Muusikaelu Tallinnas 18. Sajandil Lmis

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Muusikaelu Tallinnas 18. Sajandil Lmis EESTI MUUSIKA- JA TEATRIAKADEEMIA VÄITEKIRJAD ESTONIAN ACADEMY OF MUSIC AND THEATRE DISSERTATIONS Sarjas varem ilmunud / Previous publications Kristel Pappel. Ooper Tallinnas 19. sajandil. Eesti Muusikaakadeemia Väitekirjad 1, 2003. Kerri Kotta. Dmitri Šostakovitši tonaalstruktuurist. Eesti Muusikaakadeemia Väitekirjad 2, 2004. Allan Vurma. Voice quality and pitch in singing: some aspects of perception and production / Häälekvaliteet ja helikõrgus laulmisel: mõningad taju ja Heinmaa Heidi moodustusega seotud aspektid. Eesti Muusika- ja Teatriakadeemia Väitekirjad 3, 2007. Kaire Maimets-Volt. Mediating the „idea of One”: Arvo Pärt’s pre-exsisting music in fi lm / Vahendades „Üht(sust)”: Arvo Pärdi valmismuusikast fi lmis. Eesti Muusika- ja Teatriakadeemia Väitekirjad 4, 2009. • Anu Kõlar. Cyrillus Kreek ja Eesti muusikaelu. sajandil 18. Muusikaelu Tallinnas Eesti Muusika- ja Teatriakadeemia Väitekirjad 5, 2010. Marju Raju. Some aspects of singing development, the song creating process and favorite songs of Estonian children / Mõningaid aspekte Eesti laste laulmise arengust, ise laulude loomisest ja lemmiklauludest. Eesti Muusika- ja Teatriakadeemia Väitekirjad 6, 2015. Aare Tool. Piiratud transponeeritavusega heliread ja vorm Eduard Oja muusikas Eesti Muusika- ja Teatriakadeemia Väitekirjad 7, 2016. Heidi Heinmaa Brigitta Davidjants. Armenian national identity construction: from diaspora to music / Armeenia rahvusliku identiteedi konstrueerimine: diasporaast muusikani. Eesti Muusika- ja Teatriakadeemia Väitekirjad 8, 2016. Muusikaelu Tallinnas 18. sajandil Eesti Muusika- ja Teatriakadeemia Väitekirjad 9 Tallinn 2017 Eesti Muusika- ja Teatriakadeemia Heidi Heinmaa Muusikaelu Tallinnas 18. sajandil Väitekiri muusikaajaloos Eesti Muusika- ja Teatriakadeemia Väitekirjad 9 Tallinn 2017 Eesti Muusika- ja Teatriakadeemia Väitekirjad 9 Uurimus on valminud Eesti Teadusfondi grandi nr 9469 „Muusika Eesti linnakultuuris 17.–18. sajandil Põhja-Euroopa kontekstis” raames. Raamatu valmimist on toetanud Euroopa Liit Euroopa Regionaalarengu Fondi kaudu. Kaanel Johann Wilhelm Hässleri noodiväljaande „Clavier- und Singstücke verschiedener Art” (Erfurt, 1782) tiitellehe illustratsioon. Kujundanud ja küljendanud Maite-Margit Kotta Kokkuvõtte tõlkinud Hans-Gunter Lock Eesti Muusika- ja Teatriakadeemia Muusikateaduse osakond Tatari 13, Tallinn 10116 Juhendaja: Toomas Siitan, fi losoofi adoktor, Eesti Muusika- ja Teatriakadeemia professor Oponendid: Maris Kirme, kunstiteaduste kandidaat, Tallinna Ülikooli emeriitdotsent Mari Tarvas, fi losoofi adoktor, Tallinna Ülikooli professor Väitekiri on lubatud kaitsmisele 10. aprillil 2017. aastal. ISSN 1736-0714 ISBN 978-9949-9873-2-0 Trükikoda Aktaprint Muusikaelu Tallinnas 18. sajandil Das Musikleben in Reval im 18. Jahrhundert Abstrakt Käesolev uurimus on pühendatud Tallinna muusikaelule 18. sajandil. Ees- märk on uurida Tallinna kui tolleaegses saksa keele- ja kultuuriruumis Euroopa äärealadel asunud linna muusikaelu läbi selle erinevate tahkude. Peamised küsimused on siinjuures, (1) kuidas mõjutasid Euroopast levinud kodanliku muusikakultuuri uudsed ilmingud nagu muusikaharrastus, era- viisiline muusika- ja tantsuõpetus ning pilli- ja noodikaubanduse elavnemine Tallinna muusikaelu arengut ja (2) kuidas kujunes Tallinnas kodanliku muu- sikaelu üks iseloomulikumaid avaldusvorme – avalik kontserdiinstitutsioon, arvestades Lääne-Euroopa tähtsamate muusikakeskuste kodanliku kontser- dielu kujunemise konteksti. Nende küsimuste käsitlemisel jälgitakse ühtlasi Tallinna muusikaelu alusstruktuuride ehk muusikainstitutsioonide toimimist alates Tallinna liitmisest Venemaa impeeriumi koosseisu 1710. aastal kuni 18. sajandi lõpuni. Ühtlasi uuritakse kutseliste muusikute – kantorite, linnamuu- sikute ja organistide – eluolu ja elulaadi ning püütakse välja selgitada, milline oli muusikuametite prestiiž ja sotsiaalne positsioon ühiskonnas. Uurimistöö aluseks on erilaadsed allikad, millest ühe olulise osa moo- dustavad Tallinna Linnaarhiivis säilinud 18. sajandi Tallinna muusikute, muusikainstitutsioonide ja klubide tegevusega seotud dokumendid. Teiseks oluliseks allikmaterjaliks on Tallinna nädalaleht Revalsche Wöchentliche Nachrichten, mis alates ilmuma hakkamisest 1772. aastal kajastab kodanliku muusikakultuuri argielulisi valdkondi, sealjuures ka kontserdielu. Kolmanda väärtusliku allikate rühma moodustavad kaasaegsete, Tallinnas ja Eestimaal viibinud saksa kirjanike reisikirjad, mälestused jm kirjutised, mis sisaldavad muu hulgas mõningaid tähelepanekuid tallinlaste muusikalise ja teatritege- vuse kohta. Samuti vajalikud allikad on käesolevas uurimistöös olnud 18. sajandil ilmunud noodiväljaanded ning 18. sajandi lõpul ja 19. sajandi algul avaldatud muusikaleksikonid. Tallinna muusikaelu käsitletakse kompleksse struktuurina, lähtudes struk- tuuriajaloolisest vaatenurgast. Muusikaelu erinevate tahkude uurimisel järgi- takse argiajaloolist käsitlusviisi, mis võimaldab vaadelda Tallinna muusikaelu igapäevast praktikat nii professionaalsete muusikute kui ka asjaarmastajate valdkonnas, sealhulgas muusika ja tantsu eraõpetus, pilliturg ja noodikau- bandus, kontserdielu, ning samuti uurida lähemalt muusikute eluolu ja elu- laadi. 3 Sisukord Lühendid ............................................................................................................... 6 Eessõna ................................................................................................................ 7 1. Sissejuhatus ................................................................................................ 9 1.1. Uurimuse eesmärk ja teema senine uurimisseis ..............................................11 1.2. Uurimistöö allikad .......................................................................................15 1.3. Linna muusikaelu uurimise meetodid .............................................................18 2. Kutselised muusikuinstitutsioonid linna muusikaelu alusstruktuuridena ............................................................24 2.1. Tagasivaade Tallinna muusikaelule Rootsi aja lõpul .........................................24 2.2. Muusikuinstitutsioonide areng pärast Põhjasõda ............................................. 29 2.2.1. Kantorid ....................................................................................................30 2.2.2. Organistid ...................................................................................................39 2.2.3. Linnamuusikud ...........................................................................................46 3. Kantorite, organistide ja linnamuusikute eluolust 18. sajandil ....................... 55 3.1. Muusikute sotsiaalsest staatusest linnaühiskonnas ..........................................57 3.2. Muusikute elukohast ja olmest .....................................................................64 3.3. Raamatud ja noodid muusikute erakogudes....................................................70 3.4. Muusikutele kuulunud instrumendid .............................................................. 83 4. Muusikaelu alusstruktuuride muutumine 18. sajandi teisel poolel ..................87 4.1. Muusikaharrastuse levik ...............................................................................87 4.2. Muusika- ja tantsuõpetus .............................................................................91 4.3. Pillimeistrid ja pilliturg ...............................................................................101 4.4. Noodikaubandus ........................................................................................115 4.5. Teatriolud .................................................................................................128 5. Kodanliku kontserdielu kujunemine Tallinnas ..............................................136 5.1. Kodanliku kontserdikultuuri kujunemisest Euroopas .......................................137 5.2. Moodsad kontserdiühingud .........................................................................142 5.3. Tallinna klubid kontsertide korraldajatena .....................................................149 5.3.1. Kodanike klubi ..........................................................................................151 5.3.2. Õhtuselts Mustpeade majas ........................................................................158 5.4. Kontserdid Suurgildi ja Kanuti gildi majas ....................................................162 6. Kokkuvõte ................................................................................................173 4 Zusammenfassung ...............................................................................................181 Allikad ...............................................................................................................192 Kirjandus ............................................................................................................195 Lisad Lisa nr 1. ...........................................................................................................205 Tallinna nädalalehes Revalsche Wöchentliche Nachrichten avaldatud pillimeistrite teadaanded ja pillide müügikuulutused perioodil 1772–1800 Lisa nr 2. ...........................................................................................................222 Tallinna nädalalehes Revalsche Wöchentliche Nachrichten avaldatud nootide müügi- ja ettetellimiskuulutused perioodil 1772–1800 Nimeregister .......................................................................................................256
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