Seizures, 2013 - 2017
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(19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub
US 20130289061A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2013/0289061 A1 Bhide et al. (43) Pub. Date: Oct. 31, 2013 (54) METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS TO Publication Classi?cation PREVENT ADDICTION (51) Int. Cl. (71) Applicant: The General Hospital Corporation, A61K 31/485 (2006-01) Boston’ MA (Us) A61K 31/4458 (2006.01) (52) U.S. Cl. (72) Inventors: Pradeep G. Bhide; Peabody, MA (US); CPC """"" " A61K31/485 (201301); ‘4161223011? Jmm‘“ Zhu’ Ansm’ MA. (Us); USPC ......... .. 514/282; 514/317; 514/654; 514/618; Thomas J. Spencer; Carhsle; MA (US); 514/279 Joseph Biederman; Brookline; MA (Us) (57) ABSTRACT Disclosed herein is a method of reducing or preventing the development of aversion to a CNS stimulant in a subject (21) App1_ NO_; 13/924,815 comprising; administering a therapeutic amount of the neu rological stimulant and administering an antagonist of the kappa opioid receptor; to thereby reduce or prevent the devel - . opment of aversion to the CNS stimulant in the subject. Also (22) Flled' Jun‘ 24’ 2013 disclosed is a method of reducing or preventing the develop ment of addiction to a CNS stimulant in a subj ect; comprising; _ _ administering the CNS stimulant and administering a mu Related U‘s‘ Apphcatlon Data opioid receptor antagonist to thereby reduce or prevent the (63) Continuation of application NO 13/389,959, ?led on development of addiction to the CNS stimulant in the subject. Apt 27’ 2012’ ?led as application NO_ PCT/US2010/ Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising 045486 on Aug' 13 2010' a central nervous system stimulant and an opioid receptor ’ antagonist. -
WO 2013/142184 Al 26 September 2013 (26.09.2013) P O P C T
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2013/142184 Al 26 September 2013 (26.09.2013) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, A61K 33/16 (2006.01) A61K 31/7048 (2006.01) HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, A61K 33/14 (2006.01) A61K 31/70 (2006.01) KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, A61K 33/18 (2006.01) A61K 31/4196 (2006.01) ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, (21) International Application Number: RW, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, PCT/US20 13/030788 TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, (22) International Filing Date: ZM, ZW. 13 March 2013 (13.03.2013) (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (25) Filing Language: English kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, (26) Publication Language: English UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, TJ, (30) Priority Data: TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, 61/612,689 19 March 2012 (19.03.2012) US EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, LV, MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK, SM, (71) Applicant: YALE UNIVERSITY [US/US]; Two Whitney TR), OAPI (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GQ, GW, Avenue, New Haven, CT 065 10 (US). -
Psilocybin Mushrooms Fact Sheet
Psilocybin Mushrooms Fact Sheet January 2017 What are psilocybin, or “magic,” mushrooms? For the next two decades thousands of doses of psilocybin were administered in clinical experiments. Psilocybin is the main ingredient found in several types Psychiatrists, scientists and mental health of psychoactive mushrooms, making it perhaps the professionals considered psychedelics like psilocybin i best-known naturally-occurring psychedelic drug. to be promising treatments as an aid to therapy for a Although psilocybin is considered active at doses broad range of psychiatric diagnoses, including around 3-4 mg, a common dose used in clinical alcoholism, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, ii,iii,iv research settings ranges from 14-30 mg. Its obsessive-compulsive disorder, and depression.xiii effects on the brain are attributed to its active Many more people were also introduced to psilocybin metabolite, psilocin. Psilocybin is most commonly mushrooms and other psychedelics as part of various found in wild or homegrown mushrooms and sold religious or spiritual practices, for mental and either fresh or dried. The most popular species of emotional exploration, or to enhance wellness and psilocybin mushrooms is Psilocybe cubensis, which is creativity.xiv usually taken orally either by eating dried caps and stems or steeped in hot water and drunk as a tea, with Despite this long history and ongoing research into its v a common dose around 1-2.5 grams. therapeutic and medical benefits,xv since 1970 psilocybin and psilocin have been listed in Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act, the most heavily Scientists and mental health professionals criminalized category for drugs considered to have a consider psychedelics like psilocybin to be “high potential for abuse” and no currently accepted promising treatments as an aid to therapy for a medical use – though when it comes to psilocybin broad range of psychiatric diagnoses. -
Psychedelics in Psychiatry: Neuroplastic, Immunomodulatory, and Neurotransmitter Mechanismss
Supplemental Material can be found at: /content/suppl/2020/12/18/73.1.202.DC1.html 1521-0081/73/1/202–277$35.00 https://doi.org/10.1124/pharmrev.120.000056 PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEWS Pharmacol Rev 73:202–277, January 2021 Copyright © 2020 by The Author(s) This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC Attribution 4.0 International license. ASSOCIATE EDITOR: MICHAEL NADER Psychedelics in Psychiatry: Neuroplastic, Immunomodulatory, and Neurotransmitter Mechanismss Antonio Inserra, Danilo De Gregorio, and Gabriella Gobbi Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Abstract ...................................................................................205 Significance Statement. ..................................................................205 I. Introduction . ..............................................................................205 A. Review Outline ........................................................................205 B. Psychiatric Disorders and the Need for Novel Pharmacotherapies .......................206 C. Psychedelic Compounds as Novel Therapeutics in Psychiatry: Overview and Comparison with Current Available Treatments . .....................................206 D. Classical or Serotonergic Psychedelics versus Nonclassical Psychedelics: Definition ......208 Downloaded from E. Dissociative Anesthetics................................................................209 F. Empathogens-Entactogens . ............................................................209 -
Hallucinogenic Mushrooms: a Guide
Hallucinogenic Mushrooms: A Guide Presented by the Hamre Center for Health and Wellness Table of Contents Introduction Harm Reduction What are Hallucinogenic Mushrooms? What are the U.S. and MN Laws Surrounding Mushrooms? What Kinds of Hallucinogenic Mushrooms are There? How are Hallucinogenic Mushrooms Ingested? How Do Hallucinogenic Mushrooms Affect the Brain? What are Some Short-Term Effects of Use? What are Some Long-Term Effects of Use? How Do Hallucinogenic Mushrooms Interact with Alcohol? What are Some Harm-Reduction Strategies for Use? Are Hallucinogenic Mushrooms Addictive? What are Some Substance Abuse Help Resources? Introduction Welcome to the Hamre Center’s hallucinogenic mushrooms guide! Thank you for wanting to learn more about “magic mushrooms” and how they can affect you. This guide is designed to be a science-based resource to help inform people about hallucinogenic mushrooms. We use a harm-reduction model, which we’ll talk about more in the next slide. If you have any concerns regarding your own personal health and mushrooms, we strongly recommend that you reach out to your health care provider. No matter the legal status of hallucinogenic mushrooms in your state or country, health care providers are confidential resources. Your health is their primary concern. Harm Reduction ● The harm reduction model used in this curriculum is about neither encouraging or discouraging use; at its core, harm reduction simply aims to minimize the negative consequences of behaviors. ● Please read through the Hamre Center’s statement on use and harm reduction below: “The Hamre Center knows pleasure drives drug use, not the avoidance of harm. -
The Production of Psilocybin in Submerged Culture by Psilocybe Cubensis
The Production of Psilocybin in Submerged Culture by Psilocybe cubensis PHILIP CATALF01!O' AND V. E. TYLER, JR. (Drug Plant Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle 5) Psychotomimetic mushrooms have long been employed as intoxicants by vari- ous native peoples. Schultes (10) describes their employment in magico-religious ceremonies by the Indians of Mexico and Central America, and extensive docu- mentation of such usage has been provided by the Wassons (14, 15) and by Heim and Wasson (6). Especially noteworthy is the occurrence of certain indole derivatives in many of the basidiomycetes to which psychotomimetic properties have been ascribed. Several species of Panaeolus contain serotonin (o-hydroxytryptamine), first demonstrated in a fungus, Panaeolus campanulatus (Fr.) Quel., by Tyler (13). Bufotenine (5-hydroxy-N,lV-dimethyltryptamine) was shown to exist in Amanita citrina (Shaeff.) S. F. Gray [Amanita mappa (Lasch) Quel.] by Wieland and Motzel (16). Psilocybin (4-phosphoryl-N,N-dimethyltryptamine), together with the closely related psilocin (4-hydroxy-1Y,N-dimethyltryptamine), was first found in Psilocybe species by Hofmann, et al. (8).The latter two principles are the most recently discovered hallucinogens in basidiomycetes and are of particular interest since they are the only principles isolated from mushrooms 'w-hichare capable of inducing psychotomimetic effects in human beings following oral ingestion. Heim, et al.(7), established conditions favoring the formation of both sclerotia and sporocarps from mycelial growth obtained upon subculture of the spores and tissue of the naturally occurring Mexican Psilocybe species. In this way they obtained ample amounts of materials for isolation and structural studies of the active principles. -
FACTS About DRUGS: PSILOCYBIN (“Magic Mushrooms”)
Educate Yourself FACTS about DRUGS: PSILOCYBIN (“Magic Mushrooms”) WHAT IS IT? THE RISKS Psilocybin is a naturally occurring hallucinogen found in over one The risk of death from psilocybin overdose is hundred species of mushrooms growing throughout the world. virtually nonexistent – there remains no conclusive Many of these species also grow in parts of the United States, evidence of any fatalities despite ingestion particularly in the Deep South and the Pacific Northwest. Psilocybin (often accidental) of dosages greatly exceeding the mushrooms have a long history of ritualistic use by the native effective amount. No apparent physiological populations of Mesoamerica; the Aztecs called them teonanacatl damage from the use of psilocybin has been (“flesh of the gods”). Contemporary users of mushrooms containing observed from the limited research conducted to psilocybin will experience LSD-like effects, although of considerably date (Grinspoon and Bakalar 1997; Stamets 1916). shorter duration. Of particular concern for mushroom foragers SLANG however, is the risk of poisoning resulting from misidentification. It is estimated that toxic Magic mushrooms, shrooms, mushies, cubes (for psilocybe cubensis), mushroom species outnumber those containing liberty caps (for psilocybe semilanceata). psilocybin by at least ten to one. Many mushroom hunters do not realize that there are some extremely poisonous species, which superficially resemble AVAILABILITY & USE particular mushrooms containing psilocybin (Stamets 1996). The number of mushroom species growing wild in the United States and found to contain psilocybin continues to increase. In the Pacific As with LSD, the actual risks posed by psilocybin Northwest alone, over a dozen species of such mushrooms have are predominantly psychological in nature. -
Les Antidépresseurs De La Performance
Annales de Toxicologie Analytique, vol. XII, n° 1, 2000 Les antidépresseurs de la performance Performance antidepressant drugs Jean-Pierre GOULLÉ*, Christian LACROIX Laboratoire de Pharmacocinétique et de Toxicologie Clinique, Groupe Hospitalier BP 24 - 76083 LE HAVRE Cedex - Tel : 02 32 73 32 18 - Fax : 02 32 73 32 38 * Auteur à qui adresser la correspondance : Docteur Jean-Pierre GOULLÉ, Laboratoire de Pharmacocinétique et de Toxicologie Clinique, Groupe Hospitalier, Jacques Monod - BP 24 - 76083 LE HAVRE Tel : 02 32 73 32 23 - Fax : 02 32 73 32 38 (Reçu le 17 décembre 1999 ; accepté le 15 janvier 2000) RÉSUMÉ SUMMARY En France, au cours de la période 1991-1997, alors que la Whereas in France the sale of psychotropic medication vente des médicaments psychotropes a augmenté de 7 %, le increased 7 % in the period between 1991 and 1997, the marché des antidépresseurs s'est littéralement envolé avec antidepressant drugs market literally exploded with a pro• une progression de plus de 40 %. Cette consommation, 2 à 3 gression of 40 %. This consumption 2 to 3 times greater than fois plus importante que celle de nos voisins européens, est that of our European neighbours created an abuse which génératrice d'abus conduisant à une accoutumance, à une lead to habituation, to an addiction, and even to drug abuse. assuétude, voire à une véritable conduite toxicophile. Les Antidepressant drugs (AD) pertain to the substances which antidépresseurs (AD) font partie des substances qui sont uti• are used by man to improve its performance due to its phar• lisées par l'homme pour améliorer sa performance, en rai• macological effects. -
Aspects Op Secondary Metabolism in Basidiqmycetes
ASPECTS OP SECONDARY METABOLISM IN BASIDIQMYCETES BIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON PSILOCYBE CUBENSIS A SURVEY OF PHENOL-O-METHYLTRANSFERASE IN SPECIES OF LENTINUS AND LENTINELLUS by by.' . WEI-WEI/WANG B.Sc, National Taiwan University, 1974 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY) We accept 'this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA November, 1977 f7\ Wei-Wei Wang, 1977 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the Head of my Department or by his representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of Botany The University of British Columbia 2075 Wesbrook Place Vancouver, Canada V6T 1W5 Date December 6. 1977 ii ABSTRACT I. Psilocybe cubensis was cultured successfully in two media. Medium A was devised by Catalfomo and Tyler and Medium B was a modification of a medium which has been used for ergot alkaloid production by Claviceps purpurea. Only when the fungus was kept on Sabouraud agar plates.did it subsequently produce psilocybin when transferred to liquid media. A quantitative time-course study of psilocybin production in the two media was carried out. Maximal production appeared on the fifth day. -
NFLIS-Drug Selected Substance List
2017-2020 NFLIS-Drug Substance List (Sorted by Date) Date Added NFLIS Substance Name Synonyms Chemical Name Structure InChI Formula to NFLIS- Drug InChI=1S/C16H20BrN/ c17-14-1-3-15(4-2-14)18-16-12-6-10-5-11 Bromantane ladasten N-(4-bromophenyl)adamantan-2-amine C16H20BrN 12/7/20 (8-12)9-13(16)7-10/h1-4,10-13,16,18H, 5-9H2 InChI=1S/C21H29FN2O3/ c1-4-27-21(26)19(15(2)3)23-20(25)17-14- ethyl 2-(1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamido)-3- 5F-EMB-PICA EMB-2201; 5-fluoro-EMB-PICA 24(13-9-5-8-12-22)18-11-7-6-10-16(17)18 C21H29FN2O3 11/12/20 methylbutanoate /h6-7,10-11,14-15,19H, 4-5,8-9,12-13H2,1-3H3,(H,23,25) InChI=1S/C20H27FN2O3/ c1-20(2,3)17(19(25)26-4)22-18(24)15-13- methyl 2-(1-(4-fluorobutyl)-1H-indole-3- 4F-MDMB-BUTICA 4-fluoro-MDMB-BUTICA; 4F-MDMB-BICA 23(12-8-7-11-21)16-10-6-5-9-14(15)16/ C20H27FN2O3 10/23/20 carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate h5-6,9-10,13,17H,7-8,11-12H2,1-4H3,(H, 22,24) InChI=1S/C10H14BrNO2/ 4-methoxy-6-[(1E)-2-phenylethenyl]-5,6-dihydro-2H- 2Br-4,5-Dimethoxyphenethylamine 2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine c1-13-9-5-7(3-4-12)8(11)6-10(9)14-2/ C10H14BrNO2 10/2/20 pyran-2-one h5-6H,3-4,12H2,1-2H3 InChI=1S/C16H22FNO/ 4-fluoro-3-methyl-alpha-PVP; 4F-3-methyl-alpha- c1-3-6-15(18-9-4-5-10-18)16(19)13-7-8-1 4F-3-Methyl-alpha-PVP 4-fluoro-3-methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinopentiophenone C16H22FNO 10/2/20 pyrrolidinovalerophenone 4(17)12(2)11-13/h7-8,11,15H, 3-6,9-10H2,1-2H3 InChI=1S/C21H26N4O3/ N,N-diethyl-2-[2-(4-methoxybenzyl)-5-nitro-1H- c1-4-23(5-2)12-13-24-20-11-8-17(25(26)2 Metonitazene C21H26N4O3 9/15/20 benzimidazol-1-yl]ethanamine -
A Rapid and Sensitive LC–MS/MS Assay for the Quantitation Of
edicine s M & rt D o o p p i S n f g o S Journal of Sports Medicine & Doping Miroshnichenko et al., J Sports Med Doping Stud 2013, 3:1 l t a u n d r i e u DOI: 10.4172/2161-0673.1000120 s o J Studies ISSN: 2161-0673 Research Article Open Access A Rapid and Sensitive LC–MS/MS Assay for the Quantitation of Bromantane in Human Plasma Igor I Miroshnichenko, Svetlana A Sergeeva, Angelina I Platova* and Lyudmila M Krasnykh Mental Health Research Center of RAMS, Moscow, Russia Abstract The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a high-performance liquid chromatographic–tandem mass spectrometric (LC–MS/MS) method for analysis of the bromantane in human plasma. The analyte and Internal Standard (IS), selenox, were extracted from human plasma by solid-phase extraction and separated on a Zorbax SB-C18 column using methanol–0.2% formic acid as mobile phase. Detection was performed using an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source and mass spectrometric positive Multi-Reaction-Monitoring-Mode (+MRM) at an ion voltage of +2000 V. The assay was linear over the concentration range 1–500 ng/mL with the Lowest Limit of Quantification (LLOQ) of 1 ng/mL. The method also afforded satisfactory results in terms of the sensitivity, specificity, precision (intra- and inter-day, CV<10%), accuracy, recovery as well as the stability of the analyte under various conditions. The method can be applied to pharmacokinetic and toxicological studies. Keywords: Bromantane; Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrom- over LLE, including better specificity, the ability to obtain cleaner etry (LC–MS/MS); APCI; Plasma samples, good reproducibility, and a substantial reduction in the volume of solvent required [13]. -
Ihe Jbialwogeiii Law Heporterjj Chicago Police Seize
Ihe JbialWogeiii Law HeporterJJ Issue No. 9 ISSN 1074-8040 Winter 1995 Chicago Police Seize 10,000 Doses Conceptual Artwork GALLERY DIRECTOR ARRESTED AND ARREST WARRANT ISSUED FOR ARTIST of the Chicago Police Department entered Chicago'sFeigen, Inc., art gallery On Augustand 10,1995,seized an membersartwork title ofthed W.O OrganizedOODoses. TCrimehepie candewa sNarcoticscreatedby Gdivisionregory [The seizure oj10,000 Green a 36-year-old artist with a masters of fine arts degree from the School of Art Doses was] Institute of Chicago. Created in 1994,10,000 Doses was a mixed-media sculpture consisting of 12 quart-sized laboratory bottles filled with an amber-colored liquid. frightening because The bottles were arranged in rows on a small industrial metal table. At the time of its confiscation, 10,000 Doses was in the front window ofthe Feigen gallery, and on the Chicago Police the window was emblazoned a four-foot-high revised recipe for making LSD in the had a knee-jerk kitchen, taken from The Anarchist Cookbook. Four days after seizing the work, the Chicago Police Department informed the reaction that this gallery that drug-testing of the liquid inside the bottles was "positive." Arrest artist violated the law. warrants were issued for artist Gregory Green as well as Lance Kiiiz, the gallery co- director. Mr. Green, who lives in New York, was not arrested, but Mr. Kinz, who They should have lives in Chicago, was taken into custody and charged with felony possession ofLSD. Chicago Police issued statements estimating that the roughly three gallons of liquid carefully analyzed the could have supplied 230,000 doses ofLSD with an alleged "street value" of $1.2 [presumed] controlled million dollars.