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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_computer_graphics The Beauty and Joy of 3D , 10 Miles Up Computing § Lecture #2 one of the sub-fields HowItWorks : 3D Graphics of research in UC Berkeley EECS Computer Science Sr Lecturer SOE § UC Berkeley’s Dan Garcia Graphics group is ranked in the top 10 ú I graduated from this The Leap Motion ($70) is a new group in 2000 generation of input devices that stands to change the way people § 2D Graphics often interact with 3D data, and provide called “graphic input to the computer (significant advantages over mouse & tablet) design”; very different Garcia

www.leapmotion.com UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (2)

events.game-artist.net/scene_from_a_movie/ 3D Graphics Used In… …although that line is often blurred Film, Television, Print Video Games § Either pure CG (e.g., § Both “in-engine” Pixar) or CG elements graphics + pre- added to film plates rendered cinematics § hours / frame § 30 frames / second

Garcia Garcia

UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (3) UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (4)

events.game-artist.net/scene_from_a_movie/winners.php web.engr.oregonstate.edu/~mjb/intro2009/ Aside: Scenes from a Movie winner 3D Graphics : How it’s done (simplified)

Lighting & Modeling Rendering

Garcia Garcia

UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (5) UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (6) www.youtube.com/watch?v=FOOynE1F4P4 web.engr.oregonstate.edu/~mjb/intro2009/ www.cyberware.com en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_capture Modeling Animation www.youtube.com/watch?v=1wK1Ixr-UmM § Could come from § Could come from ú 3D Scanners ú Interactive keyframing ú Interactive modeling ú Procedural motion ú Model libraries ú ú Procedural techniques This has put some out of a job § This also involves Used in , LotR, … ú Attaching animation ú Physics variables to model, ú Evolution, Rule systems allowing to control a very complex § Emotions conveyed! model w/a few controls ú Humans are very good ú Representation: Lots of at reading bad motion

options, math Garcia Garcia

UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (7) UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (8)

www.kuffner.org/james/software/dynamics/mirtich/ web.genarts.com/karl/ Creature War … Animation automatic! Genetic Algorithms § Brian Mirtich, 1996 § Karl Sims blew away UCB Ph.D. his colleagues with ú Thesis: “Impulse -based his 1994 seminal work Dynamic Simulation of Rigid Body Systems” on evolved creatures ú Very cool work! § “Creature War” demo ú His purpose: show off his simulator ú Great example of rule- drive motion!

Garcia Garcia

UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (9) UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (10)

hof.povray.org/2b.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_projection Lighting and Shading (and Camera…) Basics (in Rendering) § Just like in a movie… § For each frame… ú Artist sets up lights in ú Take 3D geometry (and the shot for mood lights and ú Teams of artists apply shaders) and figure out hand-drawn and what color each 2D procedural textures, should be called “shaders” § The math is simply There are layers of them similar triangles ú The virtual 3D camera (and its movement) set § There are lots of algorithms to do this § But “render!” instead ú “Expensive” = slower, of “action!”… but quality usu higher

Garcia Garcia

UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (11) UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (12) en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_illumination www.graphics.cornell.edu/online/box/compare.html Rendering :

§ What’s our goal? “The Cornell Box experiments have come to symbolize our approach to ú Find rendering algorithms that physically based rendering. The Cornell box is a simple physical simulate what real light does environment for which we have measured the lighting, geometry, and in real world material reflectance properties. Synthetic images of this environment are then created, and compared to images captured with a calibrated CCD ú “Photo-realism” camera. In this way, we can confirm the accuracy of our simulations.” § Limitations ú There are way too many photons to simulate all of them at once! ú Every technique is a different way to simulate the real world ú Each has costs & benefits § Direct vs Global Illumination

Garcia Garcia

UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (13) UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (14)

Image courtesy Henrik Jensen @ UCSD Image courtesy Henrik Jensen @ UCSD Direct Illumination Image Global Illumination Image

Garcia Garcia

UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (15) UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (16)

ucbugg.com kevinbeason.com/smallpt/ How to learn more? … UCBUGG! Summary § UCB Undergrad § Beauty and Joy of Graphics Group Computing? You bet! ú No prereqs!!! § The field of 3D Graphics has transformed film, ú Student-led DeCal television & video games ú Students make § How does it work? animated short film ú Modeling Example : The Play3D ú Animation In 2002, made 3D recreation of famous Cal ú Lighting & Shading & Camera football play ú Rendering (film,games different) § CS184 : Intro to § It allows people to exercise Computer Graphics right and left sides of brain ú Opportunities @ Cal!

Garcia Garcia

UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (17) UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (18)