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ILGA-Europe in brief ILGA-Europe is the European Region of the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans & Intersex Association. ILGA-Europe works for equality and human rights for lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans & intersex (LGBTI) people at European level. ILGA-Europe is an international non-governmental umbrella organisation bringing together 408 organisations from 45 out of 49 European countries. ILGA-Europe was established as a separate region of ILGA and an independent legal entity in 1996. ILGA was established in 1978. ILGA-Europe advocates for human rights and equality for LGBTI people at European level organisations such as the European Union (EU), the Council of Europe (CoE) and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). ILGA-Europe strengthens the European LGBTI movement by providing trainings and support to its member organisations and other LGBTI groups on advocacy, fundraising, organisational development and communications. ILGA-Europe has its office in Brussels and employs 12 people. Since 1997 ILGA-Europe enjoys participative status at the Council of Europe. Since 2001 ILGA-Europe receives its largest funding from the European Commission. Since 2006 ILGA-Europe enjoys consultative status at the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations (ECOSOC) and advocates for equality and human rights of LGBTI people also at the UN level. ILGA-Europe Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex People in Europe 2013 This Review covers the period of January to December 2012. Written by ILGA-Europe staff Coordinating and editorial team: Evelyne Paradis, Silvan Agius, Juris Lavrikovs May 2013 Table of contents Acknowledgements 7 Introduction 8 A note on data collection and presentation 9 How to use this Annual Reviews? 10 Highlight of key developments and trends 11 Abbreviations 20 Institutional reviews 22 United Nations 23 Council of Europe 27 European Union 32 Organization for Security and Cooperation and in Europe 38 Latvia 135 Liechtenstein 137 Country reviews 40 Lithuania 140 Albania 41 Luxembourg 145 Andorra 45 FYR Macedonia 147 Armenia 47 Malta 150 Austria 51 Moldova 154 Azerbaijan 54 Monaco 159 Belarus 56 Montenegro 161 Belgium 59 The Netherlands 165 Bosnia and Herzegovina 64 Norway 171 Bulgaria 67 Poland 174 Croatia 70 Portugal 178 Cyprus 74 Romania 181 Czech Republic 78 Russia 183 Denmark 81 San Marino 192 Estonia 86 Serbia 194 Finland 90 Slovakia 198 France 97 Slovenia 201 Georgia 102 Spain 204 Germany 106 Sweden 208 Greece 110 Switzerland 214 Hungary 113 Turkey 217 Iceland 117 Ukraine 223 Ireland 122 UK 227 Italy 127 Kosovo* 133 Index 235 * Included in this Review as a separate jurisdiction following UNSCR 1244/1999 Acknowledgments ILGA-Europe would like to acknowledge and extend its gratitude to the following individuals who have contributed towards the completion of this edition of the Annual Review: Iina Korkiamäki, for background country legal research and initial drafting of country chapters Staff members of ILGA-Europe Sophie Aujean, Boris Balaneţkii, Joël Le Déroff, Faika El-Nagashi, Nanna Moe, Lilit Poghosyan, Björn van Roozendaal and Nigel Warner for researching and drafting institutional and country chapters in liaison with national experts Cailin CE Mackenzie for proof reading of country chapters Member organsiations of ILGA-Europe, country experts and other contributors: Ekaterine Aghdgomelashvili, Kocho Andonovski, Elhan Bagirov, Viachaslau (Slava) Bortnik, Florin Buhuceanu, Gabi Calleja, Zdravko Cimbaljevic, Agata Chaber, Paulo Côrte-Real, Thierry Delaval, Arthur Deville, Milan Djuric, Tamás Dombos, Marna Eide, Amarildo Fecanji, Jeanette Fjeldheim, Angela Frolova, Aksinia Gencheva, Dan Ghattas, Evita Goša, Vibe Grevsen, Yuri Guaiana, Joyce Hamilton, Tim Hopkins, Mamikon Hovsepyan, Sabine Jansen, Klaus Jetz, Sanja Juras, Danijel Kalezic, Hanne Kannelmäe, Hayriye Kara, Xheni Karaj, Kseniya Kirichenko, Richard Köhler, Roman Kollárik, Konstantina Kosmidou, Andrey Kravchuk, Kurt Krickler, Søren Laursen, Katrien Van Leirberghe, Rubén López, Hilmar Magnússon, Simon Maljevac, Despina Michelide, Lucie Otahalova, Michele Pazzini, Eduardas Platovas, Alecs Recher, Sigita Rukšėnaitė, Aija Salo, Gabrielle Schneider, Brian Sheehan, Helen Talalaev, James Tay, Arn Thorben Sauer, Philip Tijsma, Jovanka Todorović Savović, Kerttu, Tarjamo, Katrien Vanleirberghe, Vladana Vasic, Ulrika Westerlund, Alix Zuinghedau and others who we may have been mistakenly omitted in spite of their contributions towards this edition of the Annual Review. ILGA-Europe Annual Review 2013 7 Introduction This 2013 edition of the Annual Review of the Human The country legal overviews that featured in the first Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex edition of the Annual Review were not included this year. People in Europe is ILGA-Europe’s second edition of this For a thorough review of the legal and policy situation of annual publication, covering the period of January to the different Europe, it is suggested that the reader December 2012. It provides a snapshot of what happened consults the ILGA-Europe Rainbow Map at: during the year, at both the international and national www.ilga-europe.org/rainboweurope levels, and documents progress and trends regarding the human rights situation of LGBTI people. ILGA-Europe hopes that this publication meets the readers’ expectations and needs, and welcomes any While this edition of the Annual Review once again suggestions for improvement at: covers various cases of violence, hatred and discrimination [email protected] against LGBTI people (at times perpetrated at the hands of the State), the scope of the document is not that of We hope that you will find this edition of the Annual naming and shaming, or pointing fingers at specific Review informative and useful. countries. Instead, this publication intends to serve as a tool for the exchange of best practices and policies, and ILGA-Europe’s Annual Review Team as an open invitation for enhanced cooperation between governments and LGBTI civil society. For the purpose of documentation and comparability of information, this Annual Review remains largely faithful to the format established in the first edition. However, it introduces two new elements which we believe will help the reader make better use of the document, namely: 1. Highlight of key developments and trends which serves as an editorial bringing together a thematic collection of the major developments in the European region. These developments may be positive or negative, or a mixture of the both. The summary also indicates the trends and challenges that are still faced in the development of the understanding of human rights as it relates to LGBTI people, highlighting good practices where available. 2. Chapter introductions that summarise the situation of LGBTI people at the institutional and country levels, highlighting legal and social developments as well as the issues that may be under consideration. 8 ILGA-Europe Annual Review 2013 A note on data collection and presentation The collection and presentation of data on the organisations, unless such events and work represented developments at national level in 49 countries represents an important milestone towards the acknowledgement of a significant challenge. Beyond difficulties related to the the rights of the LGBTI community in that country. Thirdly, diversity of languages in which some of the original efforts were put into the collection of information on reports were written, there are a number of conceptual intersex issues where available but unfortunately intersex differences across Europe as, for example, the use of people’s human rights remain largely unaddressed at terminology around LGBTI issues is not harmonised. national level. Nonetheless, all information within the Annual Review has been checked and verified against original sources and Finally, this is only our second Annual Review. While we the best available knowledge. Where possible, invested in further improvement of our rigorous data information was also checked against institutional and collection system, a number of limitations continued to national reports, and reliable news sources. apply. We will continue to incorporate the lessons learnt during the first two Annual Reviews with the goal of For comparative reasons, the language within the continuing the improvement of the quality of reporting Annual Review has been kept in line with ILGA-Europe’s on LGBTI issues in Europe. standards, and refers to sexual orientation, gender identity and gender expression, and related terminology; while moving away from country specific legal terms that may have a different meaning elsewhere. At the same time, we respected and accommodated for the diversity of terms used by LGBTI communities to self-identify in different countries and contexts. This is why the Annual Review does not exclusively refer to LGBTI but also to ‘LGBT’, ‘LGBTQ’ and other formulations. Likewise, while trans is used as the umbrella term for all trans people, other specific terms used by trans communities such as transvestite, transgender and others were kept where appropriate. Different reasons can be attributed to missing data on some events or issues in this Annual Review. Firstly, it depends on whether the event itself was adequately reported, or whether there were confusing or contradictory reports which ILGA-Europe was unable to verify about it. Secondly, the primary goal of the Annual
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