India’s democracies ARILD ENGELSEN RUUD AND GEIR HEIERSTAD (EDS.) India’s democracies Diversity, Co-optation, Resistance Universitetsforlaget This book was first published in 2016 by Universitetsforlaget. The material in this publication is published as Open Access and is covered by copyright regu- lations and Creative Commons License CC-BY 4.0. The license Creative Commons License CC-BY 4.0 gives permission to copy, distribute and dis- seminate the work in any medium or format, and to freely adapt the material for any purpose, including commercial ones. The licensor cannot withdraw these freedoms as long as you respect the following license conditions. For such dissemination and adaptation, the following condi- tions apply: You must provide correct citations and a reference to the license, together with an indication of whether changes have been made. You can do this in any reasonable way as long as it cannot be construed that the licensor endorses you or your use of the work. You may not in any way prevent others from actions allowed by the license. This book is support by Universitetet i Oslos publiseringsfond. ISBN published edition: 978-82-15-02689-3 ISBN electronic PDF edition: 978-82-15-02688-6 Enquiries about this publication may be directed to
[email protected] www.universitetsforlaget.no Typeset: Laboremus Sandefjord AS Contents PREFACE . 9 Arild Engelsen Ruud and Geir Heierstad 1 ON THE DIVERSITY OF INDIA’S DEMOCRACIES . 13 Arild Engelsen Ruud and Geir Heierstad A Heterogeneous Democracy … . 15 … Or Local Democracies . 18 Vernacularizations, the Making of Democracies . 20 This Book . 25 References .