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Typical Brake Disc and Brake Pad Damage Patterns and Their Root Causes
Typical brake disc and brake pad damage patterns and their root causes www.meyle.com Good brakes save lives! The consequences of choosing the wrong or low-grade brake parts can be dramatic. Only use the brake components specified for the given vehicle application. Brake system repairs may only be performed by skilled and trained personnel. Adhere to the vehicle or brake manufacturer‘s specifications at all times. MEYLE Platinum Disc: When installing new brake components, observe the All-new finish. No degreasing. following: Fit and go. > Always replace brake pads along with brake discs. > Always replace all brake discs and pads per axle. All MEYLE brake discs come as ready-to-mount assemblies, most of > Be careful to bed in new brake discs and pads properly. them featuring the locating screw. They do not require degreasing > Avoid unnecessary heavy braking on the first 200 kilometres. and are resistant to rim cleaners. Cutting-edge paint technology > Brake performance may be lower on the first 200 driven made in Germany provides MEYLE Platinum Discs with long-term kilometres. anti-corrosion protection while adding a brilliant appearance. Further refinement of the tried-and-tested MEYLE finish has led to Check for functional reliability after installation: environmentally-friendly production processes. > Pump brake pedal until it becomes stiff. > Pedal travel must not vary at constant pedal load after pedal has MEYLE Platinum Discs – the safety solution engineered by one been depressed several times. of the industry‘s leading experts in coated brake discs. > Check wheels for free rotation. > Check brake fluid level in expansion tank and top up, if required. -
A Review of Rear Axle Steering System Technology for Commercial Vehicles
연구논문 Journal of Drive and Control, Vol.17 No.4 pp.152-159 Dec. 2020 ISSN 2671-7972(print) ISSN 2671-7980(online) http://dx.doi.org/10.7839/ksfc.2020.17.4.152 A Review of Rear Axle Steering System Technology for Commercial Vehicles 하룬 아흐마드 칸1․윤소남2*․정은아2․박정우2,3․유충목4․한성민4 Haroon Ahmad Khan1, So-Nam Yun2*, Eun-A Jeong2, Jeong-Woo Park2,3, Chung-Mok Yoo4 and Sung-Min Han4 Received: 02 Nov. 2020, Revised: 23 Nov. 2020, Accepted: 28 Nov. 2020 Key Words：Rear Axle Steering, Commercial Vehicles, Centering Cylinder, Tag Axle Steering, Maneuverability Abstract: This study reviews the rear or tag axle steering system’s concepts and technology applied to commercial vehicles. Most commercial vehicles are large in size with more than two axles. Maneuvering them around tight corners, narrow roads, and spaces is a difficult job if only the front axle is steerable. Furthermore, wear and tear in tires will increase as turn angle and number of axles are increased. This problem can be solved using rear axle steering technology that is being used in commercial vehicles nowadays. Rear axle steering system technology uses a cylinder mounted on one of rear axles called a steering cylinder. Cylinder control is the primary objective of the real axle steering system. There are two types of such steering mechanisms. One uses master and slave cylinder concept while the other concept is relatively new. It goes by the name of smart axle, self-steered axle, or smart steering axle driven independently from the front wheel steering. All these different types of steering mechanisms are discussed in this study with detailed description, advantages, disadvantages, and safety considerations. -
Meritor® Independent Front Suspension Drivetrain System
MERITOR® INDEPENDENT FRONT SUSPENSION DRIVETRAIN SYSTEM Meritor’s state-of-the-art modular drivetrain system for all-wheel drive (AWD) commercial trucks features the Independent Front Suspension (IFS) module equipped with modern steering geometry and air disc brake technology, and a low-profile shift on-the-fly transfer case. The IFS, available in drive or non-drive options, is a part of Meritor’s field-proven and widely acclaimed ProTec™ ISAS® line of independent suspensions. This bolt-on, modular solution does not require modifications to existing frame rails and maintains vehicle ride height. FEATURES AND BENEFITS ■ Proven Independent Suspension Axle System technology – The ISAS product line has been fitted on high-mobility vehicles for over 20 years. The Independent Front Suspension system leverages decades of expertise in designing and manufacturing field-proven systems. ■ Bolt-on system – The Independent Front Suspension does not require modifications to frame rails ■ 5 to 12 inch ride height reduction – Improves vehicle roll stability versus best-in-class beam axle ■ Modular solution – Maintains the same ride height of a rear-wheel drive (RWD) truck ■ Lower center of gravity – Better vehicle maneuverability and stability for safe and confident handling ■ 60 percent reduction in cab and driver-absorbed power – Ride harshness improvements as well as reduction in unwanted steering feedback lead to less physical fatigue for the driver, and higher reliability of the cab ■ 2-times the wheel travel – The Independent Front Suspension provides -
Electric to Hydraulic Disc Brake Conversion Installation and Owner’S Manual (For Aftermarket Application)
Electric to Hydraulic Disc Brake Conversion Installation and Owner’s Manual (For Aftermarket Application) Electric to Hydraulic Disc Brake Conversion Installation and Owner’s Manual (For Aftermarket Applications) Table of Contents Introduction Introduction �������������������������������������������� 1 Document Information ................................. 1 Document Information Trailer Axle Brake Inspection .......................... 1 The hydraulic disc brake assembly and kits are an Safety Information ..................................... 2 additional option for replacement brakes or the installation Resources Required ................................... 2 of current industry standards in braking. Parts List ................................................ 3 Trailer Axle Brake Inspection Installation .............................................. 3 In general, based on normal activity, trailer brakes should Mount Hydraulic Brake Actuator ....................... 3 be checked annually or every 36,000 miles, whichever Electric Brake Hubs Removal .......................... 4 comes first. If above normal trailer activity is experienced, Brake Hub Removal ................................... 4 then more frequent brake component inspections are Hydraulic Disc Brake Preparation ...................... 6 Disc Brake Assembly Installation ...................... 6 recommended. In the event the braking system encounters Inner Bearing Cone and Grease Seal Installation ..... 7 symptoms of improper application or failure, immediate New Seal Installation -
Royal-Enfield-Classic
about seventy on freeways…at least you won’t be getting any speeding tickets. Weighing in at 425 lbs. with a 3.56 gal- lon tank and claimed 75 mpg, the Classic 500 puts others to shame in the mileage depart- ment. Anyone looking for the fastest, most comfortable, best handling, best braking motor- cycle should look elsewhere, that’s not what the Classic or Bullet is about. Riding the wave of ‘new vintage’ motor- cycles, Royal Enfield hits the mark dead center. This is a commuter bike that not only gets the job done respectably, it will steal the attention from motorcycles three times its price. Gawkers commented on the impec- cable restoration job or que- ried its history and lineage. Royal Enfield’s reek retro cool without the stench of costly maintenance and exorbitant prices of actual vintage. At $5,499.00 what’s not to like! I just bought a vintage Bullet on eBay that will be prominently displayed in my living room. Royal Enfield also revealed an all new Interceptor 650 and the Continental GT 650 will be released this year. Both bikes share the same steel tube chassis and an all-new air- cooled 650cc parallel making them more highway-friendly By Koz Mraz malayan Roadrunners. They are the and faster. The 2018 Royal Photos by Koz & Gabrielle Romanello very first company to offer such trips Enfield Interceptor 650 is a ENGINE: thirty years ago. See “Motorcycling standard bike with an upright Type: Single Cylinder, 4-Stroke, Spark Ignition, Air-Cooled, Fuel Injection Rebirthing classic styling is very the Himalayas” in this issue. -
Meritor® Tire Inflation System (Mtis) by Psi™ Including Meritor Thermalert™
MERITOR® TIRE INFLATION SYSTEM (MTIS) BY PSI™ INCLUDING MERITOR THERMALERT™ PB-9999 TABLE OF CONTENTS Control Box ............................................................................................................6 Exploded Views ......................................................................................................2 Guidelines for Specifying the Correct Kits for the Meritor Tire Infl ation System ......4 Hoses .....................................................................................................................8 Hubcaps ................................................................................................................11 Lights ....................................................................................................................6 Press Plug Kits ......................................................................................................9 Retrofi t Kit .............................................................................................................3 Through-Tees and Stators ......................................................................................8 Tools ......................................................................................................................10 Numerical Parts Listing .........................................................................................12 CONTROL BOX ASSEMBLY DUAL WHEEL END ASSEMBLY 2 U.S. 888-725-9355 Canada 800-387-3889 MERITOR TIRE INFLATION SYSTEM RETROFIT KIT Qty. Per Qty. Per Tandem Tandem -
Adaptive Brake by Wire from Human Factors to Adaptive Implementation
UNIVERSITY OF TRENTO Doctoral School in Engineering Of Civil And Mechanical Structural Systems Adaptive Brake By Wire From Human Factors to Adaptive Implementation Thesis Tutor Doctoral Candidate Prof. Mauro Da Lio Andrea Spadoni Mechanical and Mechatronic Systems December 2013 - XXV Cycle 1 Adaptive Brake By Wire From Human Factors to Adaptive Implementation 2 Adaptive Brake By Wire From Human Factors to Adaptive Implementation Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................................. 3 LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................... 6 LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................... 8 GENERAL OVERVIEW .............................................................................................................. 9 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 12 1. BRAKING PROCESS FROM THE HUMAN FACTORS POINT OF VIEW .................................... 15 1.1. THE BRAKING PROCESS AND THE USER -RELATED ASPECTS ......................................................................... 15 1.2. BRAKE ACTUATOR AS USER INTERFACE ................................................................................................. 16 1.3. BRAKE FORCE ACTUATION : GENERAL MOVEMENT -FORCE DESCRIPTION ...................................................... -
1976 Technical Documentation Locomotive Truck Hunting M.Pdf
TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION LOCOMOTIVE TRUCK HUNTING MODEL V. K. Garg OHO G. C. Martin P. W. Hartmann J. G. Tolomei mnnnn irnational Government-Industry 04 - Locomotives ch Program on Track Train Dynamics R-219 TE C H N IC A L DOCUMENTATION rnn nnn LOCOMOTIVE TRUCK HUNTING MODEL V. K. Garg G. C. Martin P. W. Hartmann a a J. G. Tolomei dD 11 TT|[inr i3^1 i i H§ic§ An International Government-Industry Research Program on Track Train Dynamics Chairman L. A. Peterson J. L. Cann Director Vice President Office of Rail Safety Research Steering Operation and Maintenance Federal Railroad Administration Canadian National Railways G. E. Reed Vice Chairman Director Committee W. J. Harris, Jr. Railroad Sales Vice President AMCAR Division Research and Test Department ACF Industries Association of American Railroads D. V. Sartore or the E. F. Lind Chief Engineer Design Project Director-Phase I Burlington Northern, Inc. Track Train Dynamics Southern Pacific Transportation Co. P. S. Settle Tack Tain President M. D. Armstrong Railway Maintenance Corporation Chairman Transportation Development Agency W. W. Simpson Dynamics Canadian Ministry of Transport Vice President Engineering W. S. Autrey Southern Railway System Chief Engineer Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Co. W. S. Smith Vice President and M. W. Beilis Director of Transportation Manager General Mills, Inc. Locomotive Engineering General Electric Company J. B. Stauffer Director M. Ephraim Transportation Test Center Chief Engineer Federal Railroad Administration Electro Motive Division General Motors Corporation R. D. Spence (Chairman) J. G. German President Vice President ConRail Engineering Missouri Pacific Co. L. S. Crane (Chairman) President and Chief W. -
Advances in Truck and Bus Safety
EVALUATING THE NEED FOR CHANGING CURRENT REQUIREMENTS TOWARDS INCREASING THE AMOUNT OF LIGHTING DEVICES EQUIPPING SEMI TRAILERS Krzysztof Olejnik Motor Transport Institute Poland Paper No. 07 – 0135 the driven truck in relation to the unilluminated ABSTRACT objects. The similar situation takes place when The report has pointed out the need to manoeuvres are carried out in none lit up place and provide the truck driver with a semi trailer, the there are unilluminated objects either side of the ability to see the contour of the semi trailer and road vehicle. illumination in the insufficient lighting conditions. The need for equipping the vehicle with additional THE ESTIMATION OF THE SITUATION AND contour light and lamps illuminating the section of CHANGES PROPOSED. the road overrun by the semi trailer wheels has been assessed. The driver of the vehicle or group of vehicles should This is particularly important during have the possibility to observe the surroundings of manoeuvring with such truck – semi trailer unit at the vehicle together with the elements of the night to ensure safety, as the semi trailer has a contour of this vehicle – see Figure 1 [1,2]. The different tracking circle than the towing truck. drawing presented below shows these areas around Current regulations are too (categorical) restrictive the vehicle. and limiting possibility of introducing additional The driver should have the ability to observe them lights. The proposal for technically solving this during driving, both during a day and at night. It problem as well as amending the regulations, has should be possible under the street lighting and been presented. -
Development of a Leaf Spring U-Bolt Load Transducer: Part of an Onboard Weighing System for Off-Highway Log Trucks
DEVELOPMENT OF A LEAF SPRING U-BOLT LOAD TRANSDUCER: PART OF AN ONBOARD WEIGHING SYSTEM FOR OFF-HIGHWAY LOG TRUCKS by MITHUN KARUNAKAR SHETTY B.E., The University of Mumbai, 2002 A THESIS SUMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF APPLIED SCIENCE in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Forestry) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA May 2006 © Mithun Karunakar Shetty, 2006 ABSTRACT This thesis was motivated by the current concern of brake failure in off-highway log trucks descending steep grades. In order to utilise a guideline being developed for the prediction of safe maximum grades for descent under a range of truck payloads, it is necessary to measure axle weights during loading. A background review found that there are no commercially available on-board weighing systems that can be retrofitted to the drive axles of an off-highway tractor. Therefore, an investigation into the development of an on-board weighing system for the off-highway log trucks was initiated. This research was divided into two stages: preliminary strain measurement with a loaded off-highway tractor, and finite element modelling of a U-bolt from the tractor's leaf spring suspension. A preliminary measurement test was carried out to identify potential suspension components that could act as load transducers for measuring axle weight. The preliminary results showed that incremental strain at two locations on the U-bolt varied linearly with payload, for an incremental load of 22.5 kN. Finite element modelling of the U-bolt was carried out to predict the maximum incremental strain occurring on the U-bolt surface. -
Q1. How Does the Toe Angle of the Tires Affect the Acceleration of a Vehicle?
Q1. How does the toe angle of the tires affect the acceleration of a vehicle? Ans:- The toe angle identifies the exact direction the tires are pointed compared to the centerline of the vehicle when viewed from directly above. Toe can also be used to alter a vehicle's handling traits. Increased toe-in will typically result in reduced oversteer, help steady the car and enhance high-speed stability. Increased toe-out will typically result in reduced understeer, helping free up the car, especially during initial turn-in while entering a corner. Q2.What is caster angle? What are the reasons behind giving a positive caster angle to the vehicle? Ans:- Castor angle is the angular displacement of the steering axis from the vertical axis of a steered wheel in a car, motorcycle, bicycle, other vehicle or a vessel, measured in the longitudinal direction. The purpose of this is to provide a degree of self-centering for the steering — the wheel casters around in order to trail behind the axis of steering. This makes a vehicle easier to control and improves its directional stability (reducing its tendency to wander). Positive caster increases negative camber when the wheels are turned due to the geometry of the suspension components. This is good for cornering as it maximizes the area of tire that is in contact with the ground on the outside front wheel, which is under the most load during the turn Q3. What is the reason behind brake-fade? Ans:- Brake fade is caused by a buildup of heat in the braking surfaces and the subsequent changes and reactions in the brake system components and can be experienced with both drum brakes and disc brakes. -
Meritor Drivetrain Plus Product Identification Guide
Brought to you by Pro Gear & Transmission. For parts or service call: 877-776-4600 407-872-1901 www.globaldifferentialsupply.com 906 W. Gore St. Orlando, FL 32805 [email protected] sect1.fm Page -3 Thursday, July 29, 2004 11:39 AM ~MERITOR® an ArvinMeritor brand Publication TP-03167 DriveTrain PlusTM by ArvinMeritor Product Identification Guide Issued 03-04 partsID.book Page -2 Tuesday, March 2, 2004 2:57 PM Overview This publication provides identification information for Meritor, Meritor WABCO and Gabriel products. Product pictures and drawings, identification tag locations and model nomenclatures are provided. How to Obtain Maintenance and Service Information On the Web Visit the DriveTrain PlusTM by ArvinMeritor Tech Library at drivetrainplus.com to easily access product and service information. The Library also offers an interactive and printable Literature Order Form. ArvinMeritor’s Customer Service Center Call ArvinMeritor’s Customer Service Center at 800-535-5560. Technical Electronic Library on CD The DriveTrain PlusTM by ArvinMeritor Technical Electronic Library on CD contains product and service information for most Meritor and Meritor WABCO products. The cost is $20. Specify TP-9853. Information contained in this publication was in effect at the time the publication was approved for printing and is subject to change without notice or liability. Meritor Heavy Vehicle Systems, LLC, reserves the right to revise the information presented or to discontinue the production of parts described at any time. -2 Meritor TP-03167 partsID.book