DOCSLIB.ORG

Zion of Their Own Hebrew Women's Nationalist Writing

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Zion of Their Own Hebrew Women's Nationalist Writing Zion of Their Own Hebrew Women’s Nationalist Writing By Orian Zakai A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Comparative Literature) in The University of Michigan 2012 Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Carol B. Bardenstein, Chair Associate Professor Shahar M. Pinsker Professor Anton Shammas Associate Professor Ruth Tsoffar © Orian Zakai 2012 Acknowledgements Many people have kindly offered me their invaluable support and guidance throughout the writing of this dissertation. I am particularly grateful to my advisor Carol Bardenstein for her patient and warm mentorship and her unwavering faith in my project. Carol’s uncompromising critical insights have driven me to expand my analytical horizons, and to constantly strive for more rigorous, original and precise thinking. I thank Ruth Tsoffar for inspiring conversations, for her attentive reading and perceptive commentary on my work, and, in particular, for being a guide and a model in the process of opening up texts and investigating the possibilities that every text holds. Shachar Pinsker’s scholarship and teaching have been a source of inspiration throughout the years. Shachar’s advice and support were invaluable in initiating me as a scholar of Hebrew literature. I feel fortunate for having worked with such a kind and generous mentor. I would like to extend my deep gratitude to Anton Shammas, whose wise remarks, as of the early stages of writing, have shaped my overall approach to the politics and poetics of texts. I hope I have managed to follow Anton’s advice and read the texts of the past with acute awareness of the present. I would not have been able to survive the process of writing without the tremendous help of my friends. My beloved Alexandra Hoffman (Sasha) has been an immense source of comfort and inspiration in the process of negotiating the tensions between life, activism and scholarship. Sasha, I thank you for being there through the best of times and the worst of times, and for being beautiful in countless ways. Yanay Israeli has spent days and nights reading the chapters of this dissertation (more than ii once), commenting, affirming, and challenging my writing. Yanay, for the depth of your thinking and the kindness of your soul, and for always expecting the best of me, my love and gratitude are yours. Sridevi Nair has guided me as a sister from the early days of graduate school to stressful times of job market and dissertation writing. Sri, I am grateful your wisdom and kindness. I thank Efrat Bloom for her sensitive remarks on my work, for her invaluable help with translation and for her warmth and generousity. My gratitude is extended to Maayan Eitan for intellectually stimulating conversations and emotional space, to Sara Feldman for her collegiality and support, and to Oren Segal for his advices and attentiveness. The support of the staff and faculty of the Department of Comparative Literature was extremely significant in enabling me to put my best efforts into my work. I am also thankful to the participants of the Community of Scholars at Institute for Research on Women and Gender, and in particular to Hannah Rosen, for her insightful response to my writing. Finally, I would like to extend my gratitude to the many archivists and librarians who have patiently guided me throughout my research. I am particularly indebted to the staff of Gnazim Institute, the Zionist Archive, Beit Ariela Archive of Hebrew Journalism, Yad Tabenkin Archive, Rishon Le-Tziyon Archive, and Israel’s National Library. iii Table of Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................. ii Abstract ............................................................................................................................ viii A Note on Translation and Translitertion .......................................................................... ix CHAPTER I Introduction: Zionist Women’s Zionism: Makings, Ethics and Politics ........................ 1 Were You There or Were You But a Dream? Recovering Women’s Prose ......... 10 The Other Message: The Subversive Subject in Hebrew Feminist Literary Studies ............................. 17 I Have Only Known How to Tell of Myself? Women’s History and Gendered History .............................................................. 31 Zionist Oedipus: Jewish Masculinity Studies ....................................................... 35 Activists and Writers............................................................................................. 43 II Split Fantasy: The Land and the Question of the New Hebrew Woman in the Writings of Ḥemda Ben-Yehuda ...................................................................... 49 Introduction: Gender and Jewish Dilemmas of Placedness .................................. 49 The Question of the New Hebrew Woman, 1896 ................................................. 55 The Land, the Orient and the Question of Woman, 1892 ..................................... 65 The Prophet and the Harlot ................................................................................... 69 Return and Deferment ........................................................................................... 73 Behind the Curtain: The Exchange of Women ..................................................... 80 A Note on Writing and Married Life .................................................................... 91 III Entering the Records: The New Jew and the New Woman in the Autobiography of Sara Azaryahu .................................................................... 96 Introduction: The New Jew, the New Woman, and the Other Woman ................ 96 iv Hide and Seek: Feminine Difference and the Text ............................................. 105 Oriental Architectures and False Lights ............................................................. 113 How to Ask: Suffrage and the Limits of Conversation....................................... 119 Porous Speech ..................................................................................................... 127 Found What You Were Looking For? The New Hebrew Woman and her Sick Sister ................................................................................................................... 131 IV Gluing the Pages: The Body of the New Hebrew Woman in the Writings of Rivka Alper................................................................................. 136 Introduction: Unchosen Bodies........................................................................... 136 “Should She be Commended for This?”: The Illegible Body............................. 140 Beds of Pain ........................................................................................................ 149 Pirpurim, Parties and “National Sentiments” ..................................................... 153 Patient Pure Poverty ............................................................................................ 161 Sounds of the Night: the Woman Friend ............................................................ 165 Under the Canopy: Summoning the Other Woman ............................................ 169 I Want Rivka, I Need Rivka ................................................................................ 177 Concluding Notes: A Chaste and Beautiful Bride .............................................. 183 V Foreign Hands: Femininity, Racism and the Discourse of Hebrew Labor in the Stories of Neḥama Poḥatchevsky.................................................................... 186 Introduction: “And Her Name Was Labor” ........................................................ 186 Questions Known to Her: “The Feminine” and Zionist Ethics ........................... 192 Sentimental Affliction ......................................................................................... 196 Carved of the Same Light: Hebrew Labor, Avodah Zarah, Women’s Work ..... 201 “Why Should We Always Give and Give?” ....................................................... 211 The Contagious Sister: Her Hysteria and His ..................................................... 215 Looking into the Field of the Other .................................................................... 222 Nora – Tzipora .................................................................................................... 227 Conclusion: A National Metonym ...................................................................... 233 VI The Women’s Journey: Coming of age, Coming to the Land, Coming to the Nation in the Writings of Dvora Baron ............................................................................... 235 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 235 A Natural Woman ............................................................................................... 240 v The Color of the Daughter of Israel .................................................................... 247 The Specter of Ita ................................................................................................ 251 Talk like a Turk ................................................................................................... 256 Hagar’s Shawl ..................................................................................................... 270 Picking over Wounds .........................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • University College London Purim Newsletter 2011
    University College London Department of Hebrew and Jewish Studies Purim Newsletter 2011 Hebrew and Jewish Studies Congratulations… To Dr. Lily Kahn who has been appointed to a permanent Lectureship in the Department. To Prof. Sacha Stern who has been awarded a British Academy Small Research Grant for the project entitled 'Jewish Calendar Controversies in the 10th -11th Centuries Near East: A Historical and Codicological Analysis'. To Prof. Mark Geller who has been awarded a two-year Wellcome Trust Grant which will provide a Medical History and Humanities fellowship for Dr. Ulrike Steinert for her study entitled ‘Gynaecology in the Medical Texts of An- cient Mesopotamia from the 1st Millennium BC’. To undergraduate Joshua Mirwis and his wife, Eli, on the birth of their daughter, Layla Amélie. To undergraduate Genc Sejko on the birth of his baby girl. To Dr. Alinda Damsma on the occasion of her forthcoming wedding to Dr. Nader Saffari (Reader in Ultrasonics, UCL Mechanical Engineering) To the 2010/11 awardees of the Ian Karten Charitable Scholarship: Yonatan Birnbaum (MA Language, Culture and History: Hebrew and Jewish Studies) Jan Henning (MA Language, Culture and History: Holocaust Studies) Aneta Horniak (MA Language, Culture and History: Hebrew and Jewish Studies) Ari Lamm (MA Language, Culture and History: Hebrew and Jewish Studies) Contents 2 “IMPACT” Again Ada Rapoport-Albert 4 Seeing with Two Pairs of Eyes Lindsey Taylor-Guthartz 8 African-American Travels Vanessa Freedman 11 The Adath Yisrael Cemetery Stephen Gabriel Rosenberg 13
    [Show full text]
  • Israel-Hizbullah Conflict: Victims of Rocket Attacks and IDF Casualties July-Aug 2006
    My MFA MFA Terrorism Terror from Lebanon Israel-Hizbullah conflict: Victims of rocket attacks and IDF casualties July-Aug 2006 Search Israel-Hizbullah conflict: Victims of rocket E-mail to a friend attacks and IDF casualties Print the article 12 Jul 2006 Add to my bookmarks July-August 2006 Since July 12, 43 Israeli civilians and 118 IDF soldiers have See also MFA newsletter been killed. Hizbullah attacks northern Israel and Israel's response About the Ministry (Note: The figure for civilians includes four who died of heart attacks during rocket attacks.) MFA events Foreign Relations Facts About Israel July 12, 2006 Government - Killed in IDF patrol jeeps: Jerusalem-Capital Sgt.-Maj.(res.) Eyal Benin, 22, of Beersheba Treaties Sgt.-Maj.(res.) Shani Turgeman, 24, of Beit Shean History of Israel Sgt.-Maj. Wassim Nazal, 26, of Yanuah Peace Process - Tank crew hit by mine in Lebanon: Terrorism St.-Sgt. Alexei Kushnirski, 21, of Nes Ziona Anti-Semitism/Holocaust St.-Sgt. Yaniv Bar-on, 20, of Maccabim Israel beyond politics Sgt. Gadi Mosayev, 20, of Akko Sgt. Shlomi Yirmiyahu, 20, of Rishon Lezion Int'l development MFA Publications - Killed trying to retrieve tank crew: Our Bookmarks Sgt. Nimrod Cohen, 19, of Mitzpe Shalem News Archive MFA Library Eyal Benin Shani Turgeman Wassim Nazal Nimrod Cohen Alexei Kushnirski Yaniv Bar-on Gadi Mosayev Shlomi Yirmiyahu July 13, 2006 Two Israelis were killed by Katyusha rockets fired by Hizbullah: Monica Seidman (Lehrer), 40, of Nahariya was killed in her home; Nitzo Rubin, 33, of Safed, was killed while on his way to visit his children.
    [Show full text]
  • Most Common Jewish First Names in Israel Edwin D
    Names 39.2 (June 1991) Most Common Jewish First Names in Israel Edwin D. Lawson1 Abstract Samples of men's and women's names drawn from English language editions of Israeli telephone directories identify the most common names in current usage. These names, categorized into Biblical, Traditional, Modern Hebrew, and Non-Hebrew groups, indicate that for both men and women over 90 percent come from Hebrew, with the Bible accounting for over 70 percent of the male names and about 40 percent of the female. Pronunciation, meaning, and Bible citation (where appropriate) are given for each name. ***** The State of Israel represents a tremendous opportunity for names research. Immigrants from traditions and cultures as diverse as those of Yemen, India, Russia, and the United States have added their onomastic contributions to the already existing Jewish culture. The observer accustomed to familiar first names of American Jews is initially puzzled by the first names of Israelis. Some of them appear to be biblical, albeit strangely spelled; others appear very different. What are these names and what are their origins? Benzion Kaganoffhas given part of the answer (1-85). He describes the evolution of modern Jewish naming practices and has dealt specifi- cally with the change of names of Israeli immigrants. Many, perhaps most, of the Jews who went to Israel changed or modified either personal or family name or both as part of the formation of a new identity. However, not all immigrants changed their names. Names such as David, Michael, or Jacob required no change since they were already Hebrew names.
    [Show full text]
  • Briefing: Labor Zionism and the Histadrut
    Briefing: Labor Zionism and the Histadrut International Jewish Anti-Zionist Network-Labor, & Labor for Palestine (US), April 13, 2010 We are thus asking the international trade unions to Jewish working class in any country of the boycott the Histadrut to pressure it to guarantee Diaspora.‖6 rights for our workers and to pressure the The socialist movement in Russia, where most government to end the occupation and to recognize Jews lived, was implacably opposed to Zionism, the full rights of the Palestinian people. ―Palestinian which pandered to the very Tsarist officials who Unions call for Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions,‖ sponsored anti-Semitic pogroms. Similarly, in the February 11, 2007.1 United States, ―[p]overty pushed [Jewish] workers We must call for the isolation of Histadrut, Israel’s into unions organized by the revolutionary minority,‖ racist trade union, which supports unconditionally and ―[a]t its prime, the Jewish labor movement the occupation of Palestine and the inhumane loathed Zionism,‖7 which conspicuously abstained treatment of the Arab workers in Israel. COSATU, from fighting for immigrant workers‘ rights. June 24-26, 2009.2 • Anti-Bolshevism. It was partly to reverse this • Overview. In their call for Boycott, Divestment Jewish working class hostility to Zionism that, on 2 and Sanctions (BDS) against Apartheid Israel, all November 1917, Britain issued the Balfour Palestinian trade union bodies have specifically Declaration, which promised a ―Jewish National targeted the Histadrut, the Zionist labor federation. Home‖ in Palestine. As discussed below, this is because the Histadrut The British government was particularly anxious has used its image as a ―progressive‖ institution to to weaken Jewish support for the Bolsheviks, who spearhead—and whitewash—racism, apartheid, vowed to take Russia, a key British ally, out of the dispossession and ethnic cleansing against the war.
    [Show full text]
  • Forming a Nucleus for the Jewish State
    Table of Contents Introduction ........................................................................................... 3 Jewish Settlements 70 CE - 1882 ......................................................... 4 Forming a Nucleus for First Aliyah (1882-1903) ...................................................................... 5 Second Aliyah (1904-1914) .................................................................. 7 the Jewish State: Third Aliyah (1919-1923) ..................................................................... 9 First and Second Aliyot (1882-1914) ................................................ 11 First, Second, and Third Aliyot (1882-1923) ................................... 12 1882-1947 Fourth Aliyah (1924-1929) ................................................................ 13 Fifth Aliyah Phase I (1929-1936) ...................................................... 15 First to Fourth Aliyot (1882-1929) .................................................... 17 Dr. Kenneth W. Stein First to Fifth Aliyot Phase I (1882-1936) .......................................... 18 The Peel Partition Plan (1937) ........................................................... 19 Tower and Stockade Settlements (1936-1939) ................................. 21 The Second World War (1940-1945) ................................................ 23 Postwar (1946-1947) ........................................................................... 25 11 Settlements of October 5-6 (1947) ............................................... 27 First
    [Show full text]
  • Israel: Growing Pains at 60
    Viewpoints Special Edition Israel: Growing Pains at 60 The Middle East Institute Washington, DC Middle East Institute The mission of the Middle East Institute is to promote knowledge of the Middle East in Amer- ica and strengthen understanding of the United States by the people and governments of the region. For more than 60 years, MEI has dealt with the momentous events in the Middle East — from the birth of the state of Israel to the invasion of Iraq. Today, MEI is a foremost authority on contemporary Middle East issues. It pro- vides a vital forum for honest and open debate that attracts politicians, scholars, government officials, and policy experts from the US, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. MEI enjoys wide access to political and business leaders in countries throughout the region. Along with information exchanges, facilities for research, objective analysis, and thoughtful commentary, MEI’s programs and publications help counter simplistic notions about the Middle East and America. We are at the forefront of private sector public diplomacy. Viewpoints are another MEI service to audiences interested in learning more about the complexities of issues affecting the Middle East and US rela- tions with the region. To learn more about the Middle East Institute, visit our website at http://www.mideasti.org The maps on pages 96-103 are copyright The Foundation for Middle East Peace. Our thanks to the Foundation for graciously allowing the inclusion of the maps in this publication. Cover photo in the top row, middle is © Tom Spender/IRIN, as is the photo in the bottom row, extreme left.
    [Show full text]
  • Vase De Fleurs Dans La Fenêtre
    SP 5425 MARC CHAGALL Vitebsk, Russia 1887 - 1985 Saint-Paul-de-Vence, France Vase de fleurs dans la fenêtre Signed lower right: Chagall Gouache and pastel on paper laid down on board: 24 3/16 x 19 7/16 in / 61.5 x 49.4 cm Frame size: 34 in / 88.6 x 76.8 cm Painted in 1935-36 Provenance: James Vigeveno Galleries, Los Angeles Joan Fontaine (1917-2013), Los Angeles, acquired from the above circa 1945 and sold to benefit The Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Monterey County, California Exhibited: Pasadena Art Museum, Seventieth Anniversary Exhibition, Marc Chagall, 26th May – 28th July 1957, no. 28 (as Flowers, 1938) The Comité Marc Chagall has confirmed the authenticity of this work and is recorded by them as No: 2008086. “Supernatural” declared the French poet and art critic, Guillaume Apollinaire, upon seeing Chagall’s work for the first time. An apt description of this remarkable, luxuriant flower piece whose fantastic, iridescent forms entwine into rich, intricate layers of texture and tone. Rising from a small, central vase, Chagall’s intense and exubrant flowers almost fill the canvas, the vibrant blooms exploding from their verdant, blue/green foliage like fireworks. A delicate balance of painting and drawing, the arrangement defines and densely layers a variety of flora, contrasting luscious passages of brilliant, opaque colour with bright patches of paper, revealing the artist’s sophisticated gouache technique and power as a colourist. A lyrical painter-poet in his own right, Chagall’s vital vision of miraculous bounty is framed, but not bounded by an open window on the left with two ethereal figures delineated beneath in a pale, otherworldly predella.
    [Show full text]
  • Aliyah and Settlement Process?
    Jewish Women in Pre-State Israel HBI SERIES ON JEWISH WOMEN Shulamit Reinharz, General Editor Joyce Antler, Associate Editor Sylvia Barack Fishman, Associate Editor The HBI Series on Jewish Women, created by the Hadassah-Brandeis Institute, pub- lishes a wide range of books by and about Jewish women in diverse contexts and time periods. Of interest to scholars and the educated public, the HBI Series on Jewish Women fills major gaps in Jewish Studies and in Women and Gender Studies as well as their intersection. For the complete list of books that are available in this series, please see www.upne.com and www.upne.com/series/BSJW.html. Ruth Kark, Margalit Shilo, and Galit Hasan-Rokem, editors, Jewish Women in Pre-State Israel: Life History, Politics, and Culture Tova Hartman, Feminism Encounters Traditional Judaism: Resistance and Accommodation Anne Lapidus Lerner, Eternally Eve: Images of Eve in the Hebrew Bible, Midrash, and Modern Jewish Poetry Margalit Shilo, Princess or Prisoner? Jewish Women in Jerusalem, 1840–1914 Marcia Falk, translator, The Song of Songs: Love Lyrics from the Bible Sylvia Barack Fishman, Double or Nothing? Jewish Families and Mixed Marriage Avraham Grossman, Pious and Rebellious: Jewish Women in Medieval Europe Iris Parush, Reading Jewish Women: Marginality and Modernization in Nineteenth-Century Eastern European Jewish Society Shulamit Reinharz and Mark A. Raider, editors, American Jewish Women and the Zionist Enterprise Tamar Ross, Expanding the Palace of Torah: Orthodoxy and Feminism Farideh Goldin, Wedding Song: Memoirs of an Iranian Jewish Woman Elizabeth Wyner Mark, editor, The Covenant of Circumcision: New Perspectives on an Ancient Jewish Rite Rochelle L.
    [Show full text]
  • June 18, 2016 This Week's Text יְבָרֶ כְָך יְהוָה
    Naso June 18, 2016 This Week’s Text יְבָרֶ כְָךיְהוָה וְיִשְׁמְרֶ ָך. יָאֵר יְהוָה פָּנָיו אֵלֶיָך וִיחֻנֶָּךּ. יִשָּׂא יְהוָה פָּנָיו אֵלֶיָך וְיָשֵׂם לְָך שָׁלֹום. Numbers 6:24 May Adonai bless you and protect you. May Adtonai deal kindly and graciously with you. May Adonai bestow Divine favor upon you and grant you peace. Linking Our Text to Modern Israel The priestly benediction originates in this week’s Torah portion as the blessing Moses and Aaron were instructed to recite to the Israelite people. The intricacies of the text, still used today as a blessing in many contexts, are unique and remarkable for this ancient Biblical text. Though this is not considered an actual poem found in the Torah - the classic ones being Song of the Sea, Song at the Spring, and Moses Final Song - the shape of this blessing points to the fact that indeed it is poetry at Parody in Israeli Prayer its best. The phrases build one upon the other from 3 words in the first line, to 5 Poems in the second and finally 7 in the third. The number of letters go from 15 to 20 to 25. Furthermore, parallelism, so frequently found throughout other Biblical poetry The Flourishing of Post- is present from line to line, each intentionally expanding on the previous verse. Amichai Poetry - Tablet Clearly, this is not ordinary narrative or prose, rather it is an intentionally crafted Magazine Jan. 10, 2012 set of verses. To date, archaeologists and historians consider it to be the oldest pre- Chaim Guri exilic text to be found within Israel (from around 6th C BCE).
    [Show full text]
  • Mothers of Soldiers in Israeli Literature David Grossman’S to the End of the Land
    Mothers of Soldiers in Israeli Literature David Grossman’s To the End of the Land DANA OLMERT ABSTRACT This article addresses the national-political functions of mainstream Hebrew lit- erature, focusing on three questions: What are soldiers’ mothers in the canonical literature “allowed” to think, feel, and do, and what is considered transgressive? How has the presence of soldiers’ mothers in Israeli public life changed since the 1982 Lebanon War? At the center of the discussion is David Grossman’s novel To the End of the Land (2008). I argue that the author posits “the flight from bad tidings” as both a maternal strategy and the author’s psychopoetic strategy. This article examines the cultural and gendered significance of the analogy between the act of flight and the act of writing that Grossman advances in his epilogue. KEYWORDS mothers, soldiers, Hebrew literature, David Grossman srael’s 1982 war in Lebanon was the first to be perceived as a “war of choice” in I Israel, triggering a wave of protest as soon as units of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) crossed the border into Lebanon.1 Soldiers’ parents began to question the judgment of military leaders and to take a critical stance toward their sons’ military service. Although criticism of the militarization of Israeli society developed earlier during the 1970s and increased after the 1973 war, the 1982 war in Lebanon marked the first time that public criticism was expressed while fighting was going on. Pre- viously such criticism had emerged only after the end of hostilities.2 Only some years after the combatants’ mothers began speaking out about crucial national decisions did they become part of the literary fabric.
    [Show full text]
  • The Israel Trip
    THE EXPERIENCE OF A LIFETIME: JOIN RABBIS YOSHI ZWEIBACK & RON STERN ON THE ADULT MARCH OF THE LIVING IN POLAND AND ISRAEL FOR A CULTURAL AND CULINARY TOUR LIKE NO OTHER INAR UL Y C 7–MAY 4, 20 TO D IL 2 20 U N PR R A A L A R U T L U THE C ISRAEL TRIP 888.811.2812 New York: 500 7th Ave | 8th Floor | New York, NY 10018 Prague: Soukenicka 1194/13 | 110 00 Prague 1 | Czech Republic Jerusalem: 19 Washington Street | P.O. Box 71047 | Jerusalem, Israel 9171000 Tel Aviv: 6 Beit Hillel Street | Tel Aviv, Israel 6701709 Your Tour Educator Every journey we offer is accompanied by a Tour Educator (TE) who brings your itinerary to life. Some of our TE’s have decades of firsthand experience leading people to particular places. Your TE will provide you with an authentic understanding of the locations you will visit, will introduce you to the locals, and will share his/her enthusiasm and passion for the local culture. The result is a journey that transforms your understanding of a place, connecting you to the people and places you encounter in a way that is palpable and unforgettable. Our TE's are like no other: intelligent, knowledgeable, engaging and fun. They will become an indispensable part of your experience and some might just become lifetime friends. OUR TRIP APRIL 2 7– MAY 4, 2020 FROM $3,965 LAND & AIR FROM WARSAW TO TEL AVIV HIGHLIGHTS A journey of connection and exploration Experience the sights, sounds, and tastes of "the city that never sleeps” Access to top thinkers, writers, comedians, and journalists Party with the locals on Israel’s Independence Day From Israel’s early artists to contemporary street art and graffiti Explore Jewish-Arab efforts to create integrated communities Whiskey distillery, winery, and private dinner with a chef: a culinary adventure Musical Shabbat in Tel Aviv Exceptional service with top-notch tour educators and speakers DAY ONE MONDAY, APRIL 27, 2020 Lunch (not included in package), en route.
    [Show full text]
  • State of the //ART// of the State
    State of the //ART// of the State A Political Economy of Assisted Reproduction in Palestine/Israel Sigrid Vertommen Dissertation submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Political and Social Sciences, option Political Sciences. Middle East and North Africa Research Group - Department of Conflict and Development Studies, Ghent University March 2017 Supervisor: Prof. dr. Sami Zemni Cover design by Aïlien Reyns TABLE OF CONTENTS Summary ................................................................................................................................................................................ v Samenvatting ..................................................................................................................................................................... vi List of Abbreviations ...................................................................................................................................................... vii List of Figures .................................................................................................................................................................... ix Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................................................... xi Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 State of the ART ............................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]