Metz, C. 450-C. 750. 2 Volumes (Vol. I: Text)
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Civitas Me di oma t ri corum: Sett 1 ement and Social Organisation in the Merovingiarz Region of Metz, c. 450-c. 750. 2 Volumes (Vol. i: Text). Guy Richard William Halsall. D. Phil., University of York, Department of History. Submitted September 1990. BEST COPY AVAILABLE Variable print quality Contents. Contents. P. i List of diagrams. P. V 'Acknowledgements. p. ix Declaration. p. xi Abstract. p, xii Abbreviations. p. xiii Note on references. p. xv Note on diagrams. p, xv Part 1. Introduction and Background. p. 1 Ch. 1 Introduction. p. 1 1. Introduction. p. 1 2. The historical evidence. p. 5 3. The archaeological evidence. p. 8 4. The toponymic evidence. p. 13 5. Other evidence. p. 17 a. Numismatic and Epigraphic. p. 17 b. Geographical. p. 17 Ch. 2 Theory and Methodology. p. 21 1. The study of Merovingian archaeology in Lorraine: a critique. p. 21 2. The interrelation and integration of different disciplines. p. 25 3. A critique of past archaeological work on cemeteries. p. 30 4. Social Organisation. p. 44 5. Urbanism and settlement hierarchy. P. 50 Ch. 3 Background. p. 59 1. Geographical background. p. 59 2. The Gallo-Roman background. P. 61 a. Metz. p. 61 b. The vici. p. 63 c. Rural settlement. p. 66 d. Social organisation. p. 67 3. Historical background. p. 68 a. Political history. p. 69 b. Ecclesiastical history. p. 72 c. Administration. p. 76 d. The problem of Frankish settlement. p. 77 Part 2. Settlement. p. 79 Ch. 4 Rural Settlement. p. 79 1. The problem. p. 79 2. The historical evidence 1. The Wissembourg charters. P. 81 3. The historical evidence 2. The Gorze charters, p. 87 4. The historical evidence 3. Other evidence, p. 92 5. The historical evidence 4. Conclusions and problems. p. 94 -i- 6. The archaeological evidence. p. 97 7. Other evidence: Toponymic and numismatic. P. 112 8. Conclusions. p. 113 Ch. 5. Intermediate-Order Settlements: Castra, Vici, Palaces and Monasteries. P. 119 1. Introduction. P. 119 2. Lesser vici. P. 120 3. The castra. P. 123 a. Le H6raple. p. 123 b. Saarbrücken. p. 124 c. Sarrebourg. p. 125 d. Scarponne. p. 127 e. Tarquimpol. p. 129 4. The vici. p. 131 a. Marsal. p. 131 b. Moyenvic. p. 133 c. Vic-sur-Seille. p. 134 5. Palaces and monasteries. p. 135 6. Conclusions. p. 138 Ch. 6. Urbanism in Metz (1). The Decline of the Roman Town. p. 141 1. Introduction. p. 141 2. The walls. p. 141 3. The great amphitheatre. p. 144 4. St. Pierre-aux-Nonnains. p. 146 5. The remainder of the town. p. 153 6. The problem of late antique decay. p. 157 Ch. 7. Urbanism in Metz (2). The Hiatus. p. 171 1. Evidence for the fifth and early sixth centuries. p. 171 2. A problem. The sack of Metz. p. 174 3. Settlement shift at Metz. An explanatory model. p. 180 4. The transfer of the cathedral. p. 188 Ch. 8. Urbanism in Metz (3). The Recovery of Metz. p. 192 1. The later sixth century. p. 192 2. The seventh and early eighth centuries. P. 195 3. The revival of Metz. p. 207 4. The character of Metz c. 550 - c. 750. p. 214 Part 3. Social Organisation. p. 224 Ch. 9. The Historical Evidence. p. 224 1. Introduction. p. 224 2. Social hierarchy. p. 224 3. 'Horizontal' and 'diagonal' links and barriers. p. 240 a. Kinship and the family. p. 240 b. Gender and age. p. 241 c. Fictive kinship systems. p. 253 Ch. 10. Creating a Model: The Cemeteries of the Merovingian Ci vi tas of Metz. P. 258 1. Ennery 'Les Trois Arbres'. p. 259 -ii- a. Chronology. p. 259 b. Associations between artefacts and gender. P. 259 c. Associations between artefacts and age. p. 262 d. Artefact shape and size. p. 266 i. Scramasaxes. p. 267 ii. Ceramics. p. 267 iii. Glassware. p. 268 iv. Other objects. p. 269 e. Unfurnished graves. p. 270 f. Arrangement of the Grave. p. 270 g. Skeletal arrangement. p. 273 h. Grave Structures. p. 273 i. Cemetery Lay-Out. p. 274 J. The Double Grave. p. 276 k. The Pit. p. 277 1. Prestige graves. p. 277 2. The other sites of the civitas of Metz. p. 282 a. Altheim 'am Knopp' p. 283 b. Berthelming 'Alt Schloss'. p. 284 c. Bettborn 'Bienenzaun', p. 285 d. Bouzonville 'Au-dessus du four ä chaux'. p. 286 288 e. Güdingen ' Fronfeld' . p. f. Hayange 'Fordt d'Hamdvillers'. p. 291 g. Moyeuvre-Grande 'Kleiner Vogesenberg'. p. 292 h. Walsheim 'am Dorf' and Wittersheim 'vor dem langen Zaun'. p. 293 i. Other sites. p. 295 3. A provisional descriptive model of funerary practice in the civitas of Metz. p. 298 Chapter 11. Testing the Model. Cemeteries outside the civitas of Metz. p. 300 1. Introduction. p. 300 2. Chaouilley 'Aux Ecailles'. p. 301 3. Lavoye 'Le Haie des Vaches'. p. 307 4. Dieue-sur-Meuse 'La Potence'. p. 327 5. Audun-le-Tiche ' Bois de Butte'. p. 334 6. A descriptive model. p. 347 Part 4. p. 349 Chapter 12. Conclusions. p. 349 1. Analytical models of social organisation in the region of Metz, c. 450-c. 600. p. 349 2. Town and country, c. 450-c. 600. p. 373 3. Social change around 600 AD. p. 376 4. Assessment. p. 381 Volume 2. Appendices. p. 384 Appendix 1. Historical Appendices. p. 384 1. a. Paul the Deacon's Book of the Bishops of Metz. Translation. p. 385 -iii- 1. b. Hand-list of the Merovingian charters of the region of Metz. p. 395 1. c. List of other charters consulted. p. 411 Appendix 2. Archaeological Appendices. p. 413 2. a. Catalogue of Merovingian cemetery sites in the civitas of Metz. p. 414 2. b. Catalogue of early medieval settlement sites in the civitas of Metz. p. 512 2. c. Catalogue of archaeological sites in Metz. p. 517 2. d. Methodology used in the analysis of cemeteries. p. 528 2. e. The dating of the churches of Metz. p. 536 2. f. The excavation of the selected cemeteries outside the civitas of Metz: Chaouilley, Lavoye, Dieue- sur-Meuse and Audun-le-Tiche. p. 538 Diagrams. p. 546 Bibliography. p. 679 A. Primary sources. p. 680 B. Secondary sources. p. 683 -iv- List of Diagrams. 1.1 The Civitas of Metz. 1.2 The Region of Metz. 1.3 The Cemeteries of the Civitas of Metz. 1.4 Date-Span of the evidence. 1.5 Distribution of place-name suffixes, by commune, in the part of thecivitas of Metz now in France. 3.1 Physical geography. 3.2 Watercourses. 3.3 Metz, c. 100-c-250. 3.4 The vici of the civitas of Metz. 3.5 The castra of the civitas of Metz. 3.6 Le Hdraple. 3.7 a. Saarbrücken. b. Sarrebourg. 3.8 a. Scarponne. b. Tarquimpol. 3.9 Roman Settlement in the civitas of Metz. 3,10 Merovingian administration of the civitas of Metz. 4.1 Places mentioned in chapter 4. 4.2 The Seille valley survey. 4.3 Lands of Wissembourg and Gorze abbeys, 661-864. 4.4 Eply-Raucourt, Le 'Haut de Villers'. 4.5 a. Sixth-century sites. b. Seventh-century sites. 4.6 The workings of an eighth-century estate: Quincy 770. 4.7 The rural settlement pattern according to the charters. a. Wissembourg. b. Gorze. 4.8 The development of the rural settlement pattern, c. 100-c. 800: A model. 4.9 Settlement terminology. 5.1 Sites mentioned in chapter 5. 5.2 Merovingian Saarbrücken. 5.3 Merovingian Sarrebourg. 5.4 Merovingian Scarponne. 5.5 Merovingian Tarquimpol. 5.6 Merovingian monasteries in the civitas of Metz. 6.1 The Roman walls of Metz. 6.2 A seventeenth-century engraving of the small amphitheatre. 6.3 Archaeomagnetic dating of St. Pierre-aux-Nonnains: Results. 6.4 Metz, 270-350. 6.5 Metz, 350-400. 7.1 Metz, 400-500. 7.2 Metz, 500-550. 7.3 The Hunnish campaign in Lorraine, 451, according to Paul the Deacon. -V- 8.1 Metz, 550-600. 8.2 Metz, 600-700. 8.3 Metz, 700-750. 9.1 Aristocratic estates in the eastern civitas of Metz, 699-737. 9.2 The Lands of St. Stephen's cathedral, Metz, and Wissembourg Abbey, 684-c. 750. 10.1 Sites mentioned in chapter 10. 10.2 Ennery: Location. 10.3 Ennery: Site plan. 10.4 Ennery: Artefact-associations. 10.5 Ennery: Grave assemblages: Checking sex predictions. 10.6 Ennery: Grave seriation. 10.7 Ennery: Association between object-type and age-group. 10.8 Ennery: Age and sex predictions for disturbed graves. 10.9 Ennery: Analysis of pot-shape and gender. 10.10 Ennery: Relationship between grave-groups and grave-layout, etc. 10.11 Ennery: Distribution of grave-types. 10.12 Ennery: Distribution of skeletal position. 10.13 Ennery: Distribution of male and female graves. 10.14 Ennery: Average no. of grave-goods in male graves, by age-group. 10.15 Ennery: No. of object-types in male graves, by age-group. 10.16 Ennery: Prestige graves. 10.17 Altheim: Plan. 10.18 Berthelming: State of excavations in 1948. 10.19 Bettborn: Plan. 10.20 Hayange: State of excavations in 1910. 10.21 Hayange: Artefact-associations. 10.22 Hayange: Grave seriation, and sex prediction. 10.23 Moyeuvre-Grande: Plan. 10.24 Walsheim: Artefact-associations. 10.25 Wittersheim: Plan. 10.26 Lavish Graves (1). Graves with shield-boss, spur or item of horse-harness. 10.27 Lavish Graves (2). Graves with shield-boss, spur, item of horse- harness, bronze bowl angon or balances, and horse-burials.