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Values of Protected Landscapes and Seascapes 1 Values of Protected Landscapes and Seascapes Values of Protected Landscapes and Seascapes A series published by the Protected Landscapes Task Force of IUCN’s World Commission on Protected Areas Series Editorial Team: Thora Amend, Jessica Brown, Ashish Kothari, Adrian Phillips and Sue Stolton Protected Landscapes and Cultural and Spiritual Values Edited by Josep-Maria Mallarach Volume produced in partnership between the WCPA Protected Landscapes Task Force and the Task Force on Cultural and Spiritual Values of Protected Areas. Volume Editorial Advisory Team: Jessica Brown, Thymio Papayannis, Fausto Sarmiento and Rob Wild ISBN 978-3-925064-60-9 Published by Kasparek Verlag Heidelberg, 2008 Legal Deposit GI-1229-2008 (Catalan library reference number) Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Inter- net at http://dnb.d-nb.de Citation Josep-Maria Mallarach (ed.) 2008. Protected Landscapes and Cultural and Spiritual Values. Volume 2 in the series Values of Protected Lands- capes and Seascapes, IUCN, GTZ and Obra Social de Caixa Catalunya. Kasparek Verlag, Heidelberg. Publisher Published on behalf of GTZ, IUCN and Obra Social de Caixa Catalunya by: Kasparek Verlag D - Mönchhofstr. 16 69120 Heidelberg, Germany www.kasparek-verlag.de Addresses IUCN - World Conservation Union RueMauverney 28 CH - Gland 1196, Switzerland www.iucn. org Deustche Gesellschaft für technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH Postfach 5180 D - 65726 Eschborn, Germany www.gtz.de Obra Social Caixa Catalunya c/ Provença, 261-265 - baixos (La Pedrera) E- 08008 Barcelona, Spain http://obrasocial.caixacatalunya.es/ Linguistic correction Michael Lockwood Layout and printed Original layout of series: kunse.com Present volume: Impremta Aubert Pol. Ind. Can Coromines 17857 Sant Joan les Fonts, Spain www.aubert.cat Copyright © IUCN, GTZ and Obra social de Caixa Catalunya, 2008. All rights reserved. Reproduction for non-commercial purposes is permit- ted provided the source is fully acknowledged. It is requested to send a copy of any reproduction made to GTZ. Preface 7 by Thora Amend, Jessica Brown, Ashish Kothari, Adrian Philips and Sue Stolton Protected landscapes and cultural and spiritual values: an overview 9 by Josep-Maria Mallarach Around the sacred mountain: the St Katherine Protectorate in South Sinai, 21 Egypt by John Grainger and Francis Gilbert Telling stories: managing cultural values at Yuraygir National Park, 38 Australia by Steve Brown Characteristic Mt. Athos landscapes: the case of the Holy Simonopetra 51 Monastery, Greece by Thymio Papayannis Protecting Seascapes:Vitoria Island, Ilhabela State Park, Brazil 64 by Marilia Britto de Moraes, Mariana Almeida Pirró, Roberto Costa and Alain Briatte Mantchev Beyul Khumbu: the Sherpa and Sagarmatha (Mount Everest) National Park 68 and Buffer Zone, Nepal by Jeremy Spoon and Lhakpa Norbu Sherpa The monastic landscape of Poblet: a place where spirituality, culture and 80 nature join hands, Spain by Lluc M. Torcal and Josep-Maria Mallarach Integrating traditional values and management regimes into Madagascar’s 92 expandedprotected area system: the case of Ankodida by Charlie Gardner, Barry Ferguson, Flavien Rebara and Nanie Ratsifandrihamanana Dancing the Ramayana in Angkor, Cambodia 104 by Liza Higgins-Zogib Sacred Imbakucha: intangibles in the conservation of cultural landscapes of 114 Ecuador by Fausto O. Sarmiento, César Cotacachi and Lee Ellen Carter How protection took the beauty from the land: conflicting values and 132 meanings of Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda by Mark Infield, Eunice Mahoro Duli, Mugisha R Arthur and Patrick Rubagyema The monastic area of Vanatori-Neamt Natural Park, Romania 146 by Sebastian Catanoiu and Benedict Sauciuc The Dzibilchaltún Cultural Park, México 149 by María de Jesús Ordóñez, Mercedes Otegui Acha, Celia López and Paloma Rodríguez Demojong: a sacred site within a Sikkimese Himalayan landscape, India 159 by Palayanoor Sivaswamy Ramakrishnan Caring for the ‘Heart of the World’, Colombia 170 by Danilo Villfañe Jabal La’lam, a sacred mountain in northern Morocco 173 by Zakia Zouanat Landscape, aesthetics and changing cultural values in the British National 177 Parks by Sue Stolton, Shelagh Hourahane, Charlie Falzon and Nigel Dudley, with boxes by Adrian Phillips and Graham Lee 7 Preface to the volume by the Series Editor Team by Thora Amend, Jessica Brown, Ashish Kothari, Adrian Philips and Sue Stolton This is the second volume in the new series on the Val- regions in which they are found. Indeed such landscapes ues of Protected Landscapes and Seascapes produced have deep significance for people all around the world. by the Protected Landscapes Task Force of IUCN’s World While this can express itself in different ways in different Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA). In launching the cultures, there is a common thread: such landscapes in- series early in 2008, we explained the rationale behind spire affection and respect, reinforce cultural identity and protected landscapes: some lived-in landscapes are so are vital for spiritual well-being. This volume has broken important for conservation and sustainable development new ground by documenting on a global scale the non- that they deserve special protection and IUCN has recog- material values that are to be found in protected land- nised such landscapes in which effective national or local scapes. The introduction to the case studies shows just conservation measures are already in place as Category how varied this contribution is from around the world and V protected areas: Protected Landscape and Seascapes. draws important policy conclusions. As protected areas based on the interactions of people and nature over time, these places sustain biological and In selecting the case studies for this volume, the focus was cultural diversity, as well as being valuable in many other not on any particular designation, but rather on whether ways. We explained too that, while the Protected Land- the landscape qualities and management objectives of a scapes Task Force had begun to document these values1, site are in keeping with those of Category V protected land- we felt that there was need for more detailed examination, scapes. So, as with the first volume on agrobiodiversity, explanation and advocacy of these landscapes in order this volume includes case studies about areas that appear to promote a wider understanding of the range of benefits to be suitable for Category V status, but which have not that Category V protected areas have to offer: hence, the as yet been recognised as such. Thus, while some case publication of this series on the values of Protected Land- studies are of places that are classified as Category V pro- scapes and Seascapes, in which each volume will explore tected areas and are already listed as such on the UNEP/ the different values that this category provides through a WCMC World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA), oth- set of case studies preceded by a synthesis section dis- ers are partly assigned to another category, whilst others cussing the lessons to be learnt. have no recognition in the IUCN system of management categories. The first volume in the series, Protected Landscapes and Agrobiodiversity Values2, was well received. We are con- Nationally and internationally too, the position is complex. fident that this second volume, The Cultural and Spiritual Some sites are covered by national legislation, including Values of Protected Landscapes, will be equally useful to a specific Category V legislation, whilst others are not for- wide range of practitioners and policy makers. In produc- mally protected by any legislation or are only community- ing this volume we worked in partnership with the WCPA conserved areas. Some case studies relate to areas that Task Force on the Cultural and Spiritual Values of Protect- have -or could have- other forms of international recogni- ed Areas (CVSPA) and we are delighted that Volume II will tion or protection, such as World Heritage Cultural Land- be published in both English and Spanish, with the Span- scape or Biosphere Reserve. ish version due out later this year. It is clear from this that many countries have not yet under- When we selected the topic of cultural and spiritual val- taken a thorough review of their protected area systems ues for this second volume, we were aware that, for non- in accordance with IUCN advice3. More specifically, it is material reasons, many protected landscapes are of great apparent that there is as yet no universal confidence in the importance to local communities and to the countries and use of the Category V approach and a preference remains for assigning protected areas to other categories that are 1 Notably in Category V Management Guidelines (2002), a special number more familiar, such as Category II. Yet, as in the volume of PARKS on Category V Protected Areas (2003) and a book, The Protected Landscape Approach (2005 on agrobiodiversity values, this new publication shows that 2 Amend T., Brown J., Kothari. A., Phillips A. and Stolton S. (eds.) (2008). Protected Landscapes and Agrobiodiversity Values. (Volume 1 in the Series, Protected Landscapes and Seascapes). IUCN and GTZ. Kasparek 3 Davey A. (1998) National System Planning for Protected Areas, IUCN, Verlag, Heidelberg. Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. 8 many more places could benefit from a formal designation
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