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Vol 29, No 2 (2017) Vol 29, No 2 (2017) Aksara, Edisi Desember 2017 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29255/aksara.v29i2 Table of Contents FRONT COVER FRONT COVER PDF PDF PREFACE PREFACE PDF PDF Articles REPRESENTASI KOLONIALISME DALAM TJERITA NJI PAINA KARYA H. PDF KOMMER 155- 10.29255/aksara.v29i2.72.155-169 169 Diah Meutia Harum EKSISTENSI PUISI INDONESIA DI BALI PADA ERA KOLONIAL PDF 10.29255/aksara.v29i2.192.171-182 171-182 I Nyoman Darma Putra TRANSGENDER DALAM NOVEL CALABAI KARYA PEPI AL BAYQUNIE: PDF KAJIAN IDENTITAS 183- 10.29255/aksara.v29i2.74.183-196 196 Purwaningsih Purwaningsih PEMAKNAAN MOTIF TABU DALAM CERITA RAKYAT DI WILAYAH PDF BEKAS KERAJAAN MULAWARMAN, KERAJAAN HINDU TERTUA DI 197- INDONESIA 210 10.29255/aksara.v29i2.80.197-210 Derri Ris Rana PENGALIHWAHANAAN PARIBASA BALI LISAN KE DALAM LAGU BALI PDF POPULER 211- 10.29255/aksara.v29i2.124.211-224 224 Ni Nyoman Tanjung Turaeni INTERPRETASI SEGMEN BUNYI BAHASA JAWA KUNA: ANALISIS PDF SPEECH ANALYZER DAN FITUR DISTINGTIF 225- 10.29255/aksara.v29i2.79.225-238 238 Ni Ketut Ratna Erawati MAKNA KOSAKATA “JATUH” DALAM BAHASA SUNDA DAN BAHASA PDF JAWA 239- 10.29255/aksara.v29i2.38.239-252 252 Emma Maemunah IMPLIKATUR KAMPANYE POLITIK DALAM KAIN RENTANG DI RUANG PDF PUBLIK 253- 10.29255/aksara.v29i2.52.253-266 266 Suryo Handono ANALISIS WACANA KRITIS “SEMUA KARENA AHOK” PROGRAM MATA PDF NAJWA METRO TV 267- 10.29255/aksara.v29i2.54.267-282 282 Ni Nyoman Ayu Suciartini INTERPERSONAL METADISCOURSE MARKERS AS PERSUASIVE PDF STRATEGIES IN BARACK OBAMA’S 2012 CAMPAIGN SPEECHES 283- 10.29255/aksara.v29i2.82.283-292 292 Bayu Permana Sukma EKSISTENSI PUISI INDONESIA DI BALI PADA ERA KOLONIAL THE EXISTENCE OF INDONESIAN POETRY IN BALI ON THE COLONIAL ERA I Nyoman Darma Putra Program Studi Sastra Indonesia, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Udayana Jalan Pulau Nias No. 13 Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia Telepon (0361) 224121, Faksimile (0361) 224121 Pos-el: [email protected] Naskah diterima: 11 Agustus 2017; direvisi: 3 Desember 2017; disetujui: 15 Desember 2017 Abstrak Kontribusi Bali pada masa-masa awal perkembangan sastra Indonesia dikenal sebatas karya-karya Panji Tisna. Hal ini tidak mengherankan karena tahun 1930-an Panji Tisna sudah menulis beberapa novel seperti Sukreni Gadis Bali (1936) yang diterbitkan Balai Pustaka dan menjadi karya klasik yang masih mengalami cetak ulang sampai sekarang. Sebetulnya, di luar karya Panji Tisna ada banyak puisi yang dipublikasikan penulis Bali di media massa seperti Surya Kanta, Bali Adnyana, dan Djatajoe, terbit di Singaraja pada era kolonial, 1920-an hingga awal 1940-an. Rumusan penelitian ini mengidentifikasi puisi Indonesia penyair Bali yang terbit pada zaman kolonial dan menganalisis tema-temanya dikaitkan secara intertekstual dengan wacana sosial yang berkembang saat itu. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode studi pustaka dan histori dengan teknik baca dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik dengan teknik pemahaman dan interpretasi. Hasil dan pembahasan penelitian ini menyimpulkan tiga hal. Pertama, puisi penyair Bali ikut memperkaya khasanah sastra Indonesia pada masa awal pertumbu- hannya. Kedua, kehadiran puisi penyair Bali di media massa lokal ikut memperkenalkan sastra nasional di daerah Bali. Ketiga, puisi penyair Bali dijadikan media bagi penulisnya untuk mengartikulasikan kepedulian sosial, misalnya masalah pentingnya pendidikan bagi kaum perempuan dan kekhawatiran masyarakat Bali yang tidak siap menghadapi dampak pariwisata. Kata kunci: sastra Indonesia, masa kolonial, penyair Bali, intertekstualitas Abstract The contribution of Bali in the early of Indonesian literary development is known only to the works of Panji Tisna. This is not surprising since the 1930s Panji Tisna has written several novels such as Sukreni Gadis Bali (1936) published by Balai Pustaka and became a classic work that is still reprint until now. In fact, beside Panji Tisna there are many poems pub- lished by Balinese writers in mass media such as Surya Kanta, Bali Adnyana, and Djatajoe, published in Singaraja in the colonial era, 1920s and early 1940s. This research formulation identifies the Indonesian poetry by Balinese poet published in colonial era and analyzes the intertextually themes related to the social discourse that developed at the time. Data collec- tion using literature study and history methods by reading and documentation techniques. Data were analyzed by analytical descriptive method with understanding and interpretation technique. The results and discussion of this study conclude three things. First, poetry of ISSN 0854-3283 (Print), ISSN 2580-0353 (Online) , Vol. 29, No. 2, Desember 2017 171 Eksistensi Puisi Indonesia di Bali Pada Era Kolonial (I Nyoman Darma Putra) Halaman 171 — 182 Balinese poet enriched the repertoire of Indonesian literature at the beginning of its growth. Secondly, the presence of poetry of Balinese poet in local mass media also introduce national literature in Bali area. Thirdly, poetry of Balinese poet is used as a medium for writers to articulate social concerns, such as the issue of the importance of education for women and the concerns of Balinese who are unprepared for the impact of tourism. Keywords: Indonesian literature, colonial period, Balinese poet, intertextuality PENDAHULUAN Belum ada kajian khusus tentang perkem- Sumbangan Bali pada perkembangan sastra bangan sastra Indonesia di Bali tahun 1920-an Indonesia pada awal kelahiran dan pertum- dan 1930-an. Ini bisa dipahami karena Bali buhannya tahun 1920-an dan 1930-an hanya lebih dikenal dalam kontesk sastra tradisional dikenal lewat karya Panji Tisna. Tahun 1930-an, Bali atau sastra Jawa Kuna. Sarjana dalam Panji Tisna sudah menerbitkan tiga novel yaitu negeri dan luar negeri banyak meneliti sastra Ni Rawit Ceti Penjual Orang (1935), Sukreni tradisional Bali, baik dengan pendekatan tek- Gadis Bali (1936), dan I Swasta Setahun di Be- stual, instrinsik, maupun kajian filologis atau dahulu (1938). Karya tersebut diterbitkan Balai suntingan teks (Creese 1998, 2004; Rubinstein Pustaka, milik pemerintah kolonial Belanda. 2000; Vickers 2005; Cika 2006; Suarka 2007). Karya Panji Tisna, terus dicetak ulang juga oleh Semua studi ini menguatkan kesan Bali sebagai Balai Pustaka (milik pemerintah Indonesia), daerah tempat tumbuh suburnya sastra Jawa dan kini seakan sudah menjadi karya klasik Kuna, di luar daerahnya di Jawa. Bali dianggap dalam sastra Indonesia modern. sebagai daerah penyelamat sastra Jawa Kuna. Tidak ada nama penulis Bali lain yang Sastra Indonesia, walaupun ada dan sedikit, masuk dalam deretan nama sastrawan dalam se- tertutupi oleh kehidupan sastra tradisional Bali jarah kelahiran dan awal pertumbuhan sastra In- atau Jawa Kuna. donesia, kecuali nama Panji Tisna. Tumbuhnya Kalaupun ada kajian yang menyebutkan penerbitan di Bali setidaknya mengungkapkan Bali atau pengarang Bali atau pengarang Indo- beberapa hal yang berkaitan dengan beberapa nesia datang dan mendapat inspirasi dari Bali, hal. Pertama, apakah tidak ada penulis sastra itu jelas dalam konteks perkembangan sastra lainnya di Bali. Kedua, kalau ada, siapakah Indonesia, bukan spesifik sastra Indonesia di mereka, dan jenis karya sastra apakah yang Bali. Kajian atau tulisan sejarah sastra Indone- mereka tulis. Ketiga, di mana karya mereka sia yang ada hanya menganalisis karya Panji terbit. Keempat, di mana beredar dan siapa saja Tisna (Teeuw 1967; 1986). Dari zaman kolo- kira-kira pembacanya. Kelima, mengapa karya nial, tidak ada nama Bali masuk atau tercantum mereka kurang dikenal. Keenam, apakah kon- dalam sastra Indonesia. tribusi karya mereka pada perkembangan atau Kajian Sukada (1982), Tusthi Eddy (1997), pengenalan sastra Indonesia di Bali. Rumusan Sutedja-Liem (2003) menelusuri perkemban- masalah penelitian ini membahas (1) perkem- gan sastra Indonesia di Bali, tetapi tidak men- bangan sastra dan media massa di Bali; (2) puisi gungkapkan perkembangan sastra Indoensia media massa di Bali tahun 1920-an sampai di Bali pada era sebelum merdeka. Studi Putra dengan 1930-an. Tujuan penelitian ini diharap- (2011) atas sastra Indonesia di Bali sebagai cer- kan mampu memberikan kontribusi terhadap min identitas dan modernitas di Bali membahas perkembangan sastra Indonesia modern di Bali. puisi dan cerpen serta novel, tetapi tidak khusus 172 , Vol. 29, No. 2, Desember 2017 ISSN 0854-3283 (Print), ISSN 2580-0353 (Online) Halaman 171 — 182 (I Nyoman Darma Putra) The Existence of Indonesian Poetry In Bali on the Colonial Era membahas eksistensi puisi dan perannya dalam paling berpengaruh pada abad ke-20. pengenalan sastra Indonesia di Bali. Menurut Barthes (1981, hlm. 31—32), Berdasarkan kajian yang ada, eksistensi intertekstual sebagai kombinasi berbagai teks puisi penyair Bali zaman kolonial, dalam hal ini dalam sebuah teks. Kombinasi tersebut telah tahun 1920-an dan 1930-an, masih belum ban- melahirkan teks baru yang lahir dari kreativitas yak terungkap. Pengungkapannya memberikan pengarangnya. Teori intertekstual memandang manfaat ganda. Pertama, dapat memperjelas bahwa sebuah teks yang ditulis meniscayakan eksistensi puisi Indonesia karya penulis (kalau mendasarkan diri pada teks-teks lain yang telah kurang cukup disebutkan penyair). Kedua, ditulis orang sebelumnya. Tidak ada sebuah teks memberikan gambaran mengenai tema dan pun yang benar-benar mandiri, dalam arti pen- kaitan tema puisi dengan keadaan sosial zaman ciptaannya dengan konsekuensi pembacaannya, puisi itu ditulis. Dengan kata lain, puisi dari juga dilakukan tanpa sama sekali berhubungan zaman ini mungkin
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