AMISOM Magazine Issue 13
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Country of Origin Information Report Somalia July 2008
COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION REPORT SOMALIA 30 JULY 2008 UK BORDER AGENCY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION SERVICE 30 JULY 2008 SOMALIA Contents Preface LATEST NEWS EVENTS IN SOMALIA, FROM 4 JULY 2008 TO 30 JULY 2008 REPORTS ON SOMALIA PUBLISHED OR ACCESSED SINCE 4 JULY 2008 Paragraphs Background Information GEOGRAPHY ............................................................................................. 1.01 Maps .............................................................................................. 1.04 ECONOMY ................................................................................................. 2.01 Currency change, 2008 ................................................................ 2.06 Drought and famine, 2008 ........................................................... 2.10 Telecommunications.................................................................... 2.14 HISTORY ................................................................................................... 3.01 Collapse of central government and civil war ........................... 3.01 Peace initiatives 2000-2006 ......................................................... 3.14 ‘South West State of Somalia’ (Bay and Bakool) ...................... 3.19 ‘Puntland’ Regional Administration............................................ 3.20 The ‘Republic of Somaliland’ ...................................................... 3.21 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS ........................................................................... 4.01 CONSTITUTION ......................................................................................... -
S/2016/919 Consejo De Seguridad
Naciones Unidas S/2016/919 Consejo de Seguridad Distr. general 31 de octubre de 2016 Español Original: inglés Carta de fecha 7 de octubre de 2016 dirigida al Presidente del Consejo de Seguridad por el Presidente del Comité del Consejo de Seguridad dimanante de las resoluciones 751 (1992) y 1907 (2009) relativas a Somalia y Eritrea En nombre del Comité del Consejo de Seguridad dimanante de las resoluciones 751 (1992) y 1907 (2009) relativas a Somalia y Eritrea, y de conformidad con lo dispuesto en el párrafo 32 de la resolución 2244 (2015) del Consejo de Seguridad, tengo el honor de transmitir adjunto el informe sobre Somalia del Grupo de Supervisión para Somalia y Eritrea. A este respecto, el Comité agradecería que la presente carta y el informe adjunto se señalaran a la atención de los miembros del Consejo de Seguridad y se publicaran como documento del Consejo. (Firmado) Rafael Darío Ramírez Carreño Presidente Comité del Consejo de Seguridad dimanante de las resoluciones 751 (1992) y 1907 (2009) relativas a Somalia y Eritrea 16-16743 (S) 021116 021116 *1616743* S/2016/919 Carta de fecha 28 de septiembre de 2016 dirigida al Presidente del Comité del Consejo de Seguridad dimanante de las resoluciones 751 (1992) y 1907 (2009) relativas a Somalia y Eritrea por el Grupo de Supervisión para Somalia y Eritrea De conformidad con el párrafo 32 de la resolución 2244 (2015) del Consejo de Seguridad, tenemos el honor de transmitir adjunto el informe sobre Somalia del Grupo de Supervisión para Somalia y Eritrea. (Firmado) Christophe Trajber Coordinador -
European Union Training Mission Somalia
European Union Training Mission Somalia PRESS SUMMARY 24th September 2018 “In ‘Media’ stat virtus” EUTM - SOMALIA 24/09/2018 SUMMARY TITLE PAGE Somalia Defence Chief Gen Dahir Adan Elmi Inspects EU Military 2 Training Mission in Mogadishu US forces in Somalia attacked for second time in a month 3 Two car bombs explode in Somali capital, one dies 4 US Airstrike Kills 18 Al-Shabab After US Forces Attacked in Somalia 5 Six Al Shabaab militants killed in fighting in Somalia 6 Two people killed, 6 injured in blast, gun attacks in Bakara market 7 Female spy agent killed in Mogadishu 8 Puntland says its army killed Al Shabaab militants during operation 9 Somalia sealed its debt relieve opportunity 10 Thanks but no thanks, Galmudug’s Haaf tells Farmaajo ahead of 12 crucial talks Somali PM meets with Djibouti Ambassador in Mogadishu 14 Somali president cancels planned US trip 15 Political crisis dismantling Somalia -Unusual silence of UN, US, EU, 17 and AU Puntland Minister Resigns, Cites High-level Corruption 19 Puntland President Warns Of Impending Al-Shabaab Attacks 20 When Farmajo and the states fight, Somalis are trampled 21 Why The Government Has Failed Securing Mogadishu 23 Somalia remains ‘a terrorist safe haven,’ State notes 26 EUTM - SOMALIA 1 EUTM - SOMALIA 24/09/2018 Somalia Defence Chief Gen Dahir Adan Elmi Inspects EU Military Training Mission in Mogadishu 09/22/2018 - Somalia Defence Chief Gen Dahir Adan Elmi Visits EU Military Training Mission in Mogadishu Somalilandsun-The new Somali Chief ofDefense Forces (CDF) General Dahir Adan Elmi, visited the European Union Training Mission Somalia (EUTM-S) for the first time. -
Plan of Action Somalia
Running head: PLAN OF ACTION_SOMALIA PRIME MINISTER 1 Plan of Action_Somalia Prime Minister PLAN OF ACTION_SOMALIA PRIME MINISTER 2 Plan of Action_Somalia Prime Minister Implementing President's Mission and Vision The incoming Prime Minister must work closely with President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud in the continual implementation of Vision 2016. A central focus is inclusive politics in action. This cooperative approach between the prime minister and the president will serve to reaffirm the government’s desire to create a culture of collaboration. Therefore the incoming prime minister must first acknowledge the missteps of the former Prime Ministers. Journalist Yusuf M. Hassan offered a pointed assessment of such missteps in a recent report. According to Hassan, former Prime Minister Dr. Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed was engaged in a venerable power and positional conflict with the President (Hassan, 2014). Since 2004, Somalia has dealt with socio-political conflict resulting in historic institutional collapse and economic ruin. Therefore, it is important that the country continue the process of reversing international perception, regarding the government’s capacity to work collaboratively. Historically past presidents and prime ministers have been at the center of documented disputes, leading to inefficiency and ineffective government operations (Hassan, 2014). Specifically troubling is the fact that confidence motions by the Federal Parliament have resulted in the removal of seven prime ministers in the past ten years. Although some experts have called for the abolition of the prime minister position, its continued existence is a necessity. Symbolically it represents the balance of shared power which mitigates the possibility of abuse (Hassan, 2014). PLAN OF ACTION_SOMALIA PRIME MINISTER 3 This power struggle highlights the need for the prime minister to clarify President Hassan’s operative vision, for their role. -
State-Making in Somalia and Somaliland
The London School of Economics and Political Science STATE -MAKING IN SOMALIA AND SOMALILAND Understanding War, Nationalism and State Trajectories as Processes of Institutional and Socio-Cognitive Standardization Mogadishu ● Dominik Balthasar A thesis submitted to the Department of International Development of the London School of Economics (LSE) for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 2012 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 105,510. I can confirm that my thesis was copy edited for conventions of language, spelling and grammar by Sue Redgrave. Cover illustration: Map source, URL: http://tinyurl.com/97ao5ug, accessed, 15 September 2012, adapted by the author. 2 Abstract Although the conundrums of why states falter, how they are reconstituted, and under what conditions war may be constitutive of state-making have received much scholarly attention, they are still hotly debated by academics and policy analysts. Advancing a novel conceptual framework and analysing diverse Somali state trajectories between 1960 and 2010, this thesis adds to those debates both theoretically and empirically. -
The Puntland Experience: a Bottom-Up Approach to Peace and State Building
THE SEARCH FOR PEACE Somali Programme Haani salka ayeey ka unkantaa A milk container is built from the bottom up The Puntland Experience: A Bottom-up Approach to Peace and State Building Peace Initiatives in Puntland 1991—2007 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Peace Initiatives in Puntland 1991—2007 Researchers: Hassan Adan Mohamed, Amina Abdulkadir M. Nur Photographs: Muctar Mohamed Hersi, Audio Visual Unit Map: Adapted from Mark Bradbury, 2008, James Currey Editor: Dr Pat Johnson, Interpeace This research study was made possible by the generous contributions of the interviewees, Working Group, peer reviewers, and colleagues at the Puntland Development Research Center, including Abdurahman A. Osman ‘Shuke’ (Director), Ali Farah Ali (Research Coordinator), Mohamed Yassin Essa ‘Ilkoasse’ (Finance Manager), and Muctar Mohamed Hersi (Director Audio-Visual Unit), in sharing their unique experiences as well as historical documentation. The Search for Peace series Research Coordinator: Mark Bradbury, Rift Valley Institute Research Consultants: Professor Ken Menkhaus, Davidson College, USA Dr Justin Willis, the British Institute in Eastern Africa Andy Carl, Conciliation Resources Ulf Terlinden Senior Research Advisor: Abdirahman Osman Raghe, Interpeace Series Coordinator & Editor: Dr Pat Johnson, Interpeace Series Sub-editor: Janet Oeverland, Interpeace Design and Layout: Cege Mwangi, Arcadia Associates Garowe, Puntland Phone: (+252 5) 84 4480 Thuraya: +88 216 4333 8170 [email protected] www.pdrc.somalia.org This report was produced by Interpeace and the Puntland Development Research Center and represents exclusively their own views. These views have not been adopted or in any way approved by the contributing donors and should not be relied upon as a statement of the contributing donors or their services. -
Security Council Distr.: General 3 March 2014
United Nations S/2014/140 Security Council Distr.: General 3 March 2014 Original: English Report of the Secretary-General on Somalia I. Introduction 1. The present report is submitted pursuant to paragraph 13 of Security Council resolution 2102 (2013), in which the Council requested me to keep it regularly informed of the implementation of the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM) and to provide an assessment of the political and security implications of wider United Nations deployments across Somalia every 90 days. The present report covers major developments that occurred during the period from 16 November 2013 to 15 February 2014. II. Political and security developments A. Political situation 2. The political landscape in Somalia was dominated by the formation of a new cabinet, with regional political processes showing promising signs. Indirect elections in Puntland State of Somalia led to the selection of a new President. In addition, the inauguration of the Interim Juba Administration, witnessed by the international community, and the holding of talks between the Federal Government of Somalia and “Somaliland” were positive steps forward. 3. On 2 December 2013, Prime Minister Abdi Farah Shirdon lost a no confidence motion in the Somali Federal Parliament. On 12 December, following extensive consultations, President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud nominated Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed as the new Prime Minister. He was endorsed by the Parliament on 21 December, and on 17 January, Mr. Ahmed announced the formation of his expanded cabinet composed of 25 members, including 2 women. 4. Elsewhere, on 8 January, the Parliament of Puntland elected Abdiweli Mohamed Ali Gaas President for a five-year term. -
Federalism As an Instrument for Peace and Reconstruction in Somalia
UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI INSTITUTE OF DIPLOMACY AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FEDERALISM AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR PEACE AND RECONSTRUCTION: THE CASE OF SOMALIA ABDI D. ABDINOOR R52/68680/2013 SUPERVISOR DR. MARTIN OUMA A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT MANAGEMENT TO THE INSTITUTE OF DIPLOMACY AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI 0 Table of Contents DECLARATION ................................................................................................................. 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENT ..................................................................................................... 5 DEDICATION..................................................................................................................... 6 ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY 1.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 8 1.2 Background to the Study ................................................................................................. 9 1.3 Statement Research Problem ......................................................................................... 11 1.4 Objectives of the Study.................................................................................................. 13 1.5 Research Questions ...................................................................................................... -
Report of the Somalia and Eritrea Monitoring Group
ADVANCED COPY – CONFIDENTIAL Letter dated 27 June 2012 from the members of the Monitoring Group on Somalia and Eritrea addressed to the Chairman of the Security Council Committee pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia and Eritrea We have the honour to transmit herewith the report focusing on Somalia of the Monitoring Group on Somalia and Eritrea in accordance with paragraph 6 (m) of Security Council resolution 2002 (2011). (Signed) Matt Bryden Coordinator Monitoring Group on Somalia and Eritrea (Signed) Emmanuel Deisser Arms Expert (Signed) Aurélien Llorca Aviation Expert (Signed) Jörg Roofthooft Maritime Expert (Signed) Ghassan Schbley Finance Expert (Signed) Babatunde Taiwo Armed Groups Expert (Signed) Kristele Younes Humanitarian Expert ADVANCED COPY - CONFIDENTIAL 2 Report of the Monitoring Group on Somalia and Eritrea pursuant to Security Council resolution 2002 (2011) Contents Page Abbreviations 5 Summary 6 I. Introduction 9 A. Mandate 9 B. Methodology 9 II. Acts that threaten the peace, security and stability of Somalia 11 A. Public sector financial mismanagement and corruption 11 B. Harakaat al-Shabaab al-Mujaahidiin 14 C. Al-Shabaab as a regional and international threat 15 D. Piracy and kidnap for ransom (KFR) 16 III. Violations of the general and complete arms embargo 19 A. Foreign military operations in Somalia 20 B. Private Security Companies (PSCs) 21 C. Private Maritime Security Companies/ Floating Armouries 24 D. Non-compliance 24 IV. Obstruction of Humanitarian Assistance 25 A. Denial of access 25 B. Diversion and misappropriation of humanitarian assistance 26 C. Best practices 27 V. Violations of International Humanitarian Law 27 A. Attacks on civilians 28 B. -
Somalia: the Transitional Government on Life Support
SOMALIA: THE TRANSITIONAL GOVERNMENT ON LIFE SUPPORT Africa Report N°170 – 21 February 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................. i I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 II. STRUCTURAL AND OTHER FACTORS OF INSTABILITY .................................. 2 A. THE FIXATION ON CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ................................................................................. 2 B. A LARGE AND UNWIELDY GOVERNMENT .................................................................................... 2 1. Cabinet ......................................................................................................................................... 3 2. Parliament and the rivalry of the two Sharifs .............................................................................. 4 C. REFUSAL TO SHARE POWER ......................................................................................................... 5 1. Failure to reach out ...................................................................................................................... 5 2. Reluctance to federalise ............................................................................................................... 6 3. Local administrations going their own way ................................................................................. 7 D. A DIVIDED EXECUTIVE ............................................................................................................... -
ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ Arabic Original: English
ﺍﻷﻣــﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤـﺪﺓ S/2012/544 Distr.: General 13 July 2012 ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ Arabic Original: English ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺆﺭﺧﺔ ١١ ﲤﻮﺯ /ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻪ ٢٠١٢ ﻣﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﻣـﻦ ﺭﺋـﻴﺲ ﳉﻨــــﺔ ﳎﻠــــﺲ ﺍﻷﻣــــﻦ ﺍﳌﻨــــﺸﺄﺓ ﻋﻤــــﻼ ﺑــــﺎﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﻳﻦ ٧٥١ (١٩٩٢) ﻭ ١٩٠٧ (٢٠٠٩) ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻣﺎﻝ ﻭﺇﺭﻳﺘﺮﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﳉﻨﺔ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻷﻣـﻦ ﺍﳌﻨـﺸﺄﺓ ﻋﻤـﻼ ﺑـﺎﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﻳﻦ ٧٥١ (١٩٩٢) ﻭ ١٩٠٧ (٢٠٠٩) ﺑــﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻟــﺼﻮﻣﺎﻝ ﻭﺇﺭﻳﺘﺮﻳــﺎ، ﻭﻭﻓﻘــﺎ ﻟ ﻠﻔﻘــﺮﺓ ٦ (ﻡ) ﻣــﻦ ﻗــﺮﺍﺭ ﳎﻠــﺲ ﺍﻷﻣــﻦ ٢٠٠٢ (٢٠١١ )، ) ﺃﺗــﺸﺮﻑ ﺑــﺄﻥ ﺃﺣﻴــﻞ ﻃﻴــﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳــﺮ ﺑــﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻟــﺼﻮﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟــﺬﻱ ﺃﻋــﺪﻩ ﻓﺮﻳــﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﺻــﺪ ﺍﳌﻌــﲏ ﺑﺎﻟــﺼﻮﻣﺎﻝ ﻭﺇﺭﻳﺘﺮﻳﺎ (ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﳌﺮﻓﻖ). ﻭﰲ ﻫـﺬﺍ ﺍﻟـﺼﺪﺩ، ﺗﺮﺟـﻮ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨـﺔ ﳑﺘﻨـﺔ ﻋـﺮﺽ ﻫـﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺳـﺎﻟﺔ، ﻭﺿـﻤﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ، ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺃﻋـﻀﺎﺀ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ، ﻭﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭﳘﺎ ﻛﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﻠﺲ. (ﺗﻮﻗ ﻴﻊ) ﻫـ. ﺱ. ﺑﻮﺭﻱ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﳉﻨﺔ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﻋﻤﻼ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﻳﻦ ٧٥١ (١٩٩٢) ﻭ ١٩٠٧ (٢٠٠٩) ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻣﺎﻝ ﻭﺇﺭﻳﺘﺮﻳﺎ 180712 180712 12-37638 (A) *1237638* S/2012/544 ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺆﺭﺧﺔ ٢٧ ﺣﺰﻳﺮﺍﻥ /ﻳﻮﻧﻴـﻪ ٢٠١٢ ﻣﻮﺟﻬـﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺋـﻴﺲ ﳉﻨـﺔ ﳎﻠـﺲ ﺍﻷﻣـﻦ ﺍﳌﻨـﺸﺄﺓ ﻋﻤــﻼ ﺑــﺎﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﻳﻦ ٧٥١ (١٩٩٢) ﻭ ١٩٠٧ (٢٠٠٩) ﺑــﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻟــﺼﻮﻣﺎﻝ ﻭﺇﺭﻳﺘﺮﻳــﺎ ﻣــ ﻦ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﻣﺎﻝ ﻭﺇﺭﻳﺘﺮﻳﺎ ﻧﺘﺸﺮﻑ ﺑﺄﻥ ﳓﻴﻞ ﻃﻴﻪ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﺻﺪ ﺍﳌﻌـﲏ ﺑﺎﻟـﺼﻮﻣﺎﻝ ﻭﺇﺭﻳﺘﺮﻳـﺎ ﺍﻟـﺬﻱ ﻳﺮﻛـﺰ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻣﺎﻝ، ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮﺓ ٦ (ﻡ) ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ ٢٠٠٢ (٢٠١١) (ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻊ) ﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﻳﺪﻥ ﻣﻨﺴﻖ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﺻﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﲏ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﻣﺎﻝ (ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻊ) ﺇﳝﺎﻧﻮﻳﻞ ﺩﻳﺴﺮ ﺧﺒﲑ ﺃﺳﻠﺤﺔ (ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻊ) ﺃﻭﺭﻳﻠﻴﺎﻥ ﻟﻮﺭﻛﺎ ﺧﺒﲑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﲑﺍﻥ (ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻊ) ﻳﻮﺭﻍ ﺭﻭﻓﺜﻮﻓﺖ ﺧﺒﲑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻱ (ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻊ) ﻏﺴﺎﻥ ﺷﺒﻠﻲ ﺧﺒﲑ ﻣﺎﱄ (ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻊ) ﺑﺎﺑﺎﺗﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺗﺎﻳﻮﻭ ﺧﺒﲑ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﺤﺔ (ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻊ) ﻛﺮﻳﺴﺘﻴﻞ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ ﺧﺒﲑﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺆﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ 12-37638 2 S/2012/544 ﺗﻘﺮﻳـــﺮ ﻓﺮﻳـــﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﺻـــﺪ ﺍﳌﻌـــﲏ ﺑﺎﻟـــﺼﻮﻣﺎﻝ ﻭﺇﺭﻳﺘﺮﻳـــﺎ ﻋﻤـــﻼ ﺑﻘـــﺮﺍﺭ ﳎﻠـــﺲ ﺍﻷﻣـــﻦ ٢٠٠٢ (٢٠١١) ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﻣﻮﺟﺰ. ٦ ﺃﻭﻻ - ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ . ١١ ﺃﻟﻒ - ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ . ١١ ﺑــﺎﺀ - ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ. -
Al Qaeda and African Arc of Instability
CIVIL - MILITARY FUSION CENT RE PRESENTS Rebuilding Somalia: Security Challenges for the Post-Conflict Nation Comprehensive Information on Complex Crises May 2013 Nikola Kovač Assistant Desk Officer [email protected] This document discusses the security-related challenges facing Somalia as the country looks to rebuild in the af- termath of a twenty year civil war. Related information is available at www.cimicweb.org. Hyperlinks to source material are highlighted in blue and underlined in the text. All maps are hyperlinked to their source locations. Over the past fifteen months, Somalia achieved significant recovering from two turbulent decades of conflict. In 1990, following the fall of the Siad Barre dictator- ship, the country failed to form a viable government and devolved into a civil war which lasted over twenty years. The radical Islamist group al Shabaab emerged as a major security challenge when the militants gained control of large parts of southern and central Somalia in late 2009. However in mid-2012, Kenyan forces, Ethiopian forces and the United Nations (UN) mandated African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) succeeded in routing al Shabaab from Mogadishu and other key cities. The landmark battle of October 2012 drove al Shabaab from Kismayo, its last major stronghold, reports BBC. AMISOM’s success and Mogadishu’s security improve- ment paved the way for significant political achievements. Somalia installed a new parliament for the first time since the early 1990s when the Federal Government of Source: NYT Somalia was formed on 20 August 2012, upon termination of the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) man- date1, reports The Guardian.