Safety Assessment of Transgenic Organisms OECD Consensus Documents Safety Assessment Volume 4 of Transgenic Organisms
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Stable and Widespread Structural Heteroplasmy in Chloroplast Genomes Revealed by a New Long-Read Quantification Method
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/692798; this version posted July 11, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Classification: Biological Sciences, Evolution Title: Stable and widespread structural heteroplasmy in chloroplast genomes revealed by a new long-read quantification method Weiwen Wang a, Robert Lanfear a a Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 2601 Corresponding Author: Weiwen Wang, [email protected] Robert Lanfear, [email protected], +61 2 6125 2536 Keywords: Single copy inversion, flip-flop recombination, chloroplast genome structural heteroplasmy 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/692798; this version posted July 11, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 Abstract 2 The chloroplast genome usually has a quadripartite structure consisting of a large 3 single copy region and a small single copy region separated by two long inverted 4 repeats. It has been known for some time that a single cell may contain at least two 5 structural haplotypes of this structure, which differ in the relative orientation of the 6 single copy regions. However, the methods required to detect and measure the 7 abundance of the structural haplotypes are labour-intensive, and this phenomenon 8 remains understudied. -
Advancing Banana and Plantain R & D in Asia and the Pacific
Advancing banana and plantain R & D in Asia and the Pacific Proceedings of the 9th INIBAP-ASPNET Regional Advisory Committee meeting held at South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China - 2-5 November 1999 A. B. Molina and V. N. Roa, editors The mission of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain is to sustainably increase the productivity of banana and plantain grown on smallholdings for domestic consumption and for local and export markets. The Programme has four specific objectives: · To organize and coordinate a global research effort on banana and plantain, aimed at the development, evaluation and dissemination of improved banana cultivars and at the conservation and use of Musa diversity. · To promote and strengthen collaboration and partnerships in banana-related activities at the national, regional and global levels. · To strengthen the ability of NARS to conduct research and development activities on bananas and plantains. · To coordinate, facilitate and support the production, collection and exchange of information and documentation related to banana and plantain. Since May 1994, INIBAP is a programme of the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI). The International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) is an autonomous international scientific organization, supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). IPGRIs mandate is to advocate the conservation and use of plant genetic resources for the benefit of present and future generations. IPGRIs headquarters is based in Rome, Italy, with offices in another 14 countries worldwide. It operates through three programmes: (1) the Plant Genetic Resources Programme, (2) the CGIAR Genetic Resources Support Programme, and (3) the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP). -
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides
ผลของการใชส้ ารสกดั จากพืชสมุนไพรและน้า มนั หอมระเหยบริสุทธ์ิร่วมกบั ยสี ตป์ ฏิปักษ์ Issatchenkia orientalis VCU24 ในการควบคุมโรคแอนแทรคโนสในมะมว่ งพนั ธุ์น้า ดอกไม ้ PHOUTTHAPHONE XAYAVONGSA วทิ ยานิพนธ์น้ีเป็นส่วนหน่ึงของการศึกษาตามหลกั สูตรวทิ ยาศาสตรมหาบณั ฑิต สาขาวิชาวิทยาศาสตร์ชีวภาพ คณะวิทยาศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยบูรพา สิงหาคม 2560 ลิขสิทธ์ิเป็นของมหาวทิ ยาลยั บูรพา กิตติกรรมประกาศ วทิ ยานิพนธ์ฉบบั น้ีสา เร็จไปได ้ ดว้ ยความกรุณาและเมตตาเป็นอยา่ งสูงจากทา่ นอาจารย์ ผชู้ ่วยศาสตราจารย ์ ดร.อนุเทพ ภาสุระ กรรมการที่ปรึกษาวิทยานิพนธ์ ที่ใหค้ า ปรึกษา ขอ้ ช้ีแนะที่ เป็นประโยชน์ต่อการทา งานวจิ ยั เรื่อยมา ตลอดจนการดูแลความกา้ วหนา้ ของการดา เนินงานตา่ ง ๆ และใหค้ วามช่วยเหลือในการแกไ้ ขขอ้ บกพร่องในวทิ ยานิพนธ์ของขา้ พเจา้ จนกระทง่ั ลุล่วงไปได้ ดว้ ยดี ขา้ พเจา้ มีความรู้สึกซาบซ้ึงในความเมตตากรุณาและความทุม่ เทของอาจารย ์ จึงขอกราบ ขอบพระคุณอาจารยเ์ ป็นอยา่ งสูงไว ้ณ ที่น้ี ข้าพเจ้าขอกราบขอบพระคุณผู้ช่วยศาสตราจารย ์ ดร.ธิดา เดชฮวบ ประธานกรรรมการ วิทยานิพนธ์ ผชู้ ่วยศาสตราจารย ์ ดร.อภิรดี ปิลันธนภาคย์ และ ผชู้ ่วยศาสตราจารย ์ ดร.สุดารัตน์ สวนจิตร กรรมการสอบวทิ ยานิพนธ์ ที่กรุณาใหค้ า แนะนา เพื่อแกไ้ ขว้ ทิ ยานิพนธ์ส่วนบกพร่อง เพื่อใหว้ ทิ ยานิพนธ์เล่มน้ีสมบูรณ์ยง่ิ ข้ึน ขอกราบขอบพระคุณคณาจารยผ์ ทู้ รงคุณวฒุ ิทุกทา่ นที่ไดป้ ระสิทธิประสาทวชิ าความรู้ ฝึกฝนทกั ษะ กระบวนการคิดและการทา งาน ตลอดระยะเวลาการศึกษามหาบณั ฑิตคร้ังน้ีแก่ ข้าพเจ้า ขอขอบคุณบุคลากรประจาโครงการบัณฑิตศึกษา และภาควิชาจุลชีววิทยา คณะวิทยาศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยบูรพา ทุกทา่ นที่คอยช่วยเหลือและอา นวยความสะดวกในการ ประสานงาน เพื่อขอความอนุเคราะห์การใชเ้ ครื่องมือและสารเคมีตา่ ง ๆ ในการทา -
Characterization and Genomic Analysis of a Diesel-Degrading Bacterium, Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus CA16, Isolated from Canadian Soil Margaret T
Ho et al. BMC Biotechnology (2020) 20:39 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12896-020-00632-z RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Characterization and genomic analysis of a diesel-degrading bacterium, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus CA16, isolated from Canadian soil Margaret T. Ho1,2, Michelle S. M. Li1, Tim McDowell3, Jacqueline MacDonald1 and Ze-Chun Yuan1,3* Abstract Background: With the high demand for diesel across the world, environmental decontamination from its improper usage, storage and accidental spills becomes necessary. One highly environmentally friendly and cost-effective decontamination method is to utilize diesel-degrading microbes as a means for bioremediation. Here, we present a newly isolated and identified strain of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (‘CA16’) as a candidate for the bioremediation of diesel-contaminated areas. Results: Acinetobacter calcoaceticus CA16 was able to survive and grow in minimal medium with diesel as the only source of carbon. We determined through metabolomics that A. calcoaceticus CA16 appears to be efficient at diesel degradation. Specifically, CA16 is able to degrade 82 to 92% of aliphatic alkane hydrocarbons (CnHn +2; where n = 12–18) in 28 days. Several diesel-degrading genes (such as alkM and xcpR) that are present in other microbes were also found to be activated in CA16. Conclusions: The results presented here suggest that Acinetobacter strain CA16 has good potential in the bioremediation of diesel-polluted environments. Keywords: Microbial bioremediation, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus CA16, Diesel-degrading bacteria, Diesel bioremediation, Aliphatic hydrocarbons, n-alkanes Background can be mitigated by microbial bioremediation, which With the high demand for diesel around the world, se- uses microbes to remove pollutants from the environ- vere environmental and ecological problems have arisen ment [3, 4]. -
Polyploidy and the Evolutionary History of Cotton
POLYPLOIDY AND THE EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF COTTON Jonathan F. Wendel1 and Richard C. Cronn2 1Department of Botany, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA 2Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA I. Introduction II. Taxonomic, Cytogenetic, and Phylogenetic Framework A. Origin and Diversification of the Gossypieae, the Cotton Tribe B. Emergence and Diversification of the Genus Gossypium C. Chromosomal Evolution and the Origin of the Polyploids D. Phylogenetic Relationships and the Temporal Scale of Divergence III. Speciation Mechanisms A. A Fondness for Trans-oceanic Voyages B. A Propensity for Interspecific Gene Exchange IV. Origin of the Allopolyploids A. Time of Formation B. Parentage of the Allopolyploids V. Polyploid Evolution A. Repeated Cycles of Genome Duplication B. Chromosomal Stabilization C. Increased Recombination in Polyploid Gossypium D. A Diverse Array of Genic and Genomic Interactions E. Differential Evolution of Cohabiting Genomes VI. Ecological Consequences of Polyploidization VII. Polyploidy and Fiber VIII. Concluding Remarks References The cotton genus (Gossypium ) includes approximately 50 species distributed in arid to semi-arid regions of the tropic and subtropics. Included are four species that have independently been domesticated for their fiber, two each in Africa–Asia and the Americas. Gossypium species exhibit extraordinary morphological variation, ranging from herbaceous perennials to small trees with a diverse array of reproductive and vegetative -
Evolutionary Genomics of Conjugative Elements and Integrons
Université Paris Descartes École doctorale Interdisciplinaire Européenne 474 Frontières du Vivant Microbial Evolutionary Genomic, Pasteur Institute Evolutionary genomics of conjugative elements and integrons Thèse de doctorat en Biologie Interdisciplinaire Présentée par Jean Cury Pour obtenir le grade de Docteur de l’Université Paris Descartes Sous la direction de Eduardo Rocha Soutenue publiquement le 17 Novembre 2017, devant un jury composé de: Claudine MÉDIGUE Rapporteure CNRS, Genoscope, Évry Marie-Cécile PLOY Rapporteure Université de Limoges Érick DENAMUR Examinateur Université Paris Diderot, Paris Philippe LOPEZ Examinateur Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris Alan GROSSMAN Examinateur MIT, Cambdridge, USA Eduardo ROCHA Directeur de thèse CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris ِ عمحمود ُبدرويش َالنرد َم ْن انا ِٔ َقول ُلك ْم ما ا ُقول ُلك ْم ؟ وانا لم أ ُك ْن َ َج ًرا َص َق َل ْت ُه ُالمياه َفأ ْص َب َح ِوهاً و َق َصباً َثق َب ْت ُه ُالرياح َفأ ْص َب َح ًنايا ... انا ِع ُب َالن ْرد ، ا َرب ُح يناً وا َس ُر يناً انا ِم ُثل ُك ْم ا وا قل قليً ... The dice player Mahmoud Darwish Who am I to say to you what I am saying to you? I was not a stone polished by water and became a face nor was I a cane punctured by the wind and became a lute… I am a dice player, Sometimes I win and sometimes I lose I am like you or slightly less… Contents Acknowledgments 7 Preamble 9 I Introduction 11 1 Background for friends and family . 13 2 Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) . 16 2.1 Mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer . -
Epidemiological and Molecular Analysis of Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance in Acinetobacter Baumannii
UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOQUÍMICA Y BIOLOGÍA MOLECULAR IV TESIS DOCTORAL Epidemiological and Molecular Analysis of Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii Análisis Epidemiológico y Molecular de la Virulencia y la Antibiorresistencia en Acinetobacter baumannii MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR PRESENTADA POR Elias Dahdouh DIRECTORA Mónica Suárez Rodríguez Madrid, 2017 © Elias Dahdouh, 2016 UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOQUIMICA Y BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR IV TESIS DOCTORAL Análisis Epidemiológico y Molecular de la Virulencia y la Antibiorresistencia en Acinetobacter baumannii Epidemiological and Molecular Analysis of Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR PRESENTADA POR Elias Dahdouh Directora Mónica Suárez Rodríguez Madrid, 2016 UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular IV ANALYSIS EPIDEMIOLOGICO Y MOLECULAR DE LA VIRULENCIA Y LA ANTIBIORRESISTENCIA EN Acinetobacter baumannii EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF VIRULENCE AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN Acinetobacter baumannii MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR PRESENTADA POR Elias Dahdouh Bajo la dirección de la doctora Mónica Suárez Rodríguez Madrid, Diciembre de 2016 First and foremost, I would like to thank God for the continued strength and determination that He has given me. I would also like to thank my father Abdo, my brother Charbel, my fiancée, Marisa, and all my friends for their endless support and for standing by me at all times. Moreover, I would like to thank Dra. Monica Suarez Rodriguez and Dr. Ziad Daoud for giving me the opportunity to complete this doctoral study and for their guidance, encouragement, and friendship. -
COMPLEXOS DE ESPÉCIES DE Colletotrichum ASSOCIADOS AOS CITROS E a OUTRAS FRUTÍFERAS NO BRASIL
UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA JÚLIO DE MESQUITA FILHO FACULDADE DE CIENCIAS AGRÁRIAS E VETERINÁRIAS DE JABOTICABAL COMPLEXOS DE ESPÉCIES DE Colletotrichum ASSOCIADOS AOS CITROS E A OUTRAS FRUTÍFERAS NO BRASIL Roberta Cristina Delphino Carboni Engenheira Agrônoma 2018 T E S E / C A R B O N I R. C. D. 2 0 1 8 UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA JÚLIO DE MESQUITA FILHO FACULDADE DE CIENCIAS AGRÁRIAS E VETERINÁRIAS DE JABOTICABAL COMPLEXOS DE ESPÉCIES DE Colletotrichum ASSOCIADOS AOS CITROS E A OUTRAS FRUTÍFERAS NO BRASIL Roberta Cristina Delphino Carboni Orientador: Prof. Dr. Antonio de Goes Co-orientadora: Dra. Andressa de Souza Pollo Tese apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias – Unesp, Câmpus de Jaboticabal, como parte das exigências para a obtenção do título de Doutora em Agronomia (Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas) 2018 Carboni, Roberta Cristina Delphino C264d Complexos de espécies de Colletotrichum associados aos citros e a outras frutíferas no Brasil / Roberta Cristina Delphino Carboni. – – Jaboticabal, 2018 x, 107 p.: il.; 29 cm Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2018 Orientador: Antonio de Goes Co-orientadora: Dra. Andressa de Souza Pollo Banca examinadora: Kátia Cristina Kupper, Rita de Cássia Panizzi, Juliana Altafin Galli, Marcos Tulio de Oliveira Bibliografia 1. Citrus spp., Colletotrichum spp. 2. Análise polifásica. 3. marcadores ISSR. I. Título. II. Jaboticabal-Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias. CDU 634.3:632.4 Ficha catalográfica elaborada pela Seção Técnica de Aquisição e Tratamento da Informação – Diretoria Técnica de Biblioteca e Documentação - UNESP, Câmpus de Jaboticabal. DADOS CURRICULARES DO AUTOR ROBERTA CRISTINA DELPHINO CARBONI - nascida em 03 de novembro de 1987, em Jaboticabal-SP, é Engenheira Agrônoma formada pela Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’ (UNESP), Câmpus de Jaboticabal-SP, em fevereiro de 2012. -
Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 43(2) 1976
Volume July 1976 Number 2 PROCEEDINGS '* " ' "•-' ""' ' - ^ \~ ' '':'-'''' ' - ~ .•' - ' ' '*'' '* ' — "- - '• '' • The Helminthologieal Society of Washington ., , ,; . ,-. A semiannual journal of research devoted io He/m/nfho/ogy and aJ/ branches of Parasifo/ogy ''^--, '^ -^ -'/ 'lj,,:':'--' •• r\.L; / .'-•;..•• ' , -N Supported in partly the % BraytonH. Ransom :Memorial Trust Fund r ;':' />•!',"••-•, .' .'.• • V''' ". .r -,'"'/-..•" - V .. ; Subscription $15.00 x« Volume; Foreign, $15J50 ACHOLONU, AtEXANDER D. Hehnihth Fauria of Saurians from Puertox Rico>with \s on the liife Cycle of Lueheifr inscripta (Weslrurrib, 1821 ) and Description of Allopharynx puertoficensis sp. n ....... — — — ,... _.J.-i.__L,.. 106 BERGSTROM, R. C., L. R. tE^AKi AND B. A. WERNER. ^JSmall Dung , Beetles as Biolpgical Control Agents: laboratory Studies of Beetle Action on Tricho- strongylid Eggs in Sheep and Cattle Feces „ ____ ---i.--— .— _..r-..........,_: ______ .... ,171 ^CAKE, EDVWN W., JR. A Key" to Iiarval;Cestodes of Shallow-water, Benthic , ~ . Mollusks of the Northern Gulf 'bf Mexico ... .„'„_ „». -L......^....:,...^;.... _____ ..1.^..... 160 DAVIDSON, WILLIAM R. Endopa'rasjites of Selected Populations of Gray Squir- rels ( Sciurus carolinensis) in the Southeastern United States „;.„.„ ____ i ____ .... 211 DORAN, D. J. AND P: C. AUGUSTINE. / Eimeria tenella: Comparative Oocyst ;> i; Production in Primary Cultures of Chicken Kidney Cells Maintained in •\s Media Systems ^.......^.L...,.....J..^hL.. ____; C.^i,.^^..... ____ ..7._u......;. 126 cEssER,^R. P., V. Q.^PERRY AND A. L. TAYLOR. A '-Diagnostic Compendium of the _ Genus Meloidogyne ([Nematoda: Heteroderidae ) .... .... ... y— ..L_^...-...,_... ___ ...v , 138 EISCHTHAL, JACOB H. AND .ALEXANDER D. AciiOLONy. Some Digenetic Trem- ' atodes from the Atlantic UHawksbill Turtle,' Eretmochdys inibricata ^ /irribrieaia (L.), from Puerto Rico ~L^ _____ ,:,.......„._: ____ , _______ . -
Microbial Community Composition During Degradation of Organic Matter
TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT MÜNCHEN Lehrstuhl für Bodenökologie Microbial community composition during degradation of organic matter Stefanie Elisabeth Wallisch Vollständiger Abdruck der von der Fakultät Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt der Technischen Universität München zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften genehmigten Dissertation. Vorsitzender: Univ.-Prof. Dr. A. Göttlein Prüfer der Dissertation: 1. Hon.-Prof. Dr. M. Schloter 2. Univ.-Prof. Dr. S. Scherer Die Dissertation wurde am 14.04.2015 bei der Technischen Universität München eingereicht und durch die Fakultät Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt am 03.08.2015 angenommen. Table of contents List of figures .................................................................................................................... iv List of tables ..................................................................................................................... vi Abbreviations .................................................................................................................. vii List of publications and contributions .............................................................................. viii Publications in peer-reviewed journals .................................................................................... viii My contributions to the publications ....................................................................................... viii Abstract -
Characterisation of Populations of Longidorus Orientalis Loof, 1982
Nematology 17 (2015) 459-477 brill.com/nemy Characterisation of populations of Longidorus orientalis Loof, 1982 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in the USA and other countries and incongruence of phylogenies inferred from ITS1 rRNA and coxI genes ∗ Sergei A. SUBBOTIN 1,2,3, ,JasonD.STANLEY 4, Antoon T. PLOEG 3,ZahraTANHA MAAFI 5, Emmanuel A. TZORTZAKAKIS 6, John J. CHITAMBAR 1,JuanE.PALOMARES-RIUS 7, Pablo CASTILLO 7 and Renato N. INSERRA 4 1 Plant Pest Diagnostic Center, California Department of Food and Agriculture, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, CA 95832-1448, USA 2 Center of Parasitology of A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Prospect 33, Moscow 117071, Russia 3 Department of Nematology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA 4 Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, DPI, Nematology Section, P.O. Box 147100, Gainesville, FL 32614-7100, USA 5 Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, P.O. Box 1454, Tehran 19395, Iran 6 Plant Protection Institute, N.AG.RE.F., Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DEMETER, P.O. Box 2228, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece 7 Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, Apdo. 4084, 14080 Córdoba, Spain Received: 16 January 2015; revised: 16 February 2015 Accepted for publication: 16 February 2015; available online: 27 March 2015 Summary – Needle nematode populations of Longidorus orientalis associated with date palm, Phoenix dactylifera, and detected during nematode surveys conducted in Arizona, California and Florida, USA, were characterised morphologically and molecularly. The nematode species most likely arrived in California a century ago with propagative date palms from the Middle East and eventually spread to Florida on ornamental date palms that were shipped from Arizona and California. -
WO 2017/035099 Al 2 March 2017 (02.03.2017) P O P C T
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2017/035099 Al 2 March 2017 (02.03.2017) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, C07C 39/00 (2006.01) C07D 303/32 (2006.01) DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, C07C 49/242 (2006.01) HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, (21) International Application Number: MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PCT/US20 16/048092 PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC, (22) International Filing Date: SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, 22 August 2016 (22.08.2016) TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (25) Filing Language: English (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, (26) Publication Language: English GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, (30) Priority Data: TZ, UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, 62/208,662 22 August 2015 (22.08.2015) US TJ, TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, (71) Applicant: NEOZYME INTERNATIONAL, INC.