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A Revised Red List of Bryophytes in Britain

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A Revised Red List of Bryophytes in Britain ConservationNews Revised Red List distinguished from Extinct. This Red List uses Extinct in the Wild (EW) – a taxon is Extinct version 3.1 of the categories and criteria (IUCN, in the Wild when it is known to survive only in A revised Red List of 2001), along with guidelines produced to assist cultivation or as a naturalized population well with their interpretation and use (IUCN, 2006, outside the past range. There are no taxa in this 2008), further guidelines for using the system category in the British bryophyte flora. bryophytes in Britain at a regional level (IUCN, 2003), and specific Regionally Extinct (RE) – a taxon is regarded guidelines for applying the system to bryophytes as Regionally Extinct in Britain if there are no (Hallingbäck et al., 1995). post-1979 records and all known localities have Conservation OfficerNick Hodgetts presents the latest revised Red List for How these categories and criteria have been been visited and surveyed without success, or interpreted and applied to the British bryophyte if colonies recorded post-1979 are known to bryophytes in Britain. Dumortiera hirsuta in north Cornwall. Ian Atherton flora is summarized below, but anyone interested have disappeared. It should be appreciated that in looking into them in more depth should regional ‘extinction’ for bryophytes is sometimes he first published Red List of et al. (2001) and Preston (2010), varieties and consult the original IUCN documents, which less final than for other, more conspicuous bryophytes in Britain was produced subspecies have been disregarded. are available on the IUCN website (www. organisms. This may be because bryophytes are in 2001 as part of a Red Data Book 1980 has been chosen as the cut-off year to iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/categories- easily overlooked, or because their very efficient for bryophytes (Church et al., 2001). represent the threshold between old and recent and-criteria). However, two IUCN concepts dispersal mechanisms can readily bring in ‘new The list was updated on an ad hoc records for the purposes of assessing decline. in particular, ‘extent of occurrence’ and ‘area blood’ from elsewhere. For example, Grimmia Tbasis as part of the large species status table on the There has been much new survey work over the of occupancy’, require a brief explanation anodon and G. elatior were long considered Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) last 30 years, and it is considered important that here. Extent of occurrence is defined as the ‘extinct’ in Britain, but both have been refound website, with 2005 the last time an update to the data used to assign threat categories are as up- area contained within the shortest continuous recently. An effort has been made to apply the the bryophyte list was approved by JNCC, but to-date as is practicably possible. This contrasts imaginary boundary which can be drawn to ‘extinct’ categories sensibly, while acknowledging it was becoming increasingly clear that a new with the nationally rare and nationally scarce encompass all the known, inferred or projected that it is quite possible that some ‘extinct’ published Red List was now needed, as there lists, which both use 1950 as the cut-off year. sites of present occurrence of a taxon, excluding species may turn up again in the future. It is have been many changes in our knowledge of the cases of vagrancy. Extent of occurrence is thus considered preferable to err on the side of over- status of British bryophytes over the past decade The IUCN threat categories and criteria essentially equivalent to range – the area on a using the Regionally Extinct category rather than or so. New lists of nationally rare and nationally The IUCN system for allocating threat status map over which a species is distributed – and so overloading the Data Deficient category. scarce bryophytes have been published recently was originally designed to be applied to large is easily estimated using dot maps. The so-called Critically Endangered (CR) – a taxon is Criti- (Preston, 2006, 2010). These are expressions of animals on a global scale, but has been developed ‘α-hull method’ for calculating the extent of cally Endangered when it is facing an extremely frequency, but do not necessarily indicate the so that it is applicable to any organism at any occurrence, which is designed to exclude aber- high risk of regional extinction in the wild in degree of threat to which species are subjected. geographical scale, if interpreted sensibly. This rant occurrences well outside the normal range the immediate future, as detailed by any of the The Red List uses criteria and categories process began with the publication of the new of a species, was introduced later (IUCN, 2006). criteria A, B or D (see below). developed by the International Union for the IUCN threat categories (World Conservation Area of occupancy is defined as the area within Endangered (EN) – a taxon is Endangered Conservation of Nature (IUCN) to ascertain Union, 1994). The old IUCN threat categories its extent of occurrence which is occupied by a when it is not Critically Endangered but is which species are most threatened and therefore (Extinct, Endangered, Vulnerable and Rare) taxon, excluding cases of vagrancy, and this can facing a very high risk of regional extinction in in need of conservation action. were replaced by a revised system that abandoned also be determined conveniently using dot maps. the wild in the near future, as defined by any of This revised Red List covers England, Scotland, the Rare category (as it was an expression of the criteria A, B or D (see below). Wales and the Isle of Man, but excludes Ireland, frequency rather than of threat), and introduced Definitions of IUCN threat categories Vulnerable (VU) – a taxon is Vulnerable when Northern Ireland and the Channel Islands. the Critically Endangered category. The sub- Extinct (EX) – a taxon is Extinct when there is it is not Critically Endangered or Endangered Nomenclature follows Hill et al. (2008) for most Red List category of Near Threatened was no reasonable doubt that the last individual has but is facing a high risk of regional extinction in species, with the addition of a few species added also established, and later the categories of died. There are only two taxa in this category in the wild in the medium-term future, as defined to the British list more recently. As in Church Regionally Extinct and Extinct in the Wild were the British bryophyte flora. by any of the criteria A, B or D (see below). 40 FieldBryology No103 | Feb11 FieldBryology No103 | Feb11 41 ConservationNews Revised Red List distinguished from Extinct. This Red List uses Extinct in the Wild (EW) – a taxon is Extinct version 3.1 of the categories and criteria (IUCN, in the Wild when it is known to survive only in A revised Red List of 2001), along with guidelines produced to assist cultivation or as a naturalized population well with their interpretation and use (IUCN, 2006, outside the past range. There are no taxa in this 2008), further guidelines for using the system category in the British bryophyte flora. bryophytes in Britain at a regional level (IUCN, 2003), and specific Regionally Extinct (RE) – a taxon is regarded guidelines for applying the system to bryophytes as Regionally Extinct in Britain if there are no (Hallingbäck et al., 1995). post-1979 records and all known localities have Conservation OfficerNick Hodgetts presents the latest revised Red List for How these categories and criteria have been been visited and surveyed without success, or interpreted and applied to the British bryophyte if colonies recorded post-1979 are known to bryophytes in Britain. Dumortiera hirsuta in north Cornwall. Ian Atherton flora is summarized below, but anyone interested have disappeared. It should be appreciated that in looking into them in more depth should regional ‘extinction’ for bryophytes is sometimes he first published Red List of et al. (2001) and Preston (2010), varieties and consult the original IUCN documents, which less final than for other, more conspicuous bryophytes in Britain was produced subspecies have been disregarded. are available on the IUCN website (www. organisms. This may be because bryophytes are in 2001 as part of a Red Data Book 1980 has been chosen as the cut-off year to iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/categories- easily overlooked, or because their very efficient for bryophytes (Church et al., 2001). represent the threshold between old and recent and-criteria). However, two IUCN concepts dispersal mechanisms can readily bring in ‘new The list was updated on an ad hoc records for the purposes of assessing decline. in particular, ‘extent of occurrence’ and ‘area blood’ from elsewhere. For example, Grimmia Tbasis as part of the large species status table on the There has been much new survey work over the of occupancy’, require a brief explanation anodon and G. elatior were long considered Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) last 30 years, and it is considered important that here. Extent of occurrence is defined as the ‘extinct’ in Britain, but both have been refound website, with 2005 the last time an update to the data used to assign threat categories are as up- area contained within the shortest continuous recently. An effort has been made to apply the the bryophyte list was approved by JNCC, but to-date as is practicably possible. This contrasts imaginary boundary which can be drawn to ‘extinct’ categories sensibly, while acknowledging it was becoming increasingly clear that a new with the nationally rare and nationally scarce encompass all the known, inferred or projected that it is quite possible that some ‘extinct’ published Red List was now needed, as there lists, which both use 1950 as the cut-off year.
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