3D Compositing and Visual Effects ITP 360 (3 Units)
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Digital Compositing Is an Essential Part of Visual Effects, Which Are
Digital compositing is an essential part of visual effects, which are everywhere in the entertainment industry today—in feature fi lms, television commercials, and even many TV shows. And it’s growing. Even a non- effects fi lm will have visual effects. It might be a love story or a comedy, but there will always be something that needs to be added or removed from the picture to tell the story. And that is the short description of what visual effects are all about— adding elements to a picture that are not there, or removing something that you don’t want to be there. And digital compositing plays a key role in all visual effects. The things that are added to the picture can come from practically any source today. We might be add- ing an actor or a model from a piece of fi lm or video tape. Or perhaps the mission is to add a spaceship or dinosaur that was created entirely in a computer, so it is referred to as a computer generated image (CGI). Maybe the element to be added is a matte painting done in Adobe Photoshop®. Some elements might even be created by the compositor himself. It is the digital compositor that takes these dis- parate elements, no matter how they were created, and blends them together artistically into a seam- less, photorealistic whole. The digital compositor’s mission is to make them appear as if they were all shot together at the same time under the same lights with the same camera, and then give the shot its fi nal artistic polish with superb color correction. -
The Uses of Animation 1
The Uses of Animation 1 1 The Uses of Animation ANIMATION Animation is the process of making the illusion of motion and change by means of the rapid display of a sequence of static images that minimally differ from each other. The illusion—as in motion pictures in general—is thought to rely on the phi phenomenon. Animators are artists who specialize in the creation of animation. Animation can be recorded with either analogue media, a flip book, motion picture film, video tape,digital media, including formats with animated GIF, Flash animation and digital video. To display animation, a digital camera, computer, or projector are used along with new technologies that are produced. Animation creation methods include the traditional animation creation method and those involving stop motion animation of two and three-dimensional objects, paper cutouts, puppets and clay figures. Images are displayed in a rapid succession, usually 24, 25, 30, or 60 frames per second. THE MOST COMMON USES OF ANIMATION Cartoons The most common use of animation, and perhaps the origin of it, is cartoons. Cartoons appear all the time on television and the cinema and can be used for entertainment, advertising, 2 Aspects of Animation: Steps to Learn Animated Cartoons presentations and many more applications that are only limited by the imagination of the designer. The most important factor about making cartoons on a computer is reusability and flexibility. The system that will actually do the animation needs to be such that all the actions that are going to be performed can be repeated easily, without much fuss from the side of the animator. -
Simulating Humans: Computer Graphics, Animation, and Control
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Center for Human Modeling and Simulation Department of Computer & Information Science 6-1-1993 Simulating Humans: Computer Graphics, Animation, and Control Bonnie L. Webber University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Cary B. Phillips University of Pennsylvania Norman I. Badler University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/hms Recommended Citation Webber, B. L., Phillips, C. B., & Badler, N. I. (1993). Simulating Humans: Computer Graphics, Animation, and Control. Retrieved from https://repository.upenn.edu/hms/68 Reprinted with Permission by Oxford University Press. Reprinted from Simulating humans: computer graphics animation and control, Norman I. Badler, Cary B. Phillips, and Bonnie L. Webber (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), 283 pages. Author URL: http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~badler/book/book.html This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/hms/68 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Simulating Humans: Computer Graphics, Animation, and Control Abstract People are all around us. They inhabit our home, workplace, entertainment, and environment. Their presence and actions are noted or ignored, enjoyed or disdained, analyzed or prescribed. The very ubiquitousness of other people in our lives poses a tantalizing challenge to the computational modeler: people are at once the most common object of interest and yet the most structurally complex. Their everyday movements are amazingly uid yet demanding to reproduce, with actions driven not just mechanically by muscles and bones but also cognitively by beliefs and intentions. Our motor systems manage to learn how to make us move without leaving us the burden or pleasure of knowing how we did it. -
Introduction to Computer Graphics and Animation
NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA COURSE CODE :CIT 371 COURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND ANIMATION 1 2 COURSE GUIDE CIT 371 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND ANIMATION Course Team Mr. F. E. Ekpenyong (Writer) – NDA Course Editor Programme Leader Course Coordinator 3 NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA National Open University of Nigeria Headquarters 14/16 Ahmadu Bello Way Victoria Island Lagos Abuja Office No. 5 Dar es Salaam Street Off Aminu Kano Crescent Wuse II, Abuja Nigeria e-mail: [email protected] URL: www.nou.edu.ng Published By: National Open University of Nigeria Printed 2009 ISBN: All Rights Reserved 4 CONTENTS PAGE Introduction………………………………………………………… 1 What you will Learn in this Course…………………………………. 1 Course Aims… … … … … … … … 4 Course Objectives……….… … … … … … 4 Working through this Course… … … … … … 5 The Course Material… … … … … … 5 Study Units… … … … … … … 6 Presentation Schedule… … … … … … … 7 Assessments… … … … … … … … 7 Tutor Marked Assignment… … … … … … 7 Final Examination and Grading… … … … … … 8 Course Marking Scheme… … … … … … … 8 Facilitators/Tutors and Tutorials… … … … … 9 Summary… … … … … … … … … 9 5 Introduction Computer graphics is concerned with producing images and animations (or sequences of images) using a computer. This includes the hardware and software systems used to make these images. The task of producing photo-realistic images is an extremely complex one, but this is a field that is in great demand because of the nearly limitless variety of applications. The field of computer graphics has grown enormously over the past 10–20 years, and many software systems have been developed for generating computer graphics of various sorts. This can include systems for producing 3-dimensional models of the scene to be drawn, the rendering software for drawing the images, and the associated user- interface software and hardware. -
Introduction Week 1, Lecture 1
CS 430 Computer Graphics Introduction Week 1, Lecture 1 David Breen, William Regli and Maxim Peysakhov Department of Computer Science Drexel University 1 Overview • Course Policies/Issues • Brief History of Computer Graphics • The Field of Computer Graphics: A view from 66,000ft • Structure of this course • Homework overview • Introduction and discussion of homework #1 2 Computer Graphics I: Course Goals • Provide introduction to fundamentals of 2D and 3D computer graphics – Representation (lines/curves/surfaces) – Drawing, clipping, transformations and viewing – Implementation of a basic graphics system • draw lines using Postscript • simple frame buffer with PBM & PPM format • ties together 3D projection and 2D drawing 3 Interactive Computer Graphics CS 432 • Learn and program WebGL • Computer Graphics was a pre-requisite – Not anymore • Looks at graphics “one level up” from CS 430 • Useful for Games classes • Part of the HCI and Game Development & Design tracks? 5 Advanced Rendering Techniques (Advanced Computer Graphics) • Might be offered in the Spring term • 3D Computer Graphics • CS 430/536 is a pre-requisite • Implement Ray Tracing algorithm • Lighting, rendering, photorealism • Study Radiosity and Photon Mapping 7 ART Student Images 8 Computer Graphics I: Technical Material • Course coverage – Mathematical preliminaries – 2D lines and curves – Geometric transformations – Line and polygon drawing – 3D viewing, 3D curves and surfaces – Splines, B-Splines and NURBS – Solid Modeling – Color, hidden surface removal, Z-buffering 9 -
Audiovisual Spatial Congruence, and Applications to 3D Sound and Stereoscopic Video
Audiovisual spatial congruence, and applications to 3D sound and stereoscopic video. C´edricR. Andr´e Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty of Applied Sciences University of Li`ege,Belgium Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Engineering Sciences December 2013 This page intentionally left blank. ©University of Li`ege,Belgium This page intentionally left blank. Abstract While 3D cinema is becoming increasingly established, little effort has fo- cused on the general problem of producing a 3D sound scene spatially coher- ent with the visual content of a stereoscopic-3D (s-3D) movie. The percep- tual relevance of such spatial audiovisual coherence is of significant interest. In this thesis, we investigate the possibility of adding spatially accurate sound rendering to regular s-3D cinema. Our goal is to provide a perceptually matched sound source at the position of every object producing sound in the visual scene. We examine and contribute to the understanding of the usefulness and the feasibility of this combination. By usefulness, we mean that the technology should positively contribute to the experience, and in particular to the storytelling. In order to carry out experiments proving the usefulness, it is necessary to have an appropriate s-3D movie and its corresponding 3D audio soundtrack. We first present the procedure followed to obtain this joint 3D video and audio content from an existing animated s-3D movie, problems encountered, and some of the solutions employed. Second, as s-3D cinema aims at providing the spectator with a strong impression of being part of the movie (sense of presence), we investigate the impact of the spatial rendering quality of the soundtrack on the reported sense of presence. -
Compositor Objective: to Utilize and Expand My Compositing Expertise
MICHAEL NIKITIN Compositor IMDB: http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2810977/ 1010 President Street #4H Brooklyn NY 11225 Phone: (415) 509-0711 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.udachi.org/compositing.html Objective: To utilize and expand my compositing expertise Software • Expert user of Nuke, Mocha • Proficient in After Effects, Syntheyes, Photoshop Skills • Keying • 2D & 3D tracking • Camera projection • Multipass CG assembly • Particle simulation • DEEP compositing • Stereoscopic techniques March 2016 – present FuseFX (New York, NY) Compositor «American Made» «Luke Cage» «Iron Fist» «Blacklist» «Sneaky Pete» «Notorious» «13 Reasons Why» «The Get Down» «Mr. Robot» • Worked on a wide variety of episodic TV shows and feature films in a fast-turnaround environment utilizing my tracking, keying, match-grading, retiming and, above all, quick thinking skills January 2017 – February 2017 ShadeFX (New York, NY) Compositor «Rough Night» • Worked on several sequences involving 3d tracking, re-projected matte paintings, and a variety of keying techniques December 2015 – March 2016 Mr.X Gotham (New York, NY) Compositor «Billy Lynn’s Long Halftime Walk» • Working on a stereo film project shot at 120FPS. Projections of crowds, flashlights, and particles onto multi-tier geometry, keying, stereo-specific fixes (split-eye color correction, convergence, interactive lighting.) September 2015 – November 2015 Zoic, Inc. (New York, NY) Compositor «Limitless» (TV Show) «Quantico» (TV Show) «Blindspot» (TV Show) • Keying, 2D, palanar, and 3D tracking, camera projections, roto/paint fixes as needed February 2015 – August 2015 Moving Picture Company (Montreal, QC) Compositor «Goosebumps» «Tarzan» «Frankenstein» • Combined and integrated a variety of elements coming from Lighting, Matchmove, Matte Painting and FX departments with live action plates. -
The Palgrave Handbook of Screen Production
The Palgrave Handbook of Screen Production Edited by Craig Batty · Marsha Berry · Kath Dooley Bettina Frankham · Susan Kerrigan The Palgrave Handbook of Screen Production Craig Batty • Marsha Berry Kath Dooley • Bettina Frankham Susan Kerrigan Editors The Palgrave Handbook of Screen Production Editors Craig Batty Marsha Berry University of Technology Sydney RMIT University Sydney, NSW, Australia Melbourne, VIC, Australia Kath Dooley Bettina Frankham Curtin University University of Technology Sydney Bentley, WA, Australia Sydney, NSW, Australia Susan Kerrigan University of Newcastle Callaghan, NSW, Australia ISBN 978-3-030-21743-3 ISBN 978-3-030-21744-0 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21744-0 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprint- ing, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, com- puter software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. -
Computer Animation in an Intuitive Way
An Interactive method to control Computer Animation in an intuitive way. Andrea Piscitello Ettore Trainiti University of Illinois at Chicago University of Illinois at Chicago 1200 W Harrison St, Chicago, IL 1200 W Harrison St, Chicago, IL [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT keyframe by defining the position of each vertex, may result Human Computer Interaction is a rising field of computer in very tedious task to perform. For this reason, skeletal an- science and perfectly fits among Computer Graphics scopes. imation is often preferred. This method is composed of two The video-game industry is focusing on this field in order phases: rigging and animation. Rigging consists in defining to provide always more realistic and engaging game expe- a skeleton made of bones. Parts of the mesh are associated riences. The bond between animation and user movement to each of these bones in order to define which bone is re- seems to be destinated to be closer in future. sponsible of deforming a part of the object. The animation is then designed by defining the position of each bone in each Author Keywords keyframe and interpolating the inbetweens. For big produc- Keyframing, Rigging, Mophing, Warping, Blending. tions like movies and videogames, the animation design is executed by means of more powerful techniques like for in- INTRODUCTION stance motion capture. Motion Capture is a technique, which Computer Animation is the process of generating animated takes advantage of special suits that actors dress and that cap- images in computer graphics scenes. It is one of the most an- ture every movement they do. -
Group Simulation of Three Agents Using Unity3d Vincent Wong Max Turpeinen [email protected] [email protected]
Bachelor’s Project in simulation and virtual design KTH Royal Institute of Technology Group Simulation of Three Agents using Unity3D Vincent Wong Max Turpeinen [email protected] [email protected] KTH Royal Institute of Technology | Supervisor: Christopher Peters Link to our blog: http://www.crowdsimulationkth.blogspot.se/ Figure 1: Screen captures from our scene with the latest implementation of our model. Abstract Crowd simulation refers to simulating a large number of agents trying to replicate collective behavior in 3D computer graphics. For this, we have been using the game engine Unity 3D. In our work we are mainly focusing on group formations consisting of 3 agents. Each group is assigned a leader which keeps track of formations and evading collisions. The groups can take on four different formations, working like a finite state machine. In our general scenario, two groups could face, making it useful to adapt the formations and movement direction to avoid each other. We have been implementing our own model after having looked at different major concept already existing in the world of crowd simulation. You could define our model as a hybrid rule-based one, seeing that we have a smaller group working in a way like a single entity, making its judgment dependent on checks with corresponding rules. Virtual cinematography reflecting for most parts real human behavior in one or several 1. Introduction groups interacting. The major industry lays in Crowd simulation is all about simulating a making films and games using 3D computer large number of entities, also known as agents graphics but is also used for public safety as a greater group, instead of individuals. -
A Crash Course Workshop in Filmmaking, Lighting and Audio
Creating a Successful Video Pitch a crash course workshop in filmmaking, lighting and audio fundamentals Brian Staszel, Carnegie Mellon University November 10, 2016 [email protected] @stasarama My background • Currently the Multimedia Designer & Video Director for the Robotics Institute @ Carnegie Mellon University • Currently teaching “Intro to Multimedia Design” at CMU Students write, create graphics, record sound and animate • Taught filmmaking, lighting, animation courses at Pittsburgh Filmmakers • Design agency & corporate client experience Key Takeaways • Write something fresh. Avoid cliché or overdone concepts. • Stabilize your camera, movement should flow nicely (not distract) • Audio that is clear, well recorded and precisely delivered is critical • Vary shot sizes, use interesting angles, create graphic visual breaks • Be creative with the tools (camera, smart phones, natural light) and reflect a theme and style inspired by your product/service Sample Video Styles • Interview + B-roll: Project Birdhouse / Ballbot • Explainer Animation: How reCaptcha Works • Dramatization: Lighting Fundamentals samples • Or a combination of all three. filmmaking is creative/technical writing film language editing visual design transitions sketching team mangement screen direction planning task delegation title design composition audio recording graphic production direction of camera narration vs live motion graphics direction of subjects synchronizing audio animation control camera movement audio editing compositing audio mixing keyframe animation cinematography -
Brief History of Special/Visual Effects in Film
Brief History of Special/Visual Effects in Film Early years, 1890s. • Birth of cinema -- 1895, Paris, Lumiere brothers. Cinematographe. • Earlier, 1890, W.K.L .Dickson, assistant to Edison, developed Kinetograph. • One of these films included the world’s first known special effect shot, The Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, by Alfred Clarke, 1895. Georges Melies • Father of Special Effects • Son of boot-maker, purchased Theatre Robert-Houdin in Paris, produced stage illusions and such as Magic Lantern shows. • Witnessed one of first Lumiere shows, and within three months purchased a device for use with Edison’s Kinetoscope, and developed his own prototype camera. • Produced one-shot films, moving versions of earlier shows, accidentally discovering “stop-action” for himself. • Soon using stop-action, double exposure, fast and slow motion, dissolves, and perspective tricks. Georges Melies • Cinderella, 1899, stop-action turns pumpkin into stage coach and rags into a gown. • Indian Rubber Head, 1902, uses split- screen by masking areas of film and exposing again, “exploding” his own head. • A Trip to the Moon, 1902, based on Verne and Wells -- 21 minute epic, trompe l’oeil, perspective shifts, and other tricks to tell story of Victorian explorers visiting the moon. • Ten-year run as best-known filmmaker, but surpassed by others such as D.W. Griffith and bankrupted by WW I. Other Effects Pioneers, early 1900s. • Robert W. Paul -- copied Edison’s projector and built his own camera and projection system to sell in England. Produced films to sell systems, such as The Haunted Curiosity Shop (1901) and The ? Motorist (1906).