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New names and new combinations for hypnalean mosses Wynns, Justin T. Published in: Bryologist DOI: 10.1639/0007-2745-122.4.633 Publication date: 2020 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Document license: Other Citation for published version (APA): Wynns, J. T. (2020). New names and new combinations for hypnalean mosses. Bryologist, 123(4), 633-656. https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-122.4.633 Download date: 06. okt.. 2021 New names and new combinations for hypnalean mosses Author: Wynns, Justin T. Source: The Bryologist, 123(4) : 633-656 Published By: The American Bryological and Lichenological Society URL: https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-122.4.633 BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Complete website, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/terms-of-use. Usage of BioOne Complete content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non - commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/The-Bryologist on 15 Jul 2021 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by Royal Library, Copenhagen University Library New names and new combinations for hypnalean mosses Justin T. Wynns1 Natural History Museum of Denmark, Øster Farimagsgade 5, room 7.2.40b, DK-1353 Copenhagen, Denmark ABSTRACT. Several nomenclatural changes in the Hypnales are proposed in order to purify the circumscription of Pseudotaxiphyllum and Taxiphyllum. Three species of Pseudotaxiphyllum (P. falcifolium, P. homomallifolium and P. richardsii) do not fit well in any current genus, or belong to distinctive subgeneric lineages, which necessitates the description of novel taxa (Margrethypnum gen. nov., Redfearnia gen. nov., and Taxiphyllum subgen. Parataxiphyllum subgen. nov.). A fourth species, Pseudotaxiphyllum distichaceum [” Stereodon distichaceus], is transferred to Longiella, leaving only species that produce branch-like gemmae in Pseudotaxiphyllum. Five species of Taxiphyllum are transferred to other genera: T. fluitans and T. gabonense to Ectropothecium, T. laevifolium [” E. laevifolium]to Phyllodon, T. ligulaefolium [” Glossadelphus ligulaefolius]toMittenothamnium, and T. torrentium [” Amblystegium torrentium]toBryocrumia. A 50-taxon ITS-based phylogeny is included for illustrative purposes. Plagiothecium sect. Stansvikia is established to accommodate a group of medium-sized to large, glossy, autoicous species with an austral oceanic distribution. Included taxa are P. subantarcticum sp. nov. [¼ P. Donianum sensu Mitten 1869] from Tierra del Fuego, P. falklandicum, P. georgicoantarcticum, P. georgicoantarcticum var. antarcticum comb. nov. [” Hypnum antarcticum] from the Kerguelen Islands, and P. novae-seelandiae. Phylogenetically, sect. Stansvikia belongs to the core of the genus and is related to both sect. Plagiothecium and sect. Leptophyllum (P. lucidum s.l.). KEYWORDS. Plagiothecium, Taxiphyllum, Pseudotaxiphyllum, Herzogiella, bryophyte, phylogeny. ^^^ Plagiothecium Schimp. is an old generic name flattened plants that superficially resemble Plagio- (Bruch et al. 1851) that for many years was applied thecium and occur in the same habitats. When in a broad sense (e.g., Grout 1932). Over time, the Iwatsuki (1987) established the genus Pseudotax- morphological limits of the genus have been better iphyllum, he defined it in part by its often copious defined and considerably narrowed (reviewed in production of multiseriate gemmae that resemble Wynns et al. 2018). In the course of my PhD study small branches (Iwatsuki & Deguchi 1981). Four of this genus (Wynns 2015) and since, I have species that are currently included in the circum- examined many moss specimens belonging to other scription of Pseudotaxiphyllum (Li et al. 2015) lack hypnalean genera that are more or less closely this feature: P. distichaceum (Mitt.) Z.Iwats., P. related to Plagiothecium. This has enabled me to falcifolium (Hook. f. & Wilson) S.He, P. homomalli- identify the correct taxonomic position of a number folium (Redf.) Ireland and P. richardsii (E.B.Bar- of misplaced species, and to recognize that Pseudo- tram) Ireland. Here, I propose an alternate generic taxiphyllum Z.Iwats. and Taxiphyllum M.Fleisch., as disposition for each of these four species, two of currently understood, are polyphyletic assemblages. which I place in new genera (see Taxonomy). Pseudotaxiphyllum is a small genus of forest Taxiphyllum is a rather small hypnalean genus mosses occurring on soil and rocks. Well-known with a center of diversity in subtropical Asia. Species species like P. elegans (Brid.) Z.Iwats. and P. of Taxiphyllum also resemble Plagiothecium in being pohliaecarpum (Sull. & Lesq.) Z.Iwats. are glossy showy, glossy, complanate-leaved plants, with leaves with slender cells and short double costae. However, 1 Author’s e-mail: [email protected] there are many important differences between the DOI: 10.1639/0007-2745-122.4.633 two genera. Species of Taxiphyllum are mostly The Bryologist 123(4), pp. 633–656 Published online: December 8 2020 0007-2745/20/$2.55/0 Copyright Ó2020 by The American Bryological and Lichenological Society, Inc. Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/The-Bryologist on 15 Jul 2021 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by Royal Library, Copenhagen University Library 634 The Bryologist 123(4): 2020 obligate calciphiles, often growing on rocks near data are needed to resolve the relationships among, running water, whereas Plagiothecium has a broader and within, the three sections. ecological amplitude. Taxiphyllum does not produce simple gemmae of the kind found in Plagiothecium, METHODS Isopterygiopsis Z.Iwats. and Herzogiella Broth. The Numerous specimens from BONN, C, DUKE, E, H, leaf margin is serrulate (subentire in Plagiothecium), HBG, NY, S and UC (herbarium acronyms from Index and a small area of quadrate alar cells is present at Herbariorum: sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih) were the leaf corners; in contrast, the leaves of Plagiothe- studied morphologically at the Natural History cium are subtended by inflated decurrencies. Also, Museum of Denmark (C), using standard light Taxiphyllum has foliose pseudoparaphyllia around microscopes. For some specimens, microphoto- the buds and branch bases, like in Hypnum Hedw., graphs were taken using various cameras available while pseudoparaphyllia are absent in Plagiothecium. at the museum and University of Copenhagen. Finally, Taxiphyllum is strictly dioicous, and the For the DNA analysis, I used 50 unique ITS sporophytes (rarely seen) are smaller and darker sequences of Hypnales (sensu Goffinet et al. 2009), than those of Plagiothecium, with shorter capsules with a focus on Taxiphyllum, Pseudotaxiphyllum and (cf. Ireland 1969, pls. XXI, XXIII). Huttunen et al. Herzogiella; 40 of these were taken from GenBank (2013) placed Taxiphyllum in the Hypnaceae, a (searchable at: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore), while ten derived family in the Hypnales, while they resolved additional sequences from my PhD study (Wynns the Plagiotheciaceae near the base of the order. 2015) were added to GenBank (Table 1). DNA Taxiphyllum in its original sense (Fleischer extraction, PCR amplification and DNA sequencing 1923) mostly included plants related to the poly- were performed as in Wynns et al. (2018). Sequence morphic, pantropical species T. taxirameum (Mitt.) alignment was performed manually in MEGA6 M.Fleisch. and to the North American endemic T. (Tamura et al. 2013). Indel data were generated deplanatum (Sull.) M.Fleisch. Subsequent authors for each alignment in SeqState v. 1.4.1 (Muller¨ 2005) (e.g., Brotherus 1928; Buck 1987, 1993; He 1997; using simple indel coding (Simmons & Ochoterena Iwatsuki 1963, 1982; Potier de la Varde 1925; 2000). A single data file including both nucleotide Robinson 1974) have placed more species in the and indel data was assembled in NEXUS format and genus, sometimes incorrectly. This is not surprising, analyzed with maximum parsimony as the optimal- as a number of hypnalean genera not closely related ity criterion in PAUP* v. 4.0.10b (Swofford 2002), to Taxiphyllum (e.g., Ectropothecium Mitt., Entodon performing 1000 heuristic replicates, using a ran- Mull.¨ Hal., Phyllodon Schimp.) include species that dom addition sequence and TBR swapping, and resemble it. Here, I make a contribution toward a saving no more than 10 best trees per replicate, more precise definition of Taxiphyllum by excluding followed by a final search of the saved trees. The five species that belong to other genera of the consensus of most-parsimonious trees was calculat- Hypnales: T. fluitans Broth., T. gabonense Broth. & P. de la Varde, T. laevifolium (Mitt.) W.R.Buck, T. ed, and then visualized using image manipulation ligulaefolium (E.B.Bartram) W.R.Buck and T. tor- software to collapse non-consensus nodes from one rentium (Besch.) W.R.Buck (see Taxonomy). of the phylograms. A bootstrap
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