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Recent Evolution of Poverty
Report No. 19385-AM ImprovingSocial Assistancein Armenia Public Disclosure Authorized June8,1999 Human Development Unit Country Department III Europe and Central Asia Region Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Document of the World Bank ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ACBA Agriculture Credit Bank of Armenia ASIF Armenia Social Investment Fund BBP Basic Benefit Package CAS Country Assistance Strategy CIS Commonwealth of Independent States ECHO European Community Humanitarian Office FAR Fund for Armenian Relief FBS Family Budget Survey FSU Former Soviet Union GDP Gross Domestic Product GOA Government of Armenia HAC Humanitarian Assistance Commission HACC Humanitarian Aid Coordination Commission HBS Household Budget Survey HES Health and Education Survey IDA International Development Association IMF International Monetary Fund JMP Jinishian Memorial Program MA Mission Armenia NGO Non-governmental Organization(s) OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development PAYG Pay-As-You-Go SDS Armenian State Department of Statistics SSC Social Services Center UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund USAID United States Agency for International Development VAT Value Added Tax WFP World Food Program YICRD Yerevan Institute of Computer Research and Development YSU Yerevan State University Vice President Johannes Linn, ECAVP Country Director Judy O'Connor, ECCO3 Sector Manager Michal Rutkowski, ]ECSHD Task Team Leader Alexandre Marc, ECSHD ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The preparation of the report was managed by Alexandre Marc (Sr. Human Resources Specialist). Margaret Grosh (Sr. Economist) was responsible for the research work on targeting which she carried out in collaboration with Elena Glinskaya (Consultant), and was the main author of the chapter on targeting of social assistance. -
Contested Publics : Situating Civil Society in a Post-- Authoritarian Era : the Case Study of Tunisia, 2011–2013
Fortier, Edwige Aimee (2016) Contested publics : situating civil society in a post-- authoritarian era : the case study of Tunisia, 2011–2013. PhD Thesis. SOAS, University of London http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/23642 Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non‐commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this thesis, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", name of the School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination. Contested Publics: Situating Civil Society in a Post-Authoritarian Era The Case Study of Tunisia 2011–2013 Edwige Aimee Fortier Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD in Development Studies 2016 Department of Development Studies Faculty of Law and Social Sciences School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London Page | 1 Abstract Periods of sociopolitical transition from authoritarian rule offer renewed expectations for more representative and accountable state institutions, for enhanced pluralism and public participation, and for opportunities for marginalised groups to emerge from the periphery. Several thousand new civil society organisations were legally established in Tunisia following the 2010–2011 uprising that forced a long-serving dictator from office. -
M. Kemal Atatürk's Homesickness for Thessaloniki, His City of Birth
ISSN 1712-8358[Print] Cross-Cultural Communication ISSN 1923-6700[Online] Vol. 12, No. 9, 2016, pp. 1-9 www.cscanada.net DOI:10.3968/8785 www.cscanada.org M. Kemal Atatürk’s Homesickness for Thessaloniki, His City of Birth Sinan Çaya[a],* [a]Ph.D., Boğaziçi University, Institute of Environmental Sciences, always been prone to hero-worshipping ever since the era Istanbul, Turkey. of successive glorious sultans) invariably consider him *Corresponding author. supra-human! Received 14 June 2016; accepted 19 August 2016 [At the end of the First World War, The Mudros] Published online 26 September 2016 armistice obligated the Ottoman military to demobilize its combat units quickly, the actual demobilization Abstract proceeded slowly and came to a full stop with the start of As Atatürk, the founder of Modern Turkey, grew older; a new war—this time to save what was remained of the he more and more missed his home-city Salonika and its empire in 1919-1921—against Greek, French, Italian, and surroundings. The loss of his home-city during the Balkan Armenian forces. Wars further aggravated his passionate nostalgia. Some of A new generation of combat-tested battlefield his behavior patterns as narrated in history, reveal us his commanders, under the supreme leadership of Mustafa homesickness openly. On various occasions; the meals, Kemal Pasha, found a willing audience within the ranks the accent, and the entire culture of his region with its of the postwar Ottoman military. Most of the surviving songs and ballads; always moved the spirit in him, deeply. Ottoman officers (including reserves and retirees), as well Despite his deliberate emphasis of his logic most of the as the conscripts, were drawn to the nationalist cause (Uyar time, in reality, he was a man full of tender feelings. -
The Forgotten Fronts the First World War Battlefield Guide: World War Battlefield First the the Forgotten Fronts Forgotten The
Ed 1 Nov 2016 1 Nov Ed The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The Forgotten Fronts The First Battlefield War World Guide: The Forgotten Fronts Creative Media Design ADR005472 Edition 1 November 2016 THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | i The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The British Army Campaign Guide to the Forgotten Fronts of the First World War 1st Edition November 2016 Acknowledgement The publisher wishes to acknowledge the assistance of the following organisations in providing text, images, multimedia links and sketch maps for this volume: Defence Geographic Centre, Imperial War Museum, Army Historical Branch, Air Historical Branch, Army Records Society,National Portrait Gallery, Tank Museum, National Army Museum, Royal Green Jackets Museum,Shepard Trust, Royal Australian Navy, Australian Defence, Royal Artillery Historical Trust, National Archive, Canadian War Museum, National Archives of Canada, The Times, RAF Museum, Wikimedia Commons, USAF, US Library of Congress. The Cover Images Front Cover: (1) Wounded soldier of the 10th Battalion, Black Watch being carried out of a communication trench on the ‘Birdcage’ Line near Salonika, February 1916 © IWM; (2) The advance through Palestine and the Battle of Megiddo: A sergeant directs orders whilst standing on one of the wooden saddles of the Camel Transport Corps © IWM (3) Soldiers of the Royal Army Service Corps outside a Field Ambulance Station. © IWM Inside Front Cover: Helles Memorial, Gallipoli © Barbara Taylor Back Cover: ‘Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red’ at the Tower of London © Julia Gavin ii | THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | iii ISBN: 978-1-874346-46-3 First published in November 2016 by Creative Media Designs, Army Headquarters, Andover. -
THE ARMENIAN Ctator Volume LXXXVIII, NO
MARCH 3, 2018 Mirror-SpeTHE ARMENIAN ctator Volume LXXXVIII, NO. 32, Issue 4527 $ 2.00 NEWS The First English Language Armenian Weekly in the United States Since 1932 INBRIEF (AP PHOTO) Azerbaijan Distorts Killing Orders Lays Bare Reality over Khojaly Orders for Armenian YEREVAN (Armenpress) — Twenty two Members of the European Parliament MEPs representing the Annihilation by Turkish Club of Azerbaijan`s Friends in the European Government Parliament have signed a declaration where noth- ing is mentioned about “genocide,” or Armenians or Armenia. A day before the Azerbaijani mass media spread information that allegedly the By Alin K. Gregorian European parliament has adopted a declaration Mirror-Spectator Staff over the “Khojaly events.” Earlier, in a meeting with Azerbaijanis in the Georgian city Marneuli, President of Georgia Giorgi Margvelashvili did not WORCESTER — Prof. Taner Akçam has yield to the provocation of one of the participant been at the forefront of finding evidence young men, who asked the President to honor the confirming the Armenian Genocide and the memory of the victims of the so-called “Khojaly role of the Ottoman central government in events” with a minute of silence. Azerbaijani media the murders for decades. His latest book, outlets note that the ceremony of the one-minute Killing Orders: Talat Pasha’s Telegrams and silence did not take place, instead Margvelashvili the Armenian Genocide, is the latest volley noted that he follows Nagorno Karabakh conflict he has launched to bring down the curtain People pray next to the closed doors of the Holy Sepluchre Church on February 25 settlement process. “Georgia is against the escala- of denial of the tion of Nagorno Karabakh conflict,” he said. -
1 the Turks and Europe by Gaston Gaillard London: Thomas Murby & Co
THE TURKS AND EUROPE BY GASTON GAILLARD LONDON: THOMAS MURBY & CO. 1 FLEET LANE, E.C. 1921 1 vi CONTENTS PAGES VI. THE TREATY WITH TURKEY: Mustafa Kemal’s Protest—Protests of Ahmed Riza and Galib Kemaly— Protest of the Indian Caliphate Delegation—Survey of the Treaty—The Turkish Press and the Treaty—Jafar Tayar at Adrianople—Operations of the Government Forces against the Nationalists—French Armistice in Cilicia—Mustafa Kemal’s Operations—Greek Operations in Asia Minor— The Ottoman Delegation’s Observations at the Peace Conference—The Allies’ Answer—Greek Operations in Thrace—The Ottoman Government decides to sign the Treaty—Italo-Greek Incident, and Protests of Armenia, Yugo-Slavia, and King Hussein—Signature of the Treaty – 169—271 VII. THE DISMEMBERMENT OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE: 1. The Turco-Armenian Question - 274—304 2. The Pan-Turanian and Pan-Arabian Movements: Origin of Pan-Turanism—The Turks and the Arabs—The Hejaz—The Emir Feisal—The Question of Syria—French Operations in Syria— Restoration of Greater Lebanon—The Arabian World and the Caliphate—The Part played by Islam - 304—356 VIII. THE MOSLEMS OF THE FORMER RUSSIAN EMPIRE AND TURKEY: The Republic of Northern Caucasus—Georgia and Azerbaïjan—The Bolshevists in the Republics of Caucasus and of the Transcaspian Isthmus—Armenians and Moslems - 357—369 IX. TURKEY AND THE SLAVS: Slavs versus Turks—Constantinople and Russia - 370—408 2 THE TURKS AND EUROPE I THE TURKS The peoples who speak the various Turkish dialects and who bear the generic name of Turcomans, or Turco-Tatars, are distributed over huge territories occupying nearly half of Asia and an important part of Eastern Europe. -
Agriculture and Food Processing in Armenia
SAMVEL AVETISYAN AGRICULTURE AND FOOD PROCESSING IN ARMENIA YEREVAN 2010 Dedicated to the memory of the author’s son, Sergey Avetisyan Approved for publication by the Scientifi c and Technical Council of the RA Ministry of Agriculture Peer Reviewers: Doctor of Economics, Prof. Ashot Bayadyan Candidate Doctor of Economics, Docent Sergey Meloyan Technical Editor: Doctor of Economics Hrachya Tspnetsyan Samvel S. Avetisyan Agriculture and Food Processing in Armenia – Limush Publishing House, Yerevan 2010 - 138 pages Photos courtesy CARD, Zaven Khachikyan, Hambardzum Hovhannisyan This book presents the current state and development opportunities of the Armenian agriculture. Special importance has been attached to the potential of agriculture, the agricultural reform process, accomplishments and problems. The author brings up particular facts in combination with historic data. Brief information is offered on leading agricultural and processing enterprises. The book can be a useful source for people interested in the agrarian sector of Armenia, specialists, and students. Publication of this book is made possible by the generous fi nancial support of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and assistance of the “Center for Agribusiness and Rural Development” Foundation. The contents do not necessarily represent the views of USDA, the U.S. Government or “Center for Agribusiness and Rural Development” Foundation. INTRODUCTION Food and Agriculture sector is one of the most important industries in Armenia’s economy. The role of the agrarian sector has been critical from the perspectives of the country’s economic development, food safety, and overcoming rural poverty. It is remarkable that still prior to the collapse of the Soviet Union, Armenia made unprecedented steps towards agrarian reforms. -
Sabiha Gökçen's 80-Year-Old Secret‖: Kemalist Nation
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO ―Sabiha Gökçen‘s 80-Year-Old Secret‖: Kemalist Nation Formation and the Ottoman Armenians A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Communication by Fatma Ulgen Committee in charge: Professor Robert Horwitz, Chair Professor Ivan Evans Professor Gary Fields Professor Daniel Hallin Professor Hasan Kayalı Copyright Fatma Ulgen, 2010 All rights reserved. The dissertation of Fatma Ulgen is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Chair University of California, San Diego 2010 iii DEDICATION For my mother and father, without whom there would be no life, no love, no light, and for Hrant Dink (15 September 1954 - 19 January 2007 iv EPIGRAPH ―In the summertime, we would go on the roof…Sit there and look at the stars…You could reach the stars there…Over here, you can‘t.‖ Haydanus Peterson, a survivor of the Armenian Genocide, reminiscing about the old country [Moush, Turkey] in Fresno, California 72 years later. Courtesy of the Zoryan Institute Oral History Archive v TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page…………………………………………………………….... -
Yerevan Green City Action Plan
DRAFT (3 July 2017) Yerevan Green City Action Plan Yerevan 2017 OFFICIAL USE Yerevan’s Green City Action Plan Disclaimer This Green City Action Plan was prepared for the City of Yerevan by an international team of experts led by Ernst & Young, s.r.o. (Czech Republic). Other members of the consortium included GEOtest, SWECO, SEVEn and local experts. The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), the Czech Government's Official Development Assistance Technical Cooperation Fund or the City of Yerevan do not carry any responsibility for the selection, involvement and monitoring of Ernst & Young and / or any third party claims towards EBRD for utilizing services provided by Ernst & Young. 1 OFFICIAL USE Executive Summary In the light of continuous global urbanization, sustainable development challenges increasingly stem from cities. Yerevan is fully aware of these challenges, as the administrative as well as economic centre of Armenia, the overall economic prosperity of the country is substantially anchored on Yerevan’s economic development The quality of the urban environment, including air, water, soil, biodiversity, environmental assets and ecosystems are negatively impacted by human activities such as transport, energy, water use and waste management. In the recent years, many measures have already been taken to remedy the situation, but the measures should be doubled in the coming years to raise the quality of life in the City to standards seen in many European cities. These efforts will also help Yerevan contribute to global efforts in climate change mitigation and the transition to green economy. Methodology The Green City Action Plan (GCAP) was developed by applying 4 stage methodology, which is as follows: Stage 1 focused on relevant information and data identification, collection, processing and analysis to establish the baseline indicators, which rank the city compared to internationally recognized benchmarks. -
5195E05d4.Pdf
ILGA-Europe in brief ILGA-Europe is the European Region of the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans & Intersex Association. ILGA-Europe works for equality and human rights for lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans & intersex (LGBTI) people at European level. ILGA-Europe is an international non-governmental umbrella organisation bringing together 408 organisations from 45 out of 49 European countries. ILGA-Europe was established as a separate region of ILGA and an independent legal entity in 1996. ILGA was established in 1978. ILGA-Europe advocates for human rights and equality for LGBTI people at European level organisations such as the European Union (EU), the Council of Europe (CoE) and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). ILGA-Europe strengthens the European LGBTI movement by providing trainings and support to its member organisations and other LGBTI groups on advocacy, fundraising, organisational development and communications. ILGA-Europe has its office in Brussels and employs 12 people. Since 1997 ILGA-Europe enjoys participative status at the Council of Europe. Since 2001 ILGA-Europe receives its largest funding from the European Commission. Since 2006 ILGA-Europe enjoys consultative status at the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations (ECOSOC) and advocates for equality and human rights of LGBTI people also at the UN level. ILGA-Europe Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex People in Europe 2013 This Review covers the period of January -
The University of Chicago Smuggler States: Poland, Latvia, Estonia, and Contraband Trade Across the Soviet Frontier, 1919-1924
THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO SMUGGLER STATES: POLAND, LATVIA, ESTONIA, AND CONTRABAND TRADE ACROSS THE SOVIET FRONTIER, 1919-1924 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BY ANDREY ALEXANDER SHLYAKHTER CHICAGO, ILLINOIS DECEMBER 2020 Илюше Abstract Smuggler States: Poland, Latvia, Estonia, and Contraband Trade Across the Soviet Frontier, 1919-1924 What happens to an imperial economy after empire? How do economics, security, power, and ideology interact at the new state frontiers? Does trade always break down ideological barriers? The eastern borders of Poland, Latvia, and Estonia comprised much of the interwar Soviet state’s western frontier – the focus of Moscow’s revolutionary aspirations and security concerns. These young nations paid for their independence with the loss of the Imperial Russian market. Łódź, the “Polish Manchester,” had fashioned its textiles for Russian and Ukrainian consumers; Riga had been the Empire’s busiest commercial port; Tallinn had been one of the busiest – and Russians drank nine-tenths of the potato vodka distilled on Estonian estates. Eager to reclaim their traditional market, but stymied by the Soviet state monopoly on foreign trade and impatient with the slow grind of trade talks, these countries’ businessmen turned to the porous Soviet frontier. The dissertation reveals how, despite considerable misgivings, their governments actively abetted this traffic. The Polish and Baltic struggles to balance the heady profits of the “border trade” against a host of security concerns shaped everyday lives and government decisions on both sides of the Soviet frontier. -
The Caucasus Globalization
Volume 3 Issue 4 2009 1 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION INSTITUTE O STRATEGIC STUDIES O THE CAUCASUS THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies Volume 3 Issue 4 2009 CA&CC Press® SWEDEN 2 Volume 3 Issue 4 2009 OUNDEDTHE CAUCASUS AND& GLOBALIZATION PUBLISHED BY INSTITUTE O STRATEGIC STUDIES O THE CAUCASUS Registration number: M-770 Ministry of Justice of Azerbaijan Republic PUBLISHING HOUSE CA&CC Press® Sweden Registration number: 556699-5964 Registration number of the journal: 1218 Editorial Council Eldar Chairman of the Editorial Council (Baku) ISMAILOV Tel/fax: (994 12) 497 12 22 E-mail: [email protected] Kenan Executive Secretary (Baku) ALLAHVERDIEV Tel: (994 – 12) 596 11 73 E-mail: [email protected] Azer represents the journal in Russia (Moscow) SAFAROV Tel: (7 495) 937 77 27 E-mail: [email protected] Nodar represents the journal in Georgia (Tbilisi) KHADURI Tel: (995 32) 99 59 67 E-mail: [email protected] Ayca represents the journal in Turkey (Ankara) ERGUN Tel: (+90 312) 210 59 96 E-mail: [email protected] Editorial Board Nazim Editor-in-Chief (Azerbaijan) MUZAFFARLI Tel: (994 – 12) 499 11 74 E-mail: [email protected] (IMANOV) Vladimer Deputy Editor-in-Chief (Georgia) PAPAVA Tel: (995 – 32) 24 35 55 E-mail: [email protected] Akif Deputy Editor-in-Chief (Azerbaijan) ABDULLAEV Tel: (994 – 12) 596 11 73 E-mail: [email protected] Volume 3 IssueMembers 4 2009 of Editorial Board: 3 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION Zaza Doctor of History, professor, Corresponding member of the Georgian National Academy ALEKSIDZE of Sciences, head of the scientific department of the Korneli Kekelidze Institute of Manuscripts (Georgia) Mustafa Professor, Ankara University (Turkey) AYDIN Irina D.Sc.