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Nat’l Highway Traffic Safety Admin., DOT § 570.55

(b) Deformation. The lateral and ra- Safety Standards, are used as defined dial runout of each bead area shall in that part. not exceed one-eighth of an inch of Air-over-hydraulic subsystem total indicated runout. means a subsystem of the (1) Inspection procedure. Using a run- that uses compressed air to transmit a out indicator gauge, and a suitable force from the driver control to a hy- stand, measure lateral and radial run- draulic brake system to actuate the out of rim bead through one full service . revolution and note runout in excess of Electric brake system means a system one-eighth of an inch. that uses electric current to actuate (c) Mounting. All wheel nuts and the service brake. bolts shall be in place and tight. system means a system (1) Inspection procedure. Check wheel that uses a vacuum and atmospheric retention for conditions indicated. pressure for transmitting a force from [38 FR 23950, Sept. 5, 1973, as amended at 39 the driver control to the service brake, FR 12868, Apr. 9, 1974] but does not include a system that uses vacuum only to assist the driver in ap- Subpart B—Vehicles With GVWR of plying muscular force to hydraulic or More Than 10,000 Pounds mechanical components. § 570.55 Hydraulic brake system. SOURCE: 39 FR 26027, July 16, 1974, unless The following requirements apply to otherwise noted. vehicles with hydraulic brake systems. § 570.51 Scope. (a) Brake system failure indicator. The hydraulic brake system failure indi- This part specifies standards and pro- cator lamp, if part of a vehicle’s origi- cedures for the inspection of brake, nal equipment, shall be operable. steering and suspension systems, and (1) Inspection procedure. Apply the and wheel assemblies, of motor ve- and turn the ignition to hicles in use with a gross vehicle start to verify that the brake system weight rating of more than 10,000 failure indicator lamp is operable, or pounds. verify by other means recommended by § 570.52 Purpose. the vehicle manufacturer. (b) Brake system integrity. The hydrau- The purpose of this part is to estab- lic brake system shall demonstrate in- lish criteria for the inspection of motor tegrity as indicated by no perceptible vehicles through State inspection pro- decrease in pedal height under a 125- grams, in order to reduce deaths and pound force applied to the brake pedal injuries attributable to failure or inad- and by no illumination of the brake equate performance of the motor vehi- system failure indicator lamp. The cle systems covered by this part. brake system shall withstand the ap- § 570.53 Applicability. plication of force to the pedal without failure of any tube, hose or other part. This part does not in itself impose re- (1) Inspection procedure. With the en- quirements on any person. It is in- gine running in vehicles equipped with tended to be implemented by States power brake systems and the ignition through the highway safety program turned to ‘‘on’’ in other vehicles, apply standards issued under the Highway a force of 125 pounds to the brake pedal Safety Act (23 U.S.C. 402) with respect and hold for 10 seconds. Note any addi- to inspection of motor vehicles with tional decrease in pedal height after gross vehicle weight rating greater the initial decrease, and whether the than 10,000 pounds, except mobile brake system failure indicator lamp il- structure trailers. luminates. [39 FR 28980, Aug. 13, 1974] (c) Brake pedal reserve. When the brake pedal is depressed with a force of § 570.54 Definitions. 50 pounds, the distance that the pedal Unless otherwise indicated, all terms has traveled from its free position shall used in this part that are defined in be not greater than 80 percent of the part 571 of this chapter, Motor Vehicle total distance from its free position to

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the floorboard or other object that re- force, start the engine. If the brake stricts pedal travel. The brake pedal pedal does not move slightly under reserve test is not required for vehicles force when the engine starts, there is a with brake systems designed by the malfunction in the power assist unit. original vehicle, manufacturer to oper- (b) Low-vacuum indicator. If the vehi- ate with greater than 80 percent pedal cle has a low-vacuum indicator, the in- travel. dicator activation level shall not be (1) Inspection procedure. Measure the less than 8 inches of mercury. distance (i) from the free pedal position (1) Inspection procedure. Run the en- to the floor board or other object that gine to evacuate the system fully. Shut restricts brake pedal travel. Depress off the engine and slowly reduce the the brake pedal, and with the force ap- vacuum in the system by moderate plied measure the distance (ii) from the brake applications until the vehicle depressed pedal position to the floor vacuum gauge reads 8 inches of mer- board or other object that restricts cury. Observe the functioning of the pedal travel. Determine the pedal trav- low-vacuum indicator. el percentage as (c) Vacuum brake system integrity. (1) [(A ¥ B) / A] × 100 The vacuum brake system shall dem- onstrate integrity by meeting the fol- The engine must be operating when lowing requirements: power-assisted brakes are checked. (i) The vacuum brake system shall (d) Brake hoses, , tubes provide vacuum reserve to permit one and tube assemblies. Hydraulic brake service brake application with a brake hoses shall not be mounted so as to pedal force of 50 pounds after the en- contact the vehicle body or . gine is turned off without actuating Hoses shall not be cracked, chafed, or the low vacuum indicator. flattened. Brake tubes shall not be flat- (ii) Trailer vacuum brakes shall oper- tened or restricted. Brake hoses and ate in conjunction with the truck or tubes shall be attached or supported to truck tractor brake pedal. prevent damage by vibration or abra- (2) Inspection procedure. (i) Check the sion. Master cylinder shall not show trailer vacuum system by signs of leakage. Hose or tube protec- trailer(s) to truck or truck tractor and tive rings or devices shall not be con- opening trailer shutoff valves. Start sidered part of the hose or tubing. the engine and after allowing approxi- (1) Inspection procedure. Examine vis- mately 1 minute to build up the vacu- ually brake master cylinder, hoses and um, apply and release the brake pedal. tubes, including front brake hoses, In the case of trailer brakes equipped through all wheel positions from full with brake chamber rods, observe the left turn to full right turn for condi- chamber rod movement. Run the en- tions indicated. gine to re-establish maximum vacuum, [39 FR 26027, July 16, 1974, as amended at 40 then shut off the engine and apply the FR 5160, Feb. 4, 1975] brakes with a 50-pound force on the brake pedal. Note the brake applica- § 570.56 Vacuum brake assist unit and tion and check for low-vacuum indi- vacuum brake system. cator activation. The following requirements apply to (ii) For a combination vehicle vehicles with vacuum brake assist equipped with breakaway protection units and vacuum brake systems. and no reservoir on the towing vehicle (a) Vacuum brake assist unit integrity. supply line, close the supply line shut- The vacuum brake assist unit shall off valve and disconnect the supply demonstrate integrity as indicated by line. Apply a 50-pound force to the a decrease in pedal height when the en- brake pedal on the towing vehicle and gine is started and a constant 50-pound release. Trailer brakes should remain force is maintained on the pedal. in the applied position. (1) Inspection procedure. Stop the en- (d) Vacuum system hoses, tubes and gine and apply service brake several connections. Vacuum hoses, tubes and times to destroy vacuum in system. connections shall be in place and prop- Depress the brake pedal with 50 pounds erly supported. Vacuum hoses shall not of force and while maintaining that be collapsed, cracked or abraded.

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(1) Inspection procedure. With the en- (5) Air brake pressure shall not drop gine running, examine hoses and tubes more than 2 psi in 1 minute for single for the conditions indicated and note vehicles or more than 3 psi in 1 minute broken or missing clamps. for combination vehicles, with the en- gine stopped and service brakes re- § 570.57 Air brake system and air-over- leased. There may be an additional 1 hydraulic brake subsystem. psi drop per minute for each additional The following requirements apply to towed vehicle. vehicles with air brake and air-over- (6) With the reservoir(s) fully hydraulic brake systems. Trailer(s) charged, air pressure shall not drop must be coupled to a truck or truck- more than 3 psi in 1 minute for single tractor for the purpose of this inspec- vehicles or more than 4 psi in 1 minute tion, except as noted. for combination vehicles, with the en- (a) Air brake system integrity. The air gine stopped and service brakes fully brake system shall demonstrate integ- applied. There may be an additional 1 rity by meeting the following require- psi drop per minute for each additional ments: towed vehicle. (1) With the vehicle in a stationary (7) The compressor drive belt shall position, compressed air reserve shall not be badly worn or frayed and belt- be sufficient to permit one full service tension shall be sufficient to prevent brake application, after the engine is slippage. stopped and with the system fully Inspection procedure. With the air sys- charged, without lowering reservoir tem charged, open the drain cocks in pressure more than 20 percent below the service and supply reservoir on the the initial reading. truck or truck-tractor. Note the pres- (2) The air brake system compressor sure at which the visual or audible shall increase the air pressure in the warning device connected to the low- reservoir(s) from the level developed pressure indicator is activated. Close after the test prescribed in § 570.57(a)(1) the drain cocks, and, with the trailer(s) to the initial pressure noted before the uncoupled, check air pressure buildup full brake application, with the engine at the manufacturer’s recommended running at the manufacturer’s max- engine speed. Observe the time re- imum recommended number of revolu- quired to raise the air pressure from 85 tions per minute with the compressor to 100 psi. Continue running the engine governor in the cut-off position, in not until the governor cuts out and note more than 30 seconds for vehicles man- the pressure. Reduce engine speed to ufactured prior to March 1, 1975. For idle, couple the trailer(s), if applicable, vehicles, manufactured on or after and make a series of brake applica- March 1, 1975, the time allowed for air tions. Note the pressure at which the pressure buildup shall not exceed 45 governor cuts in. Increased engine seconds. speed to fast idle and charge the sys- (3) The warning device (visual or au- tem to its governed pressure. Stop the dible) connected to the brake system engine and record the pressure drop in air pressure source shall be activated psi per minute with brakes released when air pressure is lowered to an acti- and with brakes fully applied. vating level that is not less than 50 psi. (b) Air brake system hoses, tubes and For vehicles manufactured to conform connections. Air system tubes, hoses to Federal Motor Vehicle Safety and connections shall not be restricted, Standard No. 121, the low-pressure indi- cracked or improperly supported, and cator shall be activated when air pres- the air hose shall not be abraded. sure is lowered to an activating level (1) Inspection procedure. Stop the en- that is not less than 60 psi. gine and examine air hoses, tubes and (4) The governor cut-in pressure shall connections visually for conditions be not lower than 80 psi, and the cut- specified. out pressure shall be not higher than (c) Air-over-hydraulic brake subsystem 135 psi, unless other values are rec- integrity. The air-over-hydraulic brake ommended by the vehicle manufac- subsystem shall demonstrate integrity turer. by meeting the following requirements:

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(1) The air brake system compressor until the governor cuts out and note shall increase the air pressure in the the pressure. Reduce engine speed to reservoir(s) from the level developed idle, couple trailers, and make a series after the test prescribed in § 570.57(a)(1) of brake applications. Note the pres- to the initial pressure noted before the sure at which the governor cuts in. In- full brake application, with the engine crease engine speed to fast idle and running at the manufacturer’s rec- charge the system to its governed pres- ommended number of revolutions per sure. Stop the engine and record the minute and the compressor governor in pressure drop in psi per minute with the cut-out position, in not more than brakes released and with brakes fully 30 seconds for vehicles manufactured applied. prior to March 1, 1975. For vehicles (d) Air-over-hydraulic brake subsystem manufactured on or after March 1, 1975, hoses, master cylinder, tubes and connec- the time for air pressure build up shall tions. System tubes, hoses and connec- not exceed 45 seconds. tions shall not be cracked or improp- (2) The warning device (visual or au- erly supported, the air and hydraulic dible) connected to the brake system hoses shall not be abraded and the mas- air pressure source shall be activated ter cylinder shall not show signs of when the air pressure is lowered to not leakage. less than 50 psi. (1) Inspection procedure. Stop the en- (3) The governor cut-in pressure shall gine and examine air and hydraulic be not lower than 80 psi, and the cut- brake hoses, brake master cylinder, out pressure shall not be higher than tubes and connections visually for con- 135 psi, unless other values are rec- ditions specified. ommended by the vehicle manufac- [39 FR 26027, July 16, 1974, as amended at 40 turer. FR 5160, Feb. 4, 1975; 41 FR 13924, Apr. 1, 1976] (4) Air brake pressure shall not drop more than 2 psi in 1 minute for single § 570.58 Electric brake system. vehicles or more than 3 psi in 1 minute (a) Electric brake system integrity. The for combination vehicles, with the en- average brake amperage value shall be gine stopped and service brakes re- not more than 20 percent above, and leased. Allow a 1-psi drop per minute not less than 30 percent below, the for each additional towed vehicle. brake manufacturer’s maximum cur- (5) With the reservoir(s) fully rent rating. In progressing from zero to charged, air pressure shall not drop maximum, the ammeter indication more than 3 psi in 1 minute for single shall show no fluctuation evidencing a vehicles or more than 4 psi in 1 minute short circuit or other interruption of for combination vehicles, with the en- current. gine stopped and service brakes fully (1) Inspection procedure. Insert a low applied. Allow a 1-psi pressure drop in range (0 to 25 amperes for most 2- and 1 minute for each additional towed ve- 4-brake systems and 0 to 40 amperes for hicle. a 6-brake system) d.c. ammeter into (6) The compressor drive belt shall the brake circuit between the con- not be badly worn or frayed and belt troller and the brakes. With the con- tension shall be sufficient to prevent troller in the ‘‘off’’ position, the amme- slippage. ter should read zero. Gradually apply Inspection procedure. With the air sys- the controller to the ‘‘full on’’ position tem charged, open the drain cocks in for a brief period (not to exceed 1 the service and supply reservoir on the minute) and observe the maximum am- truck or truck-tractor. Note the pres- meter reading. Gradually return the sure at which the visual or audible controller to ‘‘full off’’ and observe re- warning device connected to the low turn to zero amperes. Divide the max- pressure indicator is activated. Close imum ammeter reading by the number the drain cocks and, with the trailers of brakes and determine the brake am- uncoupled, check air pressure buildup perage value. at the manufacturer’s recommended (b) Electric brake wiring condition. engine speed. Observe the time re- Electric brake wiring shall not be quired to raise the air pressure from 85 frayed. Wiring clips or brackets shall to 100 psi. Continue running the engine not be broken or missing. Terminal

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connections shall be clean. Conductor be found on motor vehicles manufac- wire gauge shall not be below the brake tured since January 1, 1971, and may be manufacturer’s minimum rec- found on vehicles manufactured for ommendation. several years prior to that time. If the (1) Inspection procedure. Examine vis- drums and discs are not embossed, they ually for conditions specified. shall be within the manufacturer’s specifications. § 570.59 Service brake system. (1) Inspection procedure. Examine vis- (a) Service brake performance. Compli- ually for the condition indicated, ance with any one of the following per- measuring as necessary. formance criteria will satisfy the re- (c) Friction materials. On each brake, quirements of this section. Verify that the thickness of the lining or pad shall tire inflation pressure is within the not be less than one thirty-second of an limits recommended by the vehicle inch over the fastener, or one-sixteenth manufacturer before conducting either of an inch over the on bond- of the following tests. ed linings or pads. Brake linings and (1) Roller-type or drive-on platform pads shall not have cracks or breaks tests. The force applied by the brake on that extend to rivet holes except minor a front wheel or a rear wheel shall not cracks that do not impair attachment. differ by more than 25 percent from the The wire in wire-backed lining shall force applied by the brake on the other not be visible on the friction surface. front wheel or the other rear wheel re- linings shall be securely spectively. attached to brake shoes. (i) Inspection procedure. The vehicle pads shall be securely attached to shoe shall be tested on a drive-on platform, plates. or a roller-type brake analyzer with (1) Inspection procedure. Examine vis- the capability of measuring equali- ually for the conditions indicated, and zation. The test shall be conducted in measure the height of the rubbing sur- accordance with the test equipment face of the lining over the fastener manufacturer’s specifications. Note the heads. Measure bonded lining thickness brake force variance. over the surface at the thinnest point (2) Road test. The service brake sys- on the lining or pad. tem shall stop single unit vehicles, ex- cept truck-tractors, in a distance of (d) Structural and mechanical parts. not more than 35 feet, or combination Backing plates, brake spiders and cal- vehicles and truck-tractors in a dis- iper assemblies shall not be deformed tance of not more than 40 feet, from a or cracked. System parts shall not be speed of 20 mph, without leaving a 12- broken, misaligned, missing, binding, foot-wide lane. or show evidence of severe wear. Auto- (i) Inspection procedure. The road test matic adjusters and other parts shall shall be conducted on a level (not to be assembled and installed correctly. exceed plus or minus 1 percent grade), (1) Inspection procedure. Examine vis- dry, smooth, hard-surfaced road that is ually for conditions indicated. free from loose material, oil or grease. The service brakes shall be applied at a § 570.60 Steering system. vehicle speed of 20 mph and the vehicle (a) System play. Lash or free play in shall be brought to a stop as specified. the steering system shall not exceed Measure the distance required to stop. the values shown in Table 2. NOTE: Inspect for paragraphs (b), (c) and (d) (1) Inspection procedure. With the en- of this section on vehicles equipped with gine on and the steering in brake inspection ports or access openings, the straight ahead position, turn the and when removal of wheel is not required. steering wheel in one direction until (b) Disc and drum condition. If the there is a perceptible movement of the drum is embossed with a maximum wheel. If a point on the steering wheel safe diameter dimension or the rotor is rim moves more than the value shown embossed with a minimum safe thick- in Table 1 before perceptible return ness dimension, the drum or disc shall movement of the wheel under observa- be within the appropriate specifica- tion, there is excessive lash or free play tions. These dimensions will generally in the steering system.

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TABLE 2. STEERING WHEEL FREE PLAY VALUES (1) Inspection procedure. Examine fluid reservoir, hoses and pump belts Lash Steering wheel diameter (inches) (inches) for the conditions indicated.

16 or less ...... 2 NOTE: Inspection of the suspension system 18 ...... 21⁄4 must not precede the service brake perform- 20 ...... 21⁄2 ance test. 22 ...... 23⁄4 § 570.61 Suspension system. (b) Linkage play. Free play in the steering linkage shall not exceed the (a) Suspension condition. Ball joint values shown in Table 3. seals shall not be cut or cracked, other (1) Inspection procedure. Elevate the than superficial surface cracks. Ball front end of the vehicle to load the ball joints and kingpins shall not be bent or joints, if the vehicle is so equipped. In- damaged. Stabilizer bars shall be con- sure that wheel bearings are correctly nected. Springs shall not be broken and adjusted. Grasp the front and rear of a coil springs shall not be extended by tire and attempt to turn the tire and spacers. mountings, wheel assemble left and right. If the shackles, and U-bolts shall be securely free movement at the front or rear attached. Rubber bushings shall not be tread of the tire exceeds the applicable cracked, extruded out from or missing value shown in Table 3, there is exces- from suspension joints. Radius rods sive steering linkage play. shall not be missing or damaged. (1) Inspection procedure. Examine TABLE 3. FRONT WHEEL STEERING LINKAGE front and rear end suspension parts for FREE PLAY the conditions indicated. Play (b) Shock absorber condition. There Nominal bead diameter or rim size (inches) (inches) shall be no oil on the shock absorber housings attributable to leakage by the 16 or less ...... 1⁄4 16.01 through 18.00 ...... 3⁄8 seal. 18.01 or more ...... 1⁄2 (1) Inspection procedure. Examine shock absorbers for oil leakage from (c) Free turning. Steering wheels shall within. turn freely through the limit of travel in both directions. § 570.62 . (1) Inspection procedure. With the en- gine running on a vehicle with power (a) Tread depth. The tread shall be steering, or the steerable wheels ele- not less than four thirty-seconds of an vated on a vehicle without power steer- inch deep on each front tire of any ve- ing, turn the steering wheel through hicle other than a trailer and not less the limit of travel in both directions. than two thirty-seconds of an inch on Feel for binding or jamming in the all other tires. steering gear mechanism. (1) Inspection procedure. For tires (d) Alignment. -in or toe-out con- with treadwear indicators, check for dition shall not be greater than 1.5 indicators in any two adjacent major times the values listed in the vehicle grooves at three locations spaced ap- manufacturer’s service specification proximately 120° apart around the cir- for alignment setting. cumference of the tire. For tires with- (1) Inspection procedure. Drive the ve- out treadwear indicators, measure the hicle over a sideslip indicator or meas- tread depth with a suitable gauge or ure with a tread gauge, and verify that scale in two adjacent major grooves at the toe-in or toe-out is not greater 3 locations spaced approximately 120° than 1.5 times the values listed in the apart around the circumference of the vehicle manufacturer’s service speci- tire at the area of greatest wear. fication. (b) Type. Vehicles should be equipped (e) Power steering system. The power with tires on the same axle that are steering system shall not have cracked, matched in construction and tire size frayed or slipping belts, chafed or designation, and dual tires shall be abrated hoses, show signs of leakage or matched for overall diameter within have insufficient fluid in the reservoir. one-half inch.

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(1) Inspection procedure. Examine vis- PART 571—FEDERAL MOTOR ually. A mismatch in size and con- VEHICLE SAFETY STANDARDS struction between tires on the same axle, or a major deviation from the size Subpart A—General recommended by the vehicle or tire manufacturer, is a cause for rejection. Sec. 571.1 Scope. On a dual-tire arrangement the diame- 571.3 Definitions. ter of one of the duals must be within 571.4 Explanation of usage. one-half inch of the other as measured 571.5 Matter incorporated by reference. by a gauge block inserted between the 571.7 Applicability. tire and a caliper. 571.8 Effective date. 571.9 Separability. (c) General condition. Tires shall be 571.10 Designation of seating positions. free from chunking, bumps, knots, or bulges evidencing cord, ply or tread Subpart B—Federal Motor Vehicle Safety separation from the casing. Standards (1) Inspection procedure. Examine vis- 571.101 Standard No. 101; Controls and dis- ually for the conditions indicated. plays. (d) Damage. Tire cords or belting ma- 571.102 Standard No. 102; shift terials shall not be exposed, either to position sequence, starter interlock, and the naked eye or when cuts on the tire transmission braking effect. are probed. Reinforcement repairs to 571.103 Standard No. 103; Windshield defrosting and defogging systems. the cord body are allowable on tires 571.104 Standard No. 104; Windshield wiping other than front-mounted tires. and washing systems. (1) Inspection procedure. Examine vis- 571.105 Standard No. 105; Hydraulic and ually for the conditions indicated, electric brake systems. using a blunt instrument if necessary 571.106 Standard No. 106; Brake hoses. to probe cuts and abrasions. 571.107 [Reserved] 571.108 Standard No. 108; Lamps, reflective (e) Special purpose tires. Tires marked devices, and associated equipment. ‘‘Not For Highway Use’’ or ‘‘Farm Use 571.109 Standard No. 109; New pneumatic Only’’ or other such restrictions shall and certain specialty tires. not be used on any motor vehicles op- 571.110 Tire selection and rims and motor erating on public highways. home/recreation vehicle trailer load - rying capacity information for motor ve- (1) Inspection procedure. Examine vis- hicles with a GVWR of 4,536 kilograms ually for tires labeled with specific re- (10,000 pounds) or less. strictions. 571.111 Standard No. 111; Rear visibility. 571.112 [Reserved] § 570.63 Wheel assemblies. 571.113 Standard No. 113; Hood latch system. 571.114 Standard No. 114; Theft protection. (a) Wheel integrity. A tire rim, wheel 571.115 [Reserved] disc or spider shall have no visible 571.116 Standard No. 116; Motor vehicle cracks, elongated bolt holes, or indica- brake fluids. tions of in-service repair by welding. 571.117 Standard No. 117; Retreaded pneu- (1) Inspection procedure. Examine vis- matic tires. 571.118 Standard No. 118; Power-operated ually for the conditions indicated. window, partition, and roof panel sys- (b) Cast wheels. Cast wheels shall not tems. be cracked or show evidence of exces- 571.119 Standard No. 119; New pneumatic sive wear in the clamp area. tires for motor vehicles with a GVWR of (1) Inspection procedure. Examine vis- more than 4,536 kilograms (10,000 pounds) and motorcycles. ually for the conditions indicated. 571.120 Tire selection and rims and motor (c) Mounting. All wheel nuts shall be home/recreation vehicle trailer load car- in place and tight. rying capacity information for motor ve- (1) Inspection procedure. Check wheel hicles with a GVWR of more than 4,536 retention for the conditions indicated. kilograms (10,000 pounds). 571.121 Standard No. 121; Air brake systems. 571.122 Standard No. 122; Motorcycle brake systems. 571.122a Standard No. 122; Motorcycle brake systems.

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