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PLAYED on the GLASS Glass Dishes Struck with Wooden Sticks

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PLAYED on the GLASS Glass Dishes Struck with Wooden Sticks century. The sounds were produced by the PLAYED ON THE GLASS glass dishes struck with wooden sticks. The first references to the glass music in Europe date from the year 1492. The glass cups tuned by the addition of water were played. The first mention about using a set ...then it began to play in the most ghostly of glass instrument in a concert appeared in 1743, when an Irishman Richard tones I have ever heard... Pockridge (1690-1759) constructed a set of glasses called an angel organ. The sound Gottfried Keller was produced by rubbing the glass rims with the wet fingertips or by striking the sides of glasses with the stick. Pockridge became the first virtuoso of the instrument. His performances of the Watermusic by When in the announcement of a concert I would like to say about the harp and the Handel covered the fragile instrument with the name ‘glass harp’ is mentioned, rarely armonica as well. The both instruments glory, first in Dublin, and then in all Great anybody knows what instrument is meant, stories are interlaced, although the glass Britain. Pockridge gave also lessons of the sometimes only the photo explains it. To harp is considered today by many the angel organ. His student was e.g. Ann Ford surprise of many listeners it is not similar to instrument without the future, an invention who published the Instructions for playing the well-known string harp. The name is of the “banquet and circus culture”. The the Musical Glasses in 1761. It was the first substantively deceiving. Its inventor, Bruno terminology of the sources seems to be known method for the glass instruments in Hoffman, certainly never suspected what confusing and the history was full of ups the world. popularity this instrument could bring to and downs, which make it not clear. I hope him. – however – my story could present the The concerts played by myself on the instrument from quite another side. glass harp are the good opportunity to In the 18th century the glass music was introduce the audience to this mysterious omnipresent, today it seems to be rather instrument. I usually talk about its important exceptional. What is the reason of such a place in the music life of the past. change? In the world of glass music, the two instruments are most known: the older one Let’s have a look at the both is a glass harp, called the angel organ in instruments… the past days. Another one, a glass armonica, was constructed by Benjamin Their magic tones are used in the music Franklin. The glass harp was made of glass therapy. The audience of the music halls cups, and the glass armonica of the glass has usually various associations, many of bowls fitted concentrically on a horizontal them surely connected with the previous rod. After its popularity blossom in the 18th name of the glass armonica – the angel century, the armonica was nearly forgotten organ. The sound is generated by the for about 100 years, while the glass harp vibration of the glass, touched with wet (angel organ) was appearing in the time fingertips rubbing in a certain fashion the constantly in the concert halls. Although its rims of glass cups or glass bowls. Not construction was improved, its popularity every cup is suitable for the glass harp; the descended also in the 19th century. dimension as well as thickness and shape of the bowl are of great importance. The subtle sound of the glass instruments and their extraordinary atmosphere make the music seem to be quite unreal. After the performances many Grand harmonicon patented people used to approach the glass harp to by Francis Hopkinson Smith in 1825 examine whether the music they had heard before was not generated from any hidden loudspeaker. The movement of the hand Christoph Willibald Gluck (1714-1787) skimming the surface of glasses is so was also the one who contributed to create subtle, that one could be convinced the a new musical tradition. The audience was glass has not been even touched. It is hard delighted by the magic sounds emitted by to believe that the principle of the glass his verrillion made also of the glass cups harp activity is as simple as of another tuned with water. Gluck composed a piece classical instruments. for 26 cups with the chamber orchestra accompaniment. The performance in the A little bit about the history… Little Haymarket Theatre in London in 1746 won over the audience. As well as For those who for the first time see a set Pockridge, Gluck used the both ways of of playing cups it is an extremely avant- generating sounds: by rubbing and by garde idea to consider it the music medium. striking. Thanks to the Gluck’s musical To their surprise, they find out that the activity, the glass instruments could be Benjamin Franklin playing the glass glass instruments were already known in considered a real music instruments and the Far East in the Middle Ages, in China in armonica came into serious musical use. The Gluck’s the 12th century, and in Persia in 14th performance was reported in the Vicar of Wakefield by Oliver Goldsmith. The society, the amount of the sound possibilities of the by the instrument that he started to use it in painting, taste, Shakespeare and glass instrument. One can suspect that as for the his medical practice healing the mentally playing were considered there in the one expression and articulation the glass harp diseased patients. Those who were the plane. That places the glass cups among remained more refined. The cups are antagonist to the glass harmonica were at the conversation topics in the fashionable vibrated individually by the musician the same time adverse to the Messmer’s world. according to the character of the music method. The opponents to his “devils piece. It is just on the glass harp that practice” contended that the sound playing rippling staccato and the splendid generated by the vibration of the glass was "Of all my inventions, the glass romantic phrase to be heard. The apt to have a deranging effect on the armonica has given me the greatest instrument is not very loud, but its nerves of the player. Lead contained in the personal satisfaction." dynamics can fascinate with the glass caused also health disorders. The expression. The harmonics sounds atmosphere was so strained that in some -Benjamin Franklin brilliantly in the pieces full of rich towns people were forbidden to play the consonances. Among the famous glass harmonica under the pain of composers of music for the original banishment. The controversies around the Playing sewing machine instrument, there were such splendid effect of the glass tone have endured until personalities as Mozart and Beethoven. the present day. Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) was the The virtuosos of this original instrument one who brought the biggest popularity of achieved with their performances certain Heaven – Hell the glass music. His glass armonica won popularity all over the world. The golden hearts of the listeners and placed this age for the glass music came. In America It seems in all probability that the American device in the European canon of Stephen Forrage played the armonica, in mysterious glass instruments will for the music. In the spring of 1761, then on a visit Europe Marianne Davies, Franklin’s relative listeners forever be connected with the two to England, Franklin heard Edmund Deleval and Marianne Kirchgessner won the fame; powers: the angel one and the evil one. play the glass. It made such a big it was just she, the blind remarkable Both cause the devoted admires of glass impression on him and awoke his creativity performer, who fascinated Mozart with her music and fanatic foes as well. On the one that he decided to improve the set of cups playing. Her concert, given in Vienna on hand, the positive effects of Messmer’s and minimize the technical difficulties (e.g. 10th January 1791, inspired Mozart to write therapy and the exultation of the listeners by resigning from the tuning with water). some pieces for the armonica; things are pictured; on the other hand the His work resulted with quite a new maybe not of the great format, but of premature childbirth, trance or even fits of instrument where the glass bowls were extraordinary beauty. madness which seized the virtuosos are graded by size on a horizontal rod, which mentioned. The traces of the duality can be found in the aforementioned drama Ah quelle celeste voix! Cela est “Dziady” by A. Mickiewicz. The main vraiment pour prier! character Konrad played the stars like the glass of the armonica. The metaphor of the Niccolo Paganini instrument could suggest that there are two powers in the glass music fighting against each other: the good and the evil one, just Many poets, writers and philosophers like in the soul of Konrad. expressed their opinion about the special Recently, I came up in the Polish daily sound of the armonica, which caught their “Gazeta Wyborcza” an article on the last imagination. report concerning the uncommon influence It was Goethe, Schiller, Wieland, Hegel. of glass harmonica. It said Beethoven’s Enchanted by the armonica were also: A. death could have been caused by the Pushkin, N. Paganini and A. Mickiewicz playing on the glass, his beloved who mentioned the instrument in his instrument. The lead poisoning was famous drama “Dziady” / “The Forefathers”. diagnosed and in the estimation of the American scientist it could have been The heyday of the armonica lasted until caused by frequent contact of the about 1835.
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