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The Guide on Action Points for the Prevention and Mitigation Of Support document to the Electoral Risk Management Tool This Guide on Action Points for the Prevention and Mitigation of Election-related Violence is a support document to the Electoral Risk Management Tool. It is intended to assist the user of the Electoral Risk Management Tool in identifying possible strategies for addressing electoral risks. The Guide on Action Points for the Prevention and Mitigation of Election-related Violence The Electoral Risk Management Tool (ERM Tool) is designed to empower those who have either the mandate or interest to The Guide on Action Points for ensure that elections are peaceful and credible. Intended users are electoral management bodies, security sector agencies, the Prevention and Mitigation civil society and other state and non-state actors. The ERM Tool aims to build the user’s capacity to understand, analyze, of Election-related Violence and mitigate electoral risks, in particular those that may turn violent. The ERM Tool is integrated into a software application that provides three interactive modules (learn–analyse–act) which can be used in combination or as stand-alone resources. International IDEA INTERNATIONAL IDEA Stockholm, September 2013 Strömsborg SE-103 34 Stockholm Sweden Tel: +46 8 698 37 00 Fax: +46 8 20 24 22 Email: [email protected] Website: www.idea.int Support document to the Electoral Risk Management Tool The Guide on Action Points for the Prevention and Mitigation of Election-related Violence By Sead Alihodžić Desk research by Erik Asplund Substantive input to the Guide was provided by Moepyha Mosoto and Portia Mashakeni from Electoral Commission of South Africa, Manuel Carrillo from Instituto Federal Electoral (IFE), Mexico, Anne Charlotte Ringquist, Tostan, and Henry Ivarature. Lukas Krienbuehl, Mercator Fellow, and our research assistant, Norah Avielle, contributed to initial research efforts. The guide further benefited from the comments and reviews made by International IDEA’s gender and diversity experts Rumbidzai Kandawasvika-Nhundu and Julian Smith, and other IDEA colleagues. Paul Van Tongeren and Kai Brand-Jacobsen advised on infrastructures for peace (I4P) concept. Production of the Guide was overseen by Lisa Hagman from International IDEA’s Publications office. International IDEA © International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance 2013 The International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA) publications are independent of specific national or political interest. Views expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent the views of International IDEA, its Board or its Council members. Applications for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of this publication should be made to: International IDEA Strömsborg SE-103 34 Stockholm Sweden The Guide on Action Points for the Prevention and Mitigation of Election-related Violence Contents About the Guide ............................................................................................................................................................. 8 1. Legal and institutional electoral framework .......................................................................................... 11 1.A Improved electoral management and justice ................................................................................ 12 1.B Improved electoral security ...................................................................................................................... 17 1.C Improved infrastructure for peace ....................................................................................................... 20 2. Planning and preparation for the implementation of electoral activities ........................... 22 2.A Improved electoral management and justice ................................................................................ 23 2.B Improved electoral security ...................................................................................................................... 30 2.C Improved infrastructure for peace ...................................................................................................... 33 3. Training and education ........................................................................................................................................ 37 3.A Improved electoral management and justice ................................................................................ 37 3.B Improved electoral security ...................................................................................................................... 40 3.C Improved infrastructure for peace ....................................................................................................... 43 4. Registration of voters, political parties and election observers .................................................. 45 4.A Improved electoral management and justice ................................................................................ 45 4.B Improved electoral security ...................................................................................................................... 49 4.C Improved infrastructure for peace ...................................................................................................... 53 5. Electoral campaigning .......................................................................................................................................... 56 5.A Improved electoral management and justice ................................................................................ 57 5.B Improved electoral security ...................................................................................................................... 60 5.C Improved infrastructure for peace ....................................................................................................... 64 6. Voting operations ..................................................................................................................................................... 69 6.A Improved electoral management and justice ................................................................................ 70 6.B Improved electoral security ...................................................................................................................... 77 6.C Improved infrastructure for peace ...................................................................................................... 82 7. Election results announcement ....................................................................................................................... 86 7.A Improved electoral management and justice ................................................................................ 87 7.B Improved electoral security ....................................................................................................................... 91 7.C Improved infrastructure for peace ....................................................................................................... 93 8. The post-electoral phase ....................................................................................................................................... 97 8.A Improved electoral management and justice ................................................................................ 97 8.B Improved electoral security ...................................................................................................................... 101 8.C Improved infrastructure for peace ...................................................................................................... 101 Inernational IDEA 3 The Guide on Action Points for the Prevention and Mitigation of Election-related Violence Acronyms and abbreviations ACME African Centre for Media Excellence AFP Armed Forces of the Philippines ARMM Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao BEC Bangladesh Electoral Commission CCP Concerned Citizens for Peace (Kenya) CEC Central Election Commission (Bosnia and Herzegovina) CGWTF Citizens’ Goodwill Task Force (Guinea-Bissau) CIEP Strategic Police Information Center (Colombia) CMEV Centre for Monitoring Electoral Violence (Sri Lanka) CoC code of conduct CODEO Coalition for Domestic Electoral Observation (Ghana) Comelec Commission on Elections (the Philippines) CPF Central Paramilitary Forces (India) CRPF Central Reserve Police Force (India) CSO civil society organization DFID Department for International Development (UK) DPC District Peace Committee (Kenya) EAC East African Community EAT Electoral Assistant Trainer ECI Election Commission of India ECP Election Commission of Pakistan EDR electoral dispute resolution EISA Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa 4 Inernational IDEA The Guide on Action Points for the Prevention and Mitigation of Election-related Violence EMB electoral management body EOM Election Observation Mission ERF Emergency Response Fund ES Electoral Supervisor EU European Union GEO governorate electoral office (Iraq) GEOCOM Guyana Election Commission GIBA Ghana Independent Broadcasters Association GIS global information systems GPS Ghana Police Service IDP internally displaced person IEA Institute of Political Party Affairs (Ghana) IEBC Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (Kenya) IEC Independent Electoral Commission (South Africa) IFE Instituto Federal Electoral (Mexico) IFES International Foundation for Electoral Systems IHEC Independent High Electoral Commission (Iraq) IIEC Interim Independent
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