Psychedelic Support a Practical Guide to Establishing and Facilitating Care Services at Music Festivals and Other Events
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4/23/2015 1 •Psychedelics Or Hallucinogens
4/23/2015 Hallucinogens •Psychedelics or This “classic” hallucinogen column The 2 groups below are quite different produce similar effects From the classic hallucinogens Hallucinogens Drugs Stimulating 5HT Receptors Drugs BLOCKING ACH Receptors • aka “psychotomimetics” LSD Nightshade(Datura) Psilocybin Mushrooms Jimsonweed Morning Glory Seeds Atropine Dimethyltryptamine Scopolamine What do the very mixed group of hallucinogens found around the world share in common? •Drugs Resembling NE Drugs BLOCKING Glutamate Receptors •Peyote cactus Phencyclidine (PCP) •Mescaline Ketamine All contain something that resembles a •Methylated amphetamines like MDMA High dose dextromethorphan •Nutmeg neurotransmitter •New synthetic variations (“bath salts”) •5HT-Like Hallucinogens •LSD History • Serotonin • created by Albert Hofmann for Sandoz Pharmaceuticals LSD • was studying vasoconstriction produced by ergot alkaloids LSD • initial exposure was accidental absorption thru skin • so potent ED is in millionths of a gram (25-250 micrograms) & must be delivered on something else (sugar cube, gelatin square, paper) Psilocybin Activate 5HT2 receptors , especially in prefrontal cortex and limbic areas, but is not readily metabolized •Characteristics of LSD & Other “Typical” •Common Effects Hallucinogens • Sensory distortions (color, size, shape, movement), • Autonomic (mostly sympathetic) changes occur first constantly changing (relatively mild) • Vivid closed eye imagery • Sensory/perceptual changes follow • Synesthesia (crossing of senses – e.g. hearing music -
Cactus Chronicle
Volume 78 Issue 8 HolidayCACTUS Party CHRONICLE August 2013 Mission Statement: Plant of the Month The Los Angeles Cactus and Succulent Society (LACSS) cultivates the study and enjoyment Stenocactus Bursera, of cacti and succulent plants through educational programs and activities that promote the Commiphora hobby within a community of fellow enthusiasts and among the greater public. Refreshments Our next general meeting is Letters U-Z August 1 July New Members Pat Byrne Janice B. Lee Program Title: The Exotic Fauna and Flora of East Africa Lynn Ruger Anika Russell Lauren Stanton Presented by Steve Frieze Sonia Villarroel Editor Phyllis Frieze [email protected] Visit Us on the web http:// www.lacss.com Steve Frieze is a past president of the LACSS and has served the club in numerous other capac- ities during the past 25 years he has been a member. He is currently a partner of Desert Crea- tions, a plant store that sells unusual cacti and succulents. He has traveled to numerous loca- tions that house exotic plants, including Chile, Brazil, and Oaxaca Mexico which he just returned from. This presentation will concentrate on a trip to Tanzania he took three years ago and the wonderful succulent plants and animals that are endemic to this geographic location. You will have an opportunity to see specimen size plants such as Adenias and Commiphoras that over- whelm the senses. In addition, you will be exposed to fauna that you, in many cases, could reach out and touch if you had a touch of insanity. In one instance his tour stumbled across a fully grown lion sleeping the roadway no more than five feet from the vehicle that he was sitting in. -
Hallucinogens - LSD, Peyote, Psilocybin, and PCP
Hallucinogens - LSD, Peyote, Psilocybin, and PCP Hallucinogenic compounds found in some • Psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N,N- plants and mushrooms (or their extracts) dimethyltryptamine) is obtained from have been used—mostly during religious certain types of mushrooms that are rituals—for centuries. Almost all indigenous to tropical and subtropical hallucinogens contain nitrogen and are regions of South America, Mexico, and classified as alkaloids. Many hallucinogens the United States. These mushrooms have chemical structures similar to those of typically contain less than 0.5 percent natural neurotransmitters (e.g., psilocybin plus trace amounts of acetylcholine-, serotonin-, or catecholamine- psilocin, another hallucinogenic like). While the exact mechanisms by which substance. hallucinogens exert their effects remain • PCP (phencyclidine) was developed in unclear, research suggests that these drugs the 1950s as an intravenous anesthetic. work, at least partially, by temporarily Its use has since been discontinued due interfering with neurotransmitter action or to serious adverse effects. by binding to their receptor sites. This DrugFacts will discuss four common types of How Are Hallucinogens Abused? hallucinogens: The very same characteristics that led to • LSD (d-lysergic acid diethylamide) is the incorporation of hallucinogens into one of the most potent mood-changing ritualistic or spiritual traditions have also chemicals. It was discovered in 1938 led to their propagation as drugs of abuse. and is manufactured from lysergic acid, Importantly, and unlike most other drugs, which is found in ergot, a fungus that the effects of hallucinogens are highly grows on rye and other grains. variable and unreliable, producing different • Peyote is a small, spineless cactus in effects in different people at different times. -
Protabase Record Display Datura Stramonium L
Protabase Record display www.prota.org Datura stramonium L. Protologue Sp. pl. 1: 179 (1753). Family Solanaceae Chromosome number 2n = 24 Vernacular names Thorn apple, green thorn apple, Jimson weed, Jamestown weed, devil’s apple, devil’s trumpet, stramonium (En). Pomme épineuse, stramoine, datura, feuille du diable, herbe du diable (Fr). Figueira do inferno, pomo espinhoso, erva dos bruxos, palha verde, estramonio (Po). Muranha (Sw). Origin and geographic distribution Datura stramonium is native to the Americas and has been introduced in many tropical, subtropical and even temperate regions. It is a naturalized weed in many African countries, but is probably seriously under-reported. Uses Datura stramonium and Datura metel L. have largely similar medicinal uses throughout the world. The most widely known use of Datura stramonium and of other Datura species is for relieving asthma, cough, tuberculosis and bronchitis by smoking the dried leaves, roots or flowers. ‘Asthma cigarettes’ have been shown to be very effective in some cases, but in other cases they had little or no effect. Cigarettes made with the leaves are also used to treat Parkinson’s disease. A decoction or infusion of leaves is given as a sedative to mental and schizophrenic patients. The leaves are applied as a dressing to cure rheumatic pain, swellings, wounds, gout, burns, ingrown toe-nails, fungal infections, tumours and ulcers. Dried pulverized leaves are dusted on wounds or applied after mixing the powder with fat or Vaseline. In DR Congo pounded fresh root and fresh leaves are soaked in water and the liquid is given in enema as an abortifacient. -
Tariff Schedules of the United States Alphabetical Index
TARIFF SCHEDULES OF THE UNITED STATES ALPHABETICAL INDEX 447 TARIFF SCHEDULES OF THE UNITED STATES 449 References to References to Tariff Schedules Tariff Schedules A ABACA 30U.02-0U ACID(S) —Continued ABRASIVES AND ABRASIVE ARTICEES Sch 5 Ft IG fatty, of animal or vegetable origin—Con. abrasive wheels mounted on frameworks, salts of— hand or pedal operated 6i<9.39 quaternary ammonium 1+65.15-20 nspf 519.81-86 sodium and potassium 1+65.25-30 ACCESSORIES (see PARTS, specific article of other 1+90.30-50 which accessory, or name of accessory) gluconic, and its compounds 1+37-51-52 ACCORDIONS 725.1U-16 glycerophosphoric, and its compounds 1+37.51+ ACCOUNTING MACHINES incorporating calculating inorganic 1+16.05-1+0 mechanism 676.1S-25 organic, including halogenated, hydroxy, ACENAPHTHENE li01.02 sulfonated and other substituted and ACETALDEHIDE U27.U0 unsubstituted acids 1+25-70-98 ACETALS ii29.00 monohydric alcohol esters of 1+28+50-72 ACETANILIDE— polyhydric alcohol esters of 1+28.30-1+6 suitable for medicinal use U07.02 salts of I+26.IO-I+27.28 other k03.60 salicylic— ACETATE(S) — suitable for medicinal use 1+07.12 amyl lt28.SO other 1+03-60 benzyl 1+08.05 tannic, containing of tannic acid— butyl 1+28.52 under 50 percent 1+25.98 calcium 1+26.10 50 percent or more 1+37-68-69 cellulose 1+1+5.20 ACONITE 1+35-05-10 copper 1+26.28 ACRIDINE 1+01.01+ ethyl 1+28.58 ACRTLATES AND METHACRTLATES 1+28.62-66 lead 1+26.36 ACRYIIC RESINS 1+1+5.05 nickel 1+26.58 ACRTLONITRILE— 1+25.00 sodium 1+26.86 resins l+i+5.10 vinyl 1+28.68 ACTIVATED CLAY 521.87 Other -
Hallucinogens - LSD, Peyote, Psilocybin, and PCP
Information for Behavioral Health Providers in Primary Care Hallucinogens - LSD, Peyote, Psilocybin, and PCP What are Hallucinogens? Hallucinogenic compounds found in some plants and mushrooms (or their extracts) have been used— mostly during religious rituals—for centuries. Almost all hallucinogens contain nitrogen and are classified as alkaloids. Many hallucinogens have chemical structures similar to those of natural neurotransmitters (e.g., acetylcholine-, serotonin-, or catecholamine-like). While the exact mechanisms by which hallucinogens exert their effects remain unclear, research suggests that these drugs work, at least partially, by temporarily interfering with neurotransmitter action or by binding to their receptor sites. This InfoFacts will discuss four common types of hallucinogens: LSD (d-lysergic acid diethylamide) is one of the most potent mood-changing chemicals. It was discovered in 1938 and is manufactured from lysergic acid, which is found in ergot, a fungus that grows on rye and other grains. Peyote is a small, spineless cactus in which the principal active ingredient is mescaline. This plant has been used by natives in northern Mexico and the southwestern United States as a part of religious ceremonies. Mescaline can also be produced through chemical synthesis. Psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine) is obtained from certain types of mushrooms that are indigenous to tropical and subtropical regions of South America, Mexico, and the United States. These mushrooms typically contain less than 0.5 percent psilocybin plus trace amounts of psilocin, another hallucinogenic substance. PCP (phencyclidine) was developed in the 1950s as an intravenous anesthetic. Its use has since been discontinued due to serious adverse effects. How Are Hallucinogens Abused? The very same characteristics that led to the incorporation of hallucinogens into ritualistic or spiritual traditions have also led to their propagation as drugs of abuse. -
Distribution of Sales of Manufacturing Plants
SALESF O MANUFACTURING PLANTS: 1929 5 amounts h ave in most instances been deducted from the h eading, however, are not representative of the the total sales figure. Only in those instances where total amount of wholesaling done by the manufacturers. the figure for contract work would have disclosed data 17. I nterplant transfers—The amounts reported for individual establishments, has this amount been under this heading represent the value of goods trans left in the sales figure. ferred from one plant of a company to another plant 15. I nventory.—The amounts reported under this of the same company, the goods so transferred being head representing greater production than sales, or used by the plant to which they were transferred as conversely, greater sales than goods produced, are so material for further processing or fabrication, as con— listed only for purposes of reconciling sales figures to tainers, or as parts of finished products. production figures, and should not be regarded as 18. S ales not distributed.—In some industries, actual inventories. certain manufacturing plants were unable to classify 16. W holesaling—In addition to the sale of goods their sales by types of customers. The total distrib— of their own manufacture, some companies buy and uted sales figures for these industries do not include sell goods not made by them. In many instances, the sales of such manufacturing plants. In such manufacturers have included the sales of such goods instances, however, the amount of sales not distributed in their total sales. The amounts reported under is shown in Table 3. -
Nightshade”—A Hierarchical Classification Approach to T Identification of Hallucinogenic Solanaceae Spp
Talanta 204 (2019) 739–746 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Talanta journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/talanta Call it a “nightshade”—A hierarchical classification approach to T identification of hallucinogenic Solanaceae spp. using DART-HRMS-derived chemical signatures ∗ Samira Beyramysoltan, Nana-Hawwa Abdul-Rahman, Rabi A. Musah Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY, 12222, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Plants that produce atropine and scopolamine fall under several genera within the nightshade family. Both Hierarchical classification atropine and scopolamine are used clinically, but they are also important in a forensics context because they are Psychoactive plants abused recreationally for their psychoactive properties. The accurate species attribution of these plants, which Seed species identifiction are related taxonomically, and which all contain the same characteristic biomarkers, is a challenging problem in Metabolome profiling both forensics and horticulture, as the plants are not only mind-altering, but are also important in landscaping as Direct analysis in real time-mass spectrometry ornamentals. Ambient ionization mass spectrometry in combination with a hierarchical classification workflow Chemometrics is shown to enable species identification of these plants. The hierarchical classification simplifies the classifi- cation problem to primarily consider the subset of models that account for the hierarchy taxonomy, instead of having it be based on discrimination between species using a single flat classification model. Accordingly, the seeds of 24 nightshade plant species spanning 5 genera (i.e. Atropa, Brugmansia, Datura, Hyocyamus and Mandragora), were analyzed by direct analysis in real time-high resolution mass spectrometry (DART-HRMS) with minimal sample preparation required. -
Substance Abuse and Dependence
9 Substance Abuse and Dependence CHAPTER CHAPTER OUTLINE CLASSIFICATION OF SUBSTANCE-RELATED THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES 310–316 Residential Approaches DISORDERS 291–296 Biological Perspectives Psychodynamic Approaches Substance Abuse and Dependence Learning Perspectives Behavioral Approaches Addiction and Other Forms of Compulsive Cognitive Perspectives Relapse-Prevention Training Behavior Psychodynamic Perspectives SUMMING UP 325–326 Racial and Ethnic Differences in Substance Sociocultural Perspectives Use Disorders TREATMENT OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE Pathways to Drug Dependence AND DEPENDENCE 316–325 DRUGS OF ABUSE 296–310 Biological Approaches Depressants Culturally Sensitive Treatment Stimulants of Alcoholism Hallucinogens Nonprofessional Support Groups TRUTH or FICTION T❑ F❑ Heroin accounts for more deaths “Nothing and Nobody Comes Before than any other drug. (p. 291) T❑ F❑ You cannot be psychologically My Coke” dependent on a drug without also being She had just caught me with cocaine again after I had managed to convince her that physically dependent on it. (p. 295) I hadn’t used in over a month. Of course I had been tooting (snorting) almost every T❑ F❑ More teenagers and young adults die day, but I had managed to cover my tracks a little better than usual. So she said to from alcohol-related motor vehicle accidents me that I was going to have to make a choice—either cocaine or her. Before she than from any other cause. (p. 297) finished the sentence, I knew what was coming, so I told her to think carefully about what she was going to say. It was clear to me that there wasn’t a choice. I love my T❑ F❑ It is safe to let someone who has wife, but I’m not going to choose anything over cocaine. -
Forensic Features of a Fatal Datura Poisoning Case During a Robbery
Forensic Science International 261 (2016) e17–e21 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Forensic Science International jou rnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/forsciint Case report Forensic features of a fatal Datura poisoning case during a robbery a, a a a a,b E. Le Garff *, Y. Delannoy , V. Mesli , V. He´douin , G. Tournel a Univ Lille, CHU Lille, UTML (EA7367), Service de Me´decine Le´gale, F-59000 Lille, France b Univ Lille, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Toxicologie, F-59000 Lille, France A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Datura poisonings have been previously described but remain rare in forensic practice. Here, we present Received 2 October 2015 a homicide case involving Datura poisoning, which occurred during a robbery. Toxicological results Received in revised form 28 January 2016 were obtained by second autopsy performed after one previous autopsy and full body embalmment. A Accepted 13 February 2016 35-year-old man presented with severe stomach and digestive pain, became unconscious and ultimately Available online 23 February 2016 died during a trip in Asia. A first autopsy conducted in Asia revealed no trauma, intoxication or pathology. The corpse was embalmed with methanol/formalin. A second autopsy was performed in France, and Keywords: toxicology samples were collected. Scopolamine, atropine, and hyoscyamine were found in the vitreous Forensic humor, in addition to methanol. Police investigators questioned the local travel guide, who admitted to Intoxication Datura having added Datura to a drink to stun and rob his victim. The victim’s death was attributed to disordered Homicide heart rhythm due to severe anticholinergic syndrome following fatal Datura intoxication. -
Adverse Reactions to Hallucinogenic Drugs. 1Rnstttutton National Test
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 034 696 SE 007 743 AUTROP Meyer, Roger E. , Fd. TITLE Adverse Reactions to Hallucinogenic Drugs. 1rNSTTTUTTON National Test. of Mental Health (DHEW), Bethesda, Md. PUB DATP Sep 67 NOTE 118p.; Conference held at the National Institute of Mental Health, Chevy Chase, Maryland, September 29, 1967 AVATLABLE FROM Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402 ($1.25). FDPS PRICE FDPS Price MFc0.50 HC Not Available from EDRS. DESCPTPTOPS Conference Reports, *Drug Abuse, Health Education, *Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, *Medical Research, *Mental Health IDENTIFIEPS Hallucinogenic Drugs ABSTPACT This reports a conference of psychologists, psychiatrists, geneticists and others concerned with the biological and psychological effects of lysergic acid diethylamide and other hallucinogenic drugs. Clinical data are presented on adverse drug reactions. The difficulty of determining the causes of adverse reactions is discussed, as are different methods of therapy. Data are also presented on the psychological and physiolcgical effects of L.S.D. given as a treatment under controlled medical conditions. Possible genetic effects of L.S.D. and other drugs are discussed on the basis of data from laboratory animals and humans. Also discussed are needs for futher research. The necessity to aviod scare techniques in disseminating information about drugs is emphasized. An aprentlix includes seven background papers reprinted from professional journals, and a bibliography of current articles on the possible genetic effects of drugs. (EB) National Clearinghouse for Mental Health Information VA-w. Alb alb !bAm I.S. MOMS Of NAM MON tMAN IONE Of NMI 105 NUNN NU IN WINES UAWAS RCM NIN 01 NUN N ONMININI 01011110 0. -
Carbon-I I-D-Threo-Methylphenidate Binding to Dopamine Transporter in Baboon Brain
Carbon-i i-d-threo-Methylphenidate Binding to Dopamine Transporter in Baboon Brain Yu-Shin Ding, Joanna S. Fowler, Nora D. Volkow, Jean Logan, S. John Gatley and Yuichi Sugano Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York; and Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Stony Brook@Stony Brook@NY children (1). MP is also used to treat narcolepsy (2). The The more active d-enantiomer of methyiphenidate (dI-threo psychostimulant properties of MP have been linked to its methyl-2-phenyl-2-(2-piperidyl)acetate, Ritalin)was labeled with binding to a site on the dopamine transporter, resulting in lic (t1,@:20.4 mm) to characterize its binding, examine its spec inhibition of dopamine reuptake and enhanced levels of ificftyfor the dopamine transporter and evaluate it as a radio synaptic dopamine. tracer forthe presynapticdopaminergicneuron. Methods PET We have developed a rapid synthesis of [11C]dl-threo studies were canied out inthe baboon. The pharmacokinetics of methylphenidate ([“C]MP)to examine its pharmacokinet r1c]d-th@O-msth@ha@idate @f'1C]d-thmo-MP)weremeasured ics and pharmacological profile in vivo and to evaluate its and compared with r1cY-th@o-MP and with fts racemate ff@1C]fl-thmo-meth@1phenidate,r1c]MP). Nonradioact,ve meth suitability as a radiotracer for the presynaptic dopaminergic ylphenidate was used to assess the reveralbilityand saturability neuron (3,4). These first PET studies of MP in the baboon of the binding. GBR 12909, 3@3-(4-iodophenyI)tropane-2-car and human brain demonstrated the saturable [1‘C]MP boxylic acid methyl ester (fi-Cfl), tomoxetine and citalopram binding to the dopamine transporter in the baboon brain were used to assess the binding specificity.