DOCSLIB.ORG

CLASSIFICATION of LAKE EYRE LANGUAGES Peter Austin 1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
CLASSIFICATION of LAKE EYRE LANGUAGES Peter Austin 1 CLASSIFICATION OF LAKE EYRE LANGUAGES Peter Austin 1. Introduction1 The genetic classification of Australian Aboriginal languages has been a topic of heated debate among linguists over the past thirty years. The first attempt at a comprehensive classification for the whole continent was that proposed by O’Grady, Voegelin and Voegelin 1966 (see also O’Grady, Wurm and Hale 1966) using the lexicostatistical method. This classification claimed that all Australian languages were members of a single phylum and that there were twenty nine “phylic families” represented on the continent. One of these, Pama-Nyungan, covers the southern eight-tenths of the continent. A revised version of the classification was published by Wurm (1972) who reduced the number of families to twenty six (see also Wurm and Hattori 1982). Over the past ten years these classifications has been increasingly subjected to scrutiny. Dixon (1980:262ft) voiced strong criticism of the lexicostatistical classifications and claimed to have established a genetic classification (using traditional comparative-historical techniques) whereby all Australian languages, with the exception of Tiwi and Djingili, form a single genetic family and derive from a single ancestor proto-Australian (pA) (Dixon 1980:225). He argues that the distinction between Pama-Nyungan (PN) and non-Pama- Nyungan (nonPN) proposed by O’Grady, Hale and Wurm is not genetic but a typological and areal one. He says that “should not be inferred that PN is in any sense a genetic unity - that there was a proto-PN, as an early descendant of pA” (Dixon 1980:236). Dixon’s views have been challenged by Blake (1989, 1990) who compared verb pronominal prefix forms in a range of non-Pama-Nyungan languages and has been able to argue for reconstructing a prom-Northern system from which the attested nonPN systems evolve. According to Blake’s proposal, PN and nonPN are genetic labels. Evidence from lexical comparisons presented in Evans 1989 supports Blake’s position. Dixon (p.c. 1988) has accepted the arguments put forward by Blake and Evans and now agrees that Pama-Nyungan is a valid genetic label. While this work on higher level groupings has been a major focus of research and discussion, there have been relatively few published studies of lower level subgroups within Pama- Nyungan languages. The exceptions are Austin (1981, 1988) who considers the Kanyara and Mantharta languages of Western Australia, Black (1980) the Norman-Pama subgroup of Paman (see also Hale 1976), and Evans (1985) the Tangkic languages of the Gulf of Carpentaria. It is remarkable that little progress to date has been made in “bottom-up” language comparison and the delineation of detailed subgrouping within PN. This paper is an attempt to classify genetically the languages traditionally spoken in the region around Lake Eyre (northern South Australia) and to reconstruct the ancestor languages from which they descend. I will argue that a close genetic relationship can be demonstrated for the languages spoken to the east of Lake Eyre, and that these languages are more distantly related to Pitta-Pitta of central-western Queensland and Wangkumarra of south-western Queensland (into a grouping that can be called “Karnic”). I will propose a set of 1 Research for this paper was supported by a grant from the Australian Research Council; I am grateful to Pia Herbert for her research assistance, especially for typing up the Reuther comparative vocabulary materials. Thanks are also due to Gavan Breen and Luise Hercus for allowing me access to their unpublished materials on Lake Eyre languages. Philip Jones assisted with obtaining copies of sections of the Reuther manuscript. reconstructions for three levels of the Karnic group. I then examine data on languages spoken to the west of Lake Eyre (Wangkangurru and Arabana) and argue that, contrary to suggestions by Breen and Hercus, these languages are not particularly closely related to the eastern Lake Eyre languages and that shared cognates are either due to local borrowing or to common inheritance from a more distant ancestor, probably at a time depth close to Pama- Nyungan. This paper is thus an exercise in detailed genetic reconstruction and subgrouping for a local geographical region of Australia. Hopefully, further studies will illuminate other higher level groupings between the reconstructions proposed here and Pama-Nyungan itself. 2. The Lake Eyre Languages The region around Lake Eyre was traditionally one of some linguistic diversity. The following is a list of the ten languages (and sources of data on them) from the east of Lake Eyre considered in this study: 1. Thirrari (abbreviated as Ti) - spoken on the southern and eastern shores of Lake Eyre. Data sources are Austin 1974-77, 1981, Reuther 1981, MS; 2. Diyari (Di) - spoken east of Thirrari along the lower reaches of Cooper Creek. Sources are Austin 1974-77, 1981, Reuther 1981, MS; 3. Ngamini (Ng) - spoken north of Diyari along the lower Diamantina River. Sources are Breen 1971, Breen 1976a, Austin in prep, Reuther 1981, MS (Reuther’s data is indicated as NgR in the discussion below); 4. Karangura (Kn) - spoken north of Ngamini along the Diamantina River to Birdsville. The meagre data on this language is fully examined in Austin (in press); 5. Yarluyandi (Yl) - spoken north of Karangura to the Mulligan River in western Queensland. Data comes from fieldnotes and tapes collected by Austin and Breen (see also Austin (in prep)); 6. Mithaka (Mi) - spoken east of Yarluyandi in south-west Queensland. There is very little data on this language - see Breen 1971, 1976a (also Austin’s transcriptions of Breen’s Mithaka fieldtapes); 7. Karuwali (Ka) - traditionally spoken north and east of Mithaka. There is no contemporary data on this language and only two old written sources: Curr 1886, W.H.W. 1912; 8. Yawarrawarrka (Yw) - spoken east of Karangura and Ngamini in the extreme north- east of South Australia. Data on this language comes from Breen 1971. The Yawarrawarrka recorded by Reuther 1981, MS is a slightly different dialect than that recorded by Breen. It is indicated as YwR in the following; 9. Yandrruwandha (Ya) - spoken south of Yawarrawarrka and east of Diyari. There is a large amount of data on this language collected primarily by Breen - see Breen 1971, 1975, 1 976b, 1981, 1990, and Kerwin and Breen 1981, 1986. Data on slightly different dialects of Yandrruwandha was collected by Wurm 1957, and Reuther 1981, MS (indicated as YaR below); 10. Pirlatapa (N) - spoken south of Yandrruwandha and east of Diyari. The slight amount of data on this language has been thoroughly examined in Austin 1990. To the north and west of Lake Eyre were spoken Arabana (Ar) and Wangkangurru (Wn). These are shown to be closely related languages by Hercus 1990. Other sources of data are O’Grady and Klokeid 1968-69, and Reuther 1981, MS. South of Lake Eyre were a number of languages that appear to be closely related. I have considered data on the following: 1. Adnyamathanha (Ad) - spoken in the northern Flinders Ranges. Data comes from Coulthard and Schebeck 1987, Schebeck 1987, O’Grady 1967; 2. Pankarla (Pa) - spoken south and west of Adnyamathanha. There is a brief vocabulary in Hale 1960; 3. Nugunu (Nu) - spoken south of Pankarla near Port Augusta. Data comes from O’Grady 1958/60; 4. Narangga (Na) - spoken south of Pankarla. Data comes from O’Grady 1958. Two groups of more distant languages are considered in this study. To the north of the eastern Lake Eyre languages lie the Pitta-Pitta group (abbreviated Pp); these have been described by Blake 1979b (see also Breen 1971). East of the eastern Lake Eyre languages is the Wangkumarra group (abbreviated Wm). Data on these languages comes from Breen (n.d.) (see also Breen 1971, and Robertson 1984, 1985). Using the available data I have attempted to classify the languages of the Lake Eyre region and to establish reconstructions of putative ancestor languages. 3. Previous classifications of Lake Eyre Languages O’Grady, Voegelin and Voegelin 1966 and Wurm 1972 classify the eastern Lake Eyre languages as members of the “Dieric Group” of Pama-Nyungan. This group is divided further into three subgroups, the “Karna Subgroup”, the “Ngura Subgroup” and the “Yalyi Subgroup”. Other languages of the region are classified into the Arabanic, Mitakudic and Pitta-Pittic Groups of Pama-Nyungan. The internal classification of the Dieric Group is given by Wurm (1972:132-3) as follows:2 Karna Subgroup 1. Dieri - Tirari - Jandruwanta - Ngameni - Karangura - Yelyendi 2. Pilatapa 3. Jauaraworka (Jawaraworka) 4. Karendala — Kungadutji (Gungadidji) — Kulumali — Bidia — Murulta — Karuwali Ngura Subgroup 1 Punthamara — Ngandangara — Kalali (Garlali) — Bitjara? — Tereila? (Diraila?) — Wangkumara — Ngurawola 2. Badjiri (Badjara, Baddjeri) Yalyi Subgroup Nadikali - Malyangapa Breen 1971 is a major restudy of western Queensland languages using a large amount of newly collected data not available to previous researchers. The classification is primarily lexico-statistically based and Breen modifies the classification of O’Grady et a!, setting up a “Karnic Group” which (Breen 197 1:21): “comprises four subgroups: the Narla Sub-Group is the former Arabanic Group; the Palku Sub-Group is the former Pitta-Pittic Group; the Kama Sub-Group comprises the former Karna Sub-Group of Dieric, plus Mithaka, minus Bidia 2 The spelling of language names in Wurm 1972 is retained here. (Birria), Kungatutji, Kulumali and Karendala; the Ngura Sub-Group is the former Ngura Sub-Group plus Karendala.” As evidence of the relationship between members of this Karnic Group, Breen (1971:29) provides partial cognate counts for comparisons of languages across the group. The figures are in the range 20%-40% (if we ignore neighbouring languages where cognate counts could be artificially increased by borrowing), with a low of 19% (for Palku-Ngura subgroups) and a high of 48% (Karna-Palku, represented by Yarluyandi-Pitta-Pitta).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cravens Peak Scientific Study Report
    Geography Monograph Series No. 13 Cravens Peak Scientific Study Report The Royal Geographical Society of Queensland Inc. Brisbane, 2009 The Royal Geographical Society of Queensland Inc. is a non-profit organization that promotes the study of Geography within educational, scientific, professional, commercial and broader general communities. Since its establishment in 1885, the Society has taken the lead in geo- graphical education, exploration and research in Queensland. Published by: The Royal Geographical Society of Queensland Inc. 237 Milton Road, Milton QLD 4064, Australia Phone: (07) 3368 2066; Fax: (07) 33671011 Email: [email protected] Website: www.rgsq.org.au ISBN 978 0 949286 16 8 ISSN 1037 7158 © 2009 Desktop Publishing: Kevin Long, Page People Pty Ltd (www.pagepeople.com.au) Printing: Snap Printing Milton (www.milton.snapprinting.com.au) Cover: Pemberton Design (www.pembertondesign.com.au) Cover photo: Cravens Peak. Photographer: Nick Rains 2007 State map and Topographic Map provided by: Richard MacNeill, Spatial Information Coordinator, Bush Heritage Australia (www.bushheritage.org.au) Other Titles in the Geography Monograph Series: No 1. Technology Education and Geography in Australia Higher Education No 2. Geography in Society: a Case for Geography in Australian Society No 3. Cape York Peninsula Scientific Study Report No 4. Musselbrook Reserve Scientific Study Report No 5. A Continent for a Nation; and, Dividing Societies No 6. Herald Cays Scientific Study Report No 7. Braving the Bull of Heaven; and, Societal Benefits from Seasonal Climate Forecasting No 8. Antarctica: a Conducted Tour from Ancient to Modern; and, Undara: the Longest Known Young Lava Flow No 9. White Mountains Scientific Study Report No 10.
    [Show full text]
  • Report to Office of Water Science, Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation, Brisbane
    Lake Eyre Basin Springs Assessment Project Hydrogeology, cultural history and biological values of springs in the Barcaldine, Springvale and Flinders River supergroups, Galilee Basin and Tertiary springs of western Queensland 2016 Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation Prepared by R.J. Fensham, J.L. Silcock, B. Laffineur, H.J. MacDermott Queensland Herbarium Science Delivery Division Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation PO Box 5078 Brisbane QLD 4001 © The Commonwealth of Australia 2016 The Queensland Government supports and encourages the dissemination and exchange of its information. The copyright in this publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia (CC BY) licence Under this licence you are free, without having to seek permission from DSITI or the Commonwealth, to use this publication in accordance with the licence terms. You must keep intact the copyright notice and attribute the source of the publication. For more information on this licence visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/deed.en Disclaimer This document has been prepared with all due diligence and care, based on the best available information at the time of publication. The department holds no responsibility for any errors or omissions within this document. Any decisions made by other parties based on this document are solely the responsibility of those parties. Information contained in this document is from a number of sources and, as such, does not necessarily represent government or departmental policy. If you need to access this document in a language other than English, please call the Translating and Interpreting Service (TIS National) on 131 450 and ask them to telephone Library Services on +61 7 3170 5725 Citation Fensham, R.J., Silcock, J.L., Laffineur, B., MacDermott, H.J.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    This item is Chapter 1 of Language, land & song: Studies in honour of Luise Hercus Editors: Peter K. Austin, Harold Koch & Jane Simpson ISBN 978-0-728-60406-3 http://www.elpublishing.org/book/language-land-and-song Introduction Harold Koch, Peter Austin and Jane Simpson Cite this item: Harold Koch, Peter Austin and Jane Simpson (2016). Introduction. In Language, land & song: Studies in honour of Luise Hercus, edited by Peter K. Austin, Harold Koch & Jane Simpson. London: EL Publishing. pp. 1-22 Link to this item: http://www.elpublishing.org/PID/2001 __________________________________________________ This electronic version first published: March 2017 © 2016 Harold Koch, Peter Austin and Jane Simpson ______________________________________________________ EL Publishing Open access, peer-reviewed electronic and print journals, multimedia, and monographs on documentation and support of endangered languages, including theory and practice of language documentation, language description, sociolinguistics, language policy, and language revitalisation. For more EL Publishing items, see http://www.elpublishing.org 1 Introduction Harold Koch,1 Peter K. Austin 2 & Jane Simpson 1 Australian National University1 & SOAS University of London 2 1. Introduction Language, land and song are closely entwined for most pre-industrial societies, whether the fishing and farming economies of Homeric Greece, or the raiding, mercenary and farming economies of the Norse, or the hunter- gatherer economies of Australia. Documenting a language is now seen as incomplete unless documenting place, story and song forms part of it. This book presents language documentation in its broadest sense in the Australian context, also giving a view of the documentation of Australian Aboriginal languages over time.1 In doing so, we celebrate the achievements of a pioneer in this field, Luise Hercus, who has documented languages, land, song and story in Australia over more than fifty years.
    [Show full text]
  • Information to Users
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UM l films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type o f computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely afreet reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UME a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, b^inning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back o f the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy, ffigher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UM l directly to order. UMl A Bell & Howell Infoimation Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor MI 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Velar-Initial Etyma and Issues in Comparative Pama-Nyungan by Susan Ann Fitzgerald B.A.. University of V ictoria. 1989 VI.A.
    [Show full text]
  • I. Introduction Ii. the Classification Of
    ,.... ,.... ,­ ,..­ ,.­ SOME ASPECTS OF AUSTRALIAN COMPARATIVE LINGUISTICS ,­ r Shu-chen Chen ,­ ,-­ Department of Linguistics ,.­ University of Victoria ,-­ ,­ ,-­ r I. INTRODUCTION ,­ r In this work, some major comparative work done on Australian languages will be reviewed. The r central issue is whether O'Grady et al.'s (O'Grady, Voegelin and Voegelin 1966) genetic classifica­ r tion, representing the work of Hale, O'Grady and Wurm, should be followed (however, note that r the first person to propose a Pama-Nyungan hypothesis was Hale (O'Grady 1990a:xiii)), or Dixon's ,­ analysis (1980) in which Australian languages constitute one single language family. The latter ,­ scholar considers the placing of the Pama-Nyungan family and the other twenty six families under ,..­ the proto-Australian node to be incorrect. The other major issue is linguistic diffusion, which is prevalent in Australia and creates problems for the comparison of Australian languages. These topics will be the focus of the discussion that follows. ,-­ ,-­ ,.­ II. THE CLASSIFICATION OF AUSTRALIAN LANGUAGES The two most well-known classifications of Australian languages are a typological classification done by Capell (1956) and a genetic classification by Hale, O'Grady and Wurm (O'Grady, Voegelin and Voegelin 1966). In Capell's typological classification, he has distinguished suffi..xing and prefixing languages, where the former group uses suffixes exclusively and the latter has prefixes as well as suffixes. The prefixing languages form a geographical bloc which is the area north of a line running from Dampier Land in Western Australia to the western coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria. The suffixing languages cover the remaining four-fifths of the continent, including the northeast corner of Arnhem Land (Blake 1990:435-436).
    [Show full text]
  • Coober Pedy, South Australia
    The etymology of Coober Pedy, South Australia Petter Naessan The aim of this paper is to outline and assess the diverging etymologies of ‘Coober Pedy’ in northern South Australia, in the search for original and post-contact local Indigenous significance associated with the name and the region. At the interface of contemporary Yankunytjatjara and Pitjantjatjara opinion (mainly in the Coober Pedy region, where I have conducted fieldwork since 1999) and other sources, an interesting picture emerges: in the current use by Yankunytjatjara and Pitjantjatjara people as well as non-Indigenous people in Coober Pedy, the name ‘Coober Pedy’ – as ‘white man’s hole (in the ground)’ – does not seem to reflect or point toward a pre-contact Indigenous presence. Coober Pedy is an opal mining and tourist town with a total population of about 3500, situated near the Stuart Highway, about 850 kilometres north of Adelaide, South Australia. Coober Pedy is close to the Stuart Range, lies within the Arckaringa Basin and is near the border of the Great Victoria Desert. Low spinifex grasslands amounts for most of the sparse vegetation. The Coober Pedy and Oodnadatta region is characterised by dwarf shrubland and tussock grassland. Further north and northwest, low open shrub savanna and open shrub woodland dominates.1 Coober Pedy and surrounding regions are arid and exhibit very unpredictable rainfall. Much of the economic activity in the region (as well as the initial settlement of Euro-Australian invaders) is directly related to the geology, namely quite large deposits of opal. The area was only settled by non-Indigenous people after 1915 when opal was uncovered but traditionally the Indigenous population was western Arabana (Midlaliri).
    [Show full text]
  • References 4 Primary Sources
    References 4 Primary sources Beckett, Jeremy, The Kangaroo and the Euro, told by George Dutton, unpublished manuscript. Beckett, Jeremy, Field Notebooks, 1957-8, unpublished manuscript. Mountford, CP, Journals and manuscripts relating to the Flinders Ranges, vol 10, ‘Myths and Material Culture’, Mountford-Sheard Collection, State Library of South Australia. Schebeck, Bernhard n.d., Notes on Kungkatutyi, unpublished manuscript. Tietkens, WH n.d., Reminiscences 1859-87, unpublished manuscript, State Library of South Australia. Tindale, Norman B 1938-9, Journal of the Harvard-Adelaide Expedition, unpublished manuscript, South Australian Museum. Secondary sources Amery, Rob 2002, ‘Weeding out spurious etymologies: Toponyms on the Adelaide plains’, in Luise Hercus, Flavia Hodges and Jane Simpson (eds), The Land is a Map: Placenames of Indigenous origin in Australia, Pandanus Books, Canberra: 165-180. Austin, AK 1990, ‘The last words of Pirlatapa’, In Language and history, Essays in honour of Luise A. Hercus. Pacific Linguistics Series C, 116, Department of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra: 29-48. Beckett, Jeremy 1958, ‘Marginal men, a study of two half caste Aborigines’, Oceania 29(2): 91-108. — 1967, ‘Marriage, circumcision and avoidance among the Maljangaba of north- west New South Wales’, Mankind 6(3): 456-64. — 1978, ‘George Dutton’s Country’, Aboriginal History 2: 2-31. 85 The Two Rainbow Serpents Travelling — 1993, ‘Walter Newton’s history of the world – or Australia’, American Ethnologist 20(4): 675-95. — 1994, ‘Aboriginal histories, Aboriginal myths: An introduction’, Oceania 65(2): 97-115. Beckler, Hermann 1993, A journey to Cooper’s Creek, translated and edited by Stephen Jeffries and Michael Kertesz, Melbourne University Press at the Miegunyah Press in association with the State Library of Victoria, Melbourne.
    [Show full text]
  • Lake Eyre Basin (South Australia): Mapping and Conceptual Models of Shallow Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems
    Lake Eyre Basin Springs Assessment Lake Eyre Basin (South Australia): mapping and conceptual models of shallow groundwater dependent ecosystems DEWNR Technical note 2015/22 Funding for these projects has been provided by the Australian Government through the Bioregional Assessment Programme. Lake Eyre Basin Springs Assessment Lake Eyre Basin (South Australia): mapping and conceptual models of shallow groundwater dependent ecosystems Catherine Miles1 and Justin F. Costelloe2 Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources December, 2015 DEWNR Technical note 2015/22 1Miles Environmental Consulting 2Department of Infrastructure Engineering, University of Melbourne Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources GPO Box 1047, Adelaide SA 5001 Telephone National (08) 8463 6946 International +61 8 8463 6946 Fax National (08) 8463 6999 International +61 8 8463 6999 Website www.environment.sa.gov.au Disclaimer The Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources and its employees do not warrant or make any representation regarding the use, or results of the use, of the information contained herein as regards to its correctness, accuracy, reliability, currency or otherwise. The Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources and its employees expressly disclaims all liability or responsibility to any person using the information or advice. Information contained in this document is correct at the time of writing. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of
    [Show full text]
  • Delve Deeper Into SALT a Film by Michael Angus and Murray Fredericks
    Delve Deeper into SALT A film by Michael Angus and Murray Fredericks This multi-media resource list Ministerial Forum (Australia): Lewin, Ted and Betsy Lewin. includes books, films and other State of the Basin 2008: rivers Top to Bottom and Down Under. materials related to the issues assessment. Canberra: Lake New York: HarperCollins, 2005. presented in the film SALT. Eyre Basin Ministerial Forum, Caldecott Honor artists Ted and 2008. Betsy Lewin invite young readers to In his search for “somewhere I This report presents the first Lake explore northern and southern could point my camera into pure Eyre Basin Rivers Assessment, Australia. There they encounter all space,” award-winning focusing on the health of the LEB sorts of exotic creatures and share photographer Murray Fredericks river systems, including their in the beauty of the flora and fauna began making annual solo camping catchments, floodplains, lakes, through vivid, full-color illustrations. trips to remote Lake Eyre and its wetlands and overflow channels. salt flats in South Australia. These Turner, Kate. Australia. trips have yielded remarkable Moore, Ronald. Natural Beauty: Washington, D.C.: National photos of a boundless, desolate yet A Theory of Aesthetics Beyond Geographic, 2007. Series: beautiful environment where sky, the Arts. New York: Broadview Countries of the world. water and land merge. Made in Press, 2008. Series: Critical A basic overview of the history, collaboration with documentary Issues in Philosophy. geography, climate, and culture of filmmaker Michael Angus, SALT is Natural Beauty presents a new Australia. the film extension of Fredericks’ philosophical account of the ________________ work at Lake Eyre, interweaving his principles involved in making FILMS/DOCUMENTARIES photos and video diary with time- aesthetic judgments about natural lapse sequences to create the objects.
    [Show full text]
  • Native Title Recognition Set for Two of the Oldest Claims in SA
    Aboriginal Way Issue 57, Winter 2014 A publication of South Australian Native Title Services Simpson Desert Native title recognition set for two of the oldest claims in SA Two of the oldest native title claims “Our native title claim is one of the Kokatha country that is being recognised, Andamooka Station, to the west of in South Australia’s northern longest claim’s that’s been on record in this is important to us,” said Ms Thomas. Lake Torrens, holds special meaning regions are set to be determined South Australia, and we have been able Prior to the Consent Determination, to Kokatha people. later this year. to secure one of the largest settlements. negotiations with the State Government Mr Starkey said “Where the Consent The Kokatha claim will be determined by There’s a whole raft of emotions and and BHP Billiton for agreements dealing Determination will be held is of great Chief Justice Allsop on 1 September at there are really no words to describe how with tenure issues and compensation for Andamooka Station. we feel at this point,” Mr Starkey said. the native title claimants will be finalised. cultural significance to Kokatha people. Many people were born there and grew Although updated and re-lodged with the Joyleen Thomas, co-applicant also Osker Linde, the group’s solicitor said the up on the station and surrounding areas, Federal Court in 2012, the claim dates reflected on the journey and importance negotiations are significant because of the and some of our people are buried there. back to 1996. of the recognition of country.
    [Show full text]
  • Sent" Austria.I
    74 THE S.A. ORNITHOLOGIST July, 1955 ABORIGINAL BIRD NAMES - SOUTH AUSTRALIA Part One By H. T. CONDON, S.A. Museum According to Tindale (1940), at the time considerable number of references to pub- of the first white settlement there were about lished works. In every case the tabulations fifty aboriginal tribes whose territories were (made by writers in all walks of life) have within or" entered the boundaries of what is been checked against known occurrences of now the State of South Australia (fig. 1). the species concerned or mentioned, and a No natives were living on Kangaroo Island, successful attempt has also been made to although relics of human occupation at some identify the maj ority of the numerous vague remote period have since been found. The and descriptive records by writers who had task of recording the vocabularies of the little knowledge of birds. The usual method tribes was commenced almost at once- by the employed by recorders has been to write the settlers, and the literature concerning the native words in a way resembling the English language of the natives is now large and language, and these original spellings (of comprehensive. Information concerning the which there are many variations) have been names used for the birds is widely scattered retained. Certain authors used a phonetic and I am indebted to my colleagues, Messrs. system of some kind and the following list H. M. Cooper and N. B. Tindale, for a therefore contains a mixture of words con- .. Sent" Austria.i. Fig. 1 July, 1955 THE S.A.
    [Show full text]
  • ISO 639-3 Code Split Request Template
    ISO 639-3 Registration Authority Request for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code Change Request Number: 2019-058 (completed by Registration authority) Date: 2019-3-07 Primary Person submitting request: Kirk Miller Affiliation: E-mail address: kirkmiller at gmail dot com Names, affiliations and email addresses of additional supporters of this request: .PLEASE NOTE: This completed form will become part of the public record of this change request and the history of the ISO 639-3 code set and will be posted on the ISO 639-3 website. Types of change requests Type of change proposed (check one): 1. Modify reference information for an existing language code element 2. Propose a new macrolanguage or modify a macrolanguage group 3. Retire a language code element from use (duplicate or non-existent) 4. Expand the denotation of a code element through the merging one or more language code elements into it (retiring the latter group of code elements) 5. Split a language code element into two or more new code elements 6. Create a code element for a previously unidentified language For proposing a change to an existing code element, please identify: Affected ISO 639-3 identifier: Associated reference name: 4. Expand the denotation of a code element through merging of one or more code elements (a) List the languages (identifier and name) to be merged into this code element and retired from use: [xpt] Punthamara, [gdt] Kungardutyi, [ntg] Ngantangarra, [eaa] Karenggapa, all or part of [xwk] Wangkumara, and perhaps part of (?)[gll] Garlali, depending on the scopes of [xwk] and [gll].
    [Show full text]