The Caucasus Globalization
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The Public Defender of Georgia
200 6 The Public Defender of Georgia Report of the Public Defender of Georgia 1 Human Rights in Georgia Report of the Public Defender of Georgia 2006Second half of TBILISI 2007 THE REPORT WAS PUBLISHED WITH THE FINANCIAL SUPPORT OF GOVERNMENT OF NORWAY AND UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM (UNDP) Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 9 2. THE RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIAL 11 3. THE PROSECUTORS OFFICE 24 4. THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS 41 5. FISCAL POLICE 55 6. HUMAN RIGHTS IN ARMED FORCES 57 7. ALTERNATIVE LABOUR SERVICE 60 8. ALTERNATIVE LABOUR SERVICE IN THE RESERVE 64 9. HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE PENITENTIARY SYSTEM 65 10. DEATH RATE WITHIN THE PENITENTIARY SYSTEM AND CAUSATIVE FACTORS 82 11. ENFORCEMENT OF COURT JUDGEMENTS 87 12. ENFORCEMENT OF JUDGEMENTS OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS 94 13. INFRINGEMENT OF THE RIGHT OF OWNERSHIP 97 14. PROTECTION OF THE ELDERLY, AND PENSIONS 118 15. REPORT ON THE VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE CONFLICT ZONES 130 16. INCIDENTS OF HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN ABKHAZIA 132 17. INSTANCES OF HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATION IN TSKHINVALI REGION 142 18. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF THE INTERNALLY DISPLACED 148 19. THE PROTECTION OF RIGHTS OF REFUGEES 167 20. REPATRIATION ISSUES RELATED TO THE EXILE OF THE POPULATION FROM THE SOUTH OF GEORGIA BY THE SOVIET REGIME IN THE 1940S 173 21. DISCRIMINATION OF ETHNIC GEORGIANS BY THE RUSSIAN AUTHORITIES 177 22. ASSISTANCE BY THE GEORGIAN AUTHORITIES TO THE DEPORTED PERSONS FROM THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION 183 23. GEORGIAN CITIZEN PRISONERS AT THE DETENTION FACILITIES ABROAD 190 24. FREEDOM OF ASSEMBLY AND MANIFESTATION 191 25. -
Ser Oliver Uordropi 150
saqarTvelos parlamentis erovnuli biblioTeka saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi ser oliver uordropi 150 Tbilisi 2015 1 UDC (uak) 001 (410)(092) 008.1 (479.22.410) wigni Seadgina, SeniSvnebi da komentarebi daurTo, redaqtireba gaukeTa, inglisuri teqsti qarTul Targmans Seudara istoriis doqtorma: beqa kobaxiZem teqsti inglisuridan qarTul enaze Targmna: salome beniZem qarTuli Targmanis stilisturi redaqtireba diana anfimiadisa wina ydaze gamosaxulia saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa ministri - evgeni gegeWkori da didi britaneTis umaRlesi komisari - ser oliver uordropi tfilisSi 1919 wlis 30 agvistos mowyobil daxvedraze. foto daculia saqarTvelos erovnul arqivSi. On the front cover there are illustrated Minister of Foreign Affairs of Georgia – Evgeni Gegechkori and British High Commissioner in Transcaucasia – Sir Oliver Wardrop at the arrival meeting of Wardrop in Tiflis on 30th of August 1919. The photograph is preserved in the National Archives of Georgia. ukana ydaze gamosaxulia ser oliver uordropi - misi udidebulesobis generaluri konsuli strasburgSi. 1925 weli. foto hilari grandis uordropebis ojaxis albomidan. On the back cover there is illustrated Sir Oliver Wardrop – His Majesty’s Consul-General in Strasbourg. 1925. Photograph from Wardrops family album of Hilary Grundy. © saqarTvelos parlamentis erovnuli biblioTeka © saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi Sps “irida” rusTavi, firosmanis q.#7 ISBN 978-9941-0-8216-0 2 sarCevi: redaqtoris winasityvaoba ...............................................................................................4 “ser oliver uordropi: -
From Imperial Province to Parliamentary Republic (February 1917-May 1918)
A-PDFAlways Split DEMO topical : Purchase from www.A-PDF.com to remove the watermark Rahman MUSTAFAYEV Doctor of History From Imperial Province to Parliamentary Republic (February 1917-May 1918) DUriNG THE last Years THE HistorY of OUR INdepeNdeNT First RepUBlic – THE DEMocratic RepUBlic of AZerBaiJAN (DRA) BecaME A SUBJect of atteNtioN of HistoriaNS AND political scieNtists, Not ONLY froM OUR coUNtrY BUT also BEYOND its Borders. ith regards to this, it should ideological bias, to research into the and succession, is considered as dif- be noted that the con- history of our country in general and ferent stages of a complicated and Wtribution to the work of of the DRA in particular. The signifi- contradictory, but at the same time comprehensive study of the DRA cance of this order is not limited only unified, evolution of the Azerbaijani heritage of the President of the Re- to providing access for scientists to statehood which appeared in the 9th public of Azerbaijan and national unpublished material and allowing century BC. The next display of inter- leader Heydar Aliyev is important the classification of already known est in and respectful treatment of from a scientific and political point archive documents. This order also the history of the DRA is the law On of view. The order on the Celebration has important political significance. the 90th Anniversary of the Democratic of 80 Years of the Democratic Republic For the first time the history of the Republic of Azerbaijan by the current of Azerbaijan, signed by him on 30 First (1918-1920), Second (1920- President of the Democratic Repub- January 1998, became an important 1991) and current, Third (from 1991) lic of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, from step on the road to a truly scientific Republics of Azerbaijan, with their 15 February 2008. -
The Election Process of the Regional Representatives to the Parliament of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan
№ 20 ♦ УДК 342 DOI https://doi.org/10.32782/2663-6170/2020.20.7 THE ELECTION PROCESS OF THE REGIONAL REPRESENTATIVES TO THE PARLIAMENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN ВИБОРЧИЙ ПРОЦЕС РЕГІОНАЛЬНИХ ПРЕДСТАВНИКІВ У ПАРЛАМЕНТ АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНСЬКОЇ ДЕМОКРАТИЧНОЇ РЕСПУБЛІКИ Malikli Nurlana, PhD Student of the Lankaran State University The mine goal of this article is to investigate the history of the creation of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan par- liament, laws on parliamentary elections, and the regional election process in parliament. In addition, an analysis of the law on elections to the Azerbaijan Assembly of Enterprises. The article covers the periods of 1918–1920. The presented article analyzes historical processes, carefully studied and studied the process of elections of regional representatives to the Parliament of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan. Realities are reflected in an objective approach. A comparative historical study of the election of regional representatives was carried out in the context of the creation of the parliament of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan and the holding of parliamentary elections. The scientific novelty of the article is to summarize the actions of the parliament of the first democratic republic of the Muslim East. Here, attention is drawn to the fact that before the formation of the parliament, the National Assembly, in which the highest executive power, trans- ferred its powers to the legislative body and announced the termination of its activities. It is noted that the Declaration of Independence of Azerbaijan made the Republic of Azerbaijan a democratic state. It is from this point of view that attention is drawn to the fact that the government of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic had to complete the formation of institutions capable of creating a solid legislative base in a short time. -
History of Azerbaijan (Textbook)
DILGAM ISMAILOV HISTORY OF AZERBAIJAN (TEXTBOOK) Azerbaijan Architecture and Construction University Methodological Council of the meeting dated July 7, 2017, was published at the direction of № 6 BAKU - 2017 Dilgam Yunis Ismailov. History of Azerbaijan, AzMİU NPM, Baku, 2017, p.p.352 Referents: Anar Jamal Iskenderov Konul Ramiq Aliyeva All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means. Electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner. In Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Construction, the book “History of Azerbaijan” is written on the basis of a syllabus covering all topics of the subject. Author paid special attention to the current events when analyzing the different periods of Azerbaijan. This book can be used by other high schools that also teach “History of Azerbaijan” in English to bachelor students, master students, teachers, as well as to the independent learners of our country’s history. 2 © Dilgam Ismailov, 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword…………………………………….……… 9 I Theme. Introduction to the history of Azerbaijan 10 II Theme: The Primitive Society in Azerbaijan…. 18 1.The Initial Residential Dwellings……….............… 18 2.The Stone Age in Azerbaijan……………………… 19 3.The Copper, Bronze and Iron Ages in Azerbaijan… 23 4.The Collapse of the Primitive Communal System in Azerbaijan………………………………………….... 28 III Theme: The Ancient and Early States in Azer- baijan. The Atropatena and Albanian Kingdoms.. 30 1.The First Tribal Alliances and Initial Public Institutions in Azerbaijan……………………………. 30 2.The Kingdom of Manna…………………………… 34 3.The Atropatena and Albanian Kingdoms…………. -
Wikivoyage Georgia.Pdf
WikiVoyage Georgia March 2016 Contents 1 Georgia (country) 1 1.1 Regions ................................................ 1 1.2 Cities ................................................. 1 1.3 Other destinations ........................................... 1 1.4 Understand .............................................. 2 1.4.1 People ............................................. 3 1.5 Get in ................................................. 3 1.5.1 Visas ............................................. 3 1.5.2 By plane ............................................ 4 1.5.3 By bus ............................................. 4 1.5.4 By minibus .......................................... 4 1.5.5 By car ............................................. 4 1.5.6 By train ............................................ 5 1.5.7 By boat ............................................ 5 1.6 Get around ............................................... 5 1.6.1 Taxi .............................................. 5 1.6.2 Minibus ............................................ 5 1.6.3 By train ............................................ 5 1.6.4 By bike ............................................ 5 1.6.5 City Bus ............................................ 5 1.6.6 Mountain Travel ....................................... 6 1.7 Talk .................................................. 6 1.8 See ................................................... 6 1.9 Do ................................................... 7 1.10 Buy .................................................. 7 1.10.1 -
The University of Chicago Smuggler States: Poland, Latvia, Estonia, and Contraband Trade Across the Soviet Frontier, 1919-1924
THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO SMUGGLER STATES: POLAND, LATVIA, ESTONIA, AND CONTRABAND TRADE ACROSS THE SOVIET FRONTIER, 1919-1924 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BY ANDREY ALEXANDER SHLYAKHTER CHICAGO, ILLINOIS DECEMBER 2020 Илюше Abstract Smuggler States: Poland, Latvia, Estonia, and Contraband Trade Across the Soviet Frontier, 1919-1924 What happens to an imperial economy after empire? How do economics, security, power, and ideology interact at the new state frontiers? Does trade always break down ideological barriers? The eastern borders of Poland, Latvia, and Estonia comprised much of the interwar Soviet state’s western frontier – the focus of Moscow’s revolutionary aspirations and security concerns. These young nations paid for their independence with the loss of the Imperial Russian market. Łódź, the “Polish Manchester,” had fashioned its textiles for Russian and Ukrainian consumers; Riga had been the Empire’s busiest commercial port; Tallinn had been one of the busiest – and Russians drank nine-tenths of the potato vodka distilled on Estonian estates. Eager to reclaim their traditional market, but stymied by the Soviet state monopoly on foreign trade and impatient with the slow grind of trade talks, these countries’ businessmen turned to the porous Soviet frontier. The dissertation reveals how, despite considerable misgivings, their governments actively abetted this traffic. The Polish and Baltic struggles to balance the heady profits of the “border trade” against a host of security concerns shaped everyday lives and government decisions on both sides of the Soviet frontier. -
ISRAELI-AZERBAIJANI ALLIANCE and IRAN by Mahir Khalifa-Zadeh*
ISRAELI-AZERBAIJANI ALLIANCE AND IRAN By Mahir Khalifa-zadeh* This article discusses cooperation between Israel and the Republic of Azerbaijan in order to neutralize foreign threats and ensure regional security. Expanding and improving ties with Azerbaijan has been part of Israel's newly adopted strategy toward non-Arab Muslim states. Also addressed is Iran's attitude towards Azerbaijan and the political and ideological opposition between the two mainly Shi'a-populated countries. Highlighted is the cooperation's strategic importance for improving security and defense capabilities for both Israel and Azerbaijan. Last, U.S. priorities in the South Caucasus are viewed in the context of the Israeli-Azerbaijani alliance. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Even earlier, in 1883, oil companies owned by the Rothschild family (of Jewish origin) Historic sources and research confirm that entered the scene in Baku, followed by Jews of both Persian (also known as Rockefeller’s gigantic Standard Oil Caucasian Mountain Jews) as well as Company.5 Thus, the Jews lived in peace Ashkenazi origin have lived in Azerbaijan and friendship with local Azeris and had for centuries.1 The presence of Persian Jews successful businesses in the country. in Azerbaijan can be traced back over 2,000 During the period of the Azerbaijan years, to even before the fifth century. Democratic Republic (ADR, 1918-1920)-- Historically, Azerbaijan has been very which formulated key ideological, political, welcoming toward the Jews. During the and security priorities for independent periods of both the Russian and Soviet Azerbaijan--the Jewish Popular University empires Azerbaijan had no antisemitic was established (1919) and Yiddish- and traditions. -
Causes of War Prospects for Peace
Georgian Orthodox Church Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung CAUSES OF WAR PROS P E C TS FOR PEA C E Tbilisi, 2009 1 On December 2-3, 2008 the Holy Synod of the Georgian Orthodox Church and the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung held a scientific conference on the theme: Causes of War - Prospects for Peace. The main purpose of the conference was to show the essence of the existing conflicts in Georgia and to prepare objective scientific and information basis. This book is a collection of conference reports and discussion materials that on the request of the editorial board has been presented in article format. Publishers: Metropolitan Ananya Japaridze Katia Christina Plate Bidzina Lebanidze Nato Asatiani Editorial board: Archimandrite Adam (Akhaladze), Tamaz Beradze, Rozeta Gujejiani, Roland Topchishvili, Mariam Lordkipanidze, Lela Margiani, Tariel Putkaradze, Bezhan Khorava Reviewers: Zurab Tvalchrelidze Revaz Sherozia Giorgi Cheishvili Otar Janelidze Editorial board wishes to acknowledge the assistance of Irina Bibileishvili, Merab Gvazava, Nia Gogokhia, Ekaterine Dadiani, Zviad Kvilitaia, Giorgi Cheishvili, Kakhaber Tsulaia. ISBN 2345632456 Printed by CGS ltd 2 Preface by His Holiness and Beatitude Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia ILIA II; Opening Words to the Conference 5 Preface by Katja Christina Plate, Head of the Regional Office for Political Dialogue in the South Caucasus of the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung; Opening Words to the Conference 8 Abkhazia: Historical-Political and Ethnic Processes Tamaz Beradze, Konstantine Topuria, Bezhan Khorava - A -
A Historical-Geographic Review of Modern Abkhazia
A Historical-Geographic Review of Modern Abkhazia by T. Beradze, K. Topuria, B Khorava Abkhazia (Abkhazeti) – the farthest North-Western part of Georgia is situated between the rivers Psou and Inguri on the coast of the Black Sea. The formation of Abkhazia within the borders is the consequence of complicated ethno-political processes. Humans first settled on the territory of modern Abkhazia during the Paleolithic Era. Abkhazia is the place where Neolithic, Bronze and Early Iron Eras are represented at their best. The first Georgian state – the Kingdom of Egrisi (Kolkheti), formed in 15. to 14. century BC, existed till the 2.century BC. It used to include the entire South-Eastern and Eastern parts of the Black Sea littoral for ages. The territory of modern Abkhazia was also a part of the Egrisi Kingdom. Old Greek historical sources inform us that before the new millennium, the territory between the rivers Psou and Inguri was only populated with tribes of Georgian origin: the Kolkhs, Kols, Svan-Kolkhs, Geniokhs. The Kingdom of Old Egrisi fell at the end of the 2.century BC and was never restored till 2.century AD. Old Greeks, Byzantines and Romans called this state - Lazika, the same Lazeti, which was associated with the name of the ruling dynasty. In 3. and 4. centuries AD, entire Western Georgia, including the territory of present Abkhazia, was part of this state. Based on the data of Byzantine authors, the South-East coastline part of the territory – between rivers Kodori and Inguri - belonged to the Odishi Duchy. The source of the Kodori River was occupied by the Georgian tribe of Misimians that was directly subordinated to the King of Egrisi (Lazeti). -
BASEES Sampler 2
R O U T L E D G E . TAYLOR & FRANCIS Regimes and Societies in Conflict Eastern Europe and Russia since 1956 www.routledge.com/carees Contents 1. The gendered subject of postsocialism From: Gendering Postsocialism, edited by Yulia Gradskova and Ildikó Asztalos Morell 2. The March 1956 events in Georgia From: Georgia after Stalin, edited by Timothy K. Blauvelt and Jeremy Smith, foreword by Ronald Grigor Suny 3. Women’s experiences of repression in Czechoslovakia,1948–1968 From: Women's Experiences of Repression in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, by Kelly Hignett, Melanie Ilic, Dalia Leinarte and Corina Snitar 4. The Romanian Orthodox Church From: Eastern Christianity and Politics in the Twenty-First Century, edited by Lucian N. Leustean 5. A history of dissensus, consensus and illusions of a new era From: Art and Protest in Putin's Russia, by Lena Jonson 6. Introduction: What are truth- revelation procedures and why do they matter? From: Politicising the Communist Past, by Aleks Szczerbiak 7. Against the liberal consensus From: Ideology and Social Protests in Eastern Europe, by Veronika Stoyanova 20% Discount Available Enjoy a 20% discount across our entire range of Central Asian, Russian & East European Studies books. Simply add the discount code FGT07 at the checkout. Please note: This discount code cannot be combined with any other discount or offer and is only valid on print titles purchased directly from www.routledge.com. www.routledge.com/carees Copyright Taylor & Francis Group. Not for distribution. 1 The gendered subject of postsocialism State-socialist legacies, global challenges and (re)building of tradition Ildikó Asztalos Morell and Yulia Gradskova When the Berlin Wall fell in November 1989 and when, two years later, the Soviet Union crumbled and was divided into 15 independent states, the huge space formerly called the Communist Bloc or the countries of state socialism seemed to disappear forever, and an unprecedented process of change began. -
World Bank Document
SFG2732 Public Disclosure Authorized THE STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE ASSESSMENT OF THE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND TOURISM DEVELOPMENT STARTEGIES OF SAMTSKHE-JAVAKHETI AND MTSKETA-MTIANETI Public Disclosure Authorized Third Regional Development Project Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized December, 2016 Abbreviations GNTA Georgia National Tourism Administration EIA Environnemental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan RDS Regional Development Strategy RTDS Regional Tourism Development Strategy MDF Municipal Development Fund of Georgia MoA Ministry of Agriculture MoENRP Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Protection of Georgia MoCMP Ministry of Culture and Monument Protection MESD Ministry of Economic and Sustaineble Developmnet NACHP National Agency for Cultural Heritage Protection PIU Project Implementation Unit RDP Regional Development Project SECHSA Strategic Environmental, Cultural Heritage and Social Assessment WB World Bank Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 1 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 12 1.1 THIRD REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (RDP III) ..................................................... 12 1.2 REGIONAL AND SECTORAL CONTEXT: RDS AND RTDS FOR SAMTSKHE- JAVAKHETI AND MTSKHETA-MTIANETI REGIONS ..................................................................