Chapter 2 – the English Colonies
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Thomas Prince, the Puritan Past, and New England's Future, 1660-1736
W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 2011 The Wondrous Chain of Providence: Thomas Prince, the Puritan Past, and New England's Future, 1660-1736 Thomas Joseph Gillan College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Gillan, Thomas Joseph, "The Wondrous Chain of Providence: Thomas Prince, the Puritan Past, and New England's Future, 1660-1736" (2011). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539626655. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-rkeb-ec16 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Wondrous Chain of Providence: Thomas Prince, the Puritan Past, and New England’s Future, 1660-1736 Thomas Joseph Gillan Winter Springs, Florida Bachelor of Arts, University of Central Florida, 2008 A Thesis presented to the Graduate Faculty of the College of William and Mary in Candidacy for the Degree of Master of Arts Lyon G. Tyler Department of History The College of William and Mary May 2011 APPROVAL PAGE This Thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Thomas Joseph GillaiT"'J Approved by the Com^^ ^ ^ March, 2011 Committee Chair Associate Professor Chandos M. Brown, History The College of WrNiam and Mary Professor Ifhristopher Grasso, History The College of William and Mary Assistant Professor Nicholas S. -
The Maryland Disease: Popish Plots and Imperial Politics in the Seventeeth
The Maryland Disease: Popish Plots and Imperial Politics in the Seventeeth Century Courtesy Collection of the of Maryland State Archives By Owen Stanwood The Occasional Papers of The Center for the Study of Democracy Volume 4, Number 1, Fall 2011 The Center for the Study of Democracy: A Better Understanding of Maryland and the World Although we often focus on contemporary issues associated with democracy and liberty, the Center for the Study of Democracy was originally inspired by the historical importance of St. Mary’s City and the discussion of innovative 17th-century ideas about politics that helped establish effective civil government in the Maryland colony. This occasional paper brings us back to our 17th-century roots. Among the most important principles of civil government instituted at St. Mary’s City is ‘freedom of conscience’—a principle that remains in practice today and one that continues to act as the bedrock for many other core democratic values in the United States. This principle not only provides support for democratic liberties concerning freedom of speech and freedom of the press, but also directly supports the legal notion of separation of church and state. In the early years of Maryland’s founding, colonists, through the Assembly of Maryland, officially separated religion from civil government by passing An Act Concerning Religion. This act, as Judge Thomas Penfield Jackson points out “…represented the first time in the English-speaking world that government formally renounced by legislative enactment the right to dictate to its citizens what they must believe or how they must evince it.” It allowed settlers of different Christian faiths to vote and hold public office without a religious test and it remains a foundational civil liberty in the United States today; citizens of all faiths are entitled to freely participate in our democracy, irrespective of religious beliefs. -
RIVERS, ENERGY, and the REMAKING of COLONIAL NEW ENGLAND by ZACHARY M
FLOWING POWER: RIVERS, ENERGY, AND THE REMAKING OF COLONIAL NEW ENGLAND By ZACHARY M. BENNETT A dissertation submitted to the School of Graduate Studies Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in History Written under the direction of James Delbourgo And approved by New Brunswick, New Jersey May, 2019 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Flowing Power: Rivers, Energy, and the Remaking of Colonial New England by Zachary M. Bennett Dissertation Director: James Delbourgo This dissertation considers how river energy was a source of authority in colonial New England. The caloric, kinetic, and mechanical energy people derived from rivers was necessary for survival in New England’s forbidding environment. During the initial stages of colonization, both Europeans and Indians struggled to secure strategic positions on waterways because they were the only routes capable of accommodating trade from the coast to the interior. European and Native peoples came into conflict by the late seventeenth century as they overextended the resource base. Exerting dominion in the ensuing wars on New England’s frontiers was directly tied to securing strategic river spaces since the masters of these places determined the flow of communication and food for the surrounding territory. Following British military conquest, colonists aggressively dammed rivers to satisfy the energy demands of their growing population. These dams eviscerated fish runs, shunting access to waterpower away from Native Americans and yeoman farmers. The transformation of New England’s hydrology was a critical factor in the dispossession indigenous peoples before the Revolution and essential in laying the legal groundwork for the region’s industrial future. -
Plymouth Colony
Name: ____________________________________________ Date: _______________________ Plymouth Colony Overview: Plymouth Colony was an English colony from 1620-1691. It is also known as New Plymouth or Plymouth Bay Colony. It was one of the earliest successful colonies in North America and took part in the first Thanksgiving in 1621. Origins of Colonists: The original group of settlers were known as separatists because they had gone against the King of England and the Anglican Church. The group was under religious persecution to leave England. In 1619 they obtained a land patent from the London Virginia Company to let them settle a colony in North America. In 1620 the colonists left for America on the ships Mayflower and Speedwell. Leaving: The two ships left South Hampton England on August 15th, 1620. The Mayflower had 90 passengers and the Speedwell had 30 passengers. The Speedwell had immediate problems and had to go back. The Mayflower returned and it finally left for America with 102 passengers on September 16th, 1620. Voyage: The voyage from England to America at these times would typically take 2 months. In the first month the Mayflower had smooth sailing. In the second month they were hit by a strong winter storm which killed two of the passengers. Arrival: The Mayflower first arrived at Provincetown Harbor on November 11th, 1620. The following day Susanna White gave birth to Peregrine White who was the first child born to a pilgrim in the New World. While exploring the area they ran into a Native American tribe and went looking for another area. The ship soon came across an area they agreed to settle. -
Property, Identity and Place in Seventeenth-Century New England
Property, Identity and Place in Seventeenth-Century New England A thesis submitted to the School of History of the University of East Anglia in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Elizabeth Jean Southard 26 July 2013 © This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that no quotation from the thesis, nor any information derived therefrom, may be published without the author’s prior, written consent. Abstract This thesis presents a study of the construction and defence of English settler-colonies in New England during the seventeenth century, focusing upon the relationship between ordinary people and their environment. This work initially examines the pre- exploration reports and the first few decades of settlement and how commodification and naming practices helped in translating the landscape into a familiar, useful and, most importantly, English place. This continues in Chapter Two with a study of the distribution and construction of towns, boundaries and familiar patterns of agricultural usage. This patterning reveals how early settlers perceived their world, and how they secured traditional English customs and patterns onto this uncultivated landscape. The final two chapters will examine challenges to this system, from within New England and across the Atlantic. Chapter Three focuses on the challenge of native land rights, which threatened to undermine the initial basis of conquest and discovery as claims to the land. However, this was overcome due the flexibility of narratives of ownership and possession and the addition of native land rights to English property regimes. -
New England Colonies in the Seventeenth Century
AP U.S. History: Unit 2.2 Student Edition New England Colonies in the Seventeenth Century I. Protestant Reformation and the eventual rise of Puritanism Use Space Below for Notes A. 1517, Martin Luther began his break from the Catholic church; signaled the birth of Protestantism 1. Luther declared the Bible alone was the source of God's word. 2. Faith alone would determine salvation; he denounced the authority of the pope. 3. The Reformation came to dominate European politics well into the next century. B. John Calvin elaborated on Luther's ideas and founded Calvinism in his Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536) 1. God was all powerful and all-good. 2. Humans, due to original sin, were weak and wicked. 3. Predestination a. God was all-knowing and knew beforehand who was going to heaven or hell. The "elect" were chosen by God to have eternal salvation. b. "Good works" (such as following the sacraments of the Catholic Church) did not determine salvation. c. However, one could not act immoral since no one knew their status before God. d. A conversion experience (an intense identifiable personal experience with God) was seen to be a sign from God that one had been chosen. "Visible saints": After conversion, people expected to lead "sanctified" lives as a model for the community. C. Church of England and the Puritans 1. King Henry VIII broke ties with Roman Catholic church in the 1530's and became head of the newly formed Church of England or Anglican Church. 2. Puritans were Protestants seeking to reform the Anglican Church by removing its Catholic elements and excluding people who were not committed. -
Chapter Preview
HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-I Dr. Hemanta Kumar Mohapatra M.A., Ph.D Retd. Associate Professor of History Odisha Education Service ISO 9001:2008 CERTIFIED © Author No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording and/or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author and the publisher. First Edition : 2018 Published by : Mrs. Meena Pandey for Himalaya Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., “Ramdoot”, Dr. Bhalerao Marg, Girgaon, Mumbai - 400 004. Phone: 022-23860170, 23863863; Fax: 022-23877178 E-mail: [email protected]; Website: www.himpub.com Branch Offices : New Delhi : “Pooja Apartments”, 4-B, Murari Lal Street, Ansari Road, Darya Ganj, New Delhi - 110 002. Phone: 011-23270392, 23278631; Fax: 011-23256286 Nagpur : Kundanlal Chandak Industrial Estate, Ghat Road, Nagpur - 440 018. Phone: 0712-2738731, 3296733; Telefax: 0712-2721216 Bengaluru : Plot No. 91-33, 2nd Main Road, Seshadripuram, Behind Nataraja Theatre, Bengaluru - 560 020. Phone: 080-41138821; Mobile: 09379847017, 09379847005 Hyderabad : No. 3-4-184, Lingampally, Besides Raghavendra Swamy Matham, Kachiguda, Hyderabad - 500 027. Phone: 040-27560041, 27550139 Chennai : New No. 48/2, Old No. 28/2, Ground Floor, Sarangapani Street, T. Nagar, Chennai - 600 012. Mobile: 09380460419 Pune : “Laksha” Apartment, First Floor, No. 527, Mehunpura, Shaniwarpeth (Near Prabhat Theatre), Pune - 411 030. Phone: 020-24496323, 24496333; Mobile: 09370579333 Lucknow : House No. 731, Shekhupura Colony, Near B.D. Convent School, Aliganj, Lucknow - 226 022. Phone: 0522-4012353; Mobile: 09307501549 Ahmedabad : 114, “SHAIL”, 1st Floor, Opp. Madhu Sudan House, C.G. -
THE PLYMOUTH COLONY PATENT: Setting the Stage by Peggy M
THE PLYMOUTH COLONY PATENT: setting the stage by Peggy M. Baker, Director & Librarian Pilgrim Society & Pilgrim Hall Museum 2007 The legal arrangements under which the Pilgrims journeyed to America and established their colony, and which, ultimately, resulted in the colony’s demise in 1692 are among the most confusing aspects of the Plymouth experience. The “correct” way to proceed, as outlined in the surviving documents (and many documents do not survive), did not always reflect how affairs were actually conducted. And the entire system of establishing and governing colonies was so new and experimental that rules were often changed to meet new circumstances (and information on how and why these changes occurred is generally incomplete). As a result, scholars frequently disagree about what actually did happen! What follows is, therefore, not a definitive answer but the scenario that seems most likely. First, let’s set the stage. In the 16th century, Europe expanded its boundaries as voyages of exploration brought increased geographical knowledge and an interest in faraway lands. At the same time, an increase in personal wealth and the development of capitalism led to the rise of both a very wealthy landed aristocracy and a rich merchant class possessing money (and, therefore, political clout) and the ambition to make even more money. The marriage of these factors resulted in new “financial opportunities” - schemes by which adventuresome aristocrats and rich merchants would make a profit on their money by investing in colonies. Making money in colonies required a lot of money to begin with, more than even the richest aristocrats or merchants had. -
Exploring the Bounds of Liberty
Exploring the Bounds of Liberty Exploring the Bounds of LIBERTY Political Writings of Colonial British America from the Glorious Revolution to the American Revolution 2 volume i Edited and with an Introduction by Jack P. Greene and Craig B. Yirush Latin Translations by Kathleen Alvis liberty fund This book is published by Liberty Fund, Inc., a foundation established to encourage study of the ideal of a society of free and responsible individuals. The cuneiform inscription that serves as our logo and as the design motif for our endpapers is the earliest-known written appearance of the word “freedom” (amagi), or “liberty.” It is taken from a clay document written about 2300 b.c. in the Sumerian city-state of Lagash. C ompilation, introduction, translations, editorial matter, and index © 2018 by Liberty Fund, Inc. Front: “Vintage engraving of Boston Harbour showing the Dartmouth, which was one of the ships boarded during the Boston Tea Party, a political protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston, a city in the British colony of Massachusetts, against the tax policy of the British government and the East India Company, which controlled all the tea imported into the colonies.” Used by permission © iStock.com/duncan 1890. Spine: Library of Congress, dated 1758: “A general map of the middle British colonies in America: Viz. Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, Pensilvania, New-Jersey, New-York, Connecticut, and Rhode-Island: Of Aquanishuonigy the country of the Confederate Indians comprehending Aquanishuonigy proper, their places of residence, Ohio and Tuchsochruntie their deer hunting countries, Couchsachrage and Skaniadarade, their beaver hunting countries, of the Lakes Erie, Ontario, and Champlain, . -
Anti-Catholicism and Colonial New England" (2015)
John Carroll University Carroll Collected Masters Essays Theses, Essays, and Senior Honors Projects Spring 2015 NEW ENGLAND’S GOD: ANTI- CATHOLICISM AND COLONIAL NEW ENGLAND Matthew .J Nowak John Carroll University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://collected.jcu.edu/mastersessays Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Nowak, Matthew J., "NEW ENGLAND’S GOD: ANTI-CATHOLICISM AND COLONIAL NEW ENGLAND" (2015). Masters Essays. 17. http://collected.jcu.edu/mastersessays/17 This Essay is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Essays, and Senior Honors Projects at Carroll Collected. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Essays by an authorized administrator of Carroll Collected. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NEW ENGLAND’S GOD: ANTI-CATHOLICISM AND COLONIAL NEW ENGLAND An Essay Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies College of Arts & Sciences of John Carroll University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts By Matthew J. Nowak 2015 Introduction The Puritans left England because of Roman Catholicism. Either because of perceived threats by Catholics or Pseudo-Catholics or their detestation of the continued presence of Catholic influence in church, government, and society, Puritans believed there existed a better way of life outside the sway of Catholicism. The people who left England during the seventeenth century and founded the colonies of New England – Massachusetts, Connecticut, Plymouth, Rhode Island, and New Haven – did so in the spirit of religion and reform. Born from the turmoil of religious persecution and political experimentalism, New England Puritanism – which is the primary focus of this discussion – created a unique overarching society that focused on godliness, Biblical law, substantive justice, participation, and cohesion. -
How Americans Invented Modern Money, 1607-1692
How Americans Invented Modern Money, 1607-1692 Dror Goldberg Department of Economics, Bar Ilan University, Israel Department of Economics, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, New York University (visiting, Spring 2012) April 2012 Abstract English America experienced the fastest monetary evolution in history. Within less than a century, simple commodity money was followed by sophisticated commodity money, coins, banknotes, and an original invention of fiat money – which spread from there to the rest of the world. I attribute this evolution to English regulation. Regulation of religion in England and regulation of colonial currency, land, trade, piracy, and polity, inadvertently propelled the evolution of money in America and especially in Massachusetts through various channels, including the English revolutions and civil wars that turned colonial regulation on and off. 1 Note: This is a preliminary and incomplete sketch of a monograph I am writing under an advance contract with The University of Chicago Press for its new series “Markets and Governments in Economic History.” Much of this document is a 1:10 scale model of the book. Only the most general sources are listed in the end. Please do not cite without permission. Comments are welcomed at [email protected]. For we must consider that we shall be a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us. - John Winthrop, Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Company, 1630 In this extremity they presently found out an expedient, which may serve as an example, for any people in other parts of the world, whose distresses may call for a sudden supply of money to carry them through any important expedition. -
Brinkley, Chapters 2-3 Notes 1
Brinkley, Chapters 2-3 Notes The Founding of Jamestown Brinkley Chapters 2-3 Notes 3 ships set sail for Virginia in 1607. They reached the American coast in the spring of 1607, sailed into Chesapeake Bay and up a river they named the James Chapter 2: The colony was swampy and Transplantations & bordered the land of local Powhatan Indians. Borderlands Early colonists were susceptible to malaria. Futile energy was spent searching for GOLD rather than building a permanent Chapter 3: settlement. No women were sent. Within one year of landing, only Society and Culture 38 of the 104 settlers survived. in Provincial America Jamestown survived largely as a result of Captain John Smith. Smith united the divided colony, and imposed work and order. He organized raids on Indian villages to steal food and kidnap natives. By the summer of 1609, the colony was showing promise of survival. Exchanges of Agricultural Technology Reorganization and Expansion As Jamestown struggled to survive, the London Company (renamed the Virginia Jamestown's survival was largely a result of Company) obtained a new charter from the king, which increased its power and agricultural technologies developed by the enlarged its territory. In the spring of 1609, the Virginia Company dispatched a fleet Indians and borrowed by the English. of 9 vessels with about 600 people to Virginia. Many who reached Jamestown died from fever before winter. The winter of 1609-1610 became known as the “starving time”. The local Indians killed off the Indians grew beans, pumpkins, and maize. The English livestock in the woods and kept the quickly recognized the value of corn, which was easier to colonists barricaded within their colony.