Hungarian examples
EMQ module for new psychoactive substances + not so new substances EMCDDA, Lisbon, 19. June 2013. Surveys with questions about NPSs
• ESPAD 2011 – 5th wave (first in 1995) – 8th-10th grade students – N=7376 (16y.o.=3062) • ReDNet 2012 – Online survey, 2011. 10.14. - 2012. 04. 07. – Snowball sampling – „psychonauts” (daath.hu) – N=624
Both are hungarian versions of international surveys ESPAD 2011
Lifetime prevalence (%) – 8th-10th grade
marihuana Inhalents alc+prescr.d. sedatives mephedrone amphetamines other drugs ecstasy LSD laughing gas cocaine GHB mushroom crack heroin other opiates ESPAD 2011
Lifetime prevalence 1995-2011 (%) – 16 y.o. students
amphetamines ecstasy marihuana LSD heroin cocaine inhalants sedatives alcohol + pr.d. mushrooms GHB other opiates laughing gas mephedrone ESPAD 2011
• NPS was included in the prevalence question • Only mephedrone Consultation with experts in Hungary: this was the only substance known widely enough NPSs in the market change too quickly there were no established street names the time needed for the data collection was too long • Open question wasn’t useful/usable – rarely filled in, data recording problems ReDNet 2012 • Do you personally know people who take legal highs? Yes – 77,3% (477)
• Have you ever taken legal highs yourself? Yes – 58,8% (362)
• During the last 12 months have you taken legal highs? Yes – 88,5% (315)
• During the last 30 days have you taken legal highs? Yes – 57,8% (208)
• What are the legal highs you use most often? Open question ReDNet 2012
• Other, please specify: extensive list… 4-mec, AM-2201, hu-210, win 048,098, 3,4 dmmc, dmc, zz-1, zz-2, rcs-4, rcs-8, 5-apb, methedrone, 5- meo-dmt, 5-meo-amt, 5-meo-dipt, jwh-122, methoxetamine, mdma, mdai, 4-fa, 2c-i, 2c-b, pentylone, buphedrone, lsd, meszkalin, pink coke, methedrone, zz1-2, emma, 3,4dmmc, 4-memambp fenetilamine family, Psilocybe Cubensis, yellow tulip ReDNet 2012 1, Never heard 2, Heard/read about it 3, I know of it (but don’t know anyone someone who who has tried it) has tried it Mephedrone (4-MMC, drone, meow) 6,3 22,1 71,7 GBL, GHB, 1,4-butanediol 13,1 32,5 54,4 Salvia (Salvia divinorum) 16,7 20,3 63,0 Spice (JWH-018, herbal smoke) 28,7 12,8 58,5 MDPV (Super coke, Peevee, Magic) 32,3 26,3 41,4 Methylone (bk-MDMA, M1) 33,9 23,5 42,5 Kratom (Mytragina speciosa) 51,2 26,5 22,3 BZP (Benzylpiperazine) 52,8 34,3 12,9 6-APB (Benzo fury) 53,9 21,2 24,9 Flephedrone (4-FMC) 57,6 24,5 17,9 Bromo Dragonfly (B-fly) 63,8 22,2 14,0 NRG-2 72,6 20,3 7,1 Naphyrone (NRG-1) 72,9 18,4 8,7 Butylone (Bk-MBDB, B1) 74,4 21,1 4,5 E-3PO (Blue Max) 85,6 10,7 3,6 Deliah Blue 86,7 10,9 2,4 ReDNet 2012
• Shuld have include the question „Which ones you have tried?” • Open questions: Many unidentifiable item Mistyped? New street name? Mixing herbal drugs and NPS • They are smart users, experimenting community can not expect such details from GP… New clients of a NEP by injected substance Thank you for your attention