ARTICLES : L. A. PINCUS • A. L DULZIN • DR. I. GOLDSTEIN • Y. TSUR • M BAR-ON • J. I. KLARMAN • H. FINKELSTEIN • M. B. MEIRY • U. NARKtSS • Z. INFELD • DR. L. BERGER • RESEARCH — SURVEYS — SYMPOSIUMS: • GUIDE TO THE WORLD JEWISH COMMUNITIES • ABSORPTION POSSIBILITIES FOR SELF-EMPLOYED IMMIGRANTS • THE DETERMINANTS OF MOTIVES OF ISRAELI STUDENTS STUDYING IN THE U.S.A. • VOLUNTEERS TO ISRAEL • HANDICAPPED PERSONS IN ISRAEL AND THEIR VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION • THE ACTIVITIES OF THE J. A. AS VIEWED BY THE ISRAELI PUBLIC • ISRAEL'S IMAGE ABROAD — SYMPOSIUM • THE EXODUS OF POLISH JEWRY — SYMPOSIUM f I 1971 ANNUAL ו ף ף׳ THE OFFICE FOR ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL RESEARCH THE JEWISH AGENCY, JERUSALEM THE AMERICAN JitvviSH COMMITTEE Biaustein Library ISRAEL AND WORLD JEWRY Editor : Dr. L. BERGER Assistant Editor : CHAYA LAZAR ANNUAL ו 971 THE OFFICE FOR ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL RESEARCH, THE JEWISH AGENCY, JERUSALEM. 956 fl7| Printing : Jepheth Printing Press Ltd., Tel Aviv TABLE OF CONTENTS The Unity of the Jewish People — L. A. Pincus, Jewish Agency Executive Chairman 5 Co-Existence in the Israeli Economy — A. L. Dulzin Treasurer, Member of Jewish Agency Executive 9 The Fathers of Keren Hayessod — Dr. I. Goldstein, Chairman of the Keren Hayessod Board of Directors 17 Public Ownership of Land-Guarantee of its Equitable Disposition — Y. Tsur, Chairman of the J.N.F. Board of Directors 23 World Jewish Youth is Seeking Paths to Judaism — M. Bar-On, Head of the Youth and Hechalutz Dept 27 Youth Aliya Tries New Ways — J. L. Klarman, Head of the Youth Aliyah Dept 33 Education : From Routine to a New Drive — H. Finkelstein, Head of the Dept. for Education and Culture in the Diaspora ... 37 Public Control of the National Institutions — M. B. Meiry, Comptroller of the World Zionist Org. — The J. A. for Israel ... 42 Absorption : An Incentive to Aliya — U. Narkiss, Director-General, Aliya and Absorption Dept 49 The Challenge of the State of Israel — Z. Infeld, Adviser to Chairman of J. A. Executive 51 The Impact of the Cultural Standard of the Society on Development — Dr. L. Berger, Director, Office for Economic and Social Research, J. A. 57 RESEARCH — SURVEYS : Guide to the World Jewish Communities— P. Glikson, The Hebrew University, Institute of Contemporary Jewry .... 62 Absorption Possibilities for Self-Employed Immigrants — Study conducted by the Office for Economic and Social Research, J. A. 96 The Determinants of Motives of Israeli Students Studying in the U.S.A. — Dr. P. Ritterband, Bureau of Applied Social Research, Columbia University N.Y 146 Volunteers to Israel — Study, the Henrietta Szold Institute, Jerusalem . 164 Handicapped Perosns in Israel and their Vocational Rehabilitation — Study, H. Avidor, the Social Service Department J. A. and A. Nizan, the Office of National Insurance, Israel 168 The Activities of the J. A. as Viewed by the Israeli Public — Institute of Applied Social Research, Jerusalem 174 Israel's Image Abroad — Symposium 179 The Exodus of Polish Jewry — Symposium 187 THE UNITY OF THE JEWISH PEOPLE by L. A. PINCUS, Chairman of the Jewish Agency Executive No one with a sense of history — history of the Zionist movement, history of the Jewish people and its relation to Jewish Palestine and then Israel — can but feel the significance of people coming together for the first time, really, since 1935, in this form: the representatives of the Zionist Movement on the one side, and on the other the leaders of the Jewish community who devote large portions of their time and effort for the assistance to Israel, to the Jews who have to come•- here and to the Jews who are already here. We've always spoken of partnership. I have deliberately avoided using that expression. I prefer to express our presence here as Israel relying on itself, and as part of that self, relying on the Jews of the world. It was Weizmann who, in 1929, perceiving the need of the total Jewish peo- pie to be mobilized, tried to bring into partnership with the Zionist movement those factors and those persons who were willing to go at least part of the road with the Zionist movement for the benefit of all. Therefore I make no apology for looking backward. You cannot escape, not in this country and not at this moment, the wealth of history that lies behind this gathering. Let us never forget that our history and our past have a direct practical rele- vance to what we have to do today. Let us never forget that those who cannot remember the past are doomed to repeat it. ISRAEL AS ENVISAGED BY LOUIS MARSHALL With this spirit and with this purpose, let me refer to what was said by the leaders that gathered in Zurich, in 1929. In his book Trial and Error, Weizmann made it clear that organizationally the Jewish Agency did not bear the fruit we wanted from it then. But it left behind it a rich legacy of unity of spirit and carved paths of that unity, all of which bore magnificent fruit during the period of the Holocaust, during the creation of the Jewish State and, in a real sense, today. Louis Marshall, who was then President of the American Jewish Committee said: "Jewish Palestine has accomplished marvels in the last 25 years. In stimulat- ing Jewish thought among our youth throughout the world, it has brought about a renaissance of Jewish learning and scholarship which has once more made * Keynote Address to the Planning Committee for the Reconstruction of the Jewish Agency, Jerusalem, August 24, 1970. 6 THE JEWISH AGENCY Hebrew a living language. It has given thousands of us who at one time were indifferent to our history something to live for and aspire to. Why should not such an ideal be regarded as belonging to all Jews?" It is a commonplace today that Israel has those qualities in much greater measure than even Marshall foresaw. He said that in 1929 when there Were 156,000 Jews living in mandated Jewish Palestine, when the total immigration for the ten years preceding the statement was but 100,000. Today we are talking about the role that Israel plays in the Jewish renaissance, with a Jewish State and a society practically, morally, effectively based on the prophetic principles of social justice, at a time when its heroic struggle for survival is one of the great challenges and one of the great inspirations to our youth throughout the world. Anybody here who has any dealing with the diaspora knows what a long, long role we have to play in bringing the Jewish youth towards us, with us in our future. But I make so bold as to say that if there is one dynamic inspiring force that is beginning to prove itself amongst Jewish youth, it is the dynamic inspiration that Israel in its society, in its posture, in its real content is playing in their lives. And not only amongst the free youth. :: Never should a Jewish Assembly of any kind pass by without reference to this. Israel is playing its part with Jewish youth We had thought was bound to be lost to us forever, assimilated, gone from the body politic of Jewish life. It is Israel that has brought back the Jewish youth of the Soviet Union, in growing and growing numbers, in courage and determination to reestablish its links with us and'with the total Jewish people. That is Israel. And that is the Israel of Marshall's vision. Marshall did not and Could not then have spoken, not only of that spiritual renaissance but of the great humanitarian task that Israel has played since 1929. We must not treat everything as if history began on May the 15th of 1948. One million seven hun- dred thousand Jews were brought here from 1929 to today, prior to the establish, ment of the •State and thereafter. They were taken from the hell of Hitler, they were taken from the fast vanishing communities in the Moslem countries. They are being taken today from countries where the saving of life and the insuring of freedom as a man and as a Jew is vital, and it has become significant for a growing number of young people from the free countries. Those were the aspects that maybe Marshall never even believed were possible. Maybe he thought, as many did, that this was the crazy dream of the Zionists. FREE AND EQUAL PARTICIPATION At the Zionist Congress in 1968, and again at the subsequent Actions Com- mittee, it was decided that organizational reforms and ways and direction must be found to give proper expression to the new spirit that was abroad, to the new spirit of unity among the Jewish people that has become manifest after the Six Day War. The Zionist Movement came to the conclusion that it would accept a part- nership on the basis of separation but it would not push that separation any further than: the legal obligations compel it, and would not, under any shape or form, destroy the spirit of unity and make separation, as it were, an ideal in itself. Whatever the failures of the past have been, and with all those reservations, we were satisfied that the time was ripe for implementation. As to the ideal of a broadened Jewish Agency, its time has also come. Today we sit as fund-raising bodies, with the World Zionist Organization^ to join in free and equal participation in the work of rescue, rehabilitation, resettlement, reconstruction in Israel. And to THE UNITY OF THE JEWISH PEOPLE 7 share, all of us together, in the thinking, the planning, the execution of these great tasks.