Pontifícia Universidade Católica Mariana Ayres Tavares Mad

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Pontifícia Universidade Católica Mariana Ayres Tavares Mad Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro Mariana Ayres Tavares Mad Men: Uma história cultural da Publicidade Dissertação de Mestrado Dissertação apresentada como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre pelo Programa de Pós- graduação em Comunicação Social do Departamento de Comunicação da PUC-Rio. Orientador: Prof. Everardo Pereira Guimarães Rocha Rio de Janeiro, Setembro de 2016 Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro Mariana Ayres Tavares Mad Men: Uma história cultural da Publicidade Dissertação de Mestrado Dissertação apresentada como requisito parcial para a obtenção do grau de Mestre pelo Programa de Pós- Graduação em Comunicação Social do Departamento de Comunicação Social do Centro de Ciências Sociais da PUC-Rio. Aprovada pela Comissão Examinadora abaixo assinada. Prof. Everardo Pereira Guimarães Rocha Orientador Departamento de Comunicação Social - PUC-Rio Profa. Lígia Campos de Cerqueira Lana Departamento de Comunicação Social - PUC-Rio Prof. Guilherme Nery Atem Departamento de Ciências Sociais - PUC-Rio Prof.ª Mônica Herz Vice-Decana de Pós-Graduação do CCS Rio de Janeiro, 23 de setembro de 2016 Todos os direitos reservados. É proibida a reprodução total ou parcial do trabalho sem autorização da universidade, da autora e do orientador. Mariana Ayres Tavares Graduou-se em Comunicação Social, com habilitação em Publicidade, na Universidade Federal Fluminense em 2012. Cursou especialização em Pesquisa de Mercado e Opinião Pública na Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, em 2014. Ficha Catalográfica Tavares, Mariana Ayres Mad Men : uma história cultural da publicida- de / Mariana Ayres Tavares Vasconcelos ; orien- tadora: Everardo Pereira Guimarães Rocha. – 2016. 118 f. : il. color. ; 30 cm Dissertação (mestrado)–Pontifícia Universi- dade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Comunicação Social, 2016. Inclui bibliografia 1. Comunicação Social – Teses. 2. Publici- dade. 3. Mad Men. 4. Cultura. 5. História da pu- blicidade. 6. Seriado. I. Rocha, Everardo Pereira Guimarães. II. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro. Departamento de Comunica- ção Social. III. Título. CDD: 302.23 Dedico este trabalho a família Ayres Tavares Vasconcelos que me apoiaram incondicionalmente durante todo o trabalho, com amor, carinho e paciência. E aos amigos publicitários que assim como eu, constroem o mundo dos Mad Men todos os dias. Agradecimentos Ao meu orientador Prof. Dr. Everardo Rocha, pela confiança, troca de ideias e estímulo para a realização deste trabalho. A PUC-Rio, pelos auxílios concedidos, sem os quais esta dissertação não poderia ter sido realizada. Aos professores do Programa de Mestrado em Comunicação da PUC-Rio pelas aulas extremamente proveitosas que compuseram o conhecimento adquirido por mim no mestrado. À Profa Dra Cláudia Pereira pelo apoio como coordenadora do Programa de Pós- graduação de Comunicação na PUC-Rio. À todos os meus professores que me inspiraram a estudar e ter a constante busca pelo conhecimento. Em especial ao professor e amigo, Sandro Tôrres de Azevedo. À Oi e à L'Oréal que, além de ter permitido a realização do mestrado, foram fonte de aprendizado constante. Em especial à Melissa Riley quem me ensinou o amor à pesquisa também no mercado. À minha família pela paciência e amor e, principalmente, aos meus pais que me ensinaram a ter coragem e determinação. Ao Gabriel pelo companheirismo e amor durante todo o trabalho. Aos meus amigos pelo apoio e torcida. A todos que de alguma maneira contribuíram para que este trabalho pudesse ser realizado. Resumo Tavares, Mariana Ayres; Rocha, Everardo Pereira Guimarães. Mad Men: Uma história cultural da Publicidade. Rio de Janeiro, 2016. 118p. Dissertação de Mestrado - Departamento de Comunicação Social, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro. O presente trabalho propõe uma análise sobre a publicidade a partir do seri- ado de televisão Mad Men (2007-2015). O estudo articula questões entre cultura e a publicidade, mais precisamente, a respeito das formas pelas quais a narrativa publicitária se apropria de certos valores culturais no processo de produção dos anúncios. Mad Men traça um amplo panorama das principais mudanças da profis- são na década de 1960, sendo um excelente cenário para uma análise das mudan- ças internas às agências de publicidade. A investigação pretende compreender os acontecimentos históricos daquela época e seu reflexo nos principais anúncios criados pela agência da ficção e analisar as transformações profissionais aconteci- das nas agências de publicidade representadas em Mad Men. Dessa forma, a pes- quisa evidencia a contribuição do seriado para construção de uma história da ati- vidade publicitária, agindo como um possível legitimador da profissão. E, além disso, através das representações culturais identificadas nos anúncios, procura estudar como a atividade publicitária pode ser, entre outras coisas, um projeto de captação do imaginário coletivo. Palavras-chave Publicidade; Mad Men; Cultura; História da Publicidade; Seriado. Abstract Tavares, Mariana Ayres; Rocha, Everardo Pereira Guimarães. (Advisor) Mad Men: a cultural history of advertising. Rio de Janeiro, 2016. 118p. MSc. Dissertation. Departamento de Comunicação Social, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro. The present work proposes an analysis on advertising from the television series Mad Men (2007-2015). The study articulates issues between culture and advertising, more precisely, about the ways in which the publicity narrative ap- propriates certain cultural values in the process of production of ads. Mad Men draws a broad panorama of the main changes of the profession in the 1960, being an excellent scenario for an analysis of the internal changes to advertising agen- cies. The research aims to understand the historical events of that time and their reflections in the main ads created by the Agency of fiction and analyze the changes that happen in the professional advertising agencies represented in Mad Men. In this way, the research highlights the contribution of the show to build a history of advertising activity, acting as a legitimizer of the profession. And, in addition, through the cultural representations identified in ads, seeks to study how the advertising activity can be, among other things, a project to capture the collec- tive imagination. Keywords Advertising; Mad Men; Culture; History of Advertising; Television series. Sumário Introdução 9 1. Publicidade, Televisão e Seriado 13 2. Negócio em série 30 2.1. O Mundo dos Seriados 30 2.2. Mad Men 37 3. From Mad Men to Hilltop 59 3.1. O mundo em movimento 59 3.2. The New Girl 71 4. Leão de Ouro 83 4.1. Para as agências 83 4.2. Para os Anúncios 95 Considerações Finais 107 Referências bibliográficas 111 Anexos 114 Introdução O presente estudo busca compreender, através de uma análise qualitativa de material audiovisual, a história cultural da publicidade tal como contada pelo seriado Mad Men. A partir do panorama traçado pela narrativa ficcional, o objetivo é analisar as mudanças que ocorrem na atividade publicitária. E, além disso, as trocas ente a cultura e a publicidade no processo de produção dos anúncios. Nesse sentido, a atividade publicitária pode ser compreendida como um projeto de captação do imaginário coletivo. A motivação para investigar esse tema começa na minha formação com constantes questionamentos a cerca da atividade que pratiquei e vivenciei. A pesquisa foi um processo de intenso amadurecimento acadêmico, mas, também, intenso questionamento sobre como me coloco diante da profissão, qual o caminho que a publicidade deve seguir, e mais, o reconhecimento de classe dos profissionais da publicidade e sua legitimação social. O recorte do mundo publicitário através do olhar do seriado, uma interessante sugestão do meu orientador, trouxe também a oportunidade de aprofundar as discussões contidas no livro Magia e Capitalismo (ROCHA, 1985), um marco nos estudos sobre publicidade no Brasil ao reunir, em uma visão inovadora, a perspectiva antropológica aos estudos da atividade publicitária e os significados do anúncio. Um dos grandes desafios desse percurso de análise do seriado foi investigar os 13.800 minutos ou 230 horas de uma viagem de noventa e dois episódios situados na década de 1960, contendo um verdadeiro panorama das agências de publicidade, passando pelas carreiras, acompanhando a evolução da trama, conhecendo cada personagem, histórias, personalidades e perfis. Para tanto, foi necessário um mergulho nas fontes secundárias para compreender as referências que estavam no próprio seriado. Assim, tive que me aprofundar em materiais como documentários sobre a vida de Marilyn Monroe e sobre a segunda onda do feminismo, filmes que falavam sobre a época, livros de história, sites de centro de pesquisa, ao menos dois livros revolucionários que iniciaram a segunda 10 onda do movimento feminista e, ainda, conhecer os “mad men” da época através dos livros de, Ogilvy (2015) e Femina (2011). Ao longo do processo de pesquisa e organização do trabalho, alguns temas ganharam mais força após essa imersão, como por exemplo, o movimento feminista e o papel da mulher na sociedade daquela época. Essa questão é tão forte no seriado que foi tratada como um assunto separado do panorama histórico da década de 1960, pela dimensão que assume no próprio seriado. Além disso, a pesquisa trouxe o reconhecimento do seriado através de duas perspectivas. Primeiro, narrando as principais transformações do mercado publicitário, nas agências. E, em segundo, apresentando
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