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Volume 3 Issue 4 2009 1 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION INSTITUTE O STRATEGIC STUDIES O THE CAUCASUS THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies Volume 3 Issue 4 2009 CA&CC Press® SWEDEN 2 Volume 3 Issue 4 2009 OUNDEDTHE CAUCASUS AND& GLOBALIZATION PUBLISHED BY INSTITUTE O STRATEGIC STUDIES O THE CAUCASUS Registration number: M-770 Ministry of Justice of Azerbaijan Republic PUBLISHING HOUSE CA&CC Press® Sweden Registration number: 556699-5964 Registration number of the journal: 1218 Editorial Council Eldar Chairman of the Editorial Council (Baku) ISMAILOV Tel/fax: (994 12) 497 12 22 E-mail: [email protected] Kenan Executive Secretary (Baku) ALLAHVERDIEV Tel: (994 – 12) 596 11 73 E-mail: [email protected] Azer represents the journal in Russia (Moscow) SAFAROV Tel: (7 495) 937 77 27 E-mail: [email protected] Nodar represents the journal in Georgia (Tbilisi) KHADURI Tel: (995 32) 99 59 67 E-mail: [email protected] Ayca represents the journal in Turkey (Ankara) ERGUN Tel: (+90 312) 210 59 96 E-mail: [email protected] Editorial Board Nazim Editor-in-Chief (Azerbaijan) MUZAFFARLI Tel: (994 – 12) 499 11 74 E-mail: [email protected] (IMANOV) Vladimer Deputy Editor-in-Chief (Georgia) PAPAVA Tel: (995 – 32) 24 35 55 E-mail: [email protected] Akif Deputy Editor-in-Chief (Azerbaijan) ABDULLAEV Tel: (994 – 12) 596 11 73 E-mail: [email protected] Volume 3 IssueMembers 4 2009 of Editorial Board: 3 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION Zaza Doctor of History, professor, Corresponding member of the Georgian National Academy ALEKSIDZE of Sciences, head of the scientific department of the Korneli Kekelidze Institute of Manuscripts (Georgia) Mustafa Professor, Ankara University (Turkey) AYDIN Irina D.Sc. (History), Leading research associate of the Institute of Ethnology and BABICH Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia) Douglas Professor, Chair of Political Science Department, Providence College (U.S.A.) W. BLUM Svante Professor, Research Director, Central Asia-Caucasus Institute, Silk Road Studies E. CORNELL Program, Johns Hopkins University-SAIS (U.S.A.) Parvin D.Sc. (History), Professor, Baku State University (Azerbaijan) DARABADI Murad D.Sc. (Political Science), Editor-in-Chief, Central Asia and the Caucasus, Journal of ESENOV Social and Political Studies (Sweden) Jannatkhan Deputy Director of the Institute of Strategic Studies of the Caucasus, Deputy Editor-in-Chief EYVAZOV of Central Asia and the Caucasus, Journal of Social and Political Studies (Azerbaijan) Erkin Senior research fellow of the Institute of Strategic Studies of the Caucasus, Member GADIRLI of the International Caucasus-Caspian Commission (Azerbaijan) Rauf Ph.D., Leading research associate of the Institute of Strategic Studies of the GARAGOZOV Caucasus (Azerbaijan) ARCHIL Ph.D. (Geography), Senior fellow at the Georgian Foundation for Strategic and GEGESHIDZE International Studies (Georgia) Elmir Director of the Department of Geoculture of the Institute of Strategic Studies of the GULIYEV Caucasus (Azerbaijan) Stephen Professor, Russian and Eurasian Studies, Mount Holyoke College (U.S.A.) F. JONES Akira Ph.D., History of Central Asia & the Caucasus, Program Officer, The Sasakawa MATSUNAGA Peace Foundation (Japan) Roger Senior Research Fellow, Department of Politics and International Relations, University MCDERMOTT of Kent at Canterbury; Senior Research Fellow on Eurasian military affairs within the framework of the Eurasia Program of the Jamestown Foundation, Washington (U.K.) Roin Doctor of History, professor, academician of the Georgian National Academy of METREVELI Sciences, President of the National Committee of Georgian Historians, member of the Presidium of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences (Georgia) Fuad Ph.D. (Econ.), Counselor of the Chairman of the Board of Directors of the MURSHUDLI International Bank of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijan) Alexander Professor, President of Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies RONDELI (Georgia) Mehdi Professor, Tehran University, Director, Center for Russian Studies (Iran) SANAIE S. Frederick Professor, Chairman, Central Asia-Caucasus Institute, Johns Hopkins University-SAIS STARR (U.S.A.) James Professor, Director of the International and Regional Studies Program, Washington V. WERTSCH University in St. Louis (U.S.A.) Alla Doctor of History, professor, head of the Mediterranean-Black Sea Center, Institute of YAZKOVA Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia) Stanislav D.Sc. (Economy), Senior researcher, Institute of World Economy and International ZHUKOV Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia) The materials that appear in the journal do not necessarily reflect the Editorial Board and the Editors’ opinion Editorial Office: THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION © The Caucasus & Globalization, 2009 98 Alovsat Guliyev, AZ1009 © CA&CC Press®, 2009 Baku, Azerbaijan © Institute of Strategic Studies of WEB: www.ca-c.org the Caucasus, 2009 4 Volume 3 Issue 4 2009 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies Volume 3 Issue 4 2009 CONTENTS GEOPOLITICS THE WIDER BLACK SEA REGION: THE EYE OF THE EU’S NEXT POLITICAL STORM OR Tedo THE SHINING SEA OF STABILITY? JAPARIDZE 6 IRAN’S SECURITY INTERESTS AND GEOPOLITICAL ACTIVITY Jannatkhan IN CENTRAL EURASIA EYVAZOV 19 UKRAINE: POLITICS IN THE BLACK SEA-CASPIAN REGION AND Anton RELATIONS WITH THE CAUCASIAN STATES FINKO 30 ON THE LOGIC OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AUGUST (2008) CONFLICT Teimuraz IN GEORGIA BERIDZE 43 GEO-ECONOMICS THE DIFFICULTIES AND CONTRADICTIONS OF SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT Andrei IN RUSSIA BLINOV 50 ENERGY SECURITY AFTERMATH OF RUSSO-GEORGIAN WAR: IMPLICATIONS FOR Kornely THE CENTRAL CAUCASUS KAKACHIA 61 INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES AND Ramaz THEIR COORDINATION UNDER ABESADZE, ADVANCING GLOBALIZATION Vakhtang BURDULI 68 Volume 3 Issue 4 2009 5 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION MACROECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF GEORGIA’S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT USING A SOCIAL ACCOUNTING MATRIX Ekaterine (1999-2008) MEKANTSISHVILI 80 GEOCULTURE ETHNODEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES IN THE CAUCASUS: EMERGENCE OF EUROPEAN ETHNIC COMMUNITIES Sudaba (THE 19TH-EARLY 20TH CENTURIES) ZEYNALOVA 91 SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE GEORGIAN CRISIS Guram SVANIDZE 103 GEOHISTORY AZERBAIJAN AT THE CROSSROADS OF EPOCHS: THE FIRST ATTEMPT TO JOIN THE FREE WORLD Jamil (1917-1920) HASANLI 120 THE RUSSO-TURKISH CONFRONTATION Apollon IN THE CENTRAL CAUCASUS IN 1918-1921 SILAGADZE, Vakhtang GURULI 138 FROM THE HISTORY OF COOPERATION AMONG THE CAUCASIAN POLITICAL ÉMIGRÉS: Nikolai 1921-THE EARLY 1940S JAVAKHISHVILI 145 INDEX THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION Vol. 3, 2009 152 6 Volume 3 Issue 4 2009 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION GEOPOLITICS Tedo JAPARIDZE Ph.D. (Hist.), Ambassador, Alternate Director General, International Center for Black Sea Studies (ICBSS) (Athens, Greece). THE WIDER BLACK SEA REGION: THE EYE O THE EU’S NEXT POLITICAL STORM OR THE SHINING SEA O STABILITY? Abstract n a region as large and as complex as al security really means. Success will I the territory that surrounds the Black mean looking forward toward the future Sea—a region beset by the cross cur- and what unites them instead of backward rents of divisive geography and more di- toward the past and what divides them. visive historic conflict—the building of part- How will the European Union (the EU) with ner-country capacity and regional security its new initiatives—the Black Sea Syner- cooperation is a difficult proposition at gy (BSS) and the Eastern Partnership best. Yet much has already been done in (EaP)—and other Black Sea regional ac- the region to create the conditions for such tors be able to cooperate with each other cooperation to occur. Taking the next step in order to increase the prospects of that to create regional stability and security will area’s security and its sustainable devel- require the area’s nations to reassess the opment which happen to be (though not common threat they face and what nation- all regional actors agree with that notion) The views expressed in this article are the author’s own, and do not necessarily reflect those of the ICBSS or any other organization or government. Volume 3 Issue 4 2009 7 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION the two sides of one and the same coin: Europe, the prospects of their interaction, the regional stability. So what does fate about some strategies and synergies that have in store for the entire Black Sea re- intersect each other, about some images gion: to be the eye of the EU’s next polit- that, while clashing with each other, have ical storm or the shining sea and area of an impact on some political as well as stability? So in this text I would like to public opinions—as far as some experts share some of my personal thoughts with like to say, perceptions or misperceptions you and talk specifically and more broad- nourish or even re-shape in many ways ly about the wider Black Sea area and the existing reality. What We Are: A Region, a Strategic Space, a “Corridor” or an Area? At the outset, I would like to reflect briefly (as I did many times before1) that when trying to define an issue or a problem, it would be worthwhile to start by looking at what it is not, before trying to describe what I believe it is. And in this connection, it seems to me that even these geographic, geopolitical or geo-economic methodological notions may matter for the prospects of the EU-wider Black Sea area relationship and still be an appropriate subject for our polemical analyses. Neither the wider Black Sea area nor the BSEC (as its institutional configuration) is an alter- native to the EU, even though, for example, one of the main goals of the BSEC, in common with the EU, is to boost economic cooperation within a defined geographical area. I see the EU and the Black Sea area in general and specifically the BSEC in terms of a solar system in the making; the Sun in this case is clear, but the exact orbits of some of the surrounding planets are still in a state of flux. Nor is the BSEC an economic competitor and would be in the foreseeable future; if anything, it should be seen as a complementary economic partner and resource.
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  • World Bank Document

    World Bank Document

    SFG2732 Public Disclosure Authorized THE STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE ASSESSMENT OF THE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND TOURISM DEVELOPMENT STARTEGIES OF SAMTSKHE-JAVAKHETI AND MTSKETA-MTIANETI Public Disclosure Authorized Third Regional Development Project Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized December, 2016 Abbreviations GNTA Georgia National Tourism Administration EIA Environnemental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan RDS Regional Development Strategy RTDS Regional Tourism Development Strategy MDF Municipal Development Fund of Georgia MoA Ministry of Agriculture MoENRP Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Protection of Georgia MoCMP Ministry of Culture and Monument Protection MESD Ministry of Economic and Sustaineble Developmnet NACHP National Agency for Cultural Heritage Protection PIU Project Implementation Unit RDP Regional Development Project SECHSA Strategic Environmental, Cultural Heritage and Social Assessment WB World Bank Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 1 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 12 1.1 THIRD REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (RDP III) ..................................................... 12 1.2 REGIONAL AND SECTORAL CONTEXT: RDS AND RTDS FOR SAMTSKHE- JAVAKHETI AND MTSKHETA-MTIANETI REGIONS ..................................................................