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Payatas Landfill Gas to Energy Project in the Philippines
Project Design Document for PNOC EC Payatas Landfill Gas to Energy Project in the Philippines March 2004 Mitsubishi Securities Clean Energy Finance Committee 1 CONTENTS A. General Description of Project Activity 3 B. Baseline Methodology 12 C. Duration of the Project Activity / Crediting Period 23 D. Monitoring Methodology and Plan 24 E. Calculation of GHG Emissions by Sources 29 F. Environmental Impacts 35 G. Stakeholders Comments 36 Annexes Annex 1: Information on Participants in the Project Activity 37 Annex 2: Information Regarding Public Funding 39 Annex 3: New Baseline Methodology 40 Annex 4: New Monitoring Methodology 41 Annex 5: Baseline Data 42 Appendices Appendix 1: Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 42 Appendix 2: Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 52 Appendix 3: Philippine National Air Standards 54 Appendix 4: Calculation for Methane Used for Electricity Generation & Flaring 60 Appendix 5: Methane Used for Electricity Generation 62 Appendix 6: Details of Electricity Baseline and its Development 63 Appendix 7: Public Participation 66 2 A. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT ACTIVITY A.1 Title of the project activity PNOC Exploration Corporation (PNOC EC) Payatas Landfill Gas to Energy Project in the Philippines (the Project or the Project Activity) A.2 Description of the project activity The Project will utilize landfill gas (LFG), recovered from the Payatas dumpsite in Quezon City in the Philippines, for electricity generation. PNOC EC will install a gas extraction and collection system and build a 1 MW power plant in Payatas. The electricity generated by the Project will be sold to the Manila Electric Company (MERALCO), which services Metro Manila and is also the country’s largest utility company. -
THE PHILIPPINES, 1942-1944 James Kelly Morningstar, Doctor of History
ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: WAR AND RESISTANCE: THE PHILIPPINES, 1942-1944 James Kelly Morningstar, Doctor of History, 2018 Dissertation directed by: Professor Jon T. Sumida, History Department What happened in the Philippine Islands between the surrender of Allied forces in May 1942 and MacArthur’s return in October 1944? Existing historiography is fragmentary and incomplete. Memoirs suffer from limited points of view and personal biases. No academic study has examined the Filipino resistance with a critical and interdisciplinary approach. No comprehensive narrative has yet captured the fighting by 260,000 guerrillas in 277 units across the archipelago. This dissertation begins with the political, economic, social and cultural history of Philippine guerrilla warfare. The diverse Islands connected only through kinship networks. The Americans reluctantly held the Islands against rising Japanese imperial interests and Filipino desires for independence and social justice. World War II revealed the inadequacy of MacArthur’s plans to defend the Islands. The General tepidly prepared for guerrilla operations while Filipinos spontaneously rose in armed resistance. After his departure, the chaotic mix of guerrilla groups were left on their own to battle the Japanese and each other. While guerrilla leaders vied for local power, several obtained radios to contact MacArthur and his headquarters sent submarine-delivered agents with supplies and radios that tie these groups into a united framework. MacArthur’s promise to return kept the resistance alive and dependent on the United States. The repercussions for social revolution would be fatal but the Filipinos’ shared sacrifice revitalized national consciousness and created a sense of deserved nationhood. The guerrillas played a key role in enabling MacArthur’s return. -
Catharine J. Cadbury Papers HC.Coll.1192
William W. Cadbury and Catharine J. Cadbury papers HC.Coll.1192 This finding aid was produced using the Archivists' Toolkit February 23, 2012 Describing Archives: A Content Standard Haverford College Quaker & Special Collections 2011 370 Lancaster Ave Haverford, PA, 19041 610-896-1161 [email protected] William W. Cadbury and Catharine J. Cadbury papers HC.Coll.1192 Table of Contents Summary Information ................................................................................................................................. 3 William Warder Cadbury (1877-1959)......................................................................................................... 6 Catharine J. Cadbury (1884-1970)................................................................................................................ 6 Administrative Information .........................................................................................................................7 Related Materials ........................................................................................................................................ 7 Controlled Access Headings..........................................................................................................................7 Related Finding Aids.....................................................................................................................................9 Collection Inventory................................................................................................................................... -
2014 Estados Unidos ? Oportunidades Para Alimentos Bebidas E Agronegócios Brasileiros
ESTADOS UNIDOS PERFIL E OPORTUNIDADES COMERCIAIS PARA ALIMENTOS, BEBIDAS E AGRONEGÓCIOS 2014 1 Apex-Brasil Mauricio Borges PRESIDENTE Ricardo Santana DIRETOR DE NEGÓCIOS Tatiana Porto DIRETORA DE GESTÃO CORPORATIVA Marcos Tadeu Caputi Lélis GERENTE EXECUTIVO DE ESTRATÉGIA CORPORATIVA E NEGÓCIOS AUTORES DO ESTUDO: Leonardo Silva Machado Rafaela Alves Albuquerque GERÊNCIA DE INTELIGÊNCIA COMERCIAL E COMPETITIVA – APEX-BRASIL Mary Ann Ribeiro Blackburn SECOM DO CONSULADO DO BRASIL EM HOUSTON, TX Agradecimento especial à Embaixada do Brasil em Washington, aos SECOMs dos Consulados do Brasil em New York, Chicago e Houston pelo apoio logístico e informacional que possibilitou o sucesso da Missão Prospectiva de Inteligência Comercial nos Estados Unidos. E também aos colegas dos Escritórios da Apex- Brasil em São Francisco e em Miami, em especial ao Sr. Fernando Spohr que participou ativamente das reuniões durante a missão. Todos contribuíram com informações que enriqueceram este estudo. SEDE Setor Bancário Norte, Quadra 02, Lote 11, CEP 70.040-020 Brasília – DF Tel.: 55 (61) 3426-0202 Fax: 55 (61) 3426-0263 www.apexbrasil.com.br E-mail: [email protected] © 2014 Apex-Brasil Qualquer parte desta obra poderá ser reproduzida, desde que citada a fonte. 2 APRESENTAÇÃO Este estudo tem o intuito de fornecer informações às empresas brasileiras que pretendam acessar o mercado dos Estados Unidos. Além de apresentar um panorama socioeconômico, comercial e loGístico do país, o estudo destaca as principais oportunidades de exportação para as empresas brasileiras do complexo alimentos, bebidas e aGroneGócios que queiram atuar no mercado norte-americano. ÍNDICE PÁGINA SUMÁRIO EXECUTIVO PaG. 4 ASPECTOS GEOGRÁFICOS E SOCI OEC ONÔ MICOS PaG. -
Assessing the Effect of a Dumpsite to Groundwater Quality in Payatas, Philippines
American Journal of Environmental Sciences 4 (4): 276-280, 2008 ISSN 1553-345X © 2008 Science Publications Assessing the Effect of a Dumpsite to Groundwater Quality in Payatas, Philippines Glenn L. Sia Su Department of Biology, De La Salle University, Taft, Manila, Philippines Abstract: The study assessed and compared the groundwater quality of 14 selected wells continuously used in the with (Payatas) and without dumpsite (Holy Spirit) areas at the Payatas estate, Philippines. Water quality monitoring and analyses of the bio-physico-chemical variables (pH, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), total coliform, conductivity, salinity, nitrate-nitrogen, sulfate, color, total chromium, total lead and total cadmium) were carried out for six consecutive months, from April to September 2003, covering both dry and wet seasons. Results showed most of the groundwater quality variables in both the with and without dumpsite areas of the Payatas estate were within the normal Philippine water quality standards except for the observed high levels of TDS, TSS and total coliform and low pH levels. No significant differences were observed for nitrate- nitrogen, total cadmium, total lead, total chromium and total coliform in both the with and without dumpsite areas. TDS, conductivity, salinity and sulfate concentrations in the with dumpsite groundwater sources were significantly different compared to those in the without dumpsite areas. Continuous water quality monitoring is encouraged to effectively analyze the impact of dumpsites on the environment and human health. Key words: Water quality, environmental assessment INTRODUCTION concerns that the Novaliches Reservoir is now contaminated with toxic substances beyond safe The 15-ha Payatas open dumpsite is within the concentrations. -
The July 10 2000 Payatas Landfill Slope Failure
The July 10 2000 Payatas Landfill Slope Failure Navid H. Jafari, Doctoral Candidate, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana- Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; email: [email protected] Timothy D. Stark, Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana- Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; email: [email protected] Scott Merry, Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA; email: [email protected] ABSTRACT: This paper presents an investigation of the slope failure in the Payatas landfill in Quezon City, Philippines. This failure, which killed at least 330 persons, occurred July 10th 2000 after two weeks of heavy rain from two typhoons. Slope stability analyses indicate that the raised leachate level, existence of landfill gas created by natural aerobic and anaerobic degradation, and a significantly over-steepened slope contributed to the slope failure. The Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP) model was used to predict the location of the leachate level in the waste at the time of the slope failure for analysis purposes. This paper presents a description of the geological and environmental conditions, identification of the critical failure surface, and slope stability analyses to better understand the failure and present recommendations for other landfills in tropical areas. In addition, this case history is used to evaluate uncertainty in parameters used in back-analysis of a landfill slope failure. KEYWORDS: Landfills, Failure investigations, Slope stability, Shear strength, Gas formation, Leachate, Leachate recirculation, Pore pressures. SITE LOCATION: IJGCH-database.kmz (requires Google Earth) INTRODUCTION At approximately 4:30 am Manila local time (MLT) on July 10th 2000, a slope failure occurred in the Payatas Landfill in Quezon City, Philippines. -
The Philippines in the Coffee Global Value Chain
THE PHILIPPINES IN THE COFFEE COFFEEGLOBAL VALUE CHAIN APRIL 2017 This research was prepared by the Duke University Center on Globalization, Governance and Competitiveness (Duke CGGC) on behalf of the USAID/Philippines, through the Science, Technology, Research and Innovation for Development (STRIDE) Program. This study is part of the Philippines Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) Board of Investment (BOI) Roadmap Initiative for the revitalization of the manufacturing industry in the Philippines. The report is based on both primary and secondary information sources. In addition to interviews with firms operating in the sector and supporting institutions, the report draws on secondary research and information sources. The project report is available at www.cggc.duke.edu. Acknowledgements Duke CGGC would like to thank all of the interviewees, who gave generously of their time and expertise, as well as Richard Umali of the USAID Advancing Philippine Competitiveness (COMPETE) Project for his extensive support. The Duke University Center on Globalization, Governance & Competitiveness undertakes client- sponsored research that addresses economic and social development issues for governments, foundations and international organizations. We do this principally by utilizing the global value chain (GVC) framework, created by Founding Director Gary Gereffi, and supplemented by other analytical tools. As a university-based research center, we address clients’ real world questions with transparency and rigor. www.cggc.duke.edu Center on Globalization, Governance & Competitiveness, Duke University © April 2017 The Philippines in the Coffee Global Value Chain FINAL DRAFT FOR REVIEW April 2017 Prepared by Penny Bamber, Jack Daly and Gary Gereffi Center on Globalization, Governance & Competitiveness, Duke University Prepared for USAID/Philippines This study is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). -
Stability Problems of Landfills – the Payatas Landslide
Stability problems of landfills – The Payatas landslide Dr.-Ing. Florian Koelsch Dr. Koelsch Geoevironmental Technology LLC Gliesmaroder Strasse 100, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany [email protected] Abstract: Stability of landfills for MSW has been a problem for years. In July 2000, a slope at the Payatas dumpsite (Philippines) failed. More than 200 people were killed. Supported by the Asian Development Bank a forensic evaluation has been conducted. One major reason for the landslide could be identified: The waste density was too low. The low density allowed a high rate of water percolation instead of getting drained by surface flow. The water reduced the shear strength by mobilizing pore water pressure and triggered finally the failure. The reasons for the low waste density are a combination of lack of development (poverty) and industrial production creating a very light waste („American waste“), which is reluctant to conventional compaction methodes. As a keystone measure a biological pretreatment has been proposed to improve the geotechnical situation at Payatas dumpsite. Keywords: landfill stability, biological treatment, settlements, water balance, dranage system Introduction Stability of landfills is one of the major geotechnical tasks in landfill design and operation. Stability has been a problem for years. Inhomogenious waste composition, difficulties in determining waste strength parameters and a lack of knowledge about the principles of waste mechanics resulted in considerable uncertainties in stability calculations. In the early 90ies the German government has spent a lot of efforts to investigate waste mechanics. Meanwhile, the landfill stability in Germany seems to be a solved problem, even extreme slope geometries were constructed during remediation and mining measures at German landfills. -
Disastrous Wreck at Five Mile Point
>_niu-A>n*'$W^ Uaily Edition No. 1220 NELSON, BRITISH COLUMBIA, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 19, 1901 Eleventh Year of the department to have oral hear building filled quickly and it was PHILIPPINE ings on matters of this kind. He in- immediately seen that the trouble wus j Minuted that lie would enterluin a WILL WORK DISASTROUS WRECK coming. Cheers were raised for( LEGISLATION written argument. "Joe" and a white flag was unfurled aind deafening shouts of "traitor" as FOR PEACE TELEGRAPH CO. EXPLAINS. AT FIVE MILE POINT Dr. Lloyd George and his friends ap peared on the platform. All attempts Congress Makes Regulations I Marconi Had Decided to Cease Experi at speech making were futile owing! Labor and Capitalistic Lead ments liefcre They Took Action. to the oontinuance direction of hiss-, for Customs and New York, Dec. 18.—The solicitors ing, hooting and siuging. In the| of the Anlgo-Ainerican Telesrnph ers in Joint Confer Trade. meantime the enormous crowd outside compnny have made public the follow Heavy Freight Train Gets Beyond Control the building bad become more noisy ence. ing statement: There seems to be and more menacing. Presently a some misapprehension as to the action and Speeds Down Grade at Seventy stone came through a window, this Commission Outlines Scheme of our clients, the Anglo-American caused a stampede among the occu Telegraph Company, limited, with Miles an Hour. pants of the gallery, from this time Provision Made to Settle for Self Govern respect to the experiments in wireless forward pandemonium reigned in the telegraphy recently carried out at St. -
Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction Du Branch Patrimoine De I'edition
SUCCESSFUL STRATEGIES TO GENERATE COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: THREE CASE STUDIES IN THE PHILIPPINES By Agueda C. Mosqueda A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Department of Sociology and Equity Studies in Education Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto ©Copyright by Agueda C. Mosqueda 2008 Library and Bibliotheque et 1*1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-45229-5 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-45229-5 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par Plntemet, prefer, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non sur support microforme, papier, electronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. this thesis. Neither the thesis Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels de nor substantial extracts from it celle-ci ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement may be printed or otherwise reproduits sans son autorisation. -
Too Poor to Care?
TV 004 SVT 004 Tutor: AU Department of Political Science Too Poor To Care? Pro-poor Solid Waste Management in Manila ( Tondo, Manila Karolina Huss ) Karolina Huss TV 004 SVT 004 Tutor: AU Department of Political Science Abstract This study of pro-poor solid waste management (conducted in Manila 2006) look at waste both as a health problem and as a livelihood for the poor. Pro-poor solid waste management policies optimize social- environmental- and economic benefits for the poor. In practice, this means creating job-security for informal waste-pickers (scavengers), establish subsidies to community based recycling schemes and empower local leadership structures. The formalization process in the Philippines have undermined scavengers’ traditional safety nets and “hijacked” informal bonding (micro-level) social capital to the benefit of institutionalised (maso-level) social capital. Along with health and cleanliness aspects, creating “cash from trash” is the foremost incentive for urban poor communities to participate in a Community- based Solid Waste Management (CBSWM) project. The projects can create social capital for the poor through community mobilisation and vertical bridging- and linking networks established in barangay’s (local administration) Multisectoral Waste Management Committees (MSWMC) or recycling cooperatives. Communities need to be given local ownership of the projects through real decision-making capacities. Keywords: Community Development, Poverty, Solid Waste Management, Social Capital, the Philippines Number of characters: 70 600 For correspondence, contact author via e-mail on: [email protected] . Acknowledgements This study is dedicated to the people of Manila, who have a contagiously joyful outlook on life; one that I hope to retain a glimpse of forever. -
UNITED STATES SECURITIES and EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 8-K CURRENT REPORT Pursuant to Section 13 OR 15(d) of The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): July 8, 2006 KRAFT FOODS INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Virginia 001-16483 52-2284372 (State or other jurisdiction (Commission (IRS Employer of incorporation) File Number) Identification No.) Three Lake Drive, Northfield, Illinois 60093-2753 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (847) 646-2000 (Former name or former address, if changed since last report.) Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions: o Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425) o Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12) o Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b)) o Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c)) Item 1.01. Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement. On July 8, 2006, Kraft Foods International, Inc. (“KFI”) and Nabisco Euro Holdings Ltd. (“NEH”), wholly owned subsidiaries of Kraft Foods Inc. (“Kraft”), entered into an Agreement Relating to United Biscuits Southern Europe (the “Agreement”) with United Biscuits Group (Investments) Limited, Deluxestar Limited, UB Overseas Limited and UB Investments (Netherlands) B.V.