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3-D Computer Animation Production Process On Contents 1. What Is Animation 2. Terms in Animation 3. Evolution Of Animation 4. Traditional Animation 5. Computer Animation 6. Five Useful Presentation Techniques 7. Traditional & Computer Animation 8. Computer Assisted traditional animation 9. Career in Animation 10. India's animation industry 11. Prerequisites to start career in animation 12. Future of animation in India 13. Bibliography Meaning Animation is the filming a sequence of drawings or positions of models to create an illusion of movement. It is an optical illusion of motion due to the phenomenon of persistence of vision. History The Earliest form of Animation The first examples of trying to capture motion into a drawing can already be found in paleolithic cave paintings, where animals are depicted with multiple legs in superimposed positions, clearly attempting to depict a sense of motion. Shadow Puppetry was also an animation ancestor, e.g. the Indonesian animated shadow puppet called Wayang around 900 a.d. Film animation In the early 1890s, Thomas Edison's Kinetoscope was invented. The history of film animation begins with the earliest days of silent films and continues through the present day. The first animated film was created by frenchman Charles-Émile Reynaud, inventor of the praxinoscope, an animation system using loops of 12 pictures. On October 28, 1892 at Musée Grévin in Paris, France he exhibited animations consisting of loops of about 500 frames, using his théatre optique system - similar in principle to a modern film projector. The first animation on standard picture film was Humorous Phases of Funny Faces by J. Stuart Blackton in the year 1906. It features a cartoonist drawing faces on a chalkboard, and the faces coming to life. Fantasmagorie, by the French director Émile Cohl (also called Émile Courtet), is also noteworthy; it was projected for the first time on August 17, 1908 at 'Théâtre du Gymnase', in Paris. Émile Courtet later went to Fort Lee, New Jersey near New York City in 1912, where he worked for French studio Éclair and spread its technique in the US. The first puppet-animated film was The Beautiful Lukanida (1910) by the Russian-born ethnically-Polish Director Wladyslaw Starewicz (Ladislas Starevich) The first animated feature film was El Apóstol, made in 1917 by Quirino Cristiani from Argentina. He also directed two other animated feature films, including 1931's Peludopolis, the first to use synchronized sound. None of them, however, survive to the present day; the earliest-surviving animated feature, which used colour-tinted scenes, is the silhouette-animated Adventures of Prince Achmed (1926) from German Lotte Reiniger and French/Hungarian Berthold Bartosch. Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, often considered to be the first animated feature when in fact at least eight were previously released, was the nevertheless first to use Technicolor and the first to become successful within the English-speaking world. Intro To 2-D Animations To animate means to bring to life and communicate feelings through storytelling. Students of all ages can create animations with new technologies. Telling a story that communicates emotions to an audience involves deep thinking, creativity and reflection. The old saying, “A picture says a thousand words,” is very true with animation because the picture moves, and is alive. And there is usually other media such as sound to add another layer of meaning. "An animator is an actor with a pencil", goes the oldest and truest animation cliché. Not "a draftsman that acts", but first and foremost - an actor. If you're trying to tell a story through a character, inevitably you're an actor. The only question is whether you are a good actor or a bad one. In 2D computer animation, animator makes the drawings by the help of digitalizers on a computer screen, not on a paper, which is made by hand working. On the other hand there is another possibility that one can transfer the products of traditional animation that were ones produced on paper to computer by scanning. Some primitive drawing forms like square; circle, line and the tools for an artist like eraser, brush, and airbrush are simulated in computer. There is no need for the user who produces computer animation to use a ruler to draw a line, to struggle with the measurements for a milimetric square or to mix different colors to obtain the desired color. These kinds of simple operations are made with a high sensitivity by the computer software. At the end, computer gives the opportunity to the user to get an outcome for his/her animation through a printer, a video, etc. What is Computer Animation? By the help of technological improvements the transfer of traditional two dimensional animation productions to computers made many things easy for the animators. Though some of the traditional animators don’t feel close to computer-based animations, computers gave the animators much more time to spent on creative thought since the in-between frames are drawn and painted by computers instead of assistant animators. The rapid development of computer software’s directed the animators toward producing animations by computer. What is 3-D Computer Animation? A 3-D computer animation is fundamentally a dynamic illustration created on a computer. Method: -Like traditional cel-animation, a computer animation consists of a series of individual still images. Unlike cel-animation, these images are created on a computer and stored one at a time in the computer. When they are viewed at the normal playback speed of 30 frames per second, the result is a moving picture, or animation. The graphic images can then be recorded onto videotape or laser disc to create video animations. It is important to remember that the computer is only a tool used to improve the generation and the accuracy of the animation. Benefits Provided by 3-D Computer Animation A computer animation can graphically simplify complex concepts and it can convey complex interrelationships which are difficult to visualize. Animations are able to take thousands of disparate facts and compress them into a compact package, which can be presented in a coherent manner. 3-D computer animation captures attention A computer animation can re-create an event, which is too expensive or too dangerous to reproduce, such as an aircraft accident. It can re-create a scene which has been altered or which no longer exists, such as a building which has been demolished. When used as an illustrative tool, computer animation can help the presenter maintain focus. A speaker who might otherwise be uncomfortable has a tool to enhance his speech so that he can provide a more thorough, confident and interesting presentation. Often computer animation can enhance the credibility of the speaker more than a recitation of credentials. Five useful presentation techniques are available in 3-D computer animation which are not provided by traditional visual aids: Viewpoint can be dynamically changed so that objects and events can be viewed from virtually any vantage point. For instance, the audience can be transported to the scene of an event and shown the scene from above, from the side and even from below. Motion develops a precise chronology of events illustrating complex relationships of time and space. Events can be shown in slow motion while changes which took days or even years can be condensed into a few minutes. Detailing helps direct the audience's attention to a particular part of a mechanism or moment in an event. The camera can zoom in on details and color can be used to highlight important features. The action can also be paused to allow the viewer to focus on the most critical moments while maintaining the context of the event. Dissolves are used to make visual obstructions fade or vanish, thereby allowing the audience to go where it is physically impossible to go with a normal camera (such as inside an engine or a human body). Photographs or live video can be dissolved into computer animations to remind the viewer that the animation is accurate and based upon events in the real world Morphing is a special effect, which allows one object to transform into another right before the observer's eyes. According to production levels, possibilities and differences of obtained results computer made animations are technically divided into two parts: two and three-dimensional animation. In this respect, it seems logical to start with the classical definition of animation. Its definition is “to create many stable images which show an object in a movement and to direct us to think as if it moves by the help of playing these images one after the other. Another definition is “In traditional frame-by-frame animation, the illusion of motion is created by filming a sequence of hand-painted cells and they playing the images back at high speeds, typically 14 to 30 frames per second” As it is understood from these definitions, it is necessary to create image frames, which are related to each other to form an animation presentation. In early times, this operation was being made by hand and called traditional animation. Every frame was drawn one by one and then painted by hand on paper, celluloid or film. Even the assistants were comforting the animator by drawing and painting the in-between frames, which complete the movement while the experienced animators were drawing the key frames. With this method it is obvious that a 3-4 minute long animation is very troublesome and requires a lot of time when it is thought that a minute animation requires 12-24 frames per second. Another operation, which also needs high care, is to take, photograph each frame one by one by using a movie camera.
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