RANDALL New Pseudanthias species 79

Two New Serranid Fishes of the Genus Pseudanthias from the Western Indian Ocean

John E. Randall

Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice St., Honolulu, HI 96817-2704, USA e-mail: [email protected]

Received 8 October 2010; accepted 13 March 2011

ABSTRACT. Pseudanthias bimarginatus, described RÉSUMÉ. L’espèce Pseudanthias birginatus, décrite from five specimens collected in 48 m at the à partir de 5 échantillons collectionnés à 48 m à Maldive Islands, is characterized by 16 dorsal Maldives, possède les caractéristiques suivantes : soft rays, 16 or 17 pectoral rays, 42–43 lateral-line 16 douces raies dorsales, 16 ou 17 raies pectorales, scales, 10–11 + 22–25 gill rakers, slender body 42–43 écailles sur les lignes latérales, corps mince, (depth 3.0–3.3 in SL), thickened front of upper lip, le devant de la lèvre supérieure incliné, papilles no serrae on subopercle or interopercle, orbital orbitales, pas de colonnes dorsales rallongées, papillae, no elongate dorsal spines, lunate caudal nageoire caudale semi-lunaire, deux petites fin, two narrow magenta bands dorsally on head bandes dorsales magenta sur la tête joignant le that join across front of snout and medially on museau frontal ; la nageoire caudale du male est nape; caudal fin of male red grading to yellow rouge et jaunit petit à petit, avec des marges bleue- posteriorly, with very broad, lavender-blue, upper lavande supérieures et inferieures très larges. and lower margins. P. unimarginatus, represented L’espèce P. unimarginatus, représentée par un by one 52.6-mm male specimen collected in 53 m at échantillon de 52.6 mm pris à 53 m à l’Ile Maurice Mauritius, shares the morphological characters of possède les caractéristiques morphologiques de P. P. bimarginatus except for having 18 pectoral rays bimarginatus, à l’exception du fait de posséder 18 and 9 + 25 gill rakers; it differs in colour principally raies pectorales; la différence réside dans la couleur in having a yellow caudal fin with only a broad également en ceci qu’il possède une nageoire upper lavender-blue margin and a submarginal caudale jaune avec une seule marge supérieure red band. Both species are close relatives of P. bleu-lavande et une bande sous-marginale rouge. parvirostris from Indonesia, Solomon Islands, and Toutes les deux espèces sont proches parentes de Palau, which differs in having more numerous P. parvirostris d’Indonésie, des Iles Salomon, et preopercular serrae, no serrae on subopercle and Palau, avec la différence que ce dernier possède interopercle, modally fewer gill-raker, and in plus des serrae pré-operculaires et une coloration caudal-fin colouration. de nageoire caudale différente.

KEY WORDS: taxonomy, Serranidae, Pseudanthias, new species, Western Indian Ocean

INTRODUCTION They listed the 65 nominal species then placed in the genus Pseudanthias, of which 49 were regarded The Indo-Pacific fish genus Pseudanthias contains as valid. Two new species of Pseudanthias are small, colourful, coral-reef fishes of the family described in the present paper, one represented Serranidae, subfamily Anthiinae, that are usually by five specimens collected in 48 m in the Maldive found in aggregations. They feed on zooplankton Islands in 1988 and misidentified by Randall well above the substratum, but quickly take shelter & Anderson (1993) as P. parvirostris Randall & in the reef when threatened. Males are larger, Lubbock, and the other by a single male specimen generally more colourful, and maintain a harem. If taken in 53 m at Mauritius in 1980. Regrettably, no a male is removed, the dominant female changes additional specimens are known of either species. in time to a male and assumes control of the harem (Shapiro, 1981). Bleeker (1871; 1873) described the genus MATERIALS AND METHODS Pseudanthias for six species. Boulenger (1895), however, regarded it as a synonym of Anthias, and Type specimens have been deposited in the he was followed until Katayama in Masuda et al. Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu (BPBM); the (1984) and Katayama & Amaoka (1986) recognized South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Pseudanthias as a valid genus. Grahamstown (SAIAB); and the U.S. National Randall & Pyle (2001) described four new Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. species of Pseudanthias from the South Pacific. (USNM).

15 April 2011 80 RANDALL New Pseudanthias species

Lengths given for specimens are standard limb count is given first, and the raker at the angle length (SL), the straight-line distance from the is included in the lower-limb count. median anterior point of the upper lip to the base of the caudal fin (posterior end of hypural plate). Pseudanthias bimarginatus sp. nov. Head length (HL) is measured from the same Pl. 1 A-C; Tables 1, 3 anterior point to the posterior end of the opercular membrane, and snout length from the same point Pseudanthias parvirostris (non Randall & Lubbock), to the fleshy edge of the orbit. Body depth is the Randall & Anderson 1993: 14 (Maldive Islands). greatest depth from the base of the dorsal spines; Pseudanthias parvirostris (non Randall & Lubbock), body width is the greatest width measured just Kuiter 1998: 76, upper figs (Maldive). posterior to the gill opening. Orbit diameter is the greatest fleshy diameter, and interorbital width the Holotype. BPBM 34697, male, 48.0 mm, Republic least bony width. Caudal-peduncle depth is the of Maldives, North Malé Atoll, lagoon, east side of least depth; caudal-peduncle length is measured Furana Island, steep rocky bottom, 48 m, rotenone, horizontally from the rear base of the anal fin to the J. E. Randall, R. C. Anderson & M. S. Adam, 29 caudal-fin base. Predorsal, preanal, and prepelvic October 1988. lengths are taken from the front of the upper lip to the origin of the respective fins. Lengths of fin Paratypes. BPBM 41006, 33.9 mm; SAIAB 86490, spines and soft rays are measured to their extreme 2: 38.8–43.1 mm; USNM 398058, 36.8 mm, all with base. same data as holotype. Proportional measurements are given in the tables as a percentage of the standard length. DIAGNOSIS. Dorsal-fin rays X,16; anal-fin rays III, Proportions in the text are ratios rounded to the 7; pectoral-fin rays 16–17 (usually 17); lateral-line nearest 0.05. Lateral-line scale counts include all scales 42–43; gill rakers 10–11 + 22–24; body depth pored scales. Gill-raker counts were made on the 3.0–3.3 in SL; head length 2.9–3.1 in SL; papillae first gill arch and include rudiments; the upper- on posterior edge of orbit; no serrae on edge of subopercle or interopercle; snout length 3.75–4.45 Table 1. Proportional measurements of type specimens of Pseudanthias bimarginatus as percentages of the standard length

Holotype Paratypes BPBM BPBM USNM SAIAB SAIAB 34697 41006 398058 86490 86490 Sex male female female female male Standard Length (mm) 48.0 33.9 36.8 38.8 43.1 Body depth 30.2 33.0 32.9 30.8 30.3 Body width 15.0 17.7 15.0 17.2 16.6 Head length 32.2 33.3 34.4 34.1 32.7 Snout length 7.5 8.9 8.2 7.7 8.3 Orbit diameter 9.1 11.6 11.1 10.4 9.7 Interorbital width 8.6 9.7 9.7 9.2 8.8 Upper-jaw length 16.6 16.4 16.6 16.7 16.5 Caudal-peduncle depth 13.9 15.4 15.9 15.1 15.5 Caudal-peduncle length 20.6 20.0 20.7 18.5 18.5 Predorsal length 32.7 34.9 33.8 34.0 33.3 Preanal length 59.3 60.4 60.0 60.2 59.5 Prepelvic length 33.4 34.1 34.2 33.8 34.0 Dorsal-fin base 54.3 53.9 53.7 53.9 54.1 First dorsal spine 5.8 5.6 5.6 5.4 6.0 Third dorsal spine 10.6 12.9 12.8 12.4 12.2 Tenth dorsal spine 11.6 14.1 13.9 12.6 13.4 Longest dorsal ray broken 20.9 19.5 18.5 18.9 Anal-fin base 21.2 22.5 21.5 22.2 20.8 First anal spine 8.7 9.2 9.4 9.1 8.9 Second anal spine 11.8 12.1 13.3 12.8 11.9 Third anal spine 12.9 14.6 broken 14.5 13.5 Longest anal ray broken 24.1 24.4 22.7 25.6 Caudal-fin length 41.7 40.9 40.5 39.4 42.1 Caudal concavity 26.3 27.2 24.7 24.3 27.6 Pectoral-fin length 31.7 34.9 31.4 32.2 33.0 Pelvic spine length 17.1 19.5 16.6 18.6 16.5 Pelvic-fin length 37.5 33.2 33.5 27.7 30.1

Smithiana Bulletin 13: 79 - 87 RANDALL New Pseudanthias species 81 in HL; front of upper lip thickened and moderately snout at base of upper lip, the tubule longest protuberant; bony interorbital width 3.45–3.75 in dorsoposteriorly; posterior nostril obliquely HL; fourth to tenth dorsal spines subequal, 2.15– dorsoposterior to anterior nostril, about a nostril 2.8 in HL; caudal fin lunate, 2.4-2.55 in SL; males diameter before fleshy edge of orbit, with a well- lavender-pink, the head yellow dorsally with developed narrow rim, except posteriorly. narrow magenta bands; caudal fin red with broad, Opercle with three flat spines, the middle at level upper and lower lavender-blue margins; females of centre of eye, clearly largest and most posterior, mainly yellow with flecks of magenta, the head closer to lower than upper spine; upper opercular with the same magenta bands as male; fins mainly spine nearly covered by scales; posterior margin yellow with a narrow magenta margin. of preopercle with small serrae, 32 in holotype, ending with three very small serrae at upper part DESCRIPTION. Dorsal-fin rays X, 16; anal-fin rays of rounded corner; no serrae on subopercle or III, 7; pectoral-fin rays 17 (17, one count of 16 on one interopercle. side); pelvic-fin rays I, 5; principal caudal-fin rays Scales ctenoid; no auxiliary scales on body; head 15, the median 13 branched; lateral-line scales 43 scaled except for throat and gill membranes, lips, (42–43); scales above lateral line to origin of dorsal extreme front of snout, and a broad zone on side fin 5; scales below lateral line to origin of anal fin of snout that includes nostrils; scales extending 14; circumpeduncular scales 21; gill rakers 10–11 + out on dorsal fin up to three-fourths distance to 22–24 (9 + 23–24); branchiostegal rays 7; vertebrae margin; scales on anal fin about half distance to 26; supraneural (predorsal) bones 2. margin of anal fin; small scales on caudal fin nearly Body moderately elongate, depth 3.0 (3.0–3.3) reaching posterior margin; scales present on about in SL, and compressed, width 2.0 (1.8–2.2) in body basal fourth of pectoral fins; scales extending out depth; head length 3.1 (2.9–3.05) in SL; snout length on rays of pelvic fins almost to level of spine tip; 4.3 (3.75–4.45) in HL; upper lip thickened medially a midventral triangular scaly process of about 10 and moderately protuberant; eye large, orbit large scales at base of pelvic fins extending about diameter 3.75 (2.85–3.4) in HL; ventroposterior half distance to spine tip. edge of orbit with prominent fleshy papillae (18 Lateral line a smooth curve following contour on holotype); interorbital space convex; bony of back, ending at or slightly anterior to base of interorbital width 3.75 (3.45–3.7) in HL; caudal- hypural plate; some pores of cephalic lateralis peduncle depth 2.3 (2.1–2.25) in HL; caudal- system obscured by scales; still prominent: a pore peduncle length 1.55 (1.65–1.85) in HL. anterior to nostrils; one between nostrils; two Mouth slightly inferior and oblique, forming in interorbital space, one behind the other, just an angle of about 35° to horizontal axis of body; anterior to centre of eye; a series around posterior maxilla reaching posterior to centre of eye, the part of eye, one between each pair of orbital upper-jaw length 1.95 (2.0–2.05) in HL; posterior papillae; and a series of five from above posterior end of maxilla strongly rounded dorsally, the end of maxilla to below nostrils (two below middle lower corner only slightly rounded; greatest depth of eye very close together). of maxilla 1.9 in orbit diameter; a small, recurved Origin of dorsal fin above second lateral-line canine tooth on each side at front of upper jaw that scale, the predorsal length 3.05 (2.9–3.0) in SL; first angles anteriorly and laterally, separated by a gap dorsal spine 5.55 (5.45–6.3) in HL; third dorsal spine about equal to pupil diameter, and followed by a 3.0 (2.55–2.8) in HL; fourth to tenth dorsal spines row of forward-curving teeth (19 on holotype); teeth subequal, the tenth 2.8 (2.35–2.7) in HL; longest in middle of side of upper jaw longest; a band of dorsal soft ray (1.6–1.85) in HL; origin of anal fin villiform teeth in about 5 rows posterior to anterior below base of second dorsal soft ray, the preanal canines, extending medially at front of jaw and length 1.7 (1.65-1.7) in SL; first anal spine 3.7 (3.65– narrowing to a single row as it passes posteriorly 3.75) in HL; second anal spine 2.7 (2.5–2.75) in HL; on side of jaw; a small stout canine on each side at third anal spine 2.5 (2.3–2.4) in HL; longest anal front of lower jaw that projects strongly forward soft ray (1.3–1.5) in HL; caudal fin lunate, the lobe and laterally, fitting just medial to upper canine tips filamentous, 2.4 (2.4–2.55) in SL (upper lobe of that side when jaw closed; side of lower jaw of caudal fin damaged after photograph taken; with a row of about 18 forward-projecting, slightly measurement of caudal-fin length taken from curved teeth, preceded by two or three short, photo); caudal concavity 3.8 (3.65–4.1); pectoral stout, conical teeth; a few rudimentary teeth in an fins pointed, the tenth ray longest, 3.15 (2.9–3.2) approximate triangular shape on vomer; a single in SL; pelvic fins long, reaching beyond spinous row of small conical teeth on palatines; tongue portion of anal fin in male holotype, to or nearly to narrowly triangular, with a strongly pointed tip; origin of anal fin in paratypes, 2.65 (3.0–3.6) in SL. gill rakers long and slender, the longest about 1.5 times longer than longest gill filaments. Colour in alcohol. Light beige with no dark markings; Anterior nostril a short membranous tubule fins pale yellowish. Colour of male holotype when about equidistant to edge of orbit and front of fresh: lavender-pink, the head yellow dorsally,

15 April 2011 82 RANDALL New Pseudanthias species with a narrow magenta band across front of snout, snout length of bimarginatus 7.5-8.9% SL, compared continuing to edge of orbit on each side, and to 6.1–7.3 % SL for parvirostris; longest dorsal spine curving back to form a median band posteriorly of bimarginatus 11.6–14.1% SL, compared to 10.2– on nape; a narrow magenta band from orbit at 11.5% SL for parvirosris; third anal spine 12.9–14.6% level of upper edge of iris to above upper end of for bimarginatus, compared to 10.1–12.0% SL for gill opening, a broader but less distinct magenta parvirostris. band from orbit at level of centre of eye to yellow As a reviewer of the manuscript for this opercular flap; ventral part of head pinkish white; paper, Gerald R. Allen recalled that he had iris yellow and pale blue with a ventroposterior taken underwater photographs of two males magenta arc; caudal fin red with broad upper and of Pseudanthias parvirostris in Indonesia that lower pinkish blue margins; dorsal and anal fins were unusual in having the central part of the pinkish blue, the dorsal fin with an indistinct pink caudal fin red, not yellow, and had succeeded in margin, and the anal fin with a narrow blue margin; collecting the specimens. He provided the author pectoral fins with pale pink rays and transparent with the photographs, and the specimens (WAM membranes; pelvic fins with pale yellowish rays P.31526.017, 52 mm SL, from Pulau Weh at the and translucent membranes. western end of Sumatra and WAM P.32976.001, 49 Colour of 33.9-mm female paratype when fresh: mm SL, from Halmahera) were sent on loan from yellow, shading to pinkish white on abdomen and the Western Australian Museum. Based on the gill- ventrally on head, with magenta flecks, mainly one raker and measurement differences given above, per scale, on dorsal two-thirds of body; narrow the WAM specimens proved to be P. parvirostris. magenta bands on head and iris as described for The colour of the body on the Indonesian holotype; median and pelvic fins yellow, becoming photographs was not entirely lavender-pink as on darker yellow on scaled basal part, the margins terminal males of P. bimarginatus, but yellow with pink except posteriorly. pink or lavender spots, the Pulau Weh fish with some red continuing from the central part of the ETYMOLOGY. This species is named P. bimarginatus caudal fin dorsally on the body. for its most conspicuous colour feature, the broad, lavender-blue, upper and lower margins of the COMPARATIVE MATERIAL EXAMINED. Pseudanthias caudal fin. parvirostris, Solomon Islands, Alite Reef (off Malaita), BPBM 15603, 2: 24–32 mm; BPBM 15605, REMARKS. The five specimens of this species from 48.3 mm (holotype); BPBM 16193, 51: 31–70 the Maldives were first identified by Randall & mm; BPBM 20448, 4: 23.5–26 mm (paratypes). Anderson (1993: 14) as Pseudanthias parvirostris Indonesia, Banda Sea, Lucipara Islands (west of Randall & Lubbock, type locality Solomon Islands. Penyu Islands), BPBM 32334, 38 mm, BPBM 34196, The colour pattern of fish from the two island 40 mm. Palau, Ngemlis Island, BPBM 37729, 39 groups is very similar, in particular the pattern of mm. the narrow magenta bands dorsally on the head, but the difference in caudal-fin colouration of the male phase (centrally yellow in the Solomons fish Pseudanthias unimarginatus sp. nov. and red in the Maldives) prompted morphological Pl. 2A, B; Tables 2, 3 comparison. No meristic difference was noted for fin rays or scales, but an unusual difference was Holotype. BPBM 22924, male, 52.6 mm, Mauritius, found in the gill-raker counts, modally one fewer west coast, reef about 2 miles north of Flic en Flac, upper-limb rakers for Maldives fish and a higher 53 m, bottom mainly rock with little live coral, average count of lower-limb rakers (Table 3). anaesthetic, D. Pelicier and J. E. Randall, 27 March Other differences supporting recognition of the 1980. two as separate species include more numerous and smaller preopercular serrae in P. bimarginatus, DIAGNOSIS. Dorsal-fin rays X, 16; anal-fin rays III, compared to P. parvirostris of the same size, the 7; pectoral-fin rays 18; lateral-line scales 43; gill serrae ending dorsally on the rounded corner of rakers 9 + 25; body depth 3.05 in SL; head length the preopercle in bimarginatus, but continuing 3.1 in SL; anterior end of upper lip thickened; onto the entire rounded corner in parvirostris, and papillae ventroposteriorly on edge of orbit; no no serrae on the margins of the subopercle and serrae on edge of subopercle or interopercle; snout interopercle of bimarginatus, compared to well- length 3.9 in HL; bony interorbital width 4.0 in HL; developed serrae in parvirostris. P. bimarginatus fourth to tenth dorsal spines subequal, 2.8 in HL; has a distinct naked zone, about one-half pupil caudal fin lunate, 2.3 in SL; body orange-yellow, diameter in width, anteriorly on the snout. The shading to pale lavender-yellow ventrally; head scales dorsally on the snout of P. parvirostris extend yellow, paler ventrally; a large elliptical orange forward to the base of the upper lip. Differences area, bordered by magenta, dorsally on head in body and fin proportions include the following: from snout to nape; anterior end of upper lip pale

Smithiana Bulletin 13: 79 - 87 RANDALL New Pseudanthias species 83

Table 2. Proportional measurements of holotype of convex; bony interorbital width 4.0 in HL; caudal- Pseudanthias unimarginatus as percentages of the peduncle depth 2.3 in HL; caudal-peduncle length standard length 1.45 in HL. BPBM Mouth slightly inferior and oblique, forming 22924 an angle of about 35° to horizontal axis of body; Sex male maxilla nearly reaching a vertical at posterior edge of orbit, the upper-jaw length 1.95 in HL; Standard length (mm) 52.6 posterior end of maxilla strongly rounded dorsally, Body depth 32.7 the lower corner only slightly rounded; greatest Body width 16.8 depth of maxilla 1.8 in orbit diameter; a recurved Head length 32.2 canine tooth on each side at front of upper jaw, the Snout length 8.2 symphyseal gap nearly equal to pupil diameter; an outer row of 19 moderately large, forward-curving Orbit diameter 9.5 teeth on side of upper jaw; a stout canine on each Interorbital width 8.1 side at front of lower jaw (two adjacent teeth on Upper-jaw length 16.4 right side) that project strongly forward and Caudal-peduncle depth 14.8 slightly lateral; a band of villiform teeth in lower jaw, the outer row enlarged; a few tiny teeth in a Caudal-peduncle length 22.4 chevron-shape on vomer; an irregular row of very Predorsal length 33.8 small conical teeth on palatines; tongue narrowly Preanal length 57.3 triangular, the tip strongly pointed; gill rakers long Prepelvic length 32.3 and slender, the longest 1.7 in orbit diameter. Anterior nostril a short membranous tubule, Dorsal-fin base 54.3 higher dorsoposteriorly, anterior to upper edge of First dorsal spine 5.4 pupil, about half distance to front of snout; posterior Third dorsal spine 11.4 nostril obliquely dorsoposterior to anterior nostril, Tenth dorsal spine 13.0 its greatest diameter about half internarial space. Longest dorsal ray 17.7 Opercle with three flat spines, the middle at level of centre of eye, largest and most posterior, Anal-fin base 20.9 equidistant to upper and lower spines; upper First anal spine 7.6 opercular spine nearly covered by scales; posterior Second anal spine 10.3 margin of preopercle with 22 small serrae; most Third anal spine 12.1 of rounded corner and ventral margin preopercle smooth; no serrae on subopercle or interopercle. Longest anal ray 25.2 Scales ctenoid; no auxiliary scales on body; head Caudal-fin length 43.8 scaled except for throat and gill membranes, lips, Caudal concavity 29.6 and a broad zone on side of snout that includes Pectoral-fin length 32.0 nostrils; scales dorsally on snout extending to base Pelvic-spine length 14.3 of upper lip; scales extending out on dorsal fin about three-fourths distance to margin at juncture Pelvic-fin length 34.2 of spinous and soft portions of fin, progressively lavender-pink; caudal fin yellow with a broad pale less anteriorly and posteriorly in fin; scales basally blue upper margin and red submarginal band that in anal fin about half way out on fin anteriorly in narrows posteriorly; remaining fins translucent soft portion, progressively less posteriorly; small yellow, the dorsal fin with a pink margin, and the scales on caudal fin reaching at least three-fourths anal and pelvic fins with a narrow blue margin. distance to posterior margin; pectoral fins with scales on about basal fourth; pelvic fins with a DESCRIPTION. Dorsal-fin rays X, 16; anal-fin rays triangular midventral process of about 12 scales III, 7; pectoral-fin rays 18; scales above lateral that reaches about half distance to tip of pelvic line to origin of dorsal fin 5; scales below lateral spines; small scales extending out on rays almost line to origin of anal fin 14; circumpeduncular to tip of pelvic spine; lateral line a smooth curve scales 23; gill rakers 8 + 25 (9 + 25 on other side); following contour of back, the last pored scale at branchiostegal rays 7; vertebrae 26; supraneural base of hypural plate. Pores of cephalic lateralis (predorsal) bones 2. system as described for P. bimarginatus. Body moderately elongate, depth 3.05 in SL, Origin of dorsal fin above second lateral-line and compressed, width 2.0 (1.95) in body depth; scale, the predorsal length 2.95 in SL; first dorsal head length 3.1 in SL; upper lip thickened medially spine 8.5 in HL; third dorsal spine 3.4 in HL; fourth and slightly protuberant; snout length 3.9 in HL; to tenth dorsal spines subequal, the tenth 2.8 in orbit diameter 3.4 in HL; ventroposterior edge of HL; longest dorsal soft ray 1.85 in HL; origin of orbit with 22 fleshy papillae; interorbital space anal fin below base of second dorsal soft ray, the

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Table 3. Gill-raker counts of species of Pseudanthias

Upper limb Lower limb No. of gill-rakers 9 10 11 22 23 24 25 P. bimarginatus 10 5 2 9 4 P. parvirostris 5 2 2 1 P. unimarginatus 1 1

head. P. unimarginatus differs from both in caudal- preanal length 1.75 in SL; first anal spine 4.45 in fin colouration and in having 18 pectoral rays, but HL; second anal spine 3.15 in HL; third anal spine more than one specimen is needed to verify the 2.7 in HL; longest anal soft ray 1.3 in HL; caudal fin pectoral-count difference. lunate, the lobe tips filamentous, 2.3 in SL; caudal concavity 3.4 in SL; pectoral fins pointed, the tenth ray longest, 3.1 in SL; pelvic fins long, reaching to ACKNOWLEDGMENTS base of third anal soft ray, 2.9 in SL. The author thanks Daniel Pelicier for assistance Colour in alcohol pale yellowish. Colour of body in fish collecting at Mauritius and R. Charles in life light orange-yellow dorsally, pale pink Anderson for his help in the Maldive Islands; ventrally, the scale centres with a an indistinct pale Loreen R. O’Hara of the Bishop Museum and lavender-pink blotch; head orange-yellow, shading Sandra Raredon of the Smithsonian Institutions to pale pinkish yellow ventrally; a large elliptical for X-rays; Sue Morrison of the Western Australian orange area, bordered in magenta, dorsally on Museum for the loan of specimens of Pseudanthias head from base of upper lip to nape, the two parvipinnis; Phillip C. Heemstra for helpful margenta borders joining to a median dorsal band comments; and Gerald R. Allen for his review of posteriorly on nape and continuing to origin of the manuscript. dorsal fin; front of upper lip very pale lavender- pink; lips with a streak of pinkish orange; caudal LITERATURE CITED fin yellow with a broad lavender-blue upper margin and red submarginal band that narrows BLEEKER, P. 1871-1876. Atlas ichthyologique des posteriorly; remaining fins translucent yellow, the Indes Orientales Néêrlandaises,. Percoides I, dorsal fin with a pink margin, and the anal and vol. 7: 1–126, pls. 279–320. Fréderic Muller, pelvic fins with a narrow blue margin. Amsterdam. BLEEKER, P. 1873. Révision des espèces indo- ETYMOLOGY. This species is named P. unimarginatus archipélagiques du groupe des Anthianini. for the colourful broad margin dorsally on the Nederlansch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4: 155– caudal fin that is not duplicated on the ventral 169. margin. BOULANGER, G. A. 1895. Catalogue of the Fishes in the British Museum, ed. 2, vol.1: xix + 391 pp. British REMARKS. The only specimen of this species was Museum (Natural History), London. collected in Mauritius with veteran aquarium fish KATAYAMA, M. & K. AMAOKA. 1986. Two new collector Daniel Pelicier in 1980 from a patch reef in anthiine fishes from the eastern tropical Atlantic. 53 m, where he often collected Chaetodon mitratus Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 33(3): 213–222. and Pseudanthias pulcherrimus. Pelicier observed KUITER, R. H. 1998. Photo Guide to Fishes of the only one individual of this fish. The near-white tip Maldives. 257 pp. Atoll Editions, Apollo Bay, of its upper lip was the most conspicuous mark at Vic., Australia. that depth. He often tried to collect it, but it quickly MASUDA, H., K. AMAOKA, C. ARAGA, T. UYENO & T. took refuge in a crack in the reef. It was finally YOSHINO (EDS.). 1984. The Fishes of the Japanese caught with the use of an anaesthetic. He believes Archipelago. Vol. 1 (text: xxii + 437 pp.) and vol. this species will be found on deeper reefs. 2 (plates). Tokai University Press, Tokyo. Pseudanthias unimarginatus is a close relative of RANDALL. J. E. & R. C. ANDERSON. 1993. Annotated both P. parvirostris and P. bimarginatus. It shares checklist of the epipelagic and shore fishes of many characters with both, and it aligns with the Maldive Islands. Bulletin of the J.L.B. Smith one or the other in some characters, such as snout Institute of Ichthyology 59: 1–47. length with bimarginatus and interorbital width and RANDALL, J. E. & R. LUBBOCK. 1981. A revision of the gill-raker count with parvirostris. All three have the serranid fishes of the subgenus Mirolabrichthys unique magenta-line colour pattern dorsally on the (Anthiinae: Anthias), with descriptions of five

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new species. Contributions in Science of the Los Angeles Museum of Natural History, no. 333: 1–27. RANDALL, J. E. & R. L. PYLE. 2001. Four new serranid fishes of the anthiine genus Pseudanthias from the South Pacific. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 49(1): 19–34. SHAPIRO, D. Y. 1981. Sequence of coloration changes during sex reversal in the tropical marine fish Anthias squamipinnis (Peters). Bulletin of Marine Science 31(2): 383–398.

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Plate 1

A. Holotype of Pseudanthias bimarginatus, BPBM 34697, male, 48.0 mm, North Malé Atoll, Maldive Islands. B. Paratype of Pseudanthias bimarginatus, BPBM 41006, female, 33.9 mm, North Malé Atoll, Maldive Islands. C. Underwater photo of male of Pseudanthias bimarginatus, Maldive Islands. D. Holotype of Pseudanthias parvirostris, BPBM 15605, male, 48.3 mm, Solomon Islands.

Smithiana Bulletin 13: 79 - 87 RANDALL New Pseudanthias species 87

BB

Plate 2

A. Holotype of Pseudanthias unimarginatus, BPBM 22924, male, 52.6 mm, Mauritius. B. Underwater photo of holotype of Pseudanthias unimarginatus, Mauritius.

15 April 2011