (tirarlle o musgo a algo), e os adxectivos enmusgado, amusgado (todo cheo de musgo) e musgoso (cuberto de musgo ou relativo ao musgo)$ ,rión é unha designación tamén astante xenérica, pero máis limitada * é propia dos musgos (ue medran na casca das ár ores, como fan, por exemplo, Antitrichia curtipendula (familia Leucodontaceae)$ En terminoloxía otánica, os rións reciben o nome de riófitos ep"fitos$ &arriza é unha designación xenérica para musgos (ue medran en lugares moi húmidos, particularmente na eira dos r"os, por riba de pedras lenturentas ou en troncos zumegantes de ár ores$ /or exemplo, son caracteristicamente carrizas as especies do xénero Fontinalis (familia Fontinalacea)$ En galego existen ademais os adxectivos carriceiro (relativo á carriza) e carricento (pode significar cuberto de carriza ou relativo á carriza)$ /or outra anda, mofo, a"nda (ue sexa empregado tamén como sinónimo de musgo no galego de 0sturias e León e en parte de Lugo, é propiamente sinónimo de alor, ou sexa, fungos (ue se desenvol!en na materia orgánica formando unha capa algodonosa$ 3en a súa equivalencia en catalán con floritura, en castelán con moho, en italiano con muffa, en francés con moisi e moisissure, en inglés con mold ou mould, en alemán con Schimmel (en portugués, mofo e olor)$ /ara evitarmos confusións, e por ser ademais mofo un sinónimo de alor, na &ha!e non recomendamos o uso estándar ou formal de mofo para designarmos as especies de musgos$ Outros nomes xenéricos usados para este grupo otánico adóptanse en galego da taxonom"a cient"fica, en lat"n, de modo paralelo ás denominacións desas especies noutras linguas (por !"a de regra, non existen denominacións !ernáculas para esas riófitas)$ 0s", nomes como esfagno para as especies do xénero Sphagnum (familia 5phagnaceae), artramia para as especies do xénero Bartramia (familia ,artramiaceae), funaria para as especies do xénero Funaria (familia Funariaceae) ou dawsonia para as especies do xénero Dawsonia (familia /ol7trichaceae)$ /ara denominacións máis espec"ficas, recorreuse aos nomes cient"ficos das especies, en lat"n, como igualmente teñen feito noutras linguas$ 0s", denominacións como musgo cupresino para Hypnum cupressiforme, musgo nu para Discelium nudum, musgo córnico para Ditrichum cornicum, musgo de -olt para Isothecium holtii etc$, algunhas xa usadas en galego nos ám itos divulgativos e tamén en portugués$ 3 Un outro recurso para fornecermos os nomes galegos das especies riófitas foi a lusofonía, seguíndomos o criterio recollido nas Normas ortográficas e morfolóxicas do idioma galego (R0: e ;.:) do ano 200<* =/ara o arrequecemento do léxico culto, nomeadamente no referido aos ám itos cient"fico e técnico, o portugués será considerado recurso fundamental, sempre (ue esta adopción non for contraria ás caracter"sticas estruturais do galego>$ ?este xeito adaptáronse e incorporáronse algunhas denominacións como musgo chorón para Vesicularia ferriei, musgo do Nadal para Vesicularia montagnei, musgo alxibeira para as especies do xénero Fissidens (familia Fissidentaceae) e musgón para algunhas especies do peculiar xénero "olytrichum (familia /ol7trichaceae)$ /ara alén diso, para algunhas especies relativamente coñecidas, cando menos nos ám itos divulgativos, aplicáronse os mesmos nomes (ue, coincidentes, son usados en diversos idiomas$ /or exemplo, musgo de @a!a para #axiphyllum $ar$ieri, musgo luminoso para Schistostega pennata (denominación xa empregada en galego), musgo dos uzais para Hypnum %utlandicum, musgo !asoira para Dicranum scoparium etc$, (ue noutros idiomas teñen estes mesmos nomes ou modificadores$ "ratamento terminolóxico : 'epaticoph%ta ou (archantioph%ta No acer!o léxico galego, de maneira xenérica, as especies hepáticas ou marcantiófitas reciben dous nomes * escamenta ou follas das pedras, por causa –como explica 5il!erio &añada– da súa forma ou da súa localización. Neste recurso léxico inclúense nomes galegos espec"ficos para catro especies destacadas na nosa terra, usando a denominación xenérica escamenta (que ser"a paralela á inglesa liverwort ou scalewort )* "ellia epiphylla * escamenta común$ 0lgunhas denominacións inglesas de "ellia epiphylla tamén fan referencia a (ue é unha especie común * common liverwort e common pellia$ Frullania oa'esiana * escamenta de OaAes$ O modificador de OaAes * na honra do otánico norteamericano Billiam OaAes (1)CCD1%<8), como tamén indica o xénero cient"fico (oa'esiana)( O nome inglés desta hepática é Oa'es* scalewort, igualmente por este motivo$ #argiona hipophylla * escamenta de 3argioni$ O modificador de 3argioni * na honra do otánico florentino :$ 3argoni 3ozetti (1)12D1)%E), como tamén indica o xénero cient"fico (#argiona)$ O nome francés desta hepática é targionie, igualmente por este motivo$ Lunularia cruciata * escamenta da lúa$ O modificador da lúa * por ter uns chamativos otóns en forma de lúa de fouce, como tamén apunta o xénero cient"fico (Lunularia)$ Os nomes desta especie noutras linguas tamén aluden a esta caracter"stica (francés * lunulaire F inglés * crescent,cup liverwort )$ 4 "ratamento terminolóxico : )%coph%ta ou )%copodioph%ta Os nomes xenéricos galegos para as especies este grupo otánico derivan principalmente da nomenclatura cient"fica, en lat"n, do mesmo modo (ue as denominacións (ue teñen estas especies noutras linguas (as" mesmo, en portugués)* $D licopodio, como nome xenérico para as especies deste grupo e, en particular, para as especies do xénero Lycopodium (familia .7copodiaceae)F $D selaxinela, para as especies do xénero Selaginella (familia 5elaginellaceae)F $D isoetes, para as especies do xénero Isoetes (familia Isoetaceae)$ Os nomes espec"ficos galegos, en moitos casos, aluden directamente ao nome latino cient"fico, en lat"n, como igualmente acontece para estas especies noutros idiomas* licopodio dos lamazais para Lycopodiella inundata F licopodio selago para Huperzia selago F selaxinela de Grauss para Selaginella 'raussiana F isoetes setáceo para Isoetes setáceum (setáceo* con sedas, ou con estruturas semellantes
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