Class 8 Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical Modi- 8 - 1 Fication of Textiles and Fibers

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Class 8 Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical Modi- 8 - 1 Fication of Textiles and Fibers CLASS 8 BLEACHING AND DYEING; FLUID TREATMENT AND CHEMICAL MODI- 8 - 1 FICATION OF TEXTILES AND FIBERS 400 MEASURING, TESTING, OR INSPECTING 439 .Logwood DYE PROCESS 440 DYE RECOVERY PROCESS, OTHER THAN 401 USING ENZYMES, DYE PROCESS, NOMINAL RECOVERY COMPOSITION, OR PRODUCT OF 441 PROCESS OF COLOR RENOVATING A DYEING DYED PRODUCT 402 WOOD DYEING PROCESS 442 COLOR PROTECTING PROCESS FOR DYED 403 FUGITIVE DYE COMPOSITION, PROCESS PRODUCT OR PRODUCT 443 WEIGHTING PROCESS (LOADING SILK 404 DYEING INVOLVING ANIMAL-DERIVED WITH METAL SALTS) NATURAL FIBER MATERIAL (OTHER 444 DYEING PROCESS UTILIZING THAN SOLELY WOOL OR SILK), ELECTRIC, MAGNETIC, OR WAVE E.G., LEATHER, FUR, HAIR, ENERGY; OR PRODUCT THEREOF FEATHERS, ETC., COMPOSITION, 445 PROCESS OF PRINTING PERMANENTLY PROCESS, OR PRODUCT ON SUBSTRATE, OTHER THAN 405 .Hair dyeing NOMINAL PRINTING, USING PRINT 406 ..Oxidation dye PASTE CONTAINING DISCHARGE 407 ...With dye other than oxidation MATERIAL, RESIST MATERIAL, OR dye DYE MATERIAL; OR STENCIL 408 ...Plural dyes or dye and DYEING coupling agent 446 .Resist or reserve 409 ....Heterocyclic amine dye 447 ..Wax 410 ....Paradiaminobenzene dye 448 ..Chemically modified local areas 411 .....With metadiaminobenzene dye 449 ..Reactive dye 412 .....With aminophenol dye 450 ..Oxidation dye, e.g., aniline, 414 ...Nitroaniline dye nitroaniline, etc. 415 ....Nitrophenylenediamine dye 451 ..Azo dye component ground 416 ...Aryldiamine dye 452 ..Mordant dye, e.g., dye with a 421 ...Aminophenol dye metal chelating group, etc. 423 ...Aminoheterocyclic dye 453 ..Vat dye or sulfur dye, e.g., quinonic or indigoid reducible 424 ...Phenols (natural oxidation dye, sulfur organic reaction dye) product dye, etc. 425 ..Mordant, solvent dye formation 454 ..Basic dye, including or metallized azo dye diphenylmethane, 426 ..Basic dye, including triphenylmethane, xanthene, diphenylmethane, fluorene, methine, acridine, triphenylmethane, xanthene, oxazine, phenazine, flavylium, fluorene, methine, acridine, napthoperinone, oxazine, phenazine, flavylium, quinophthalone, quaternary naphthoperinone, ammonium group, etc., quinophthalone, quaternary containing ammonium group, etc., 455 ..Acid (including direct) dye, containing e.g., sulfonated, sulfamated, 428 ..Dye reactive with hair etc. 429 ..Developed on the hair 456 ..Disperse dye 431 ..With fluid treatment, e.g., 457 .Discharge utilized bleaching with dyeing, etc. 458 ..Chemically modified local areas 432 ...-S-S- bond disruption, e.g., 459 ..Oxidation dye, e.g., aniline, use of thioglycolates, etc. nitroaniline, etc. 433 ...Swelling of hair 460 ..Mordant dye 435 ..Solvent assisted dyeing 436 .Leather dyeing 437 ..Azo dye 438 PROCESS OF EXTRACTING OR PURIFYING OF NATURAL DYE December 2000 8 - 2 CLASS 8 BLEACHING AND DYEING; FLUID TREATMENT AND CHEMICAL MODI­ FICATION OF TEXTILES AND FIBERS 461 ..Vat dye or sulfur dye, e.g., 483 .Random pattern effect, e.g., quinonic or indigoid space dyeing, etc. reducible, or sulfur organic 484 ..Differential diffusion compound reaction product dye, 485 .Two or more sequential dye etc. application steps 462 ..Basic dye, including 486 .Direct contact with applicator diphenylmethane, 487 ..Roller or disc triphenylmethane, xanthene, 488 BONDING OF PREFORM, E.G., fluorene, methine, acridine, FLOCKING, ETC., WITH DYEING, oxazine, phenazine, flavylium, PROCESS OR PRODUCT naphthoperinone, 489 DRAWING OR STRETCHING OF PREFORM quinophthalone, quaternary WITH DYEING, PROCESS OR ammonium group, etc., PRODUCT containing 490 PROCESS OF PRESERVING SUBSTRATE 463 ..Acid (including direct) dye, COMBINED WITH DYEING OR e.g., sulfonated, sulfamated, PRODUCT THEREOF, E.G., etc. BIOCIDAL OR FIRE RETARDANT 464 ..Disperse dye TREATMENT, ETC. 465 .Vat dye or sulfur dye, e.g., 491 OVERALL DIMENSIONAL MODIFICATION quinonic or indigoid reducible OR STABILIZATION, E.G., dye, sulfur organic compound CREPING, ETC., INCLUDING USE reaction product dye, etc. OF CHEMICAL ADDITIVE TO FORM 466 .Azo dye AT LEAST A TEMPORARY 467 DIFFUSION TRANSFER DYEING COMPOSITION, WITH DYEING PROCESS, TRANSFER SHEET AND PROCESS PRODUCT 492 .Solvent treatment of synthetic 468 .Release layer utilized fibers 469 .Steam 493 .Modification of molecular 470 .Dry heat treatment for structure of substrate by penetration chemical means, e.g., cross- 471 ..Sublimation linking of substrate, 472 ...Air pressure hydrolysis of substrate, etc. 473 SUBAMBIENT TEMPERATURE DYEING 494 NOMINAL TEXTILE MANUFACTURE PROCESS, I.E., LESS THAN 20 PROCESS COMBINED WITH DYEING DEGREES C. 495 COATING OR SIZING WITH DYEING 474 REACTIVE GAS OR REACTIVE VAPOR PROCESS OR PRODUCT UTILIZED IN DYE PROCESS 496 .Aminoplast or aminoplast 475 CONFINED GAS PHASE precursor coating SUPERATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE 497 FORMING, SHAPING, OR RESHAPING DYEING PROCESS (OTHER THAN WITH DYEING PROCESS OR PRODUCT STEAM BELOW 138 DEGREES C.) 498 PROCESS OF DYEING INVOLVING DRY 476 .Steam (at 138 degrees C. or POWDER APPLICATION above) 499 SPRAY-DYEING PROCESS 477 FOAM DYE COMPOSITION OR PROCESS 500 DYEING PROCESS UTILIZING 478 PATTERN EFFECT DYEING, PROCESS, MECHANICAL PRESSURE, E.G., COMPOSITIONS, OR PRODUCTS PRESSES, ETC. 479 .Discontinuous or 501 TWO-PHASE SYSTEM DYEING multidirectional movement of COMPOSITION OR PROCESS substrate 502 REPLENISHMENT OR REPLACEMENT OF 480 .Cross dyeing SAME BATH LIQUOR IN DYEING 481 ..Mixture of treated and PROCESS untreated individual fibers 503 DYEING PROCESS INVOLVING BURNING 482 .Suppress dyeing, e.g., fold, OF REAGENTS twist, wrinkle, etc. December 2000 CLASS 8 BLEACHING AND DYEING; FLUID TREATMENT AND CHEMICAL MODI- 8 - 3 FICATION OF TEXTILES AND FIBERS 504 PROCESS INVOLVING PLURAL 529 MULTIPLE CHEMICALLY DIVERSE APPLICATION STEPS WITH SAME FIBERS OR FIBERS WITH DYE DIFFERENT CROSS SECTION, 505 DIFFERENTIAL FLUID PRESSURE PROCESS OF DYEING OR PRODUCT ASSISTED DYEING PROCESS, E.G., 530 .Resisting a fiber AIR PRESSURE, VACUUM, ETC. 531 .Synthetic polyamide 506 NONTEXTILE, DYEING PROCESS OR 532 .Polyester fiber and cellulose PRODUCT, INCLUDING INORGANIC fiber FIBER 533 .Polyster fiber and wool or silk 507 .Contact lens fiber 508 .Vinyl chloride polymer substrate 534 .Polyacrylonitrile fiber 509 .Acrylate polymer substrate 535 PHENOL-ALDEHYDE FIBER DYEING 510 .Acrylonitrile polymer substrate COMPOSITION, PROCESS, OR DYED 511 ..Contains basic addition PRODUCT comonomer, e.g., vinyl 536 FIBER DERIVED FROM SAPONIFIED pyridine, etc. CELLULOSE ESTERS OR FROM 512 .Polymer from polyol and a NITROCELLULOSE CONVERTED TO polycarboxylic acid or CELLULOSE, DYE COMPOSITION, derivative substrate PROCESS, OR PRODUCT 513 .Olefin polymer substrate or 537 MERCERIZED CELLULOSE FIBER OR rubber PARCHMENTIZED CELLULOSE FIBER 514 ..Styrene polymer DYEING COMPOSITION, PROCESS, 515 .Polymer from isocyanate and OR PRODUCT polyol, e.g., polyurethane, 538 GELLED FIBER-DYEING PROCESS OR etc., substrate PRODUCT 516 .Amide polymer substrate 539 SYNTHETIC FIBER PRODUCED FROM 517 ..Natural polyamide, e.g., MATERIAL WHICH CONTAINS casein, gelatin, keratin, PENDANT -COO-, -(O=)S(=O)-O-, collagen, etc. -O-(O=)P(=O)-O-, PYRIDINO, 518 .Cellulose substrate other than DIALKYLAMINOALKYL-, OR paper QUATERNARY AMMONIUM RADICAL, 519 ..Cellulose ester or cellulose DYEING PROCESS OR PRODUCT ether 540 .Quaternary ammonium, pyridino, 520 .Phenol-aldehyde resin substrate or dialkylaminoalkyl 521 .Oil, fat, wax, or gasoline 541 ACYLATING AGENT OR CROSS-LINKER dyeing DYE ADDITIVE, COMPOSITION, 522 .Inorganic substrate PROCESS, OR PRODUCT 523 ..Silica or calcareous substrate, 542 .Pretreatment of substrate e.g., glass, etc. 543 REACTIVE DYE COMPOSITION, 524 DRY DYE COMPOSITION OTHER THAN PROCESS, OR PRODUCT MERE MIXTURE OF TWO OR MORE 544 .1,2-epoxy terminal group dye or DYES ALONE OR PROCESS OF Halohydroxdye, e.g., -CH(OH)- MAKING CHCl containing 525 .Dye soap or detergent 546 .Thiosulfato group containing dye 526 .Dye in specified form other than 547 .Quaternary ammonium group mere powder containing dye 527 DYE CONCENTRATE COMPOSITION 548 .Alkylene phosphate or phosphite WHEREIN AN ADDITIONAL AMOUNT dye OF A CONSTITUENT OF THE 549 .Alkylene sulfato, halotriazine, COMPOSITION MUST BE ADDED halodiazine, haloquinoxaline, BEFORE USE or halopyrimidine dye 528 .Highly viscous dye concentrate, e.g., paste, etc. December 2000 8 - 4 CLASS 8 BLEACHING AND DYEING; FLUID TREATMENT AND CHEMICAL MODI­ FICATION OF TEXTILES AND FIBERS 550 ORGANIC ADDITIVE FOR DYE 573 ..Hetero N ring contains at least COMPOSITION, DYE COMPOSITION two nitrogen hetero atoms CONTAINING ORGANIC ADDITIVE, (including hydrogenated) PROCESS OR PRODUCT; OTHER THAN 574 .Five-membered hetero ring EMULSIFIER, PH ADJUSTER OR consisting of one nitrogen and STARCH OR GUM PRINT PASTE four carbon atoms THICKENER 575 .Sulfur-containing hetero ring 551 .Ethylenimine or polymer thereof 576 .Oxygen-containing hetero ring or polyalkylene polyamine 577 ..Furyl (including hydrogenated) 552 .Polymeric additive 578 ..Lactones 553 ..Derived from vinyl pyrrolidone 579 ..Hetero ring is six-membered or vinyl pyridine consisting of one oxygen and 554 ..Cationic polymer, e.g., five carbons aminated polymer without -COO­ 580 .Fats, higher fatty acids or , -(O=)S(=O)-, -O (O=)P(=O)-O­ esters, oils or waxes, other groups, e.g., polyacrylamide, than nitrogen containing etc. 581 .Silicon-containing 555 ...Acrylamide or 582 .Carboxylic acid esters, dialkylaminoalkylacrylate cyanates, isocyanates, or polymer sulfur analogues thereof 556 ...Cyanamide- or dicyandiamide­ 583 ..Aromatic formaldehyde polymer 584 .Phosphorus-containing 557 ..Acid polymer, e.g., 585 .Ureas,
Recommended publications
  • Article Download
    wjpls, 2019, Vol. 5, Issue 2, 73-79 Research Article ISSN 2454-2229 Ali et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical World Journal and Life of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Life Sciences WJPLS www.wjpls.org SJIF Impact Factor: 5.008 MODIFICATION OF WOOL AND SILK FIBERS BY PRETREATMENT WITH QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALT AND DYEING WITH NEW METAL COMPLEX DYE N.F.Ali*, E.M.EL-Khatib and Saadia A. Abd El-Megied Textile Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt. *Corresponding Author: Dr. N. F. Ali Textile Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt. Mail ID: [email protected] Article Received on 11/12/2018 Article Revised on 02/01/2019 Article Accepted on 23/01/2019 ABSTRACT Our present study focuses mainly on the synthesis and dyeing of azo metal complex on silk and wool fibers. The present paper describes the synthesis of a new metal complex acid dye obtained from the reaction of acid red 151 2+ 1 with a metallic ion (Co ), and its structure was confirmed by HNMR and IR spectroscopy. The pretreatment of silk and wool fibers by quaternary ammonium salt was carried out by conventional and microwave methods. The absorbance of the original and residual dye in the dye bath calculated from dye exhaustion. The color data of untreated and pretreated silk and wool fibers at different conditions was calculated. The fastness properties of washing, rubbing, perspiration and light to dyed fibers have been measured. KEYWORDS: Synthesis dye, metal complex, wool fiber, silk fiber. INTRODUCTION research (Gaber et al., 2007; Patel et al., 2010; Kaim, 2002), the most common being those containing a hetero Azo dyes and their derivatives have attracted growing nitrogen atom in a position adjacent to the azo group interest over the years because of their versatile (Patel et al.,2011; Karcı, 2013).
    [Show full text]
  • Wool Fiber Dyeing Machine Operator Course Code: TC WOOL 04
    Government of India Ministry of Textiles Textiles Committee Course Name: Wool Fiber Dyeing Machine Operator Course Code: TC WOOL 04 Version: 01 Developed by: Resource Support Agency (RSA), Textiles Committee, Ministry of Textiles, Government of India TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Basic Textile Wet Processing Terms . 01 2. Brief of all Wet Processing Stages . 06 2.1. Grey Fabric Inspection . 07 2.2. Stitching . 07 2.3. Brushing . 07 2.4. Shearing/Cropping . 07 2.5. Singeing . 07 2.6. Desizing . 08 2.7. Scouring . 08 2.8. Bleaching . 09 2.10. Heat Setting . 09 2.11. Dyeing . 09 2.12. Printing . 11 2.13. Finishing . 11 2.14. Quality Assurance Laboratory . 12 2.15. Effluent Treatment Plant . 12 3. Introduction to Wool . 13 3.1. What is Wool? . 13 3.2. Types of Wool . 13 4. Composition of Wool . 15 4.1. Chemical Structure of Wool . 15 4.2. Morphological Structure of Wool . 16 5. Properties of Wool . 18 5.1. Physical properties of wool . 18 5.2. Chemical Properties of Wool . 19 5.3. End-Use Properties of Wool . 20 5.3.1 Uses and Application of Wool Fibres . 21 5.3.2 End Uses of Wool Fibres . 21 6. Wool Manufacturing Process . 22 Course: Wool Fiber Dyeing Machine Operator Developed by: Textiles Committee, Ministry of Textiles, Govt. of India 6.1. Flow Chart of Wool Processing . 22 6.2. Wool Manufacturing Processes . 22 6.2.1. Shearing . 23 6.2.2. Grading and Sorting . 23 6.2.3. Cleaning and Scouring . 24 6.2.4. Carding . 24 6.2.5.
    [Show full text]
  • Innovation Spotlight the Sustainable Revolution in Jeans Manufacture
    Innovation Spotlight ADVANCED DENIM The sustainable revolution Issue: Spring 2012 in jeans manufacture Innovative dyeing process spares the environment, offers greater color variety and higher quality Whether elegant or artificially aged, worn with a jacket or a T-shirt: jeans go well with almost anything. They are simultaneously a lifestyle statement, worldwide cult classic and long-selling fashion garment – with no end to the success story in sight. The statistics tell us that a US American has eight pairs of jeans, while a European comes a close second with five to six pairs. The immense number of almost two billion pairs of jeans are produced each year, claiming about 10 percent of the worldwide cotton harvest. The conventional indigo dyeing process, however, is environmentally polluting, and so Clariant has now developed, under its innovative Advanced Denim concept, a groundbreaking new dyeing process adapted to current needs that operates completely without indigo. It also needs much less water and energy, greatly reduces cotton waste and produces no effluents. Furthermore it offers a greater variety of colors, better color quality and new fashion effects. Experts are convinced: Advanced Denim will revolutionize jeans production. Denim is the name given to the typical, tough jeans material which is produced from cotton yarn and in the conventional process is dyed blue with indigo. In its natural agglomerated CLARIANT INTERNATIONAL LTD form, this dye isn’t soluble in water. The dye molecules first have to be separated before BUSINESS UNIT TEXTILE CHEMICALS Rothausstrasse 61 dyeing – this is done by reduction using the strong reducing agent sodium hydrosulfite.
    [Show full text]
  • 145 Aromatic Amines: Use in Azo Dye Chemistry Harold S. Freema
    [Frontiers in Bioscience, Landmark, 18, 145-164, January 1, 2013] Aromatic amines: use in azo dye chemistry Harold S. Freeman North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8301, USA TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Abstract 2. Introduction 2.1. Structural nature 2.2. Formation 3. Properties 3.1. Chemical 3.2. Azo dye formation 3.3. Genotoxicity 4. Influence on dye properties 4.1. Color 4.2. Coloration (dye-polymer affinity) 4.3. Technical properties 4.3.1. Wet fastness 4.3.2. Light fastness 4.3.3. Ozone fastness 5. Summary 6. Acknowledgement 7. References 1. ABSTRACT This chapter provides an overview of the Aromatic amines used in azo dye formation are chemical structures and properties of aromatic amines and 4n plus 2 pi-electron systems in which a primary (–NH2), their role in the development and utility of azo dyes. secondary (–NHR), or tertiary (–NR2) amino group is Approaches to the design of environmentally benign attached to a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring. Their alternatives to genotoxic primary aromatic amines, as azo structures are manifold and include amino-substituted dye precursors, are included. benzenes, naphthalenes, and heterocycles such as those shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3. As the representative 2. INTRODUCTION structures suggest, aromatic amines can be hydrophobic or hydrophilic, simple or complex, and vary widely in 2.1. Structural nature electronic (donor/acceptor) properties. In the sections that Azo dyes comprise about two-thirds of all follow, it will be shown that their structural nature synthetic dyes, making them by far the most widely used determines the types of substrates that have affinity for the and structurally diverse class of organic dyes in commerce resultant azo dyes and the technical properties of the (1).
    [Show full text]
  • Reaction Mechanism of Azoreductases Suggests Convergent Evolution with Quinone Oxidoreductases
    Protein Cell 2010, 1(8): 780–790 Protein & Cell DOI 10.1007/s13238-010-0090-2 RESEARCH ARTICLE Reaction mechanism of azoreductases suggests convergent evolution with quinone oxidoreductases ✉ Ali Ryan*, Chan-Ju Wang*, Nicola Laurieri*, Isaac Westwood, Edith Sim Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK ✉ Correspondence: [email protected] Received June 2, 2010 Accepted June 28, 2010 ABSTRACT the dye used for dying fabrics does not bind to the fabric, and as a result, is lost in the effluent (Shore, 1995). As these dyes Azoreductases are involved in the bioremediation by can be carcinogenic (Alves de Lima et al., 2007) their removal bacteria of azo dyes found in waste water. In the gut flora, from the effluent is essential. This has driven investigations they activate azo pro-drugs, which are used for treatment into both electrochemical reduction of azo dyes (Wang et al., of inflammatory bowel disease, releasing the active 2010b), as well as the use of both aerobic and anaerobic component 5-aminosalycilic acid. The bacterium bacteria for bioremediation (dos Santos et al., 2007; You et P. aeruginosa has three azoreductase genes, paAzoR1, al., 2007). paAzoR2 and paAzoR3, which as recombinant enzymes Azo bonds are also found in some drugs including those have been shown to have different substrate specifici- used for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). ties. The mechanism of azoreduction relies upon tauto- Azo compounds have also been shown to be effective merisation of the substrate to the hydrazone form. We antibacterial (Farghaly and Abdalla, 2009) and antitumor (El- report here the characterization of the P.
    [Show full text]
  • Thin-Layer (Planar) Chromatography 2619
    III / DYES / Thin-Layer (Planar) Chromatography 2619 Thin-Layer (Planar) Chromatography P. E. Wall, Merck Limited, Poole, Dorset, UK that dyes are easily visualized on a chromatographic Copyright ^ 2000 Academic Press layer by their colour. Often slight differences in hue are more clearly seen on the layer than in solution and hence are easily distinguishable. It is therefore rarely Introduction necessary to employ detection reagents unless the area of interest is dye intermediates which may lack Synthetic dyes comprise a large group of organic, the conjugation needed in their molecular structure to organic salt and organometallic compounds which be coloured in visible light. Of course, there are number in the thousands. Most individual dyes are a large number of dyes which either exhibit Suores- assigned colour index (CI) numbers which helps to cence quenching in short wavelength ultraviolet (UV) identify structure and properties as well as identity light (254 nm) or naturally Suoresce by excitation in where a series of names have been used by the manu- long wavelength UV light (usually 366 nm). Where facturers for the same dye. Pigments are also listed separated dyes on the chromatographic layer do Su- and can be either organic or inorganic in nature. The oresce, the limit of sensitivity of detection is often in value of planar chromatography in the identiRcation the low nanogram or high picogram level. In the of dyes and separation of impurities and their quan- commercial environment, as dye quality can vary tiRcation is the main subject of this article. Synthetic from batch to batch and colour can be matched by dyes will be split into nine groups, the Rrst three being using different dyes, the planar chromatographic the major ones.
    [Show full text]
  • Detoxification of Azo Dyes by Bacterial Oxidoreductase Enzymes
    UC Riverside UC Riverside Previously Published Works Title Bacterial diversity and composition in major fresh produce growing soils affected by physiochemical properties and geographic locations. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2756h6h9 Authors Ma, Jincai Ibekwe, A Mark Yang, Ching-Hong et al. Publication Date 2016-09-01 DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.122 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California http://informahealthcare.com/bty ISSN: 0738-8551 (print), 1549-7801 (electronic) Crit Rev Biotechnol, Early Online: 1–13 ! 2015 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2015.1004518 REVIEW ARTICLE Detoxification of azo dyes by bacterial oxidoreductase enzymes Shahid Mahmood1, Azeem Khalid1, Muhammad Arshad2, Tariq Mahmood1, and David E. Crowley3 1Department of Environmental Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, 2Institute of Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, and 3Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA Abstract Keywords Azo dyes and their intermediate degradation products are common contaminants of soil and Aromatic compounds, Azo dyes, groundwater in developing countries where textile and leather dye products are produced. The bioremediation, toxicity, wastewater toxicity of azo dyes is primarily associated with their molecular structure, substitution groups and reactivity. To avoid contamination of natural resources and to minimize risk to human History
    [Show full text]
  • Imports of Benzenoid Chemicals and Products
    co p Z UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION Washington IMPORTS OF BENZENOID CHEMICALS AND PRODUCTS 1 9 7 3 United States General Imports of Intermediates, Dyes, Medicinals, Flavor and Perfume Materials, and Other Finished Benzenoid Products Entered in 1973 Under Schedule 4, Part 1, of The Tariff Schedules of the United States TC Publication 688 United States Tariff Commission September 1 9 7 4 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION Catherine Bedell Chairman Joseph 0. Parker Vice Chairman Will E. Leonard, Jr. George M. Moore Italo H. Ablondi Kenneth R. Mason Secretary to the Commission Please address all communications to UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20436 ERRATA SHEET Imports of Benzenoid Chemicals And'Produets, 1973 P. 94-- The 1973 data ascribed to Acrylonitrile-butadiene- styrene (ABS) resins actually included 8,216,040 pounds of Methyl- methacrylate-butadiene-styrene (MBS) resins. The revised figure for ABS resins alone is 23,823,791 pounds. CONTENTS (Imports under TSUS, Schedule 4, Parts 1B and 1C) Table No. Page 1. Benzenoid intermediates: Summary of U.S. general imports entered under Part 1B, TSUS, by competitive status, 1973___ 6 2. Benzenoid intermediates: U.S. general imports entered under Part 1B, TSUS, by country of origin, 1973 and 1972___ 6 3. Benzenoid intermediates: U.S. general imports entered under Part 1B, TSUS, showing competitive status,. 1973, 8 4. Finished benzenoid products: Summary of U.S. general im- ports entered under Part 1C, TSUS, by competitive status, 1973- 28 S. Finished benzenoid products: U.S. general imports entered under Part 1C, TSUS, by country of origin, 1973 and 1972--- 29 6.
    [Show full text]
  • USE and ASSESSMENT of MARKER DYES USED with HERBICIDES
    SERA TR 96-21-07-03b USE and ASSESSMENT OF MARKER DYES USED WITH HERBICIDES Submitted to: Leslie Rubin, COTR Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) Policy and Program Development Environmental Analysis and Documentation United States Department of Agriculture Suite 5A44, Unit 149 4700 River Road Riverdale, MD 20737 Task No. 10 USDA Order Nos. 43-3187-7-0408 USDA Contract No. 53-3187-5-12 Submitted by: Syracuse Environmental Research Associates, Inc. 5100 Highbridge St., 42C Fayetteville, New York 13066-0950 Telephone: (315) 637-9560 Fax: (315) 637-0445 Internet: [email protected] December 21, 1997 USE and ASSESSMENT OF MARKER DYES USED WITH HERBICIDES Prepared by: Michelle Pepling1, Phillip H. Howard1, Patrick R. Durkin2, 1Syracuse Research Corporation 6225 Running Ridge Road North Syracuse, New York 13212-2509 2Syracuse Environmental Research Associates, Inc. 5100 Highbridge St., Building 42C Fayetteville, New York 13066-0950 Submitted to: Leslie Rubin, COTR Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) Policy and Program Development Environmental Analysis and Documentation United States Department of Agriculture Suite 5A44, Unit 149 4700 River Road Riverdale, MD 20737 Task No. 10 USDA Order Nos. 43-3187-7-0408 USDA Contract No. 53-3187-5-12 Submitted by: Syracuse Environmental Research Associates, Inc. 5100 Highbridge St., 42C Fayetteville, New York 13066-0950 Telephone: (315) 637-9560 Fax: (315) 637-0445 Internet: [email protected] December 21, 1997 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS .....................................................ii ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND SYMBOLS .............................. iii 1. INTRODUCTION .....................................................1 2. CURRENT PRACTICE .................................................2 3. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS .........................................3 3.1. DEFINITIONS .................................................3 3.2. CLASSES OF DYES .............................................4 3.3.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent 19 11 Patent Number: 5,749,923 Olip Et Al
    USOO5749923A United States Patent 19 11 Patent Number: 5,749,923 Olip et al. 45) Date of Patent: May 12, 1998 54 METHOD FOR BLEACHING DENIM OTHER PUBLICATIONS TEXT LE MATERIAL Federal Law Gazette, No. 612, Sep. 24, 1992, "Limitation of Waste Water Emissions from Textile Finishing and Process 75 Inventors: Winzenz Olip. Schächtestrasse, ing Plants". Austria; Norbert Steiner. Upper Saddle Peter, M., et al. Grundlagen der Textilveredelung Basics of River, N.J. Textile Finishing, 13th ed., Deutscher Fachverlag, 1989, pp. 73 Assignee: Degussa Aktiengelschaft, Frankfurt am 80 to 81. (Month Unknown). Main, Germany Derwent Acc. No. 80-24863C, 1980 (month unknown). Derwent Acc. No. 86-268586, 1986 (Month Unknown). Derwent Acc. No. 89-155166, 1989 (Month Unknown). 21 Appl. No.: 651,785 Das, T.K., et al., “Thiourea Dioxide: A Powerful And Safe 22 Filed: May 24, 1996 Reducing Agent For Textile Applications”. Colourage, vol. 31, No. 26, 1984, pp. 15-20. (Month Unknown). Related U.S. Application Data Weiss, M., "Thiourea Dioxide: A Safe AlternativeTo Hydro sulfite Reduction”. Part 1. American Dyestuff Reporter; vol. 63 Continuation of Ser. No. 347,146, Nov. 22, 1994, Pat. No. 67. No. 8, Aug. 1978, pp. 35-38. 5,549,715. Weiss, M., "Thiourea Dioxide: A Safe Alternative to Hydro 30 Foreign Application Priority Data sulfite Reduction, Part II", American Dyestuff Reporter, vol. 67, No. 9, Sep. 1978, pp. 72-74. Nov. 23, 1993 AT Austria .............................. AT 2378/93 Primary Examiner-Alan Diamond (51 int. Cl. ... D06L 3/10 Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Spencer & Frank 52 U.S. Cl. ........................... 8/102; 8/107; 8/110; 8/111; 510/302; 510/303; 5101494; 510/367; 510/370; 57 ABSTRACT 510/470 Amethod for chlorine-free bleaching of denim textile mate 58 Field of Search ...............................
    [Show full text]
  • Aromatic Amines from Azo Dye Reduction: Status Review with Emphasis on Direct UV Spectrophotometric Detection in Textile Industry Wastewaters
    Dyes and Pigments 61 (2004) 121–139 www.elsevier.com/locate/dyepig Aromatic amines from azo dye reduction: status review with emphasis on direct UV spectrophotometric detection in textile industry wastewaters H.M. Pinheiroa, E. Touraudb,*, O. Thomasb aCentro de Engenharia Biolo´gica e Quı´mica, Instituto Superior Te´cnico, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal bLaboratoire de Ge´nie de l’Environnement Industriel, Ecole des Mines d’Ale`s, 6 Avenue de Clavie`res, 30319 Ale`s Cedex, France Received 28 July 2003; received in revised form 10 October 2003; accepted 17 October 2003 Abstract The present status of origins, known hazards, release restrictions and environmental fate of aromatic amines is reviewed. The specific case of aromatic amines arising from the reduction of the azo bond of azo colorants is addressed, with emphasis on the recalcitrance of azo dyes, their demonstrated vulnerability to azo bond reduction through dif- ferent mechanisms and the lack of data on the biodegradability of the resulting amines. The evolution and present array of analysis methods for aromatic amines in water samples is reviewed, highlighting the increased sophistication and sensitivity attained, and referring a few efforts towards fast analysis methodologies. The case for the application of direct ultraviolet spectral analysis with advanced deconvolution techniques for the monitoring of aromatic amines in textile effluent treatment is presented. # 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Aromatic amines; Azo dyes; Hazards; Textile wastewater; Analysis; UV spectra 1. Origin and types of aromatic amines in the some examples of environmentally or health-rela- environment ted important amines together with their major origins and potential impact.
    [Show full text]
  • Dyes & Pigments
    Dyes & Pigments with forecasts to 2005 and 2010 New study finds: • The US market for dyes and organic pigments (organic colorants) is expected to increase 2.8 percent per year to $3.1 billion in 2005, with volume over the same period forecast to reach 675 million pounds • Positive growth opportunities are to be found in the rapidly growing market for dyes used in digital printing inks and high-tech imaging • The six leading suppliers -- Ciba Specialty Chemicals, DyStar, Clariant, Sun Chemical, Bayer and BASF -- accounted for nearly two-thirds of the total market in 2000 Freedonia Industry Study #1439 Study Publication Date: June 2001 Price: $3,700 Dyes & Organic Pigments Pages: 237 Dyes & Organic Pigments, a new study from The Freedonia Group, provides you with an in-depth analysis of major trends in the industry and the outlook for product seg- ments and major markets -- critical information to help you with strategic planning. This brochure gives you an indication of the scope, depth and value of Freedonia's new study, Dyes & Organic Pigments. Ordering information is included on the back page of the brochure. Brochure Table of Contents Study Highlights ............................................................................... 2 Table of Contents and List of Tables and Charts ............................. 4 Sample Pages and Sample Tables from: Market Environment .................................................... 6 Products ....................................................................... 7 Markets.......................................................................
    [Show full text]