Two New Anthiine Fishes of the Genus Plectranthias (Perciformes

Home , Anthiinae, Cirrhitidae, Liopropoma, Plectranthias, Scorpaenidae

Micronesica

pointed out that 18 of the 30 species were known from only one or two collections, two or one only from known were species 30 the 18 of that out pointed

osdrd rlmnr bcue f h lc o mtra o s mn o te species the of many so of material of lack the of because preliminary considered

n egt f hs fo snl seies H add ht i rvso ms be must revision his that added He specimens. single from these of eight and

n te nweg ta mr nw pce rmie t b ecie. h paucity The described. be to remained species new more that knowledge the and f pcmn o ms seis of species most of specimens of byn SUAdvn dph) ter ml sz ol a e fte agr species larger the of few a (only size small their depths), SCUBA-diving (beyond ae en agt yho ad ie, n te curne fmn seis n hard on species many of occurrence the and line), and hook by caught been have

ernde H placed He Serranidae. ernp, Pelontrus, Serranops,

usrtm hne o otn ae i rws. h fwsalwwtr pce, such species, shallow-water few The trawls). in taken often not (hence substratum as

. longimanus P.

Abstract-The

viewed. anthias

f te et os o h pnnua fMlyi, and Malaysia, of peninsula the of coast west the off pcmn olce i te hlpie i 9 m Dsicie hrces of characters Distinctive m. 90 in Philippines the in collected specimen P. jothyi

oe ad pe hl o bd wt sxolqe ak ad, h ls two last the bands, dark oblique six with body of half upper and lobe, Two New Anthiine Fishes theof Genus

Selenanthias. h snnm of synonymy the osl pn lnet cua fn lgty mriae n n dr mark dark no and emarginate slightly fin caudal longest, spine dorsal thias nsi rsraie Rne xesos r gvn for given are extensions Range preservative. in ings . ogmns P nns P aii P rubrifasciatus, P. parini, P. nanus, P. longimanus, P. A key to the species of the genus is provided. is genus the of species the to key A cls to nrre pns n eta mri o roece tid dorsal third preopercle, of margin ventral on spines antrorse two scales, pn lnet cua fnnal tuct wt asihl poogd upper prolonged slightly a with truncate nearly fin caudal longest, spine

ncua pdnl nro,ond aal, n cnetd otid band. third to connected and basally, narrow,joined peduncle caudal on . knappi P. ie cls to nrre pns n eta mri o peprl, third preopercle, of margin ventral on spines antrorse two scales, line

Hawaii

adl (90 rvsd h atin fs genus fish anthiine the revised (1980) Randall

92: 113 29(2):

r described: are

Institute

analis

. maculatus P.

r: 71 sf dra rays, dorsal soft 17-18 are:

sdsic i 1 osl ot as 1 etrl as 2 lateral 29 rays, pectoral 14 rays, soft dorsal 16 in distinct is

ihpMsu, 55BrieS. Honolulu, St., Bernice 1525 Museum, Bishop

of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, Box 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744; and 96744; HI Kaneohe, 1346, Box Hawaii, of University Biology, Marine of

(Weber),

131, 1996 131,

e (90 ws itkn n placing in mistaken was (1990) Lee

aaa and Tanaka,

Serranidae), with a Key the to Species.

ieaue f h atin fs genus fish anthiine the of literature

. anthioides P.

and

aoaa Ioua Xnnha, trnha, Zalanthias, Pteranthias, Xenanthias, Isobuna, Sayonara,

P. jothyi P.

e-mail

oraor 18 s uir yoy of synonym junior a is 1982 Fourmanoir,

P. nanus P.

Zacallanthias

[email protected]

JOHN

P. barroi P.

Plectranthias

Introduction

rm w seies ae i 1040 m 180-400 in taken specimens two from

adl, and Randall,

ute. w nw pce of species new Two Gunther.

RANDALL

oraor 18 srcasfe in reclassified is 1982 Fourmanoir,

14-15

n h snnm of synonymy the in

sde o hi de-wlig habits deep-dwelling their to due is

Plectranthias

pectoral

. winniensis P.

Plectranthias

96817-0916.

. kamii P.

P. inermis, P. kamii, P.inermis, P.

P. knappi P.

rays, 34 lateral-line 34 rays,

Plectranthias

and

(Perciformes:

. winniensis. P.

Tlr, r rarely are (Tyler),

Plectranthias.

adl in Randall

rm one from

Plectran

f h family the of

Selen

s re is

He 114 Micronesica 29(2), 1996 sighted by divers due to their small size and cryptic habits. Were it not for collec tions made with ichthyocide, these small species would not be well represented in museums either. None of the larger species of Plectranthias are known from shallow water. It would seem that they may not be able to compete with the multitude of lie-and wait predators that occupy the shallow reefs of the lndo-Pacific region, such as those of the Epinephelinae, Cirrhitidae, and Scorpaenidae. The larger species of the serranid genus Liopropoma are also restricted to deeper water (Randall & Taylor 1988). Only the small species of this genus occur in the shallows where they, like their counterparts in Plectranthias, are highly cryptic. Heemstra & Anderson (1983) indicated the need for more study of Plectran thias, especially of internal morphology, adding that one or more of the eight genera synonymized into Plectranthias by Randall (1980) may eventually prove to be valid. Admittedly, some of the species of Plectranthias seem different enough to belong in different genera, but when all the species are considered, there seem to be no obvious generic distinctions. Important external characters such as com plete or incomplete lateral line; presence or absence of antrorse spines on the ventral margin of the preopercle; posterior margin of the preopercle smooth, ser rate, or partially serrate; pectoral rays simple or branched; dentition, especially with respect to canine teeth in the lower jaw; and caudal-fin shape are so variously shared that generic lines are not readily drawn. Since Randall's 1980 revision, 14 nominal new species have been described in P/ectranthias: P. randalli Fourmanoir & Rivaton, 1980; P. altipinnatus Katay ama & Masuda, 1980; P. macu/atus Fourmanoir, 1982; P. barroi Fourmanoir, 1982; P. rubromacu/atus (Borets, 1982), P. fijiensis Raj & Seeto, 1983; P. exsul Heemstra & Anderson, 1983; P. chungchowensis Shen & Lin, 1984; P. bilaticlavia Paulin & Roberts, 1987; P. parini Anderson & Randall, 1991; P. pelicieriRandall & Shimizu, 1994; and P. /asti, P. pallidus, and P. robertsi, these three named by Randall & Hoese (1995). Two additional new species are described in the present paper, and two more from the western Indian Ocean await description (Heemstra & Randall, MS). Myers & Shepard (1980) recorded a specimen of Plectranthias fourmanoiri from Guam. Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola (1984) recorded P. japonicus and P. sa gamiensis from trawling survey in southern Indonesia, and Sainsbury et al. (1985) extended the range of P. japonicus to the North West Shelf of Australia. Wass (1984) reported P. kamii and P. yamakawai from Samoa. Randall (1986) listed P. winniensis as a new record from Enewetak, Marshall Islands. Lee (1990) reviewed the serranid fishes of Taiwan; he reported 85 species, all illustrated by photographs, 81 in color. He included nine species of Plectranthias from the island (none with depth of capture). He placed P. chungchowensis, de scribed from Taiwan, in the synonymy of P. whiteheadi Randall, extended the range of P. he/enae Randall, previously known only from the Hawaiian Islands, to Taiwan, and the Indonesian P. whee/eri Randall to Taiwan. He placed P. kamii Randall in the synonymy of P. anthioides based on three specimens from Taiwan, 98.7- 100.6 mm, that he identified as P. anthioides. He wrote that these are more-

jaw dentition which provides further separation from from separation further provides which dentition jaw

nearest nearest

surements in the text of the descriptions of the new species are rounded to the the to rounded are species new the of descriptions the of text the in surements

pce n tbltd spretgs fte tnad egh Pootoa mea Proportional length. standard the of percentages as tabulated and species

ing and measuring specimens follow Randall Randall follow specimens measuring and ing

lost in shipment between Honolulu and Malaysia. Malaysia. and Honolulu between shipment in lost

deposited in the Fisheries Research Institute, Penang, Malaysia (FRI) but was was but (FRI) Malaysia Penang, Institute, Research Fisheries the in deposited

ice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu (BPBM). A paratype of of paratype A (BPBM). Honolulu Museum, Bishop P. ice

prepared his key to to key his prepared

characterized by Katayama Katayama by characterized

and laterally. laterally. and

anterior canines of the lower jaw are short, stout, and project obliquely forward forward obliquely project and stout, short, are lower jaw the of canines anterior

(1995) (1995)

onym of of onym

thias, thias,

maculatus maculatus

Sea. Sea.

description of this wide-ranging species. species. wide-ranging this of description

count of of count

Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris. Paris. in Naturelle d'Histoire National Museum

types, MNHN MNHN types,

Philadelphia Philadelphia

Hawaiian seamounts in the synonymy of of synonymy the in seamounts Hawaiian

lower. Other features, including the complex color pattern, correspond to the the to correspond pattern, color complex the including features, Other lower.

one higher than the known range of this count, and the anterior lateral-line scale scale lateral-line anterior the and count, this of range known the than higher one

Red Sea was based on two specimens in the Academy of Natural Sciences of of Sciences Natural of Academy the in specimens two on based was Sea Red

Coral Sea. Sea. Coral

previously known from a single specimen from from single specimen a from known previously

by handlining in about about in handlining by

reported

noted are due primarily to his specimens being smaller than those previously previously those than smaller being specimens his to primarily due are noted

these three specimens and concluded that they are are they that concluded and specimens three these

or-less intermediate to to intermediate or-less

1439, 79 79 1439,

Twenty-six measurements were made of the type specimens of the two new new two the of specimens type the of made were measurements Twenty-six

Type specimens of the new new species the specimens of of Type

Lengths recorded for specimens are standard length (SL). Methods of of count Methods (SL). length standard specimens are for recorded Lengths

From the above it will be noted that that noted will be it above the From

Randall & Hoese Hoese & Randall

In September, September, In

Randall's Randall's

Lin et al. al. et Lin

including the two described herein, have been named since Randall Randall since named been have herein, described two the including

. .

described a second species, species, second a described

0.05. 0.05.

barroi barroi

. .

mm SL) and and SL) mm

15 15

Selenanthias analis analis Selenanthias

(holotype, MNHN MNHN (holotype,

(only one count because of scale loss on the smaller specimen) is one one is specimen) smaller the scale loss on of because count one (only

(ANSP (ANSP

also appears to belong in the genus genus the in belong to appears also

(1994) (1994)

1979-432, 3: 91-92 91-92 3: 1979-432,

Randall

1994, 1994,

30 30

162460

range extension of the diminutive diminutive the of extension range

reported reported

P. barroi barroi P.

: :

species of the genus. A new key is therefore presented. presented. therefore is key new A genus. the species of

(1995) (1995)

anthioides anthioides

Two New Anthiine Fishes of the Genus Genus the of Fishes Anthiine New Two

80 80

the author examined the type specimens specimens of type the examined author the

, ,

o de resof W Taiwan SW off reefs deep on m

(1960)

Materials Materials and Methods

Tanaka. Tanaka.

14.8-15.6 14.8-15.6

placed placed

Plectranthias randalli randalli Plectranthias

1981-1438, 92 92 1981-1438,

(holotype, MNHN MNHN (holotype,

and and

. .

S. S.

mm SL; MNHN MNHN SL; mm

Randall Randall

Plectranthias rubromaculatus rubromaculatus Plectranthias

Selenanthias Selenanthias

myersi, myersi,

kamii. kamii.

mm). Their dorsal soft-ray count of of count soft-ray dorsal Their mm).

Plectranthias Plectranthias

12 12

. .

kelloggi kelloggi

(1995) (1995)

additional valid species species of valid additional

(1980). (1980).

At my suggestion, Lee reexamined reexamined Lee suggestion, my At

from Guam and the South China China South the and Guam from

mm SL; paratype, MNHN MNHN paratype, SL; mm

300 300

. .

maculatus maculatus

was monotypic until Randall Randall until monotypic was

Selenanthias

m in the Chesterfield Islands, Islands, Chesterfield the in m

added a feature of the lower lower the of feature a added

1979-431, 121 121 1979-431,

P. kamii. kamii. P.

(Jordan (Jordan

from three specimens taken taken specimens three from

1981-1441, 117 117 1981-1441,

Plectranthias Plectranthias

are deposited in the Bern the in deposited are

Plectranthias

Plectranthias nanus nanus Plectranthias

proved to be a syn a be to proved

& &

The differences he he differences The

. .

jothyi jothyi

This species was was species This

. .

Evermann). Evermann).

This genus was was genus This

mm SL; para SL; mm

(Borets) from from (Borets)

Plectranthias Plectranthias

; ;

mm) at the the at mm)

the pair of of pair the

was to be be to was

Plectran

(1980) (1980)

to the the to

1981-

16 16

115 115 is is

.4 .4

taylori taylori

kel/oggi kel/oggi

japonicus japonicus

along along base

intermedius intermedius

mega/ophthalmus mega/ophthalmus

blotches) blotches)

with with on 36 7 one side) ..

dark dark

exsul exsul

Plectranthias Plectranthias

Micronesica Micronesica 29(2), 1996

Key Key to the Species of

of of preopercle usually serrate (smooth in two species); color (when

red in life without without red life in bars or bands, centers paler the than scale (183 edges

known) known) not mainly ...... yellow 6 m, m, Phoenix ...... Islands)

diameter 3.0-4. 75 in head; canine present in both both posterior jaws; canine head; present in in margin 75 diameter 3.0-4.

Caledonia) Caledonia) ......

10; pale pale with a 10; dark band (or of small series

Hawaiian Hawaiian Islands, Japan, and New Caledonia) ......

on on body and a red spot on upper base of caudal (100-360 in fin m, life

one-third one-third distance from the rakers front; gill red lower-limb bars 14-17; mainly yellow ( one one m, 61-mm 360 specimen, Isle of Pines, mainly New ( yellow

in in head; no canine teeth in jaws; margin of preopercle smooth; color

dorsal dorsal soft ray prolonged as a filament; a pair of stout canine teeth at

or or red spot on caudal fin (about m, 200 Japan to Indonesia and NW

each comer comer each at jaw, front and lower another of jaw pair about of on side

sal sal rays; canine teeth jaw in lower absent or very lower-limb small; gill

Sea Sea of SW Socotra) ......

Australia) ...... Australia)

preopercle preopercle finely serrate (more than 30 serrae on posterior margin of rakers rakers orange-red, 10-12; no centers the red yellow; scale bars on body

tion tion ending fin, of on midside of caudal peduncle (190-290 m, Arabian preopercle preopercle 6-7; color not as ...... in 3a

adults); adults); diagonal row of scales on cheek between eye and comer of of of dorsal ventrally deflected fin, as it passes beneath posterior soft por

oblique oblique rows of on scales cheek between eye and comer of preopercle

posterior posterior margin of preopercle coarsely serrate (about 26 serrae);

scaleless) ...... scaleless) 5

Bear Bear in mind that many of the in species the key below are represented by

7a. 7a. Dorsal soft rays two antrorse 18; on spines ventral margin of preopercle;

5b. 5b. Body not elongate, the depth 2.2-3.2 in SL; eye not very large, the orbit

5a. 5a. Body elongate, the depth very large, in 3.4 eye SL; the orbit diameter 2.9

6b. 6b. Lateral-line 27-36 scales ...... IO

6a. 6a. Lateral-line 37-46 scales (except one of 19

3b. 3b. Dorsal rays 14-16; no antrorse spines on ventral margin of preopercle;

I b. b. I No pectoral rays branched; lateral complete line or incomplete ...... 28

4b. 4b. Caudal fin emarginate, the second upper ray usually elongate; second la. la. Some pectoral rays branched; lateral complete line ...... 2

4a. 4a. Caudal fin rounded to truncate with rounded comers; no prolonged dor-

3a. 3a. ventral margin Dorsal antrorse preopercle with two of rays soft spines; 17;

2b. 2b. Head not completely scaled (most of snout, chin, and often the maxilla 116 116

2a. 2a. Head, including maxilla and chin, almost completely scaled ...... 3

few specimens (often (often specimens few only one or two). Additional material undoubtedly will in crease crease the range in counts and proportional measurements of these species. 7b

a Dra sf as 7 eodsf osl n eodbace cua rays caudal branched second and 17; dorsal soft second rays soft Dorsal 8a.

b Dra sf ry 1-6 eodsf dra ad eodbace caudal branched second and dorsal soft second 15-16; rays soft Dorsal 8b.

a Sae oslyo edntetnigatro t otis w ra red broad two nostrils; to anterior extending not head Scaleson dorsally 9a. b Scales lip upperextending excepttohead nearly dorsallyfor triangularon 9b.

10a. Margin of preopercle smooth ...... preopercle of Margin 10a. b Pseir agn fpeprl ert ...... 12 ...... serrate preopercle of margin Posterior 1 Ob.

11 b. Body depth 3.05 in SL in 3.05 depth Body 11 b. I la

2. o nrre pnso eta agn fpeprl ...... 13 ...... preopercle of margin ventral on spines antrorse No 12a. 2. w nrre pnso eta agn fpeprl ...... preopercle of margin ventral on spines antrorse Two 12b. 13a. Dorsal soft rays 14; striperaysblackish soft lower-limb 11-12; narrow Dorsal a gill rakers 13a.

14a 13b

14b

Dorsal soft rays 15 soft rays Dorsal

Body depth 2.7 in SL; dorsal soft rays 15; lateral-line scales 32; supra- 32; scales 15; lateral-line rays soft dorsal SL; in 2.7 depth Body

osl otry 1-6 oe-ibgl aes 51;clrnt as not 15-17;color 15-16;gilllower-limb rakers rays soft Dorsal

o o ed cldt otro nsrl;n baks ptpseiry on posteriorly spot blackish no nostrils; posterior to scaled head of Top two- about spot blackish a snout; of front to nearly scaled head of Top

(except on body in life in body on ......

not filamentous; pectoral rays 14; deep, raysgill 20;moderately bodyfilamentous;rakers pectoral not the depth 2.3 in SL; third dorsal spine longest; two oblique red bands red oblique two longest; spine dorsal third SL; in 2.3 depth the on body and a third narrower one from eye to thorax; a small red spot smallred a thorax; eye to from one narrower third a and body on at upper base of caudal fin (80-300 m, Chesterfield Islands in the Coral Chesterfieldthein m, fin Islands(80-300 ofbase caudal upper at

as in 8a in as . asflmnos etrlry 15 rays filamentous;pectoralrays h et 2.5 depth the ...... Taiwan) andSea

dorsal fin and one below posterior half of soft portion of dorsal fin and ofdorsal softportion of half below one posterior fin and dorsal as n oy n ie n blwpseir af f pnu prin of portion spinous of half posterior below one life, in body on bars

premaxillary groove; a broad oblique red band below posterior half of half belowposterior band red oblique broad a groove; premaxillary Salay and Island Easter m, (260-272 peduncle caudal adjacent soft portion of dorsal fin ( enclosing posterior part of lateral line), nar line), lateral of fin ( dorsal part of posteriorenclosing portion soft Ridge) ,Ja Fradz sad n ac Ridge) .... Nazca and Island Fernandez Juan m, ail asn; ogs dra sie . n head in 3.3 spine dorsal longest absent; maxilla (140-225 peduncle caudal of edge ventral at posteriorly end to rowing

maxilla present;spinelongest in dorsal2.9-3.0lifehead; color unknown 74.7-mmlife specimen, 293 (onemin spots (202-370 m, NW Australia and Queensland) ...... Queensland) and Australia NW m, (202-370

from front of lip upper to fronteye;from stripedusky faintfrom a eye across upper ieo bd, n a an sal uk so a mdae f adl fin caudal of midbase at spot dusky small faint a and body, of side (stripe and spot more evident on smaller individuals) (90-192 m, West-m, (90-192smallerindividuals) on evident more spot and (stripe ern Australia) ...... ern

in 13a in ...... adl peduncle caudal ...... sizepeduncle ( thirdscaudal ofeyeon 110-155posteriorly Zea-m,New adadNwSuhWls ...... Wales) South New and land

Randall: Two New Anthiine Fishes of the Genus the of Fishes Anthiine New Two Randall:

....

exsul

...

.. with

. nS;fut o it osl pn ogs;clr not color longest; spine dorsal fifth or fourth SL; in3.0

......

...

17; spines ofpreoperclemargin on ventral antrorseno

0-1);

....

;

dorsal soft rays 14; lateral-line scales 30;supra-scales 14; lateral-line rays soft dorsal

two

....

......

. red bars or one or two oblique red bands red oblique two or one or bars red

...

......

17; gill rakers 26-31; body not deep, 17; not body 26-31;gill rakers

...... 14 ......

....

...... 11 ......

...... 15 ......

.....

...

......

...

Plectranthias

Fiji)

......

.....

;

...

.. rne ih yellow with orange

.....

. ..

.....

. ...

...

......

...

......

...

. ..

......

. macu/icauda

.....

......

...

.....

randal/i

....

.... a//eni

fijiensis

Gomez

... 16 ......

parini

...... 9

exsul

...

/asti

117

8 .... 18

kamii

robertsi

bauchotae

anthioides

bilaticlavia

whiteheadi

......

new species

yamakawai

...

jothyi,

rarely with body 16); depth

with 30-35) ...... 17

......

yamakawai

(whiteheadi

Micronesica 29(2), 1996

and the last on posterior third of soft portion of fin

......

fin,

two slightlyoblique orangish brown bars on body in preservative (per haps red the in first commencinglife), on posterior half of spinous por tion of dorsal 2.5 in head; caudal fin slightly emarginate without filamentous rays; (164-270 m, Kermadec Islands)

spine 2.6-3.1 in head; caudal fin emarginate, the second to fourth branched rays filamentous; tan, shading to white ventrally, silvery with some indistinct small orange-yellow spots dorsally on body; first four lateral-line andscales adjacent above scales dusky (220-240 m, Queensland)...... from behind tip of each dorsal spine, the longest on third spine one

third spine length (one 81.7-mm specimen, 140-180m, Madagascar)

2.4-2.9 in SL;cirri, if present on dorsal spines, not long

dorsally on body; a median blackish band on nape (one 83-mm speci-

...... men, ...... Sulawesi) Malay Peninsula) color not ...... as in 18a 19 irregular oblique dark bands on upper half of body, the second and third joined ventrally, as are the last three (180-400 m, west coast of

red with two longitudinal rows of diffuse blackish blotches, the upper row on body of eight blotches (183-350 m, western to Pacific Society Islands) ...... Islands)

for the genus (to 200 mm SL); red, suffused with yellow dorsally, for the mmyellow(to red,genus suffusedwith SL);200yellow

sallyon head and body (also on much of dorsal and fin base of caudal

ventrally and on fins, with numerous small dark brown blotches dor

fin); a large pale-edged red spot in middle of body just below lateral line (about m, 200 Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, and Samoa) Kai Islands, Indonesia; and Taiwan) ...... species (to species mm 100 SL); pink with two rows of dark red blotches dor sally on sally body, one above and m, (236 one yellowbelow lateral fins line;

15a. Lower-limb rakers gill no on 17; scales maxilla; longest dorsal spine 2.0- 118 15b. Lower-limb gill rakers 13-14; scales present on maxilla; longest dorsal

16b. Lateral-line 28-30 scales ...... 22 17a. Dorsal soft rays body 16; very deep, the depth 2.35 in SL; a long cirrus 16a. Lateral-line 31-35 scales

17b. Dorsal soft rays 17-18 (except

18a. Caudal fin rounded; red with some indistinct irregular blackish blotches

18b. Caudal fin emarginate or truncate with a slightly prolonged upper lobe;

19a. Third dorsal spine distinctly longest ...... 20 19b. Fourth or fifth dorsal spine longest ...... 21

20a. Pectoral rays 14-15; abovescales lateral line to origin of dorsal 4;six fin

20b. Pectoral above scales lateral rays lightto line origin dorsal13;of 5 1/2;fin

21a. Body moderately deep, the depth 2.4-2.7 in SL; pectoral rays large 13;

21b. Body not deep, the depth 2.85-3.0 in SL;pectoral rays not 14-15; a large 22a. Fourth dorsal spine longest (though third nearly as long); six sharply six long); as nearly third (though longest spine dorsal Fourth 22a.

2. hr dra pn ogs;clrnt si 2 ...... 23 22a in ...... as not longest; spine color dorsal Third 22b. 23a. Inner row of teeth on side twice on rows; teeth of row of long loweras outeras about Inner jaw 23a.

23b. Inner row of teeth on lower jaw about equal in length to those of outer of those to length in equal about lower jaw on teeth of row Inner 23b.

4. clsaoeltrlln o rgno oslfn4 /-;cua fin emar- 1/2-5;caudal fin 4 dorsal of origin to line lateral Scales above 24a.

4. clsaoeltrlln ooii fdra i - 1/2; fin slightly fin caudal 3-3 dorsal of origin line to Scales lateral above 24b.

26b. Third dorsal spine 1.95-2.45 in head; no scales ventrally on head or gill or head scales on ventrallyno head; 1.95-2.45 in spine dorsal Third 26b.

25a. Pectoral rays 14; lower-limb gill rakers 10; body depth 2.45 in SL (one SL in 2.45 depth 10; body 14; rakers lower-limb gill rays Pectoral 25a.

25b. Pectoral rays 13; lower-limb gill rakers 11-12; body depth 2.5-2.85 in 2.5-2.85 depth 11-12; 13; body lower-limb rays gill rakers Pectoral 25b. 26a. Third dorsal spine decidedly longest, 1.55-2.2 in head; some scales ven- some head; in 1.55-2.2 decidedly longest, spine dorsal Third 26a.

7. hr dra sie .5i ed adl i . nha, h asnt ex- not rays the head, 1.6 in fin caudal 1.95 head; in spine dorsal Third 27a.

27b. Third dorsal spine1.85-1.9 rays fin the 2.35-2.45 head,caudalin in dorsal head; Third 27b.

8. aea ln nopee 22 uebaig clsi neir eis .. 29 series scales anterior in tube-bearing 12-22 line incomplete, Lateral 28a. 28b. Lateral line complete, 25-31 tube-bearing scales to caudal-fin base .... 33.... base caudal-fin scales to tube-bearing 25-31 line complete, Lateral 28b. 29a. Third dorsal spine dorsal longest Third with long a flap pennant-likespine behindfrom 29a.

29b. Fourth dorsal spine longest; one or two antrorse spines spine marginventral on longest; dorsal antrorse two or one Fourth 29b.

defined bright red bars in life, the first from nape across opercle, the opercle, across nape from first the life, in bars red bright defined

e aeoi n umt Archipelago Tuamotu and Caledonia New

hr ot epynthd n te eodo cua pdnl ( peduncle one caudal on second the and notched deeply most where

last two on caudal peduncle (may be replaced by spots) (100-200 m, (100-200 spots) by replaced be (may peduncle caudal on two last

emarginate, the caudal concavity 10 concavity caudal the emarginate, fin dorsal of edge from first the body, on bars red defined sharply two

61.8-mm Caledonia)specimen, 200 New m,

os oo o a n2a...... 24 23a in as ...... not rows; color

ginate, the caudal concavity 4--6 caudal the ginate, orange whitish with irregular head; in red and yellow bars and spots which interconnect variously dorsally on dorsally variously which spots interconnect yellow and and bars red body (110-168 m, Hawaiian Islands and Taiwan) and Islands Hawaiian (110-168m, body

membranes...... known for known

66-mm specimen,66-mm Philippines) 90 m,

exserted; whitish with large irregular orange-red blotches suffused blotches with orange-red exserted;large irregular whitish with SL ...... elw(0-3 ,IdnsaadTia) .. Taiwan) and Indonesia yellow m, (100-236 trally on head and gill (58 and membranes head on trally ida and West Indies) West and ida

serted; color in preservative entirely pale (one 76-mm preservative(onespecimen, entirely in serted; pale color 220 m, Queensland) ...... very long, reaching posterior to rear base of anal fin, of anal base2.2 rear to very reachingposterior long,

isntvr og .-32i L...... 30 2.4--3.2 long, very fins SL not in ......

i;n nrre pnso eta agno roece otro mar preopercle;posterior of margin ventral spines on antrorse no tip; i fpeprl moh rwt nyafwwa ere etrl fins pectoral fewserrae; a weak only with or smooth preopercle of gin 0m hlpie n e una oMuiis ...... Mauritius) to Guinea New and Philippines 60 m,

of preopercle; posterior margin of preopercle strongly serrate; pectoral serrate; strongly preopercle of margin preopercle;posterior of

Randall: Two New Anthiine Fishes of the Genus the of Fishes Anthiine New Two Randall:

knappz) ......

...

.....

......

.....

......

5-12 in head (caudal-fin shape not (caudal-finshape head in 5-12

......

5-210 m, Atlantic coast of Flor- of coast Atlantic m, 5-210

....

......

. Plectranthias

......

....

. .

...

......

...... 26 ......

knappi,

...... 27 ......

2.5 SL in (15

rubrifasciatus

retrofasciatus

new species

garrupellus

wheeleri

pallidus

helenae

inermis

119

- nanus

gardineri

morgansi

winniensis

longimanus

altipinnatus

with 4), and

15; coarse 15; serrae

nanus

......

with color not 1); exactly as

......

P. nanus

very...... similar) 32

Micronesica 29(2), 1996

15; pectoral 15; rays 14-16 (usually or 14 color 15); as

58 m, 58 lndo-Pacific) .

P. nanus

2.4 in 2.4 head; color not as in 34a ...... 35

m, ...... Indo-Pacific)

1.6--1.8 in head; pale 1.6--1.8 in preservative with dark pigment on lateral-line

top of head not scaled anterior to mid-interorbital space; oblique rows of scales on cheek 4 or 4 on cheek body of depth5; scales 2.8-3.6 longestdorsal in SL; spine Indian Ocean)...... 2.3-3.0 in head; dark markings often present on head and body 31 .....

on subopercle 2-7, on interopercle 1-8; pale with large brown blotches interconnecting to form irregular bars; a small dark brown spot at rear nostrils; oblique rows of on scales cheek 6; body depth 7 in SL; 2.55-2. base of dorsal one fin, at upper edge of caudal just peduncle in front of longest dorsal spine 1.9-2.15 in head; with redscattered life in irregular 55 along base of dorsal and m, western anal Pacificto (6--73western fins)

teriorly, with a red spot at origin of dorsal fin and a white spot at rear base of (23 fin) none on interopercle (except one in 31a (that of veloped); scales present on maxilla; top of head scaled anteriorly to spicuous flap at ...... tip 37 in 31a except a vertical brown line on caudal-fin base separated by a caudal-fin base, one at rear base of anal fin, and one on lower edge of whitish blotches (no dark m, ... markings) Seychelles) (46--64 caudal peduncle between last two spots (less distinct small dark spots scales 9-16 scales (73-237 m, ...... Kenya)

vative mottled life,(in orange anteriorly, becoming red and white pos 2.05 more); weak serrae on subopercle 0-2 (one of 46 dark red with yellow spots, shading to white ventrally ( one 42-mmspec- one dark spots, yellow shading with red ventrallyto white( imen, m, 40 Izu Peninsula, Honshu) ......

pale zone from the two dark spots posteriorly on caudal peduncle (6--

color not ...... as in 35a 36

120

30b. Two antrorse on ventral maxilla;on spines margin no preopercle; scales of 32b. Dorsal soft pectoral rays (usuallyrays 16--17; pale 17); 16--18 in preser- 34b. Dorsal soft rays body depth 16--18; 2.7-2.9 in SL; longest dorsal spine 31b. Pectoral rays 14-18; tube-bearing lateral-line scales 14-22 (usually or 16

31a. Pectoral rays 12-13; tube-bearing lateral-line scales 12 33a. Third dorsal spine longest, with a pennant-like flap near tip ...... 34 30a. One antrorse spine on ventral margin of preopercle (may be poorly de- 33b. Fourth or fifth (usually the fourth) dorsal spine longest, without a con- 32a. Dorsal soft rays 13 34a. Dorsal soft rays 13-15; body depth 2.5-2.6 in SL; longest dorsal spine

35a. Branched caudal rays caudal rounded; slightlyfin 13; dorsal soft rays 18;

35b. Branched caudal rays caudal 15; fin emarginate; dorsal soft rays 16--17;

40a. Caudal fin truncate without filamentous rays; branched caudal rays 15; 15; rays caudal branched rays; filamentous without truncate fin Caudal 40a.

39b. No antrorse spines on ventral margin of preopercle; no serrae on margin margin on serrae no preopercle; of margin ventral on spines antrorse No 39b.

39a. Two antrorse spines on ventral margin of preopercle; a few serrae on on serrae few a preopercle; of margin ventral on spines antrorse Two 39a.

37b

38b. Dorsal soft rays rays soft Dorsal 38b.

38a. Dorsal soft rays 15; branched caudal rays 15; lower six pectoral rays rays pectoral six lower 15; rays caudal branched 15; rays soft Dorsal 38a.

37a. Caudal fin rounded; serrae on posterior margin ofpreopercle ofpreopercle margin on posterior serrae fin rounded; Caudal 37a.

36a. No antrorse spines on ventral margin of of rows of oblique scales preopercle; margin spines on ventral antrorse No 36a.

36b. Two or three antrorse spines on ventral margin of preopercle; oblique oblique preopercle; of margin ventral on spines antrorse three or Two 36b.

. .

Caudal fin truncate to emarginate; serrae on posterior margin of preo- of margin posterior on serrae emarginate; to truncate fin Caudal

filamentous rays; color not as in 39a ...... 39a in as not color rays; filamentous

with light red and yellow, large blotches resulting from concentrations concentrations from resulting blotches yellow, large and red light with

Indonesia) Indonesia) ...... margin of subopercle and interopercle; interopercle; of caudal and margin subopercle

dorsal half of body ( one 62-mm specimen, 236 m, Kai Islands, Islands, ( Kai 236 body m, specimen, 62-mm of one half dorsal

no filamentous dorsal rays; rose red with irregular blackish patches on on patches blackish irregular with red rose rays; dorsal filamentous no

Indonesia) Indonesia) ...

only slightly thickened; palatine teeth absent; lateral-line scales scales top 25; lateral-line absent; teeth palatine slightly thickened; only

of red and yellow (50 to at least 120 m, Honshu, Okinawa, and and Okinawa, 120 Honshu, m, least at yellow (50 to and red of

oe (3 domen

lobe prolonged, but without filamentous rays; whitish, densely densely mottled whitish, rays; filamentous without but prolonged, lobe

ag lc pta bs fpcoa fn,bt oeo osl i r ab- or fin dorsal on none but fins, pectoral of base at spot black large

nostrils; black spot at anal-fin base from third spine to third soft ray; a a ray; soft third to spine third from base anal-fin at spot black nostrils;

Island, Indian Ocean) ...... Ocean) Indian Island,

notably thickened (about twice as thick as shorter upper rays); rays); palatine upper shorter as twice thick as (about thickened notably

and one on abdomen in front of anus anus of front in abdomen on one and

in spinous portion of dorsal dorsal of portion spinous in

fin ...... fin

of subopercle and interopercle; caudal fin truncate or emarginate with with emarginate or truncate fin caudal interopercle; and subopercle of base on last four soft rays; no black spot at pectoral-fin base but one one but base pectoral-fin at spot black no rays; soft four last on base

of head scaled nearly to mid-interorbital space; black spot at anal-fin anal-fin at spot black space; mid-interorbital to nearly scaled head of

percle 18-29; oblique rows of scales on cheek between eye and corner corner and eye between cheek on scales of rows oblique 18-29; percle

m, Gulf of Oman) ...... Oman) of Gulf m,

as nbd;alrebakso tbs faa i ...... fin anal of base at spot black large a body; on bars

rows rows

ender, pale blue, and white (50-70 m, Mauritius) Mauritius) m, (50-70 white and blue, pale ender,

teeth present; lateral-line scales 29-30; top of head scaled anteriorly to to anteriorly scaled head of top scales 29-30; lateral-line present; teeth

with irregular yellow bands, the body with narrow vertical bars of lav- of bars vertical narrow with body the bands, yellow irregular with

emarginate without filamentous lobes; lobes; gill rakers filamentous without emarginate

dorsally on head not reaching into interorbital space; caudal fin fin space; slightly caudal interorbital into reaching not head on dorsally

of preopercle 6; no dark bars on body; no black spot at base of anal anal of base at spot black no body; on bars dark no 6; preopercle of

gitudinal rows of large brown blotches (one 82.4-mm specimen, 49-63 49-63 specimen, 82.4-mm (one blotches brown large of rows gitudinal

lobes; gill rakers 6 6 gill rakers lobes;

head nearly reaching nostrils; caudal fin emarginate with filamentous filamentous with emarginate fin caudal nostrils; reaching nearly head

on cheek from eye to corner of preopercle about 7; scales dorsally on on dorsally scales 7; about preopercle of corner to eye from cheek on

rows of scales on cheek from eye to corner of preopercle 4 1/2; 1/2; scales 4 preopercle of corner to eye from cheek scales on of rows

of scales on cheek between eye and corner of preopercle 4-5; dark dark 4-5; of preopercle corner scales of between eye cheek and on

Randall: Two New Anthiine Fishes of the Genus Genus the of Fishes Anthiine New Two Randall:

...

8m aa .. 18 Rapa) m,

.....

16---18; 16---18;

....

...

+ +

branched branched

......

3 aei rsraie ihfu irglr lon irregular four with preservative in 13; pale

......

...

......

fin, fin,

......

adl as 13 rays caudal

one at rear base of soft portion of fin, fin, of portion soft of base rear at one

(5-44 (5-44

....

......

...

......

m, m,

...

Plectranthias Plectranthias

fin fin

....

......

...... 40 40 ......

Oceania and Christmas Christmas and Oceania

......

14; lower pectoral rays rays 14; pectoral lower

.....

emarginate with with upper emarginate

5 5

......

+ +

.....

12; red, the head head 12; the red,

......

.fourmanoiri .fourmanoiri

1-4; 1-4;

sagamiensis sagamiensis

cirrhitoides cirrhitoides

vexillarius vexillarius

mega/epis mega/epis

pelicieri pelicieri

oblique oblique

..... 38 38 .....

121 121 39 39

maugei maugei

...... foresti

n. n. sp.

BPBM BPBM 30230, 92 mm SL, Strait of

18; pectoral pectoral 18; rays 14-15; lateral-line scales 34;

Fig. Fig. Table 1, 1

Micronesica 29(2), 1996 1996 29(2), Micronesica

Plectranthias Plectranthias jothyi,

Plectranthias jothyi, jothyi, Plectranthias

. .

emarginate emarginate with filamentous rays; branched caudal rays 14;

Holotype Holotype of

fin fin

Dorsal Dorsal rays X,17

1. 1.

Malacca, Malacca, Malaysia

at at base of dorsal fin; two irregular dusky bars on lower two-thirds of

blotches dorsally dorsally blotches on head and body, four at of dorsal base those on fin,

m, m, Madagascar) ......

caudal caudal peduncle, and a small dusky spot at midbase of caudal (250 fin

2.25 in head; head; eight in dark 2.25 small blotches dorsally on head and body, four

below lateral lateral below line (183-185 m, Philippines)

nape nape transversely linear; two larger dark blotches on side of just body

dorsal dorsal spine 2.35-2.45 in head; pale in preservative with small dark

dorsally dorsally on head and body; color life unknown ...... 41

some some anterior dorsal soft rays filamentous; a series of dark blotches

Figure Figure

1972. 1972.

of of preopercle serrate, the ventral margin with 2 antrorse spines; subopercle and

oblique oblique rows of scales on cheek scales dorsally 7; on head extending forward to

DIAGNOSIS: DIAGNOSIS:

off off west coast of Peninsular Malaysia, m, trawl, 180--400 A.A. Jothy, April 14

HOLOTYPE: HOLOTYPE: mm 92.0 male, SL, BPBM Strait 30230, of Malacca, northern part

midinterorbital midinterorbital on no maxilla or space; scales ventrally on head; posterior margin

122 122

41 b. b. 41 head 2.15- on dorsally dorsal nearly longest reaching nostrils; spine Scales

41a. 41a. Scales dorsally on head nearly reaching mid-interorbital space; longest 40b. 40b. Caudal Randall: Two New Anthiine Fishes of the Genus Plectranthias 123 interopercle not serrate; gill rakers 18-19; body depth 2.7-2.9 in SL; third dorsal spine longest, 2.25-2.4 in head; caudal fin slightly emarginate with a prolonged upper lobe; pale with six oblique dark bars on upper half of body, the posterior two narrow.

DESCRIPTION: Dorsal rays X,18 (17), anal rays III,7; all dorsal and anal soft rays branched, the last to base; pectoral rays 14 (15), all rays branched except uppermost; pelvic rays 1,5; branched caudal rays 8 + 7; upper and lower seg mented simple caudal rays 3; upper and lower procurrent caudal rays 5; lateral line scales 34; scales above lateral line to origin of dorsal fin 4; scales above lateral line to base of middle dorsal spines 3; scales below lateral line to origin of anal fin 14; oblique rows of scales on cheek 7; circumpeduncular scales 16; gill rakers 6 + 12 (6 + 13) (2 + IO developed); pseudobranchial filaments 25 (33); bran chiostegal rays 7; vertebrae IO + 16; supraneural (predorsal) bones 3, their ar rangement with neural spines and dorsal pterygiophores as follows: 0/0 + 0/2/1 + 1/1/l/, where O is a supraneural bone, I a neural spine, and numerals are the number of dorsal spines borne by each pterygiophore (Ahlstrom et al. 1976). Body moderately deep, the depth 2.9 (2.7) in SL, and compressed, the width 1.8 (1.75) in depth; dorsal profile of head nearly straight; head length 2.3 (2.25) in SL; snout length 4.05 (4.0) in head; orbit diameter 3.9 (4.15) in head; interorbital space slightly concave, the least bony width 4.1 in head; least depth of caudal peduncle 3.45 (3.5) in head; caudal peduncle length 2.5 in head. Mouth large, the maxilla reaching posterior to a vertical at rear edge of pupil, the upper jaw length 2.05 (2.1) in head; supramaxilla present; mouth terminal and oblique, the gape forming an angle of about 25° to horizontal axis of body; upper jaw with a band of villiform teeth in about eight irregular rows anteriorly, nar rowing to four or five along most of side of jaw, and ending in one or two rows; inner teeth of villiform band at front of jaw enlarged and inwardly depressible; a large incurved canine tooth on each side at front of upper jaw (two on one side of holotype), the symphyseal gap between canines one-third orbit diameter; lower jaw with a band of villiform teeth in about five rows anteriorly, narrowing to two along most of side of jaw, the inner teeth more than twice as long as outer, erect but inwardly depressible; a single row of teeth posteriorly in jaw; two inner sym physeal teeth of lower jaw enlarged and inwardly depressible; no canine teeth anteriorly in lower jaw, but a large incurved canine nearly half way back in jaw ( two on one side of holotype ); a narrow band of villiform teeth forming a V-shape on vomer, with two to three rows at apex of the V, narrowing to one row pos teriorly; a narrow band of villiform teeth on palatines in one to two irregular rows. Tongue slender and short with rounded tip, the dorsal surface smooth. Longest gill raker at angle, longer than longest gill filaments on first gill arch and half orbit diameter. Opercle with three flat spines, the middle one largest and most posterior, slightly closer to lower than upper spine; upper opercular spine more anterior than lower, both acute; opercular flap pointed; posterior edge of preopercle with 13-16 (27- 28) serrae, the comer irregular, the ventral margin with two retrorse

7 7

6 6

3 3

5 5

6 6

2 2

5 5

0 0

6 6

5 5

6 6

5 5

7 7

6 6

0 0

17.1 17.1

10.4 10.4 13.5 13.5

24 35

21.1 21.1

66.4 66.4

knappi knappi

21.4 21.4

43.4 43.4

21.7 21.7

broken broken

. .

broken broken

holotype holotype

8 8

2 2

8 8

4 4

9 9

8 8

9 9

8 8

6.5 6.5

14.8 14.8

II.I II.I

158.0 158.0

paratype paratype

P.jothyi P.jothyi

1 1 4.1

9 9 22.4

1 1 40 2 2 31.5

6 6 17.5

5 5 18.4

5 5 18

5 5

8 8

0 0 52

4 4 17.8 6 6 44

8 8 37.3

8 8 11.2

2 2 21.5

0 0

9.3 9.3

15.0 15.0

16.2 16.2 15

16.3 16.3 15.9

12.7 12.7 12

11.1 11.1

24.4 24.4 broken

38.4 38.4 37

69.2 69.2 70.0

34 21.2 21.2 21.5

broken broken

holotype holotype

Micronesica 29(2), 1996 1996 29(2), Micronesica

expressed expressed as percentages of the Standard Length

reaching half way to margin; too many small scales missing missing margin; to way too many scales half reaching small

Proportional Proportional measurements of type specimens of of species

fin fin

I. I.

Plectranthias Plectranthias

Table Table

Pelvic Pelvic length fin

Pelvic spine spine Pelvic length

Longest Longest anal ray

First First dorsal spine

Second Second anal spine

First First anal spine

Pectoral Pectoral fin length

Caudal Caudal length fin Longest Longest dorsal ray

Longest Longest dorsal spine Third Third anal spine

Dorsal Dorsal fin base

Prepelvic Prepelvic length

Anal Anal fin base Preanal Preanal length

Predorsal Predorsal length

Caudal Caudal peduncle length

Caudal Caudal peduncle depth

Upper Upper jaw length

Interorbital Interorbital width

Snout Snout length

Head Head length

Tenth Tenth dorsal spine

Body Body width

Body Body depth

Standard Standard Length (mm)

Orbit Orbit diameter

Lateral Lateral complete, line broadly arched over pectoral fin, its highest point be

Nostrils Nostrils in front of upper fourth of eye, the anterior in a membranous tube

small scales on on anal scales small

small small basally scales on dorsal fin posterior to fourth dorsal spine, those on soft

from from base of caudal and fin paired to fins determine their full extent.

on on dorsal part of head, extending forward to middle of interorbital scales space;

portion portion reaching more than one-third distance to margin (many missing); scales

outer outer narrow of flange preopercle, or ventral part of head except on interopercle;

on on cheek extending forward to anterior below fourth on maxilla, no of eye; scales

straight straight peduncular anteriorly ctenoid; progressively smaller scales scales section;

low low base of seventh dorsal spine, then paralleling dorsal contour of back to

distinctly higher posteriorly, posteriorly, higher distinctly the posterior due to larger but membrane slit a nearly

bone bone smooth.

diameter diameter from edge of orbit.

covering covering aperture from both posterior sides; nostril slightly more than a nostril

spines; margin margin spines; of subopercle and interopercle smooth; edge of suprascapular free 124 124 Randall: Two New Anthiine Fishes of the Genus Plectranthias 125

Origin of dorsal fin over base of third lateral-line scale; first dorsal spine short, 6. 7 in head, slightly more than half length of second dorsal spine; third dorsal spine clearly the longest, 2.25 (2.4) in head; tenth dorsal spine 4.95 (5.1) in head; fourth dorsal soft ray longest, 2.2 (2.5) in head; dorsal and caudal rays appear to be filamentous at their tips, but this may be due to damage to these fins; origin of anal fin below base of second dorsal soft ray; first anal spine 4. 7 (4.9) in head; second anal spine longest, 2.2 (2.55) in head; third anal spine 2.7 (2.85) in head; second anal soft ray longest, 1.8 in head; caudal fin of holotype with many rays broken; fin of paratype slightly emarginate with a prolonged upper lobe (first branched ray longest, the second and third also elongate), the fin length 1.55 in head, the caudal concavity 8.15 in head; pectoral fins pointed, the seventh or eighth ray longest, 1.35 (1.4) in head, 3.1 (3.2) in SL; origin of pelvic fins on a vertical through base of first dorsal spine; pelvic fins not reaching anus, their length l.8 (1.85) in head. Color in alcohol light brown with six diagonal blackish bars on upper half of body, the first from above anterior part of lateral line to nape and anterior first two dorsal spines, the second from base of fifth to eighth dorsal spines, the third from second to eighth dorsal soft rays, the fourth from twelfth to sixteenth dorsal soft rays, the narrow fifth from center of dorsal edge of caudal peduncle and the even narrower sixth at upper base of caudal fin; second and third dark bars joined ventrally, as are the last three; narrow diagonal spaces between dark bars paler than rest of body; fins pale except for dark bars extending a short distance into basal part of dorsal fin; a small dark spot slightly below center of caudal-fin base. Color in life unknown.

REMARKS: This species is named in honor of Alexander A. Jothy, formerly of the Fisheries Research Institute of Penang, Malaysia, who collected both speci mens. Plectranthias jothyi appears to have no closely related species among those of the genus. It shares the same meristic data with P. anthioides (Gunther), known from a single specimen from Sulawesi, except for the number of oblique rows of scales on the cheek (7 for jothyi, 5 for anthioides), and the dentition and scalation of the head are very similar. The two species differ as follows: only the uppermost pectoral ray unbranched on jothyi (upper two and lowermost pectoral rays un branched on anthioides); margin of interopercle smooth on jothyi (serrate on an thioides); head of jothyi larger, 2.25-2.3 in SL (2.5 in SL of anthioides); third dorsal spine shorter onjothyi, 2.25-2.4 in head (2.05 in head of anthioides); second anal spine shorter on jothyi, 2.2-2.55 in head (2.05 for anthioides); pelvic fins shorter in jothyi, 1.8-1.85 in head (1.75 in anthioides); caudal fin emarginate with pro longed upper lobe injothyi (rounded in anthioides), and in color. P. anthioides is described as having indistinct blackish spots on the back and a blackish band along the median line of the nape. Plectranthias jothyi bears some resemblance to P. kamii. The latter differs in having 13 instead of 14 or 15 pectoral rays; 5 1/2 scales above the lateral line to the origin of the dorsal fin (4 injothyi); and in color. P. kamii has three series of 126 Micronesica 29(2), 1996 diffuse dark blotches, eight in the series along the back, the last four of the second series extending as faint bars to the ventral part of the body. Plectranthias knappi, n. sp. Fig. 2, Table 1 HOLOTYPE: USNM 219865, mature female, 66.0 mm SL, Philippine Islands, Visayan Sea between northern Negros and Masbate Island, southwest of Caru ruan Point (l 1°38'0''N, 123°52'38"E), 89.7 m, 24.5-m otter trawl, "Sting Ray V", L. W. Knapp, 5 June 1978.

DIAGNOSIS: Dorsal rays X,16; pectoral rays 14; lateral-line scales 29; oblique rows of scales on cheek 6; scales extending dorsally on head to nostrils; maxilla and ventral part of head naked; posterior margin of preopercle serrate, the ventral margin with 2 antrorse spines; a few serrae on subopercle and interopercle; gill rakers 16; body depth 2.45 in SL; eye large, 3.35 in head; third dorsal spine longest, 2.15 in head; color in alcohol uniform light yellowish brown.

DESCRIPTION: Dorsal rays X,16; anal rays 111,7;pectoral rays 14, all branched except uppermost; pelvic rays 1,5; branched caudal rays 8 + 7; upper and lower segmented simple caudal rays 3; upper and lower procurrent caudal rays 5; lateral line scales 29; scales above lateral line to origin of dorsal fin 3; scales above lateral line to base of middle dorsal spine 2; scales below lateral line to origin of anal fin 10; diagonal scale rows on cheek 6; circumpeduncular scales 14; gill rakers 6 + 10 (2 + 8 developed); pseudobranchial filaments 18; branchiostegal rays 7; ver tebrae 10 + 16; supraneural (predorsal) bones 3, their arrangement with neural spines and dorsal pterygiophores as follows: 0/0 + 0/2/1 + 1/1/1/, where O is a supraneural bone, / a neural spine, and numerals the number of dorsal spines borne by each pterygiophore (Ahlstrom et al., 1976). Body deep, the depth 2.45 in SL, and compressed, the width 1.85 in depth; dorsal profile of head slightly convex; head length 2.2 in SL; snout length 4.75 in head; eye large, the orbit diameter 3.35 in head; interorbital space flat, the least bony width 9.9 in head; depth of caudal peduncle 3.4 in head. Mouth large, the maxilla extending nearly to a vertical at rear edge of orbit, the upper jaw length 2.1 in head; supramaxilla present; mouth terminal and slightly oblique, the gape forming an angle of about 20° to horizontal axis of body; upper jaw with a band of small villiform teeth in about seven or eight rows anteriorly, narrowing to one or two rows posteriorly; a few inner depressible medial teeth at front of jaw enlarged; a moderate canine tooth anteriorly on each side of upper jaw, the symphyseal gap 2.35 in orbit diameter; lower jaw with a narrower band of small villiform teeth, in about five to six rows anteriorly; no canine teeth at front of lower jaw; a close-set pair of canine teeth about half way back on side of lower jaw; a V-shaped band of small villiform teeth on vomer, the apex with about five rows of teeth, narrowing posteriorly on each side to two rows; a band of small villiform teeth in three to four rows on palatines. Tongue slender with rounded tip, the dorsal surface smooth. Gill rakers not long, the

head length, about halflength of second spine; third dorsal spine distinctly longest, longest, distinctly spine dorsal third spine; of second halflength about length, head

ventral part of head naked; small scales basally on all fins (many scales lost). lost). scales (many fins all on basally scales small naked; head of part ventral

on suborbital extending forward to below anterior edge of pupil; maxilla and and maxilla pupil; of edge anterior below to forward extending suborbital on

anteriorly, those across middle interorbital space in one to two rows; small scales scales small rows; two to one in space interorbital middle across those anteriorly,

margin with two antrorse spines; a few indistinct serrae on margin of subopercle subopercle of margin on serrae indistinct few a spines; antrorse two with margin ctenoid; scales dorsally on head extending forward to nostrils, only slightly smaller smaller slightly only nostrils, to forward extending head on scales dorsally ctenoid;

contour of body, the last pored scale at base of caudal fin; scales moderately moderately scales fin; caudal of base at scale pored last the body, of contour

opercular flap pointed, projecting diagonally upward. upward. diagonally projecting pointed, flap opercular

preopercle. preopercle. and interopercle; free edge of suprascapular bone with a few irregular serrae; serrae; irregular few a with bone suprascapular of edge free interopercle; and

five prominent mandibular pores, the last just in front of anterior free edge of of edge free anterior of front in just last the pores, mandibular prominent five

lower, both acute; posterior margin of preopercle with 22 serrae, the short lower lower short the serrae, 22 with preopercle of margin posterior acute; both lower,

ihr otrol; otro nsrl ag ad vt wt alwfeh i, sepa rim, fleshy low a with ovate and large nostril posterior posteriorly; higher

filaments on first gill arch, 3.3 in orbit diameter. diameter. orbit in 3.3 arch, gill first on filaments

rated from edge of orbit by about a nostril diameter. A large pore at lower edge edge lower at pore large A diameter. nostril a about by orbit of edge from rated

lower than upper spine, and slightly upcurved; upper spine more anterior than than anterior more spine upper upcurved; slightly and spine, upper than lower

longest on lower limb adjacent to one at angle slightly shorter than longest gill gill longest than shorter slightly angle at one to adjacent limb lower on longest

of suborbital below posterior nostril and another below anterior edge of orbit; orbit; of edge anterior below another and nostril posterior below suborbital of

Origin of dorsal fin above second lateral-line scale; first dorsal spine 6.0 in in 6.0 spine dorsal first scale; lateral-line second above fin dorsal of Origin

Three flat spines on opercle, the middle one largest, most posterior, closer to to closer posterior, most largest, one middle the opercle, on spines flat Three

Lateral line complete, highly arched over pectoral region, paralleling dorsal dorsal paralleling region, pectoral over arched highly complete, line Lateral

Anterior nostril in front of center of eye, in a membranous tube which is is which tube membranous a in eye, of center of front in nostril Anterior

Figure Figure

Sea, Philippines. Philippines. Sea,

2. 2.

Holotype of of Holotype

Randall: Two New Anthiine Fishes of the Genus Genus the of Fishes Anthiine New Two Randall:

Plectranthias knappi, knappi, Plectranthias

USNM USNM

21985, 21985,

Plectranthias Plectranthias

66 mm SL, Visayan Visayan SL, mm 66 127 127

is is

It It

longer longer

from from 280

35809, 71 71 35809,

and and a longer

Plectranthias Plectranthias

kamii kamii

whee/en), whee/en),

The The above com

Randall, Randall, the two

(BPBM (BPBM

was was collected by hook

whee/en), whee/en),

Plectranthias Plectranthias parini

It It

whee/en). whee/en).

Plectranthias Plectranthias

P. P. wheeleri

P/ectranthias P/ectranthias

differs differs in having instead 14 of 13

3.05 3.05 for

were were made with the two type specimens of

P. P. knappi

Plectranthias Plectranthias rubrifasciatus

Micronesica Micronesica 29(2), 1996

knappi knappi

is is very closely related to

at 25°S, 97.5°W. at 97.5°W. 25°S,

Range Range Extensions for Species of

24777, 37--40 mm) mm) from m 57 off 37--40 24777, Mauritius.

Ridge Ridge

This species is named named is This in honor species W. of Knapp Leslie of the National

a a greater body depth in 2.6-2.8 versus SL, (2.45 for

70.7 70.7 and 82.8 mm SL, and two reported from Taiwan by Lee (1990),

(BPBM (BPBM

Gomez Gomez

Louis Louis H. DiSalvo provided the second specimen of

The The author and Daniel Pelicier collected three specimens of

Joseph Joseph Poupin sent collected in fishes French Polynesia to the Bishop Mu

Pierre Pierre Fourmanoir two collected of specimens

Plectranthias Plectranthias knappi

Color Color in alcohol brown; light yellowish color life unknown.

whee/en), whee/en),

Salay Salay

previously previously known only from the holotype taken by trawl in 260-272 m on the

and and from a line depth mat of 230 was This species Easter Island 109.2"W). (27°S,

derson derson and Randall (BPBM 33460, mm) 164 (Fig. 3).

in in this count.

inermis inermis very unusual unusual very for the in genus having XI dorsal probably spines, hence abnormal

Caledonia. Caledonia. This second of specimen was the taken species by trap in m. 200

seum which included included of which a seum specimen

d'Histoire d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris. mm), mm), otherwise known only from one 49-mm specimen taken in min 100 New

(BPBM 24784, 209 mm), and and mm), the mm to Museum sent the SL, other, National 209 24784, 191 (BPBM

of of this in species the Islands. Society One was deposited in the Bishop Museum

wheeleri, wheeleri,

m m off Moorea and provided a color photograph, thus establishing the presence

dorsal dorsal and second anal of spines these specimens.

78.1 78.1 and 78.9 mm SL. Sin-Che Lee kindly provided measurements of the third

parisons parisons with the holotype of

third third dorsal in head, spine (2.15 compared to 2.45-2.85 in

of of

second second anal spine in (1.85 head, versus 2.25

ably ably representing an undescribed species.

Museum of Natural Natural Museum of holotype prob the as History it collected who and recognized

REMARKS: REMARKS: pectoral rays, a larger eye (3.35 in head, head, in compared paratype pectoral 70.7-mm (3.35 for a to a rays, 3.75 larger eye

having having many characters in common.

128 128

anus, anus, 7 in head. their length 1.

fins, fins, on a vertical below first lateral-line scale; pelvic just fins reaching edge of

and and pointed more anterior than fins to illustrated; pectoral base of of pelvic origin

second second anal soft ray longest, 2.0 in head; caudal-fin rays broken, the fin shape

length; length; second anal spine longest, 1.85 in head; third anal spine 2.75 in head;

origin origin of anal fin below base of third dorsal soft ray; first anal in spine 3.35 head

2.15 2.15 in head; tenth dorsal spine 4.4 in head; anterior dorsal soft rays broken;

probably slightly emarginate; middle pectoral pectoral probably emarginate; middle probably broken, rays slightly fin the longer

., ., _

mega/epis mega/epis

Joseph Poupin. Thanks are also due Arnold Y. Suzumoto who took radiographs, radiographs, took who Suzumoto Y. Arnold due also are Thanks Poupin. Joseph

Jones, Alexander A. Jothy, Leslie W. Knapp, Daniel Pelicier, Robert Pflum, and and Pflum, Robert Pelicier, Daniel Knapp, W. Leslie Jothy, A. Alexander Jones,

hsrm E H, .L Bte & .J Smd. 1976 Sumida. J. B. & Butler L. J. H., E. Ahlstrom,

Randall for reviewing the manuscript. manuscript. the reviewing for Randall

drawing of of drawing

of of

Sin-Che Lee and Kwang-Tsao Shao who provided data on Taiwanese specimens specimens Taiwanese on data provided who Shao Kwang-Tsao and Lee Sin-Che shall Islands (BPBM 19626, 25 mm); Kwajalein, Marshall Islands (BPBM 19964, 19964, (BPBM Islands Marshall Kwajalein, mm); 25 19626, (BPBM Islands shall

Reef, Coral Sea (BPBM 31789, 2: 15-19 mm). mm). 15-19 2: 31789, (BPBM Sea Coral Reef,

DiSalvo, William Einziger, Pierre Fourmanoir, Edwin Grandcourt, Robert S. S. Robert Grandcourt, Edwin Fourmanoir, Pierre Einziger, William DiSalvo, mm); Osprey Reef, Coral Sea (BPBM 31762, 2: 12-22 mm); and Bougainville Bougainville and mm); 12-22 2: 31762, (BPBM Sea Coral Reef, Osprey mm);

reported herein: Paul M. Allen, David David Allen, M. Paul herein: reported

lands (BPBM 21111, 19 mm); Sumilon Island, Philippines (BPBM 21088, 22 22 mm); 21088, (BPBM Philippines Island, Sumilon 19 mm); 21111, (BPBM lands

BB 350 : 11 2: 35570, (BPBM

Batangas, Luzon (BPBM 21089, 26 mm; BPBM 23464, 34 mm); and Seychelles Seychelles and mm); 34 23464, BPBM mm; 26 21089, (BPBM Luzon Batangas,

Sea (BPBM 31790, 24 mm) 24 31790, (BPBM Sea

30 mm); Bega, Fiji (BPBM 20866, 2: 29-64 mm); and Bougainville Reef, Coral Coral Reef, Bougainville and mm); 29-64 2: 20866, (BPBM Fiji Bega, mm); 30

Plectranthias, Plectranthias,

(Pisces, Perciformes) of the eastern Pacific: kinds, distributions, and early life life early and distributions, kinds, Pacific: eastern the of Perciformes) (Pisces,

The range of of range The

Additional specimens of of specimens Additional

Localities of of Localities

I am grateful to the following persons for collecting or providing specimens specimens providing or collecting for persons following the to grateful am I

iue 3 Figure

has 17 principal caudal rays, and Phillip C. Heemstra and Helen A. A. Helen and Heemstra C. Phillip and rays, caudal principal 17 has

P. parini P.

. .

lcrnha parini Plectranthias

Randall

Mark Thomas for the drawing of of drawing the for Thomas Mark

P. winniensis winniensis P.

P. nanus nanus P.

, ,

19 19 mm)

Anthony C. Gill for determining that the holotype of of holotype the that determining for Gill C. Anthony

: :

Two New Anthiine Fishes of the Genus Genus the Fishes of Anthiine New Two

is extended to Tahuata, Marquesas (BPBM 16429, 19 19 16429, (BPBM Marquesas Tahuata, to extended is

. .

Acknowledgments Acknowledgments

, ,

o rpre peiul icue nwtk Mar Enewetak, include previously reported not

/ongimanus /ongimanus

BPBM 33460, 164 mm, Easter Island. Island. Easter 164 mm, 33460, BPBM

References References

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Boulle, Kent E. Carpenter, Louis H. H. Louis Carpenter, E. Kent Boulle,

eecletd t lti Crln Is Caroline Ulithi, at collected were

. .

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jothyi, jothyi,

Plectranthias Plectranthias

Lori Grove for the the for Grove Lori

P. P. 9 9 130 Micronesica 29(2), 1996

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: :

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a new anthiine fish (Per fish anthiine new a

P. gardineri. gardineri. P.

Japanese Japanese 131 131