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Training Module on Urban Risk Mitigation Chandrani Bandyopadhyay Chandrani Training Module on URBAN RISK MITIGATION Training Module on Urban Risk Mitigation Training 7A8A9A3A8A2A5A7A1A0A7A0A 9A 7A 8A 9A 3A 8A 2A 9A 0A 2A 1A 6A 4A Printed at: Chandu Press Ph: 9810519841 ISBN 978-93-82571-09-0 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT a disaster free India Towards IIPA Campus, I.P. Estate, Mahatma Gandhi Road, New Delhi - 110002 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT Tel: 011-23702445, 23702432, 23705583; Fax: 011- 23702442, 23702446 MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS, GOVERNMENT OF INDIA Towards a disaster free India Website: www.nidm.gov.in Towards a disaster free India Chandrani Bandyopadhyay Chandrani Training Module on URBAN RISK MITIGATION Training Module on Urban Risk Mitigation Training 7A8A9A3A8A2A5A7A1A0A7A0A 9A 7A 8A 9A 3A 8A 2A 9A 0A 2A 1A 6A 4A Printed at: Chandu Press Ph: 9810519841 ISBN 978-93-82571-09-0 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT a disaster free India Towards IIPA Campus, I.P. Estate, Mahatma Gandhi Road, New Delhi - 110002 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT Tel: 011-23702445, 23702432, 23705583; Fax: 011- 23702442, 23702446 MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS, GOVERNMENT OF INDIA Towards a disaster free India Website: www.nidm.gov.in Towards a disaster free India Training Module on URBAN RISK MITIGATION Author : Chandrani Bandyopadhyay National Institute of Disaster Management (Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India) 5-B, I.P. Estate, M.G. Road New Delhi – 110 002 TRAINING MODULE on URBAN RISK MITIGATION ISBN : 978-93-82571-07-0 © NIDM, New Delhi Edition: First, 2014 Published by National Institute of Disaster Management, Ministry of Home Affairs, New Delhi – 110 002 Citation Bandyopadhyay, Chandrani (2014) : Training Module on Urban Risk Mitigation. National Institute of Disaster Management, New Delhi - 110 002, Pages 138 Printing Committee Mr. Satya Prakash Sharma Mr. Ramesh Kumar Mr. Shekhar Chaturvedi Mr. S. K. Tiwari Disclaimer This document may be freely reviewed, reproduced or translated, in part or whole, purely on non-profit basis for humanitarian, social and environmental well-being. We welcome receiving information and suggestions on its adaptation or use in actual training situations. The document can be downloaded from http://www. nidm.gov.in Design and Printing Chandu Press, D-97, Shakarpur, Delhi-110092, Ph.: 22526936 Training Module on Urban Risk Mitigation Training i Training Module on Urban Risk Mitigation Training ii Training Module on Urban Risk Mitigation Training iii Acknowledgement This module is the outcome of inputs, suggestions and discussions with practitioners, administrators and colleagues, each of them significant for the value they have added to the module design and presentation. I take this opportunity to convey my gratitude to all of them, who have enriched my understanding of urban DRR and its manifold implications on humanity. I am grateful to Dr Satendra, Executive Director of the National Institute of Disaster Management for his support and encouragement in the course of preparation of this module. My thanks are due to Prof Chandan Ghosh of NIDM for his inputs in module design and all my colleagues for their suggestions. I thank my colleagues in NIDM for their inputs and support. I am grateful to Prof (Dr) Sanjukkta Bhaduri of the School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi who has painstakingly reviewed the module and streamlined it to the present format though her suggestions. I am grateful to all the resource persons who have taken classes during the trainings conducted at the national and state levels and added to our knowledge and understanding of urban issues. Thanks are due to all participants to this training, who with their experience sharing and feedback have helped to modify and finalize the module. Last but not the least, a big thank you to my family, who has been with me always, no matter what. I dedicate this module to you, dear reader, with the hope that together we will work for a resilient nation. Any flaw, or inadequacy is however, my responsibility. Training Module on Urban Risk Mitigation Training (Chandrani Bandyopadhyay) New Delhi April 2014 v The Module – In Brief Name of Module: Training Module on Urban Risk Mitigation Developed by: National Institute of Disaster Management No of sub-modules: Five Training Days: Five Training Time: 25 - 27 hours Training Method: One sub-module per day Training Team: Lead Trainer, Specialists, Training Assistants Seating: Informal Training Module on Urban Risk Mitigation Training vi Contents Page Training Module on Urban Risk Mitigation-About the Module 3-18 Module 1: Introduction, Overview & Perspectives 19-38 1. Learning Unit 1.1: Pre-Training Assessment 21 2. Learning Unit 1.2: Hazard, Vulnerability & Risks: A Conceptual 23 Approach to Disaster Management 3. Learning Unit 1.3: From DM to DRR: An Overview 27 4. Learning Unit 1.4: Identifying Risks & Vulnerabilities in the 32 Urban Context 5. Learning Unit 1.5: Urban Disaster Risks: Perspectives & 35 Approaches Module 2: Urban Risk Impact: Issues & Concerns 39-60 1. Learning Unit 2.1: Urban Disaster Impact and Role of Urban 41 Planning for Risk Mitigation 2. Learning Unit 2.2: Environmental Impact on Urban Risks 46 3. Learning Unit 2.3: Implications of Urban Transport in Disaster 51 Risk Reduction 4. Learning Unit 2.4: Health Issues for Urban Disasters 53 5. Learning Unit 2.5: Climate Change and Urban Risks: Impact 57 for Present and Future Module 3: Action Planning & Strategies For Urban DRR 61-84 1. Learning Unit 3.1: Mainstreaming DRR in Urban Development 63 Policies & Governance Module on Urban Risk Mitigation Training 2. Learning Unit 3.2: Techno-legal framework for Urban Risk 66 Reduction 3. Learning Unit 3.3: Earthquake Risks: Mitigation Framework 69 for Structural Safety 4. Learning Unit 3.4: Earthquake Risks: Non-Structural Mitigation 73 Measures 5. Learning Unit 3.5: Urban Flooding: Learning Lessons through 77 Time 6. Learning Unit 3.6: Urban Fires: Inevitable or Preventable? 81 vii Module 4: Testing Reality 85-89 1. Learning Unit 4.1: City Observation Study: Identifying Risks 87 2. Learning Unit 4.2: Risk Assessment, Vulnerability Analysis 89 and Mitigation Strategies Module 5: Framework for Building Resilient Cities 90-102 1. Learning Unit 5.1: Community based Urban Risk 92 Management 2. Learning Unit 5.2: Technology for Urban Sustainability 94 3. Learning Unit 5.3: Framework for Resilient Cities 98 4. Learning Unit 5.4: Post-Training Evaluation and Closing 101 Annexure 103-138 1. Glossary of Terms 104 2. Powerpoint Presentations 112 Training Module on Urban Risk Mitigation Training viii Module at a Glance MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION, OVERVIEW & PERSPECTIVES 1. Learning Unit 1.1: Pre-Training Assessment 2. Learning Unit 1.2: Hazard, Vulnerability & Risks: A Conceptual Approach to Disaster Management 3. Learning Unit 1.3: From DM to DRR: An Overview 4. Learning Unit 1.4: Identifying Risks & Vulnerabilities in the Urban Context 5. Learning Unit 1.5: Urban Disaster Risks: Perspectives & Approaches MODULE 2: URBAN RISK IMPACT: ISSUES & CONCERNS 1. Learning Unit 2.1: Urban Disaster Impact and Role of Urban Planning for Risk Mitigation 2. Learning Unit 2.2: Environmental Impact on Urban Risks 3. Learning Unit 2.3: Implications of Urban Transport in Disaster Risk Reduction 4. Learning Unit 2.4: Health Issues for Urban Disasters 5. Learning Unit 2.5: Climate Change and Urban Risks: Impact for Present and Future MODULE 3: ACTION PLANNING & STRATEGIES FOR URBAN DRR 1. Learning Unit 3.1: Mainstreaming DRR in Urban Development Policies & Governance 2. Learning Unit 3.2: Techno-legal framework for Urban Risk Reduction 3. Learning Unit 3.3: Earthquake Risks: Mitigation Framework for Structural Safety 4. Learning Unit 3.4: Earthquake Risks: Non-Structural Mitigation Measures 5. Learning Unit 3.5: Urban Flooding: Learning Lessons through Time 6. Learning Unit 3.6: Urban Fires: Inevitable or Preventable? Training Module on Urban Risk Mitigation Training MODULE 4: TESTING REALITY 1. Learning Unit 4.1: City Observation Study: Identifying Risks 2. Learning Unit 4.2: Risk Assessment, Vulnerability Analysis and Mitigation Strategies MODULE 5: FRAMEWORK FOR BUILDING RESILIENT CITIES 1. Learning Unit 5.1: Community based Urban Risk Management 2. Learning Unit 5.2: Technology for Urban Sustainability 3. Learning Unit 5.3: Framework for Resilient Cities 4. Learning Unit 5.4: Post-Training Evaluation and Closing ix List of Abbreviations ATI Administrative Training Institute BMTPC Building Materials & Technology Promotion Council DM Disaster Management DRR Disaster Risk Reduction HAZMAT Hazardous Materials HUDCO Housing & Urban Development Corporation Ltd ISDR International Strategy for Disaster Reduction JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency JNNURM Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission NBC National Building Code NDMA National Disaster Management Authority NIUA National Institute of Urban Affairs SIUD State Institute of Urban Development TCPO Town & Country Planning Organization Training Module on Urban Risk Mitigation Training x ommunities will always face natural hazards, but "Ctoday’s disasters are often generated by, or at least exacerbated by, human activities. At the most dramatic level, human activities are changing the natural balance of the earth, interfering as never before with the atmosphere, the oceans, the polar ice caps, the forest cover and the natural pillars that make our world a livable home. But we are also putting ourselves in harm’s way in less visible ways. At no time in human history have so many people lived in cities clustered around seismically active areas. Destitution and demographic pressure have led more people than ever before to live in flood plains or in areas prone to landslides. Poor land-use planning; environmental mismanagement; and a lack of regulatory mechanisms both increase the risk and exacerbate the effects of disasters." Kofi Annan Former UN Secretary General Training Module on Urban Risk Mitigation Training 1 Cities and Thrones and Powers Stand in Time’s eye, Almost as long as flowers, Which daily die: But, as new buds put forth To glad new men, Out of the spent and unconsidered Earth, The Cities rise again.
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