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Yerevan Green City Action Plan

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Yerevan Green City Action Plan DRAFT (3 July 2017) Yerevan Green City Action Plan Yerevan 2017 OFFICIAL USE Yerevan’s Green City Action Plan Disclaimer This Green City Action Plan was prepared for the City of Yerevan by an international team of experts led by Ernst & Young, s.r.o. (Czech Republic). Other members of the consortium included GEOtest, SWECO, SEVEn and local experts. The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), the Czech Government's Official Development Assistance Technical Cooperation Fund or the City of Yerevan do not carry any responsibility for the selection, involvement and monitoring of Ernst & Young and / or any third party claims towards EBRD for utilizing services provided by Ernst & Young. 1 OFFICIAL USE Executive Summary In the light of continuous global urbanization, sustainable development challenges increasingly stem from cities. Yerevan is fully aware of these challenges, as the administrative as well as economic centre of Armenia, the overall economic prosperity of the country is substantially anchored on Yerevan’s economic development The quality of the urban environment, including air, water, soil, biodiversity, environmental assets and ecosystems are negatively impacted by human activities such as transport, energy, water use and waste management. In the recent years, many measures have already been taken to remedy the situation, but the measures should be doubled in the coming years to raise the quality of life in the City to standards seen in many European cities. These efforts will also help Yerevan contribute to global efforts in climate change mitigation and the transition to green economy. Methodology The Green City Action Plan (GCAP) was developed by applying 4 stage methodology, which is as follows: Stage 1 focused on relevant information and data identification, collection, processing and analysis to establish the baseline indicators, which rank the city compared to internationally recognized benchmarks. The baseline consists of three sets of indicators along the axis Pressure-State-Response. Stage 2 was dedicated to the actual GCAP development where City of Yerevan worked with the team of experts on the definition of the vision and long-term strategic objectives along with a roadmap represented by mid-term targets and short-term actions. Implementation of the actions will fall under Stage 3 of the GCAP process and includes also continuous monitoring of progress. After the first three year period within which the short-term actions should be implemented, Yerevan will need to go through Stage 4 of the GCAP process which should map successes and areas for improvement of the implementation. State of the Environment in Yerevan The state of environmental assets, including air, soil, water and biodiversity, is influenced by pressures of human activity. The main challenge related to air quality in Yerevan are high concentrations of dust particles as well as SO2 and NOx emissions. Biodiversity has been negatively impacted by a substantial decline of green spaces in the 1990s, leading to loss of biodiversity of the Yerevan area. Soils are marked with various forms of contamination, water sector analysis reports surface water contamination issues and lack of information on ground water, and the need for substantial further development of water and wastewater infrastructure. These are dealt with in more detail in respective chapters on water and land use. Key proposed short term actions to address challenges related to the state of environment include: ► Improvement of the air quality policy and methodology and monitoring system ► Establishment of a “Green City Awareness Centre” Transport Yerevan municipality considers transport the key area for strategic development of the city. It has a significant impact on local air quality, economic growth as well as social inclusion. The main areas of concern are the transport infrastructure and management as well as the age of the fleet. Even though Yerevan’s road network has been extensively developed in recent years and further extension and enhancements are planned, Yerevan still needs to introduce a strategy regarding road use for public transport (as no dedicated lanes exist) and other alternative transport modes such as cycling. Reducing the age of the fleet is a long term process, begun with the replacement of older vehicles in public transportation, in combination with fuel switching. Key proposed short term actions to address these challenges include: 2 OFFICIAL USE ► Implementing a new bus network model and upgrade of the electric public transport ► Development of road infrastructure, ► Pilot introduction of 10 electric vehicles in municipal fleet by the end of 2020 Energy Yerevan considers the city’s energy and carbon footprint a high priority. Key challenges in terms of energy are low energy efficiency in buildings, due to lack of energy planning, management and awareness; low energy efficiency of external lighting, due to limited financial resources and conceptual approach; and low share of renewable energy sources, due to inexperience with renewable energy and lack of effective solutions. Key proposed short term actions to address these challenges include: ► Introducing energy management in municipal institutions and investment in energy efficient solutions ► Using energy efficient luminaires in the internal lighting systems of administrative buildings ► Using renewable energy, such as such as solar energy, captured methane form municipal solid waste, in municipal buildings Industries The industry’s impact on the local environment is undisputable. Nevertheless, the oversight and regulatory competencies over industrial facilities in Yerevan lie with the Ministry of Nature Protection and the Yerevan municipality has limited direct tools to influence the different industrial sectors. While the low efficiency of resource use and heavy waste and pollution load from the industrial sector in Yerevan is a major challenge, the local government does not have any formal power to take action in this regard, aside from promoting local economic activity and investment environment. Especially worth noting tis the significant impact some industries have on the air quality situation. Key challenges in relation to industries are the lack of information and cooperation platform between the City and the industry, as a result of the limited scope of municipal competences; low industrial material efficiency and high levels of waste and pollution; industrial energy efficiency as well as industrial energy system sustainability. Key proposed short term actions to address these challenges include: ► Development of a public-private dialogue platform and local green business development action plan ► Incorporation of green business support into public procurement procedures ► Establishment of voluntary agreements on energy audits in industry to motivate companies (e.g. via small grants) to increase energy efficiency Waste management Waste management is a key sector for transitioning to a green city. Although the Yerevan municipality has started reforming the collection of municipal solid waste in recent years, significant challenges remain: ► Waste disposal practices, as no municipal solid waste, hazardous waste or other waste is disposed of in EU-compliant sanitary landfills ► Low material efficiency, linked to limited sorting and recycling of waste. Key proposed short term actions to address these challenges include: ► Construction of the new sanitary landfill for municipal solid waste ► Closure and reclamation of existing dumpsites in Nubarashen and Ajapnyak Water Yerevan citizens enjoy a high quality of drinking water thanks to the high quality of groundwater resources. However, we have identified certain key environmental issues associated with Yerevan’s 3 OFFICIAL USE water supply and infrastructure management. In comparison with the drinking water, the benchmarking of the surface water quality shows poor performance. This is due to insufficient treatment of waste water and its collection system. The high level of non-revenue water, which represents more than 73 % within the drinking water supply system is also a major challenge as well as inefficient water usage. Additionally, the changing climate poses greater pressures on the city’s storm-water removal systems. The quality and quantity of groundwater resources was not possible to assess due to lack of nation- wide systematic groundwater protection and monitoring. Key proposed short term actions to address these challenges include: ► Installation of metering devices by the water utility ► Development of Leak Reduction Action Plan ► Enforcement of the concession agreement between the Ministry of Energy Infrastructure and Natural Resources and the water utility ► Repairing and rehabilitation of parts of the water supply system with the highest water leakages ► Repairing of connections between sewage and storm sewers Land use Yerevan went through severe deforestation in the 1990s due to the energy crisis. As a result of City’s efforts, the size of public green space (green spaces of common use) in Yerevan has started to return to the pre-1990 level. Nonetheless, important challenges remain. These include the amount of green space per capita, which us below the 9m2/ca minimum recommended by the World Health Organization and thus not functioning properly as a dust barrier for the city; the rapid growth, and the pressure it excerpts upon urban and public space of Yerevan’s city centre. Key proposed short term actions to address
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