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1 Khwaja Baqi Billah Shaykh Ahmed abdur Rashid June 8, 2013 www.circlegroup.org Saturday Subhat Khwaja Baqi Billah (ra) And the History of Orders after Him Bismi-Llāhi-r-Rahmāni-r-Rahīm. I have been telling you a little about the history, and I was quoting some of the historians regarding Khwaja Baqi Billah (ra), who did not like notoriety, and he only had a few, very serious muridīn. As soon as he arrives in Delhi, it is known that he has arrived. His reputation came before him. You remember all the teachers that he studied with, and how he winds up where he winds up in the Naqshbandi line. By the end of 1601, he has certain very distinguished disciples in Delhi. The reason why his reputation came with him is because there was an imperial encampment that had returned to Delhi. They had come from Afghanistan and the area that is now Pakistan, and they had brought news of these saints, these awliyā. Shaykh Farid Bukhari (ra), who was a noted shaykh in Delhi at the time, welcomed Baqi Billah because he came from his own homeland. By the end of 1601, Shaykh Farid was asked to eradicate the collection of corrupt officials and the revenue collectors from the road from Lahore to Delhi. His official duties brought him into contact with the Khwaja Baqi Billah, who wrote many letters to Shaykh Farid. Ghaus Shaykh Shatari was another famous shaykh who mentioned that Farid Bukhari paid all the expenses of the Khwaja’s khanaqah. So he had the help of a number of people. Later on, Mujaddid al-alf ath-thānī Shaykh Ahmad Farūqī Sirhindī (ra) also reinforced this understanding. I am trying to give you a sense of how things work among these people. They supported one another. They were very, very pious people. The Moghul empire at 1 Shaykh Ahmed abdur Rashid June 8, 2013 www.circlegroup.org Saturday Subhat the time, as may empires did, gave out land grants and charity through people who they felt were beneficial to them. Because Khwaja Baqi Billah was of such high stature, the Shah Jehan Jehan would take advice from him. This was written by Sadri Jehan about Shaykh Ahmad Farūqī Sirhindī (ra): There is a man in Sirhind named Shaykh Ahmed. He is very learned and very strong in piety. For some days he is associated with Baqi Billah, who found his achievements surprisingly impressive. It would be seen that he would be a lamp to brighten the whole universe, and I am convinced of his mystical evidence. The brothers and the relations of this Shaykh are all holy men and some of them are known to his supplicant. They are talented and they are spiritual gems. The children of the Shaykh are also embodiment of Divine mystery. In short, however, in large families you see excessive poverty, unemployment and it has made their material condition distressing. If some annual cash grant were assigned to the family, it would be most meritorious. And even if it were not exorbitant, it would be a much laudable step. It may be noted that the faqirs are the gateway to Allah.” Then Shaykh Baqi Billah made another gesture to Shaykh Ahmed when Miran Sadri ad Jehan requested that the Khwaja teach him dhikr and muraqabah of the Naqshbandiyya. The Khwaja acquiesced, but he advised him to learn the muraqabah from Shaykh Ahmad Farūqī Sirhindī (ra), who was his murīd. So you see? This is the character of the awliyā of our tariqah. This is the way they are. They don’t have a lot of followers. They took the teachings very seriously. They didn’t kowtow to anybody. They were very honest. Baqi Billah, in his own right, wrote some small essays on the understanding of the Naqshbandi Ahrariyya Order. (Remember? ‘Ubaydullāh Ahrār (ra) was a Ahrariyya 2 Shaykh Ahmed abdur Rashid June 8, 2013 www.circlegroup.org Saturday Subhat from the Khwaja Khwajagan.) They were also included in letters and other talks and in his poetry. You remember what I told you that he was really wahadat wujudi. Many of his Rubaiyya and his poetry were reflecting the philosophy of Ibn Araby (ra). But Shaykh Ahmad Farūqī Sirhindī (ra) wrote a very detailed tafsir, an exegetical writing called the Shahr Pubaiyat, on some of the writings of his Shaykh. And as far as I know, these have not been translated. I have never been able to find a translation of them. It would be very interesting to see what they are. The greatest successor of Khwaja Baqi Billah was Shaykh Ahmad Farūqī Sirhindī (ra). The murīd who looked after his family and built his darga was Khwaja Husamudīn Ahmed Kunduz; and his father, Qazi Nizam of Badraqshan migrated to Agra. So the influences of these khwajas at the court, and then later in the family, was very, very strong. They were all very devoted Sufis. They were all very devoted students of Baqi Billah. Remember, he does not have many murīds. Delhi at the time was a very political place. People did not like to be there. People had come back from wars; they were war veterans like we have today. These were veterans, not of the standard kind of war that you think of at the time, where people lined up and fought each other. There was actually guerilla warfare going on, like we find today. So people had lost a lot of heart and spirituality, and Khwaja Baqi Billah gave them hope by giving them these teachings that you are supposed to practice—the muraqabah and the inner mystical teachings of Islam. [So these people] had been fighting wars, and fighting in the name of Islam. A lot of people are being killed, and a lot of people are being injured. They would find their way back to Delhi, to the court. These protracted wars have taken a toll on them. They have PTSD, truly. So, he was sort of a threat to the rulers. They tried to get him to back off, but he didn’t. 3 Shaykh Ahmed abdur Rashid June 8, 2013 www.circlegroup.org Saturday Subhat At one point, one of the Khwajas was being pressured to resign, Khwaja Husamudīn. He was actually in the military, and eventually he does resign under protest; but Khwaja Baqi Billah, protected him against the harassment of the rulers and the other people. The point here is that these Shaykhs had a lot of influence, a lot of power. He used it very, very sparingly. Then there were all these kinds of mystical rumors going around. For example, that Khwaja Husamudīn was very dedicated to Khwaja Baqi Billah and to Shaykh Ahmad Farūqī Sirhindī (ra). He was given the right to instruct people in the first practice of dhikr. In the beginning practice of dhikr, he had an idhn to teach that. But that was the extent of what he was allowed to do. He found it to be such a difficult challenge to teach people, because of their attitude, that he asked to be relieved of the responsibility of it. He did not want to do it. At the time that Baqi Billah was very ill, Khwaja Husamudīn served him when the senior disciples were absent from the khanaqah, and the Khwaja’s children were too young. But after his death, what he did was spend his time keeping the khanaqah going, against many odds, and educating the children of the Shaykh. He believed that Khwaja Nasrudin Ubaydullāh Ahrār (ra) was re-born in the form of Khwaja Baqi Billah. So now you see the Hindu influence coming in. Even after Khwaja Baqi Billah’s death, he would continue to receive blessings from Khawja Baqi Billah’s tomb. Having sat many, many hours at that tomb, I will tell you that it is a very unique place. Some of my best meditations were at that tomb in 120 degree weather. It was too hot for the bugs, even. There were no mosquitoes. It was too hot. Khwaja Husamudīn started every day, of course, with his Fajr prayer. Then after about an hour, he sat in meditation, and then did his superogatory morning prayers. Then he would visit the tomb of Khwaja Baqi Billah, which was about a kilometer 4 Shaykh Ahmed abdur Rashid June 8, 2013 www.circlegroup.org Saturday Subhat and a half outside of Delhi, at the time. Now it is in the middle of Old Delhi. After that, he would stay there until it was time for prayer again. He would pray there and then he would sit and recite Qur’an. Before that, he would meditate and do some nafle prayers. Then he would come home late and care for Baqi Billah’s home, and care for the family of Baqi Billah (ra). This was the type of people. These are the people who are your spiritual ancestors and predecessors. I wanted you to get to know them to some degree. Khwaja Husamudīn believed also in the wahadat wujud philosophy of Baqi Billah and the Ahraris. He was not interested in the wahadat shuhud of Shaykh Ahmad Farūqī Sirhindī (ra). He probably never participated in the practices. But the sons of Khwaja Baqi Billah, and the other Sufis in the khanaqah, did participate in the sama. You have the people of the same lineage, where Shaykh Ahmad Farūqī Sirhindī (ra) is given a high status by Baqi Billah (ra), but he has this philosophy of wahadat shuhud, so there is no sama, no dhikr. But the children of Baqi Billah (ra) did participate in the sama, like we have on Saturday night.
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