ABSTRACT YI, DING. a Comparison of Mordant and Natural Dyes In
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Natural Colourants with Ancient Concept and Probable Uses
JOURNAL OF ADVANCED BOTANY AND ZOOLOGY Journal homepage: http://scienceq.org/Journals/JABZ.php Review Open Access Natural Colourants With Ancient Concept and Probable Uses Tabassum Khair1, Sujoy Bhusan2, Koushik Choudhury2, Ratna Choudhury3, Manabendra Debnath4 and Biplab De2* 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India. 2 Regional Institute of Pharmaceutical Science And Technology, Abhoynagar, Agartala, Tripura, India. 3 Rajnagar H. S. School, Agartala, Tripura, India. 4 Department of Human Physiology, Swami Vivekananda Mahavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Tripura, India. *Corresponding author: Biplab De, E-mail: [email protected] Received: February 20, 2017, Accepted: April 15, 2017, Published: April 15, 2017. ABSTRACT: The majority of natural colourants are of vegetable origin from plant sources –roots, berries, barks, leaves, wood and other organic sources such as fungi and lichens. In the medicinal and food products apart from active constituents there are several other ingredients present which are used for either ethical or technical reasons. Colouring agent is one of them, known as excipients. The discovery of man-made synthetic dye in the mid-19th century triggered a long decline in the large-scale market for natural dyes as practiced by the villagers and tribes. The continuous use of synthetic colours in textile and food industry has been found to be detrimental to human health, also leading to environmental degradation. Biocolours are extracted by the villagers and certain tribes from natural herbs, plants as leaves, fruits (rind or seeds), flowers (petals, stamens), bark or roots, minerals such as prussian blue, red ochre & ultramarine blue and are also of insect origin such as lac, cochineal and kermes. -
Alum Mineral and the Importance for Textile Dyeing
Current Trends in Fashion Technology & Textile Engineering ISSN: 2577-2929 Mini-Review Curr Trends Fashion Technol Textile Eng Volume 3- Issue 4 - April 2018 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Ezatollah Mozaffari DOI: 10.19080/CTFTTE.2018.03.555619 Alum Mineral and the Importance for Textile Dyeing Ezatollah Mozaffari* and Bijan Maleki Imam khomeini international university, Qazvin, Iran Submission: Published: April 25, 2018 *Corresponding April author: 10, 2018; Email: Ezatollah Mozaffari, Imam khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran, Tel: +9828-33901133; Abstract The importance of alum as a natural mordant in textile dyeing is explained. The history of alum mineral processing was reviewed to emphasise on the heritage knowledge inherited by current trends in fashion technology and textile engineering. The review will also demonstrate the conservative environmental preservation nature of alum mineral as mordant. The need for modern evaluation of natural dyes and mordants will be highlighted. Keywords: Alum; Mordant; Industrial heritage Introduction the calcined mass the calcined shale was barrowed to a series Alum was known as one of the most imperative components of stone leaching pits nearby with typical dimensions of 9 x of textile industry before the introduction of chemical dyes in 4.5 x 1.5m. Fresh liquid was added to the leaching tanks and the process repeated for several weeks. The waste solids were alum quarrying and trade in several geographical areas [1]. In the 1850s. Its significance could be explored when studying the literature, interesting notes on alum as a mordant for textile liquor from leaching rose to 1.12, indicating 12 tons of dissolved dyeing of yarn, cloth and leather in North America, China, Libya, eventually dug out and discarded. -
Staining Wood and Natural Materials Using PRO Washfast Water Based
Staining Wood and Natural Materials using PRO WashFast Water-Based Dyes Please read directions carefully before starting. Many materials, whose surface is only slightly wettable, may be colored with water-based (water soluble) dyes resulting in colored surfaces that do not hide the grain of the wood or the character of the substrate. This process is also suitable for the coloration of feathers, retouching wool tapestries and wool or nylon carpeting. Basically anything that does not have the high wash fastness requirements of wearable clothing fabrics. Wet fastness is good. Always do test samples before working on a large project. For additional information visit our web site at www.prochemicalanddye.com. Wear rubber gloves, apron, or old clothes. Utensils used for dyeing should never be used for food preparation. Procedure: 1. Dissolve the PRO WashFast Acid dye by placing 1 tsp (2.5 gm) of the dye in a one cup (250 ml) Pyrex container. Add 1 or 2 tsp (5 or 10 ml) of boiling water to make a paste. Gradually add more boiling water with continuous stirring to the 2 cup (125 ml) mark. Set aside to cool. 2. When cooled to room temperature, fill to one cup (250 ml) mark with denatured grain alcohol or Isopropyl rubbing alcohol (90%). Store in re-sealable glass container. 3. Apply to surface of substrate with foam brush or immerse object into dye solution for several minutes. Air dry and repeat procedure as often as needed for deeper color allowing previous coat to dry thoroughly. 4. After thorough drying, wood and similar materials may be coated to seal in the color and give lasting protection to the wood itself. -
(Cudrania Javanensis) Wood Extract Dyeing Quality on Silk Batik
Proceeding Indonesian Textile Conference (International Conference) 3rd Edition Volume 1 2019 http://itc.stttekstil.ac.id ISSN : 2356-5047 Effect of Different Solvent on Tegeran (Cudrania javanensis) Wood Extract Dyeing Quality on Silk Batik Vivin Atika 1 ,Tin Kusuma Arta 1, Dwi Wiji Lestari 1, Agus Haerudin 1and Aprilia Fitriani 1 1 Balai Besar Kerajinan dan Batik - Kementerian Perindustrian * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: - Abstract: Tegeran (Cudrania javanensis) wood has been used as natural yellow dyes source for batik that traditionally obtained from extraction process by boiling in some amount of water. Tegeran dyes gives deep yellow color in cotton and silk batik with good fastness properties, but rarely reported about its result quality using different type of solvents in extracting process. Therefore, we conducted this research to find out how much different type of solvent in extracting process giving influence on dyeing result quality of silk batik. In this research has been carried out Tegeran wood extraction using four different solvent such as alcohol 70%, aquadest, acid/acetic acid solution pH 2.5 and alkaline/sodium hydroxide solution pH 12. The extract then used to dye batiked silk fabric. Tegeran wood extract coloring result in silk batik giving range colour from yellow to deep cream. The color strength values obtained were batik fabric dyed with Tegeran wood extract from alcohol 70% solvent 0.49, acid 0.57, aquadest 1.15, and alkaline 1.78. From color difference testing results, we obtain value of batik fabric colored with tegeran wood extract from alcohol 70 % L*=79.34, a*=6.37, b*=53.51; aquadest L*=87.91, a*=-0.69, b*=34.53; alkaline L*=76.06, a*=9.41, b*=14.76; and acid L*=77.70, a*=8.21, b*=36.72. -
Chemical Groups and Botanical Distribution
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ISSN- 0975-1491 Vol 8, Issue 10, 2016 Review Article REVIEW: FROM SCREENING TO APPLICATION OF MOROCCAN DYEING PLANTS: CHEMICAL GROUPS AND BOTANICAL DISTRIBUTION IMANE ALOUANI, MOHAMMED OULAD BOUYAHYA IDRISSI, MUSTAPHA DRAOUI, MUSTAPHA BOUATIA Laboratory of Analytical Chemestry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat Email: [email protected] Received: 19 May 2016 Revised and Accepted: 12 Aug 2016 ABSTRACT Many dyes are contained in plants and are used for coloring a medium. They are characterized by their content of dyes molecules. They stimulate interest because they are part of a sustainable development approach. There are several chemicals families of plant dye which are contained in more than 450 plants known around the world. In this article, a study based on literature allowed us to realize an inventory of the main dyes plants potentially present in Morocco. A list of 117 plants was established specifying their botanical families, chemical Composition, Colors and parts of the plant used. Keywords: Natural dye, Morocco, Chemical structures, Plant pigments, Extraction © 2016 The Authors. Published by Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4. 0/) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2016v8i10.12960 INTRODUCTION [5]. They are also biodegradable and compatible with the environment [12]. Several hundred species of plants are used around the world, sometimes for thousands of years for their ability to stain a medium In this article, we process methods of extraction and analysis, or material[1]. -
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J. Indonesian Trop. Anim. Agric. 39(3):188-193, September 2014 ISSN 2087-8273 THE CHROME-TANNED GOAT LEATHER FOR HIGH QUALITY OF BATIK W. Pancapalaga1,2, V. P. Bintoro1, Y. B. Pramono1 and S. Triatmojo3 1Doctorate Program of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Tembalang Campus, Semarang 50275 - Indonesia 2Permanent Address: Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Malang Muhammadiyah University, Jl. Raya Tlogomas No. 246, Malang 65148 - Indonesia 3Faculty of Animal Science, Gajah Mada University, Jl. Fauna, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281 - Indonesia Corresponding E-mail: [email protected] Received July 03, 2014; Accepted August 24, 2014 ABSTRAK Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas batik kulit yang disamak dengan krom. Penelitian dilakukan secara bertahap dengan tahap pertama bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi natrium silika sebagai bahan pelepas lilin batik pada kulit samak krom. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) sebagai perlakuan adalah kosentrasi natrium silika yaitu P1 = 0 , P2 = 2 g/l, P3 = 4 g/L dan P4 = 6 g/L diulang 9 kali. Penelitian tahap kedua bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi jenis bahan warna yang digunakan dalam pewarnaan metode batik pada kulit kambing samak krom. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) sebagai perlakuan adalah jenis bahan pewarna yaitu P'1 = asam , P'2 = indigosol, P'3 = napthol dan P'4 = remazol diulang 9 kali. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian penggunaan natrium silika kosentrasi 2 g/L menghasilkan prosentasi lilin yang terlepas sebesar 91,4 % serta tidak menurunkan kualitas kulit samak krom. Jenis bahan warna asam dan napthol memberikan kuat rekat dan kecerahan warna terbaik serta ketahanan cuci, air, keringat, tekuk dan gosok yang terbaik yaitu 4/5 sampai 5 pada skala abu abu. -
Tutorial: How to Dye Black with Natural
http://www.aurorasilk.com/ Tutorial: How To Dye Black with Natural Dyes by Cheryl Kolander. Excerpted from TrueFibers. Aurora Silk sells a full selection of natural dyes and mordants. For ideas on which dyes and which mordants to use, view our Natural Dye colour Chart. For more detailed dyeing recipes, read Brilliant Colours! by Cheryl Kolander. After recording the dry weight of your fiber, wet the fiber out in warm or hot water. STEP I: TANNIN 2 oz. tannic acid per pound of fiber (dry weight) OR: 4 oz. tara sawdust per pound of fiber, extracted twice OR: 3 oz Catechu (Cutch) extract per pound of fiber with optional 1/2 oz copper mordant 1. Dissolve tannic acid or catechu extract in hot water. 2. Heat the solution to approximately 200 F. 3. Remove from heat. 4. Enter the silk (or other fiber) that has been thoroughly wet out in warm to hot water. 5. Set to soak for at least 24 hrs, stirring occasionally. STEP II: IRON 1/2 to 1 oz Ferrous Sulphate per pound of fiber Use the lesser amount for fine silk yarn and soft wools. Use the greater amount for wild silk and other fibers. 1. Dissolve the iron in warm water. 2. Soak fiber in a mild soap solution about 15 minutes to neutralize the acid in the tannin (which couters the effect of the iron). This step is not necessary if you used Catechu for STEP I. 3. Add fiber to warm iron solution and soak for about 20 minutes. 4. Remove fiber from iron solution, wring excess solution from fiber, and hang to air 20 minutes to 1 hour. -
CIBA Acid F.Pdf
./ Fiber Types · Safety InUse• Ciba Washfast Acid Dyes may be used on the Although no chemical is entirely freefrom hazard, · following fiber types: these products will pres�nt a low to no health risk, • Wool (includirg Cashmere, Alpaca, Angora, provided that good standards of studio· hygiene are and other protein fi�rs) observed in their use and storage. All persons. • Silk handling them should take precautions to avoid Techniques• Nylon· accidental ingestion, inhalation, skin and eye contact and should be aware of any limitations of use of specific products. While dyes and the • high temperature immersion chemicals associated with their use are not highly • handpainting silkscreening ,. toxic, they are industrtal chemicals and should be • block prtnting handled with care. Chemical productsshould not • airbrushing be allowed to get into the eyes, but 1f they should • warp painting by accident, wash eyes with clean water and then_ • resist (paste resist, gutta, bound) obtain medical treatment. Prolonged or repeated • batch dyeing (tie dyeing, rainbow dyeing) contact with skin should be avoided. Wear rubber gloves and use implements to stir solutions and ColorSeereverse Availablefor further deta ils.· dyebaths. Inhalation of'dusts .should be avoided by careful handling of powders. If the dyes are handled where particles may become airborne, a Yellow, Gold Yellow, Scarlet, Fuchsia, Turquoise, suitable dust respirator should be worn. Navy, Brown, Black, Green, Blue, and Violet. Obviously, chemicals slJ.ould ,not be taken -WhatNote: These Youdyes- Willare Need completely intennixable. internally, and the use of food, drink and smoking materials should be prohibited where chemicals are employed. The utensils used fordyeing should Stainless steel, enamel, plastic or glass measuring. -
Eosin Staining
Science of H & E Andrew Lisowski, M.S., HTL (A.S.C.P.) 1 Hematoxylin and Eosin Staining “The desired end result of a tissue stained with hematoxylin and eosin is based upon what seems to be almost infinite factors. Pathologists have individual preferences for section thickness, intensities, and shades. The choice of which reagents to use must take into consideration: cost, method of staining, option of purchasing commercially-prepared or technician-prepared reagents, safety, administration policies, convenience, availability, quality, technical limitations, as well as personal preference.” Guidelines for Hematoxylin and Eosin Staining National Society for Histotechnology 2 Why Do We Stain? In order to deliver a medical diagnosis, tissues must be examined under a microscope. Once a tissue specimen has been processed by a histology lab and transferred onto a glass slide, it needs to be appropriately stained for microscopic evaluation. This is because unstained tissue lacks contrast: when viewed under the microscope, everything appears in uniform dull grey color. Unstained tissue H&E stained tissue 3 What Does "Staining" Do? . Contrasts different cells . Highlights particular features of interest . Illustrates different cell structures . Detects infiltrations or deposits in the tissue . Detect pathogens Superbly contrasted GI cells Placenta’s large blood H&E stain showing extensive vessels iron deposits There are different staining techniques to reveal different structures of the cell 4 What is H&E Staining? As its name suggests, H&E stain makes use of a combination of two dyes – hematoxylin and eosin. It is often termed as “routine staining” as it is the most common way of coloring otherwise transparent tissue specimen. -
Innovation Spotlight the Sustainable Revolution in Jeans Manufacture
Innovation Spotlight ADVANCED DENIM The sustainable revolution Issue: Spring 2012 in jeans manufacture Innovative dyeing process spares the environment, offers greater color variety and higher quality Whether elegant or artificially aged, worn with a jacket or a T-shirt: jeans go well with almost anything. They are simultaneously a lifestyle statement, worldwide cult classic and long-selling fashion garment – with no end to the success story in sight. The statistics tell us that a US American has eight pairs of jeans, while a European comes a close second with five to six pairs. The immense number of almost two billion pairs of jeans are produced each year, claiming about 10 percent of the worldwide cotton harvest. The conventional indigo dyeing process, however, is environmentally polluting, and so Clariant has now developed, under its innovative Advanced Denim concept, a groundbreaking new dyeing process adapted to current needs that operates completely without indigo. It also needs much less water and energy, greatly reduces cotton waste and produces no effluents. Furthermore it offers a greater variety of colors, better color quality and new fashion effects. Experts are convinced: Advanced Denim will revolutionize jeans production. Denim is the name given to the typical, tough jeans material which is produced from cotton yarn and in the conventional process is dyed blue with indigo. In its natural agglomerated CLARIANT INTERNATIONAL LTD form, this dye isn’t soluble in water. The dye molecules first have to be separated before BUSINESS UNIT TEXTILE CHEMICALS Rothausstrasse 61 dyeing – this is done by reduction using the strong reducing agent sodium hydrosulfite. -
Oriental Rug Knotting & Construction
Oriental Rug Knotting & Construction Knotted, Tufted and Flat-Woven Rugs; Knot Types and Density Anatomy of A Hand Knotted Rug A. WARP - The parallel threads running through the entire length of the rug onto which the knots are tied. B. WEFT - The threads running across the width of the rug inserted between all the rows of knots. These threads pass through alternate warp threads. Their job is to secure the knots in parallel lines and to strengthen the fabric. C. KNOT - The term used for a strand of wool yarn which is looped around two adjacent warp threads and then cut to form the pile (surface of carpet). D. OVERCASTING - A simple wrapping of dyed yarn along the entire length of both sides of a handmade rug. E. FRINGE - The visible continuation of the warp threads at both ends of the carpet. F. KILIM - The pileless web of warp and weft between the rug's pile and the knotted fringe. This is also the name for a rug without pile. Types of Oriental Rug Construction Who Uses Which Knot? Line of division (dotted line): distinguishing Turkish Knot (west of line) and Persian Knot areas (east). PERSIAN KNOT WITH ALL OF THE WARP THREADS ON ONE LEVEL TURKISH KNOT WITH ALL OF THE WARP THREADS ON ONE LEVEL PERSIAN KNOT WITH THE WARP THREADS ON TWO DIFFERENT LEVELS OPEN BACK & CLOSED BACK OPEN BACK CLOSED Different methods for finishing the undersides of rugs BACK The FULL LOOP part of the In the CLOSED BACK KNOT is on the UPPER KNOT the FULL LOOP is warp thread on the LOWER warp thread . -
How to Make Métis Hooked Rugs
How to Make Métis Hooked Rugs There are six steps in making a hooked rug. These are: 1) Preparing Materials 2) Building a Frame 3) Preparing a Work Surface 4) Cutting and Tracing the Pattern 5) Hooking the Rug 6) Putting on the Backing and Finishing Touches 1) Preparing Materials • Use two-by-two inch pieces of wood for the frame • Make the frame slightly bigger than the rug • Use nails to attach the frame • Use burlap or jute for the frame’s backing • Use corduroy or denim to reinforce the frame’s border • Use quilting or upholstery thread to stitch the border • Use sealed wax to bind the border to the burlap/jute backing • Use wool or string to lace the burlap border to the frame • Use various big-eyed needles and a thimble for the lacing process • Use paper to make the pattern • Use paper scissors to cut out the pattern • Use small or large straight pins to pin down the pattern • Use sharp scissors to cut all fabric • Use a rug-hooking tool to begin the rug-hooking process • Rug-hooking tools can be found at craft or carpet stores, or can be made from a cork and a nail • Use various colours of cotton t-shirts for materials • Cut the seams out of the t-shirts, and then cut the material into thumb width strips • The strips can be rolled into balls for easy storage 2) Building a Frame • Make an adjustable frame by drilling holes in the wood • Use a nut and a bolt to adjust the frame’s size • If the frame is to be used only once, nail it together 3) Preparing a Work Surface • Choose either burlap or jute (which is finer grained) • Then