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Universidad De Otavalo Carrera Diseño Gráfico UNIVERSIDAD DE OTAVALO CARRERA DISEÑO GRÁFICO LA FOTOGRAFÍA DOCUMENTAL COMO HERRAMIENTA DE DIFUSIÓN DE LAS TRADICIONES Y COSTUMBRES DEL PUEBLO KICHWA OTAVALO TRABAJO PREVIO A LA OBTENCIÓN DEL TÍTULO: INGENIERO EN DISEÑO GRÁFICO AUTOR: JORGE LEONARDO GUERRERO PORTILLA TUTOR: MSC. INTI QUIMBO OTAVALO, AGOSTO 2019 I DECLARACIÓN DE AUTORÍA Yo, JORGE LEONARDO GUERRERO PORTILLA, declaro que este trabajo es de mi total autoría, que no ha sido previamente presentado para grado alguno o calificación profesional. La Universidad de Otavalo puede hacer uso de los derechos correspondientes, según lo establecido por la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual, por su reglamento y por la normativa institucional vigente. ---------------------------------- Jorge Leonardo Guerrero Portilla 1003557087 II CERTIFICACIÓN DEL TUTOR Certifico que el proyecto de investigación titulado “La fotografía documental como herramienta de difusión de las tradiciones y costumbres del pueblo Kichwa Otavalo” bajo mi dirección y supervisión, constituye el trabajo de titulación para aspirar al título de Ingeniero en Diseño Gráfico del estudiante Jorge Leonardo Guerrero Portilla, y cumple con todas las condiciones requeridas por el Reglamento de Trabajos de titulación (Arts 16 y 25) ---------------------------------- MSC. Inti Quimbo III DEDICATORIA A Dios en primer lugar por haberme dado la salud y la fortaleza para cumplir todas mis metas y proyectos, a mis padres por ser mi principal motivación y apoyo en todo momento. Dedicado con todo cariño al pueblo Kichwa Otavalo para aportar de alguna manera a la conservación y valoración de la identidad cultural. IV AGRADECIMIENTOS A todos y cada uno de los fotografiados y entrevistados por su valioso aporte para el desarrollo de la investigación. A mi tutor de trabajo de grado el MSC. Inti Quimbo por su contribución y orientación en la parte teórica y práctica. A la PhD. Lidia Díaz por su colaboración en el área de la metodología de la investigación. V ÍNDICE DE CONTENIDO DECLARACIÓN DE AUTORÍA ............................................................................... II CERTIFICACIÓN DEL TUTOR ............................................................................. III DEDICATORIA ...................................................................................................... IV AGRADECIMIENTOS ............................................................................................ V RESUMEN ............................................................................................................... I ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ II INTRODUCCIÓN .................................................................................................... 1 ANTECEDENTES .................................................................................................. 2 SITUACIÓN PROBLEMÁTICA ............................................................................... 3 JUSTIFICACIÓN .................................................................................................... 3 PROBLEMA CIENTÍFICO ...................................................................................... 4 OBJETIVOS ........................................................................................................... 4 OBJETIVO GENERAL ......................................................................................... 4 OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS ............................................................................... 4 HIPÓTESIS ............................................................................................................ 4 DECLARACIÓN DE VARIABLES ........................................................................... 5 VARIABLE INDEPENDIENTE ............................................................................. 5 VARIABLE DEPENDIENTE: ............................................................................... 5 PREGUNTAS DE INVESTIGACIÓN ...................................................................... 5 OPERACIONALIZACIÓN DE VARIABLES ............................................................ 6 MÉTODOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN .......................................................................... 7 MÉTODO HISTÓRICO LÓGICO ......................................................................... 7 MÉTODO ANALÍTICO SINTÉTICO ..................................................................... 7 MÉTODO INDUCTIVO - DEDUCTIVO ................................................................ 7 MÉTODO ESTADÍSTICO .................................................................................... 7 LA ENCUESTA ................................................................................................... 7 LA ENTREVISTA ................................................................................................ 7 APORTES DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN ...................................................................... 8 PRINCIPALES IMPACTOS ESPERADOS .......................................................... 8 IMPACTO SOCIAL .................................................................................... 8 IMPACTO CULTURAL .............................................................................. 8 I IMPACTO EDUCATIVO ............................................................................ 8 ESTRUCTURA CAPITULAR .................................................................................. 9 CRONOGRAMA DE EJECUCIÓN DEL PROYECTO .......................................... 10 CAPÍTULO 1. MARCO TEÓRICO ........................................................................ 11 1.1. LA FOTOGRAFÍA DOCUMENTAL .......................................................... 11 1.2. INICIOS E HISTORIA BREVE. ................................................................ 11 1.3. EVOLUCIÓN DE LA FOTOGRAFÍA DOCUMENTAL .............................. 13 1.4. LLEGADA DEL COLOR ............................................................................ 15 1.5. FOTOGRAFÍA DOCUMENTAL EN EL ECUADOR ................................. 16 1.5.1. INICIOS DE LA FOTOGRAFÍA DOCUMENTAL EN EL ECUADOR ..................................................................................................... 16 1.5.2. SITUACIÓN ACTUAL DE LA FOTOGRAFÍA DOCUMENTAL EN EL ECUADOR ..................................................................................................... 17 1.6. FOTOGRAFÍA DOCUMENTAL CONTEMPORÁNEA ................................ 19 1.6.1. Características de la fotografía documental ............................................ 19 1.7. JUSTIFICACIÓN DEL USO DE LA FOTOGRAFÍA DOCUMENTAL EN EL PROYECTO ...................................................................................................... 21 1.8. EXPERIENCIA PERSONAL EN EL TRABAJO DE CAMPO ................... 23 1.9. POTENCIALIDAD DE LA FOTOGRAFÍA DOCUMENTAL COMO HERRAMIENTA DE DIFUSIÓN. ....................................................................... 24 1.10 PUEBLO KICHWA OTAVALO ................................................................... 25 1.11. QUÉ ES UNA NACIONALIDAD INDÍGENA ............................................ 25 1.12. QUÉ ES UN PUEBLO INDÍGENA ........................................................... 25 1.13. QUÉ ES UNA TRADICIÓN ...................................................................... 25 1.14. QUÉ ES UNA COSTUMBRE .................................................................. 25 1.15. TRADICIONES Y COSTUMBRES DEL PUEBLO KICHWA OTAVALO .. 26 1.15.1. PAWKAR RAYMI .............................................................................. 26 1.15.2. KOYA RAYMI ..................................................................................... 27 1.15.3. INTI RAYMI ........................................................................................ 28 1.15.4. KAPAC RAYMI ................................................................................... 29 1.15.5. MUSHUK NINA .................................................................................. 30 1.15.6. WAKCHA KARAY .............................................................................. 31 1.15.7. CORAZA ............................................................................................ 31 II 1.15.8. VESTIMENTA .................................................................................... 32 1.15.9. PRENDAS DE LA VESTIMENTA DEL PUEBLO OTAVALO. ............. 33 1.15.10. INDUMENTARIA FEMENINA ........................................................... 33 1.15.11. INDUMENTARIA MASCULINA ........................................................ 34 1.15.12. PRODUCCIÓN TEXTIL DEL PUEBLO OTAVALO .......................... 35 1.15.13. PATRIMONIO ALIMENTARIO DEL PUEBLO KICHWA OTAVALO. 37 1.15.14. CHICHA DEL YAMOR...................................................................... 37 1.15.15. PRÁCTICAS ARTÍSTICAS ............................................................... 38 1.15.16. MÚSICA ........................................................................................... 38 1.15.17. DANZA ............................................................................................. 39 1.15.19. SABERES ANCESTRALES ............................................................. 40 1.15.20. MEDICINA ANCESTRAL ................................................................. 40 1.16. DISEÑO EDITORIAL ............................................................................... 41 1.16.1 DISEÑO EDITORIAL
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