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AN ANALYSIS of HEAVY METALS (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb) in LEACHATE and WATER SAMPLES TAKEN from SAN MATEOLANDFILL and PAYATAS DUMPSITE

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AN ANALYSIS of HEAVY METALS (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb) in LEACHATE and WATER SAMPLES TAKEN from SAN MATEOLANDFILL and PAYATAS DUMPSITE INh1uII1m1hI PH0300005 INIS-PH--020 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES AN ANALYSIS OF HEAVY METALS (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb) IN LEACHATE AND WATER SAMPLES TAKEN FROM SAN MATEOLANDFILL AND PAYATAS DUMPSITE AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Natural Sciences College of Science Polytechnic University of the Philippines In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Chemistry By: CHRISTINE D. ALMARIO MA. VICTORIA S. BENEDICTO February 17, 2003 DR. RAMONA T. TABANG Adviser POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES APPROVAL SHEET This Thesis hereto entitled: "An Analysis of Heavy Metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb) in Leachate and Water Samples Taken from San Mateo Landfill and Payatas Dumpsite" prepared and submitted by Christine D. Almario and Ma. Victoria S. Benedicto in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Chemistry has been examined and is recommended for acceptance and approval for ORAL EXAMINATION. Dr. arrona T. Tabang Mrs. Linda L. Leopando, Adviser Career Scientist I Outside Thesis Adviser PNRI Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade of PASSED on February 17, 2003. Dr. 196a T. Enerva Chair Engr. Liduvina C. N~yEn .liza th . Mufloz Member Member Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Chemistry. Dr. Theresita V. A6 Dean, College of Science ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT After long days of hard work, sleepless nights and tireless arguments, our thesis finally came to an end. We would like to use this chance to extend our warmest gratitude and to give thanks to those people who helped us in making our work possible. We really appreciate every single thing they've done for us. Taking all into consideration, we will begin by thanking our Heavenly Father for all the wonderful things he has bestowed upon us: for enlightening our mind when were about to give up, and for all the strength and courage He has given us to face all the challenges. To our beloved parents, Manuel N. Benedicto and Beatriz S. Benedicto, Ruben P. Almario and Nilda D. Almario, we will always be grateful for your guidance, constant love understanding and full support. Thank you for encouraging us to pursue our ideology and making us believe that we can always make things possible. And of course, for the financial support... every cent is all worth i!! We are grately indebted to the generous people of Philippine Nuclear Research Institute especially to the staff of Isotope Research Technique Group. To Mrs. Linda L. Leopando, our outside-thesis adviser, we thank her, for her brilliant idea of suggesting leachate as our thesis topic. To Mrs. Ma. Luz Ascaflo, for being approachable whenever we need help, sharing her best knowledge and for her valuable comments to improve our work. To Mr. Alvin L. Lagmay, for his kind assistance in the laboratory, and for being a good company. To Mr. Silvestre L. Abaya, for contributing ideas. We thank you all, for the short span of time we have spent with you, definitely those were the best days we ever had. A big thanks to Mrs. Rizalina T. Osorio, or simply Ate Sally. Thanks for the talks, laughter, and stories full of values and for the support, we simply owe you. From our OJT until now you became one of our sisters; we will never forget those great moments with you. To the staff of Nuclear Materials Research, Mrs. Marilyn Castillo, Mrs. Estrellita Tabora and Mrs Cristina Petarche. For letting us use the instruments we needed, for their assistance, suggestions and for their untiring services. Credit also goes to Mrs. Beatriz Magno of Bureau of soill and Water Management for allowing us to use their AAS for Chromium analysis for free. To Prof. Fely Salting, of College of Languages and Linguistics for reviewing and editing our thesis even without pay. Special thanks also extended to the Payatas Operation group headed by Engineer Egay Macabagdal, Engineer Louie Sabater and Sonny Oliquino. We thank you for helping us to secured samples from Payatas Dumpsite and for trusting us to continue and work on our thesis. To SP04 Faustino Ferrer of Station 6, thanks for all the necessary facts, and free ride in your car. This thesis owes its being to the administrative support from our dearest panelists, Dr. Loma T. Enerva, Engineer Elizabeth D. Muiioz and Engineer Liduvina C. Nery, to our Dean, Dr. Theresita V. Atienza, who shared ideas, comments and suggestions, that helped us a lot to be able to come up with a good thesis. This thesis would not be possible without the help and presence of our friends Bratz eg5ive-Rianne, Tonee, and Zylene for providing ongoing positive messages, suggestions and for the happy moments we've all shared. Thanks for everything! We will remain friends forever!! To Ronald Diaz for scanning our pictures, Jao Adriatico and Edgar l1reneo Adelante for printing some graphics in this work. To our beloved Sisters- Tere & Liza, Chareen. For all the help, for being such good critics, for all the love, care and understanding we thank you! !!! !!! To the authors' special someone, thank you for putting life in everything we do, for simply being there when we needed you most and for being one inspiration! To our thesis adviser, Dr. Ramona T. Tabang, thank you for all the ideas, together with criticisms which we take as challenges and which inspired us to improve and pursue our study. You bring out the best in us! iv Final thanks goes to BS Chemistry IV-2, where the finest people belong! For the wonderful four years we've spent together. Tanks, for being classmates, and good friends. Keep up all the good work guys. May God bless us all! See you in the near future. For all the people we forgot to mention, you know we didn't mean to... Thank you all! For being the raison d entre' of our work! Tintin &Vickie V TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Title i Approval Sheet ii Acknowledgement Mi Abstract vi Chapter I Introduction 1.1 General Introduction 1 1.2 Objectives 2 1.3 Significance of the Study 3 1.3 Scope and Delimitation 4 1.4 Definitions of Terms 5 Chapter II Review of Literature 2.1 Background 2.1.1 Payatas Dumpsite A. Its History 6 B. The Land 7 C. Dumpsite Problem 7 2.1.2 San Mateo Landfill A. Landfill Problem 7 B. San Mateo Landfill Ground Water! Waste Water Analysis 8 2.1.3 Past Study! Research 9 2.2 The Problem with Landfill 11 2.3 The Basic of Landfill 12 2.4 Heavy Metals 15 A. Copper 17 B. Nickel 19 C. Chromium 21 D. Lead 23 2.5 Instrumental Method Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry 25 Chapter III Experimental Method 3.1 General Outline 29 3.2 Procedures 3.2.1 Sampling 30 3.2.2 Sample Storage 30 3.2.3 Reagents 30 3.2.4 Glasswares 31 3.2.5 Pre-treatment of the Samples 31 3.2.6 Analysis 31 Chapter IV Results and Discussion 4.1 San Mateo Landfill Leachate 1995 33 4.2 San Mateo Landfill Leachate 1998 34 4.3 San Mateo Water Samples (Sapinit Deepwells 98) 35 4.4 San Mateo Water Samples (P. Bocaue Deepwells 98) 37 4.5 Payatas Dumpsite Leachate (Old) 38 4.6 Payatas Dumpsite Leachate (New) 39 4.7 Payatas Water Sample (Deepwell 2000) 41 4.8 Payatas Water Sample (Deepwell 2002) 42 4.9 Blank Samples 43 4.10 Standard Reference 44 Graph Chapter V Conclusion and Recommendation 45 Appendices A. Calculations B. Certifications C. Pictures References Curriculum Vitae LIST OF TABLES Page Table I Greenpeace Manila Landfill Leachate Results 10 Table 2 San Mateo Landfill Leachate 1995 33 Table 3 San Mateo Landfill Leachate 1998 34 Table 4 San Mateo Water Samples (Sapinit Deepwells 98) 35 Table 5 San Mateo Water Samples (P. Bocaue Deepwells 98) 37 Table 6 Payatas Dunmpsite Leachate, (Old) 38 Table 7 Payatas, Dumipsite Leachate (New) 39 Table 8 Payatas Water Sample (Deepwell. 2000) 41 Table 9 Payatas Water Sample (Deepwell 2002) 42 Table 10 Blank Samples 43 Table 1I Standard Reference 44 ABSTRACT This study was conducted to determine the concentration of heavy metals specifically Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb in Leachate and Water Samples taken from the open dumpsite of Payatas and San Mateo Landfill. The Leachate samples were collected from the maturation pond of San Mateo Landfill and from Payatas Open Dumpsite. The water samples were obtained from Pintong Bocaue and Sapinit Deep wells from San Mateo Landfill while for Payatas Dumpsite Deep well waters from the immediate vicinities were used. The sample obtained was then subjected to Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry for quantitative determination of the heavy metals. The results of the analysis of concentration of trace metals were expressed in mg/L or ppm. Vi I.INTRODUCTION 11 General Introduction "This is not a discussion of loud, electronic rock 'InI roll music, but one of impact to all people living in this day and age who are being exposed to heavy metals such as Lead, Chromium, Nickel and Copper. Though not normally found in or used by the human species, they are becoming more widely present in our environment, leading to serious concerns." We have air pollution, noise pollution and water pollution, and so what's next? Are they not enough to destroy one's life? Many individuals are not aware of some other possible sources of pollution which will continue to contribute hazard, harm and injuries to us. Aside from the pollution mentioned, another possible source is the landfill leachate or simply called leachate pollution.
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