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Copyrighted Material Index Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations; those in bold refer to tables abducent nerve (VI) 49, 50, 210–11, 245 anisocoria 221 injury 211 anisometropia 198 abducent nucleus 50, 54, 60, 211, 212, 215, 216, 245 annulospiral terminations 88 accessory nerve (XI) 49, 246 anomia 356 accessory nucleus 39, 244 anorexia nervosa 323 accessory oculomotor (Edinger–Westphal) nucleus 54, 64, anosmia 288–9 214, 222 ansa lenticularis 267 achromatopsia 199 ansa system 266, 267 acoustic neuromas 177, 221 anterior cerebral artery 380–1 acoustic radiations 354 anterior chiasmatic angle 196 acoustic reflex 156 anterior choroidal artery 380 acoustic striae 160 anterior commissure 67–8 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) 9 anterior communicating artery 380 actin filaments 2 anterior hypothalamotegmental tract 322 adiadochokinesis 277 anterior inferior cerebellar artery 373–4 afferent pupillary defect 202, 225 syndrome of 378 ageusia 294 anterior nuclei of the thalamus 229–30, 229, aggressive behavior 310 230, 301 agnosia 360 anterior olfactory nucleus 286 visual 354, 360 anterior parietal cortex 350 agraphesthesia 124 anterior perforated substance 77, 300 akinesthesia 124 anterior spinal artery 367, 368, 370 alcohol‐related birth defects (ARBDs) 26 syndrome of 377 alexia 260 anterior spinal rami 367 without agraphia 352 anterograde degeneration 11, 12 alpha motor neurons 244–5 anterolateral cordotomy 99, 106 alternating hypoglossal hemiplegia 377 aortic arch 366, 364 Alzheimer disease 2–3, 289 aphasia 358–9, 359 neurotransmitter deficiencies 6 auditory receptive 355 amacrine neurons 188–9 Broca’s 358–9 amblyopia 198, 234 COPYRIGHTEDconductive MATERIAL 352, 359 ampullary crest 172 global 359 amygdaloid complex 287, 288, 303–5 Wernicke’s 359 injury 309 apoplexy 255 nuclei 305 apraxia 360 amyloid precursor protein 3 constructional 360 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) 252 motor 275, 360 anastomotic loop of the conus 368, 370, 371 sensory 352 anencephaly 28, 28 aqueduct 25, 50, 63, 393 angular artery 383 arachnoid angular gyrus 71, 352 cranial 387–8 anhidrosis 334 spinal 43, 43 Human Neuroanatomy, Second Edition. James R. Augustine. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Companion website: www.wiley.com/go/Augustine/HumanNeuroanatomy2e 0002785086.indd 399 11/5/2016 7:08:44 PM 400 ● ● ● INDEX arachnoid villi 43 autonomic regulation 323 arbor vitae 271 autonomic related cortices 333 arcuate fibers 271 aversive field 275 area cerebrovasculosa 28 frontal 345 Argyll‐Robertson pupil 223 axon hillock 2, 3 artery of the cervical enlargement 370 axon reaction 10, 11 artery of the lumbar enlargement 371 axonal growth inhibitory factors (AGIFs) 14 ascending gustatory path 292, 293 axonal transport 9–10 ascending reticular activating system 146 defective 9–10 associated tegmentospinal fibers 273 functions 9 association fibers 78 axons 2, 3 astrocytes 6, 7, 7 function 8 ballism 276 identification of 6 band fibers 12 asymmetry 343 basal ganglia 72, 74–7, 260–5, 261, 261, 262 athetosis 276 afferent fibers 265 audenes 162, 167 efferent fibers 267, 267 auditory brain stem implants 167 injury 275–6 auditory cortex 162–4 multisynaptic descending paths 266–7, 267 association cortex 162–3, 163, 355 organization 266, 267 injury to 166–7 basilar arteries 366, 383 bilateral injury 167 branches 372–5 primary 162, 235, 354 basilar artery syndrome 378 tonotopic organization 164 basilar membrane 156–7 processing self‐produced vocalizations 164 tuning 159 stimulation 162 basilar pons 59, 253 ”what” and “where” processing 163–4 basket cells 270 auditory ossicles 155, 156 Bell palsy 255, 255 auditory path Bell–Magendie law 34, 40 ascending 158–64, 160 Benedikt syndrome 378 bilateral nature 164 benign postural vertigo 184 descending 164–5 beta‐amyloid protein (β-AP) 3 injury to 165–7 bilateral anterior cingulotomy 310 stimulation 161, 165 bipolar neurons 4, 4 auditory (pharyngotympanic) tube 155 bitemporal hemianopia 201 auditory receptive aphasia 355 bitemporal superior quadrantanopia 201 auditory seizures 167 bladder, voluntary control 250 auditory system 155–8 blastocyst 19 see also auditory path formation 19 auras 102, 289, 294, 350 blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier 8, 391 auricle 155 bony labyrinth 171, 172, 220 autonomic movement loss 275 brachiocephalic trunk 366 autonomic nervous system brain 1 disorders 333–4 embryonic development 21–6, 25 fiber distribution 329–30 neuronal plasticity 6 postganglionic fibers 330 brain stem 47, 48, 49 preganglionic fibers 329 auditory brain stem implants 167 termination 330–1 blood supply 368, 372–8, 373–7 historical aspects 327–8 vascular injuries 384 parasympathetic component 328, 328, 329, 330–1 lateral spinothalamic tract 99 cranial nuclei 329 lower motor neurons 245–6 regulation of 333 medial lemniscus 125 somatic efferent neurons 331 neuronal column organization 52–4 structural aspects 328–31 somatic afferent columns 52, 55 sympathetic component 328, 328, 329, 331 somatic efferent columns 52, 54 visceral afferent neurons 331–2 spinoreticulothalamic tract 104 visceral efferent neurons 331 ventral spinothalamic tract 119–20 0002785086.indd 400 11/5/2016 7:08:44 PM INDEX ● ● ● 401 visceral afferent columns 52, 55 circuitry 273 visceral efferent columns 52, 54 common discharge paths 273 brain stem syndromes 377–8 dorsal surface 51 brain tumors 9 external features 267–70, 268 brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) 13 functions 274 brightness constancy 201 gray matter 270 Broca’s aphasia 358–9 implanted electrode systems 274 Broca’s area 346 injury 277–8 Brodmann’s areas 100, 340, 340, 341 localization 278 Brown‐Séquard syndrome 43, 44 input 272 output 273 calcarine sulcus 73, 198 somatotopic organization 274, 274 callosomarginal artery 381 white matter 269–71, 271 caloric nystagmus 219–21, 221 cerebral angiography 384 cardiovascular activity regulation 152 cerebral arterial circle (of Willis) 383–4 Carnegie embryonic stages 17, 18 cerebral arteries carotid arteries 366, 367 anterior 380–1 common 378–9 middle 381–2, 379, 382 external 378–9 branches 382–3 internal 379 posterior 374–5, 383 branches 379–83 brain stem branches 375 catecholamines 56 cerebral circulation 365–6 cauda equina 35 embryological considerations 384 caudate nucleus 74–6, 261, 262, 262, 263 cerebral cortex 179, 337 fundus 264 columnar organization 343 cells of Martinotti 338, 338 cortical neurons 338, 338 central arteries 371 cytoarchitectonics 338–40, 339, 340, 340 central nervous system (CNS) 1 functional aspects 343 regeneration 13–14 heterotypic areas 339 central nucleus 39 homotypic areas 338 central receptive pool 148 layers 338–43, 338, 339 central scotoma 201 myeloarchitectonics 339–41, 342 central sulcus 69, 73, 180 see also auditory cortex; somatosensory cortex; central tegmental tract 61 vestibular cortex cerebellar arteries 368, 372, 373–2 cerebral crus 50, 63, 249 cerebellar ataxia 277 cerebral dominance 343 cerebellar cortex 269, 270 cerebral dysraphism 27 layers 269, 270 cerebral gyri 69 neurons in 270, 270 cerebral hemispheres 68–74, 68, 75–6, 79, 337 cerebellar fissures 268 blood supply 379–83 cerebellar folia 268 gray matter 337 cerebellar hemispheres 267 inferior surface 74, 74 cerebellar hypotonia 277 medial surface 48, 72–3, 73 cerebellar lobes 268 superolateral surface 69–72, 69–72 cerebellar lobules 268, 268 see also cerebral cortex cerebellar nuclei 270 cerebral lobes 69, 69 deep 270, 270 see also frontal lobe; occipital lobe; parietal lobe; injury 278 temporal lobe cerebellar nystagmus 277, 278 cerebral peduncles 63 cerebellar peduncles 50, 58, 59, 268–9, 269 cerebral sulci 69 injury 278 cerebral white matter 68, 69, 78–9 cerebellar tonsils 268, 268 cerebrocerebellum 268 herniation 268, 391, 391 cerebrospinal fluid 43, 393–4, 394 cerebellar tremor 277 cervical flexure 21, 22, 24 cerebellar zones 267 chemoreceptors 83–4 cerebellum 48, 50, 267–71 choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) 64 blood supply 372–8 choreas 276 0002785086.indd 401 11/5/2016 7:08:44 PM 402 ● ● ● INDEX choreoathetosis 276 proprioception, pressure, and vibration paths 127–9, 135 choroid plexuses 8, 24, 391–3 tactile discrimination paths 127–9, 130 chromatolysis 10 tactile sensation path 132–3 chronic pain 105 temperature paths 100–2 ciliary ganglion 222 thermal discrimination 112–13 ciliospinal nucleus 223 vestibular paths 179–80 cingulate gyrus 73, 304–6 visual path 199–200 herniation 389–91, 390 cortical–striatal–pallidal–thalamo–cortical circuits 266 cingulate motor areas 345 corticobulbar fibers 252–5, 253, 254 cingulate sulcus 73 aberrant 255 cingulum 304–6 bilateral distribution 253–4 circle of Willis 383–4 contralateral distribution 254 claustrum 77 cortical origin 252–3 climbing fibers 272 internal capsule 253 cochlea 156, 157 ipsilateral distribution 254 autonomic fibers to 165 medulla oblongata 253 cochlear duct 156 midbrain 253 cochlear efferents 165 pons 253 cochlear fluids 157 corticonigral fibers 266 cochlear hair cells 158–9 corticorubral fibers 266 decoupling of 165 corticospinal fibers 247–52, 247, 250 cochlear implants 167 ascending fibers 251 cochlear labyrinth 156 cortical origin 247–8 cochlear nerve 159 internal capsule 248–9 cochlear nuclei 54, 58 lateral corticospinal tract 249–50 cochlear window 156 medulla oblongata 249 collateral sprouting 13 midbrain 249 collateral sulcus 74 pons 249 commissural fibers 78 postcentral gyrus 251 common carotid artery 378–9 ventral corticospinal tract 249 common discharge paths 153, 267, 273 corticostriate fibers 265, 266 complete binasal hemianopia 202 corticotegmental
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