DOCSLIB.ORG

Report to Office of Water Science, Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation, Brisbane

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Report to Office of Water Science, Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation, Brisbane Lake Eyre Basin Springs Assessment Project Hydrogeology, cultural history and biological values of springs in the Barcaldine, Springvale and Flinders River supergroups, Galilee Basin and Tertiary springs of western Queensland 2016 Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation Prepared by R.J. Fensham, J.L. Silcock, B. Laffineur, H.J. MacDermott Queensland Herbarium Science Delivery Division Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation PO Box 5078 Brisbane QLD 4001 © The Commonwealth of Australia 2016 The Queensland Government supports and encourages the dissemination and exchange of its information. The copyright in this publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia (CC BY) licence Under this licence you are free, without having to seek permission from DSITI or the Commonwealth, to use this publication in accordance with the licence terms. You must keep intact the copyright notice and attribute the source of the publication. For more information on this licence visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/deed.en Disclaimer This document has been prepared with all due diligence and care, based on the best available information at the time of publication. The department holds no responsibility for any errors or omissions within this document. Any decisions made by other parties based on this document are solely the responsibility of those parties. Information contained in this document is from a number of sources and, as such, does not necessarily represent government or departmental policy. If you need to access this document in a language other than English, please call the Translating and Interpreting Service (TIS National) on 131 450 and ask them to telephone Library Services on +61 7 3170 5725 Citation Fensham, R.J., Silcock, J.L., Laffineur, B., MacDermott, H.J. 2016, Lake Eyre Basin Springs Assessment Project: Hydrogeology, cultural history and biological values of springs in the Barcaldine, Springvale and Flinders River supergroups, Galilee Basin springs and Tertiary springs of western Queensland. Report to Office of Water Science, Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation, Brisbane. Front Cover: Edgbaston Springs and a spring (imaginatively) called “New Big”. There is Spinifex in the foreground, free water in the mid-ground, with some scalding in front and the far right rear. Photo: Queensland Herbarium. May 2016 Lake Eyre Basin Springs Assessment Report Executive Summary The Lake Eyre Basin Springs Assessment provides information on the history, ecology, hydrogeology and potential impacts of mines and proposed mining developments on spring ecosystems in the Barcaldine, Flinders River, Springvale supergroups (Eromanga and Carpentaria Basins), the Galilee Basin and springs in Tertiary sandstone in the current drainage area of the Lake Eyre Basin. A database has been developed that includes attributes relating to their physical characteristics, biological values and water chemistry. The database links to a photo library, and historical and hydrogeology reports. Springs can be distinguished as either outcrop (emanating under gravity through outcropping rocks) or discharge (flowing through an aquitard under artesian pressure) types. Discharge springs within the GAB are protected under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act). The discharge springs of the Barcaldine and Springvale supergroups which remain active have exceptionally high biological values including concentrations of endemic fish, snails, crustacea and plants that only occur in these habitats. There are also endemic plants that occur in the salt scalds around the spring wetlands. Pelican Creek near Aramac and Elizabeth Springs near Boulia are outstanding in terms of their biological significance and include multiple species that are restricted to those locations. Our understanding of the cultural significance of the springs for Aboriginal people is extremely deficient. However, the patchy evidence we have compiled, stories from elsewhere, and the surface archaeological record reveal their significance both as water supplies and sacred sites. The springs were critical to the European settlement of the Lake Eyre Basin, and they were a focus of attention for the early land surveyors. Homesteads and hotels were built on springs and roads traced the ground between them. The springs were also signposts to the vast aquifer that would later be named the Great Artesian Basin (GAB). From the 1880s thousands of artesian bores were drilled to exploit the groundwater of the GAB. The bores transformed the productive potential of inland Australia, but most of the water flowed down open drains and was lost to evaporation. Declining aquifer pressure resulted in springs ceasing to flow. The current audit of spring complexes (clusters of springs in the same area within a single geomorphic setting) indicates that 31% of the discharge spring complexes in the Barcaldine supergroup; 77% of the Flinders River supergroup; and 50% of the Springvale supergroup have lost more than 80% of their springs. Outcrop springs in the Tertiary sandstone can become inactive without aquifer drawdown and some may require local excavation to maintain their flows. The Great Artesian Basin Sustainability Initiative has provided large-scale investment into rehabilitating bores to stem the profligate waste of groundwater and restore aquifer pressure. This has not resulted in the reactivation of springs, but may serve to minimise further loss. Large free- flowing bores await capping in Queensland particularly in the area of the Flinders River supergroup. Preservation and conservation effort should be directed to the spring wetlands which still support endemic species. The recovery efforts for the Critically Endangered red-finned blue-eye i Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation (Scaturiginichthys vermeilipinnis) at the Pelican Creek Springs require ongoing support for an achievable outcome. Coal beds within the Permian sediments of the Galilee Basin are the target of future development proposals. Springs discharge from aquifers within these sediments, and the largest and most significant is the Mellaluka Springs. Based on endemicity these springs are not of high conservation value and will probably become inactive if the cumulative impact of the development proposals is realised. A complex of springs at Doongmabulla with very high conservation values, including many endemic plants, has ambiguous hydrogeology. The springs may have a groundwater source in Triassic sediments that are separated from the Permian coal-beds by an aquitard. There is also some potential for their source to be from Permian sediments. Further investigations of the potentiometric surface in the Triassic and Permian aquifers, fault structures and source aquifer chemistry may resolve the origin of the Doongmabulla Springs and contribute to determining the impact of the proposed Carmichael Mine development. The methods developed here for collating the values of spring ecosystems and their aquifer sources should be extended to other regions so that future developments that impact on groundwater can be adequately informed. Acknowledgments We are grateful to the many landholders and managers who have allowed us access to their properties, provided hospitality and directions, and enriched our experience of the springs through their stories and interest. We also thank former landholders and long-term residents for sharing their knowledge of springs. Russell Fairfax initiated and assembled a previous version the springs database and answered many questions about the sources of obscure springs and provided suggestions as to their potential significance, tangible and intangible, during the course of this project. Adam Kerezsy is thanked for his input in relation to fish, Renee Rossini for summarising information about snails. Winston Ponder has also made a major contribution in relation to invertebrates of the springs. Don Butler and Keryn Oude-egberink assisted with the administration of the project. Many people provided able field assistance over the years on the long and winding springs trail, especially Jeremy Drimer, Katharine Glanville, Chris Pennay, Al Healy, Peter McRae, Tracy Wattz, Adam Kerezsy, Cameron Kilgour, Owen Powell and Maree Winter. Ashley Bleakley, John Webb, Tim Ransley and Daniel Larsen have provided valuable input into developing an understanding of the hydrogeology of the springs. Ashley in particular has been indispensable. Rien Habermehl, Bruce Radke, Steve Flook and Jim Kellett have also contributed to the hydrogeology presented here. Steve and Leon Leach provided helpful review of the Doongmabulla chapter. Funding for this work was provided from the Australian Government’s Bioregional Assessment Programme www.bioregionalassessments.gov.au ii Lake Eyre Basin Springs Assessment Report Contents 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 18 1.1 LEBSA and report overview 18 1.1.1 Geographical scope of LEBSA and hydrological overview 20 1.1.2 Report outline 22 1.2 Springs in LEBSA region 22 1.2.1 Great Artesian Basin springs 22 1.2.2 Galilee group 23 1.2.3 Tertiary springs 23 1.3 Cultural history overview 24 1.3.1 Aboriginal history 24 1.3.2 European history 24 1.4 Biological values 27 1.5 General threats and management actions 28 1.5.1 Groundwater use and preservation
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Habitat Usage by the Page Springsnail, Pyrgulopsis Morrisoni (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae), from Central Arizona
    THE VELIGER ᭧ CMS, Inc., 2006 The Veliger 48(1):8–16 (June 30, 2006) Habitat Usage by the Page Springsnail, Pyrgulopsis morrisoni (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae), from Central Arizona MICHAEL A. MARTINEZ* U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2321 W. Royal Palm Rd., Suite 103, Phoenix, Arizona 85021, USA (*Correspondent: mike࿞[email protected]) AND DARRIN M. THOME U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2800 Cottage Way, Rm. W-2605, Sacramento, California 95825, USA Abstract. We measured habitat variables and the occurrence and density of the Page springsnail, Pyrgulopsis mor- risoni (Hershler & Landye, 1988), in the Oak Creek Springs Complex of central Arizona during the spring and summer of 2001. Occurrence and high density of P. morrisoni were associated with gravel and pebble substrates, and absence and low density with silt and sand. Occurrence and high density were also associated with lower levels of dissolved oxygen and low conductivity. Occurrence was further associated with shallower water depths. Water velocity may play an important role in maintaining springsnail habitat by influencing substrate composition and other physico-chemical variables. Our study constitutes the first empirical effort to define P. morrisoni habitat and should be useful in assessing the relative suitability of spring environments for the species. The best approach to manage springsnail habitat is to maintain springs in their natural state. INTRODUCTION & Landye, 1988), is medium-sized relative to other con- geners, 1.8 to 2.9 mm in shell height, endemic to the The role that physico-chemical habitat variables play in Upper Verde River drainage of central Arizona (Williams determining the occurrence and density of aquatic micro- et al., 1985; Hershler & Landye, 1988; Hershler, 1994), invertebrates in spring ecosystems has been poorly stud- with all known populations existing within a complex of ied.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Echinostomes (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) in Their Snail Hosts at High Latitudes
    Parasite 28, 59 (2021) Ó C. Pantoja et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2021054 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9816A6C3-D479-4E1D-9880-2A7E1DBD2097 Available online at: www.parasite-journal.org RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Diversity of echinostomes (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) in their snail hosts at high latitudes Camila Pantoja1,2, Anna Faltýnková1,* , Katie O’Dwyer3, Damien Jouet4, Karl Skírnisson5, and Olena Kudlai1,2 1 Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic 2 Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania 3 Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, H91 T8NW, Galway, Ireland 4 BioSpecT EA7506, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51096 Reims Cedex, France 5 Laboratory of Parasitology, Institute for Experimental Pathology, Keldur, University of Iceland, IS-112 Reykjavík, Iceland Received 26 April 2021, Accepted 24 June 2021, Published online 28 July 2021 Abstract – The biodiversity of freshwater ecosystems globally still leaves much to be discovered, not least in the trematode parasite fauna they support. Echinostome trematode parasites have complex, multiple-host life-cycles, often involving migratory bird definitive hosts, thus leading to widespread distributions. Here, we examined the echinostome diversity in freshwater ecosystems at high latitude locations in Iceland, Finland, Ireland and Alaska (USA). We report 14 echinostome species identified morphologically and molecularly from analyses of nad1 and 28S rDNA sequence data. We found echinostomes parasitising snails of 11 species from the families Lymnaeidae, Planorbidae, Physidae and Valvatidae.
    [Show full text]
  • North American Hydrobiidae (Gastropoda: Rissoacea): Redescription and Systematic Relationships of Tryonia Stimpson, 1865 and Pyrgulopsis Call and Pilsbry, 1886
    THE NAUTILUS 101(1):25-32, 1987 Page 25 . North American Hydrobiidae (Gastropoda: Rissoacea): Redescription and Systematic Relationships of Tryonia Stimpson, 1865 and Pyrgulopsis Call and Pilsbry, 1886 Robert Hershler Fred G. Thompson Department of Invertebrate Zoology Florida State Museum National Museum of Natural History University of Florida Smithsonian Institution Gainesville, FL 32611, USA Washington, DC 20560, USA ABSTRACT scribed) in the Southwest. Taylor (1966) placed Tryonia in the Littoridininae Taylor, 1966 on the basis of its Anatomical details are provided for the type species of Tryonia turreted shell and glandular penial lobes. It is clear from Stimpson, 1865, Pyrgulopsis Call and Pilsbry, 1886, Fonteli- cella Gregg and Taylor, 1965, and Microamnicola Gregg and the initial descriptions and subsequent studies illustrat- Taylor, 1965, in an effort to resolve the systematic relationships ing the penis (Russell, 1971: fig. 4; Taylor, 1983:16-25) of these taxa, which represent most of the generic-level groups that Fontelicella and its subgenera, Natricola Gregg and of Hydrobiidae in southwestern North America. Based on these Taylor, 1965 and Microamnicola Gregg and Taylor, 1965 and other data presented either herein or in the literature, belong to the Nymphophilinae Taylor, 1966 (see Hyalopyrgus Thompson, 1968 is assigned to Tryonia; and Thompson, 1979). While the type species of Pyrgulop- Fontelicella, Microamnicola, Nat ricola Gregg and Taylor, 1965, sis, P. nevadensis (Stearns, 1883), has not received an- Marstonia F. C. Baker, 1926, and Mexistiobia Hershler, 1985 atomical study, the penes of several eastern species have are allocated to Pyrgulopsis. been examined by Thompson (1977), who suggested that The ranges of both Tryonia and Pyrgulopsis include parts the genus may be a nymphophiline.
    [Show full text]
  • DUCK HUNTING in VICTORIA 2020 Background
    DUCK HUNTING IN VICTORIA 2020 Background The Wildlife (Game) Regulations 2012 provide for an annual duck season running from 3rd Saturday in March until the 2nd Monday in June in each year (80 days in 2020) and a 10 bird bag limit. Section 86 of the Wildlife Act 1975 enables the responsible Ministers to vary these arrangements. The Game Management Authority (GMA) is an independent statutory authority responsible for the regulation of game hunting in Victoria. Part of their statutory function is to make recommendations to the relevant Ministers (Agriculture and Environment) in relation to open and closed seasons, bag limits and declaring public and private land open or closed for hunting. A number of factors are reviewed each year to ensure duck hunting remains sustainable, including current and predicted environmental conditions such as habitat extent and duck population distribution, abundance and breeding. This review however, overlooks several reports and assessments which are intended for use in managing game and hunting which would offer a more complete picture of habitat, population, abundance and breeding, we will attempt to summarise some of these in this submission, these include: • 2019-20 Annual Waterfowl Quota Report to the Game Licensing Unit, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries • Assessment of Waterfowl Abundance and Wetland Condition in South- Eastern Australia, South Australian Department for Environment and Water • Victorian Summer waterbird Count, 2019, Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research As a key stakeholder representing 17,8011 members, Field & Game Australia Inc. (FGA) has been invited by GMA to participate in the Stakeholder Meeting and provide information to assist GMA brief the relevant Ministers, FGA thanks GMA for this opportunity.
    [Show full text]
  • Heritage of the Birdsville and Strzelecki Tracks
    Department for Environment and Heritage Heritage of the Birdsville and Strzelecki Tracks Part of the Far North & Far West Region (Region 13) Historical Research Pty Ltd Adelaide in association with Austral Archaeology Pty Ltd Lyn Leader-Elliott Iris Iwanicki December 2002 Frontispiece Woolshed, Cordillo Downs Station (SHP:009) The Birdsville & Strzelecki Tracks Heritage Survey was financed by the South Australian Government (through the State Heritage Fund) and the Commonwealth of Australia (through the Australian Heritage Commission). It was carried out by heritage consultants Historical Research Pty Ltd, in association with Austral Archaeology Pty Ltd, Lyn Leader-Elliott and Iris Iwanicki between April 2001 and December 2002. The views expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of the South Australian Government or the Commonwealth of Australia and they do not accept responsibility for any advice or information in relation to this material. All recommendations are the opinions of the heritage consultants Historical Research Pty Ltd (or their subconsultants) and may not necessarily be acted upon by the State Heritage Authority or the Australian Heritage Commission. Information presented in this document may be copied for non-commercial purposes including for personal or educational uses. Reproduction for purposes other than those given above requires written permission from the South Australian Government or the Commonwealth of Australia. Requests and enquiries should be addressed to either the Manager, Heritage Branch, Department for Environment and Heritage, GPO Box 1047, Adelaide, SA, 5001, or email [email protected], or the Manager, Copyright Services, Info Access, GPO Box 1920, Canberra, ACT, 2601, or email [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2013 - 2014
    Lockhart River Aboriginal Shire Council Annual Report 2013 - 2014 Page 0 Lockhart River Aboriginal Shire Council TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 2 MAP OF LOCKHART RIVER ....................................................................................................... 3 MAP OF LOCKHART RIVER TOWNSHIP .................................................................................. 4 COUNCIL VISION, MISSION STATEMENT AND GUIDING VALUES .................................... 5 MAYOR’S REPORT ...................................................................................................................... 6 CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER’S REPORT ................................................................................. 7 LOCKHART RIVER HISTORY ..................................................................................................... 8 FACILITIES AND SERVICES ..................................................................................................... 12 PRIVATE ENTERPRISES ........................................................................................................... 15 OUR COUNCIL ............................................................................................................................ 17 ELECTED MEMBERS ................................................................................................................................................. 18 COUNCILLORS
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Phylogeny and Biogeography of Spring-Associated Hydrobiid Snails of the Great Artesian Basin, Australia
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 34 (2005) 545–556 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of spring-associated hydrobiid snails of the Great Artesian Basin, Australia Kathryn E. Pereza,¤, Winston F. Ponderb, Donald J. Colganb, Stephanie A. Clarkc,1, Charles Lydearda a Department of Biological Sciences, Biodiversity and Systematics, University of Alabama, Box 870345, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0345, USA b Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia c Centre for Biostructural and Biomolecular Research, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797 Penrith South DC, NSW 1797, Australia Received 6 July 2004; revised 15 November 2004 Available online 6 January 2005 Abstract The Great Artesian Basin (GAB) of Australia underlies some of the driest parts of South Australia and Queensland and feeds numerous freshwater springs. Prominent and endangered components of the GAB spring community are snails of the family Hydro- biidae. This paper examines the evolutionary relationships of the entire hydrobiid fauna associated with the GAB, and includes appropriate non-GAB species to place the GAB fauna in a broader phylogenetic context. The Queensland genus Jardinella is a focus of this paper, providing a Wne scale examination of relationships between spring supergroups in the northeastern regions of the GAB. Maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses performed on 16S, CO1, and combined sequence data from 40 hydrobiid taxa found four major clades of Australian taxa. The analysis revealed that at least three separate colonization events of the GAB spring fauna have occurred. Two of these are represented by considerable radiations, (1) Jardinella to the north and east and (2) Caldicochlea, Fonscochlea, and possibly Trochidrobia in South Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • Prioritising Threatened Species and Threatening Processes Across Northern Australia: User Guide for Data
    Prioritising threatened species and threatening processes across northern Australia User guide for data by Anna Pintor, Mark Kennard, Jorge G. Álvarez-Romero and Stephanie Hernandez © James Cook University, 2019 Prioritising threatened species and threatening processes across northern Australia: User guide for data is licensed by James Cook University for use under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Australia licence. For licence conditions see creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 This report should be cited as: Pintor A,1 Kennard M,2 Álvarez-Romero JG,1,3 and Hernandez S.1 2019. Prioritising threatened species and threatening processes across northern Australia: User guide for data. James Cook University, Townsville. 1. James Cook University 2. Griffith University 3. ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies Cover photographs Front cover: Butler’s Dunnart is a threatened species which is found only on the Tiwi Islands in the Northern Territory, photo Alaric Fisher. Back cover: One of the spatially explicit maps created during this project. This report is available for download from the Northern Australia Environmental Resources (NAER) Hub website at nespnorthern.edu.au The Hub is supported through funding from the Australian Government’s National Environmental Science Program (NESP). The NESP NAER Hub is hosted by Charles Darwin University. ISBN 978-1-925800-44-9 December, 2019 Printed by Uniprint Contents Acronyms....................................................................................................................................vi
    [Show full text]
  • Galilee Basin Thermal Coal Prohibition Bill Submission
    Galilee Basin Thermal Coal Prohibition Bill Submission This submission relates to the proposed Bill for an Act to prohibit the mining of thermal coal in the Galilee Basin. The Black-throated Finch Recovery Team is a community-based group whose mission is to secure the conservation of the Black-throated Finch (southern subspecies) Poephila cincta cincta which is listed as Endangered under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) as well as under Queensland and New South Wales state legislation. The proposed Bill is relevant to the conservation of the Black-throated Finch because of the vital importance of the Galilee Basin as a stronghold for the species. Portions of the Galilee Basin provide high quality habitat in narrow-leaf ironbark (Eucalyptus crebra) and other woodlands and these areas support the highest know densities and largest known surviving populations of the bird. The only other area known to support relatively large populations is the Townsville Coastal Plain where the species is threatened by urban expansion, intensive livestock grazing and vegetation change, including weed invasion. The species is rare, if not extinct, further south in Queensland and in New South Wales. Open-cut and underground coal mining present a major threat to the populations of Black- throated Finch in the Galilee Basin. These threats relate to mine footprints themselves, which can be substantial, especially in the case of open-cut mining, and to the direct and indirect effects of mining-related infrastructure. Offsets, as proposed for as part of the conditions for approval of developments, such as the Carmichael Mine, do not compensate for loss of habitat and populations of Black-throated Finch and there is the very real risk that there are inadequate areas suitable for offsets.
    [Show full text]
  • Why Do Coal Mines Need So Much Water? 13 April 2017, by Ellen Moon
    Why do coal mines need so much water? 13 April 2017, by Ellen Moon as a water-based slurry for further processing. Mines also need water for things like equipment maintenance, and for consumption by the mining communities themselves. In total, about 250 litres of freshwater are required per tonne of coal produced. This freshwater makes up around a quarter of the total water demand during coal production, the rest being "worked" (recycled) water. Coal mines, such as this one near Bowen, use water for What other industries use lots of water? everything from equipment cooling to dust management. Credit: CSIRO, CC BY The Great Artesian Basin is one of the largest underground water reservoirs in the world. It underlies 22% of Australia's land area, beneath the arid and semi-arid parts of Queensland, New South From accidental water spills into coastal wetlands, Wales, South Australia and the Northern Territory. to proposed taxpayer-funded loans, Adani's planned Carmichael coal mine and the associated Its aquifers supply water to around 200 towns or Abbot Point coal terminal can't keep out of the settlements, most of which are allowed to draw news at the moment. between 100 and 500 million litres (ML) per year. Last week, the granting of an unlimited 60-year water licence to the Carmichael mine, in Queensland's Galilee Basin, rattled environmentalists, farmers and community groups alike. In a region experiencing prolonged drought conditions, the provision of unlimited water for one of the largest mining operations in the Southern Hemisphere seems like a commitment at odds with current climate predictions.
    [Show full text]
  • Guided by Her: Aboriginal Women's Participation in Australian Expeditions
    5 Guided by her: Aboriginal women’s participation in Australian expeditions Allison Cadzow I was compelled in a great measure to be guided by her. She was acquainted with all their haunts and was a native of Port Davey, belonging to this tribe and having a brother and other relatives living among them, [Low. Ger Nown] was her native place. Though I knew she intended sojourning with them, yet there was no alternative but to follow her suggestions … George Augustus Robinson discussing Dray’s guiding in Tasmania (6 April 1830) Our female guide, who had scarcely before ventured to look up, stood now boldly forward, and addressed the strange tribe in a very animated and apparently eloquent manner; and when her countenance was thus lighted up, displaying fine teeth, and great earnestness of manner, I was delighted to perceive what soul the woman possessed, and could not but consider our party fortunate in having met with such an interpreter. Thomas Mitchell discussing Turandurey’s guiding in New South Wales (12 May 1836) The Aboriginal women mentioned above are clearly represented as guides and appear in plain view; they are not in hiding. While women did hide from white expedition members – for good reason considering 85 BRoKERS AND BouNDARIES the frequent violence of white people towards them – this was not the only reaction they had. Historians have largely ignored Aboriginal women’s involvement in exploration expeditions, though there are some notable exceptions in the work of Henry Reynolds, Lyndall Ryan and Donald Baker. Some other authors who have attended to them, such as Philip Clarke, imply that women were invariably hidden away during encounters, suggesting they were not actively involved in expeditions.1 Even when women did hide, this was not necessarily the end of the story, as they sometimes re-emerged after assessing the situation.
    [Show full text]
  • Bayardella Burch, 1977
    Bayardella Burch, 1977 Diagnostic features Snails with small neritiform or cylindrical shell with a low spire. The shell surface has raised spiral ribs and transverse striae, giving appearance of small, incised rectangles The aperture length is almost equal to the whole shell, and has a continuous periostracal fringe. The columellar margin is reflected and slightly curved, without a columellar fold. A deep umbilicus is present. The copulatory organ has an accessory bursa, but lacks a flagellum. A large muscular bulb is suspended from the proximal end of the praeputium, into which the duct of the accessory bursa opens. The anus lies on the anterior edge of rectal lobe. Classification Class Gastropoda Infraclass Heterobranchia Megaorder Hygrophila Order Lymnaeida Superfamily Planorboidea Family Planorbidae Subfamily: Miratestinae Genus Bayardella Burch, 1977 Type species: Plesiophysa (Bayardella) johni Burch, 1977 Original reference: Burch, J.B. (1977). A new freshwater snail (Basommatophora : Planorbidae) from Australia, Plesiophysa (Bayardella) johni. Malacological Review 10: 79-80. Type locality: sdell River, Walcott nlet, north Western Australia. State of taxonomy We follow Walker (1988). We know of at least one undescribed species of Bayardella. Biology and ecology Under wood and stones, in streams and waterholes. At least one species (B. cosmeta) capable of aestivation (Smith and Burn, 1976); biology otherwise unstudied. Distribution Northern, central and eastern Australian mainland. Notes Only Glyptophysa (Glyptophysa) aliciae has similar heavy periostracal spiral ridges. Bayardella has a narrower and much smaller spire and a less distinct shoulder and is smaller in size than G. (G) aliciae. Bayardella also has a much larger aperture compared to G. (G) aliciae.
    [Show full text]