Pengaruh Marxisme Pada Sarekat Islam 1914-1921
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BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Tan Malaka, Bapak Madilog, Adalah Salah Satu Sosok Yang
BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Tan Malaka, Bapak Madilog, adalah salah satu sosok yang “misterius” dalam sejarah Indonesia. Dia merupakan salah satu tokoh founding fathers bangsa Indonesia. Bertahun-tahun bergerilya dan melakukan gerakan bawah tanah dalam perjuangan revolusi melawan penjajah Belanda dan juga Jepang yang telah lama mencengkramkan kuku penjajahannya di bumi Nusantara. Meski banyak yang tidak mengenal sosok Tan Malaka, tokoh ini sebenarnya mempunyai peran penting dalam memperjuangkan kemerdekaan Indonesia. Ia merupakan salah satu dari empat orang, dimana Presiden Soekarno menghendaki untuk melanjutkan tugas kepemimpinan Republik.1 Tan Malaka (1897-1949) dilahirkan di desa Pandan Gadang, tak jauh dari kecamatan Suliki Kabupaten Limopuluh koto, Payakumbuh, Sumatra Barat pada tahun 1897. Beliau dilahirkan dengan nama Ibrahim Bin Rasad. Ibunya bernama Rangkayo 1 Poeze Harry A, Tan Malaka, Gerakan Kiri, Dan Revolusi Indonesia: Agustus 1945-Maret 1946 (Jakarta: Yayasan Obor, 2008).hal 60 1 2 Sinah, putri dari salah satu orang yang disegani didesanya.2 Jika mengingat tempat kelahiran dan situasi sosial bumi Minangkabau ketika beliau tumbuh besar, sudah dapat dipastikan beliau mempelajari Agama Islam dengan cukup baik. Di dalam tradisi Minang pada masa itu, seorang laki-laki belumlah dapat dikatakan sebagai seorang lelaki sepenuhnya jika tidak pandai ber-Silat. Agaknya, dikarenakan situasi sosial yang demikianlah Tan Malaka (1897-1949) kecil belajar ilmu silat yang kemudian menjadi bekal dalam hidupnya untuk sekedar membela diri.3 Tidak sebagaimana RA Kartini, Tan Malaka memperjuangkan kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia dengan maksud membentuk suatu negara Republik yang mandiri dan lepas dari penjajahan. Bahkan ia menulis buku Naar de 'Republiek Indonesia' (Menuju Republik Indonesia) sejak tahun 1924. -
The Communist Party of the Philippines and the Partai Komunis Indonesia
Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 49, No. 2, September 2011 Blood-Brothers: The Communist Party of the Philippines and the Partai Komunis Indonesia Ramon Guillermo* This paper discusses the significant role of the Indonesian Communist movement in the formation of Jose Maria Sison as a leading Filipino Marxist radical and its possible influence on the founding of the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) in 1968. After a study fellowship in Indonesia in 1962, Sison published pioneering translations of Chairil Anwar’s poetry and popularized matters pertaining to Indo- nesia during the Sukarno era through the journal Progressive Review. He also had a memorable and intellectually fruitful friendship with the Indonesian nationalist guerrilla and University of the Philippines graduate student Bakri Ilyas. A small but persistent controversy on the alleged plagiarization by Sison of Indonesian radical sources in the late 1960s and early 1970s will then be addressed through systematic textual analysis. The paper will propose some general theses on authorship, mod- ularity, adaptation, and dissemination of texts and ideas in twentieth-century radical movements. Finally, the article will assess the impact of the 1965–66 massacre in Indonesia on the revolutionary ideas and practice of the CPP. Keywords: Communist Party of the Philippines, Partai Komunis Indonesia, Jose Maria Sison, Dipa Nusantara Aidit, Philippine Society and Revolution, Maphilindo “The thirty-five years history of the CPI is not a tranquil and peaceful one; it is a history which has gone through many turmoils and many dangers, many mistakes, and many sacrifices. But it is also a heroic history, a joyful history, a history with many lessons, a successful history.” — D. -
Tan Malaka (1943)
Koleksi Rowland MADILOG Tan Malaka (1943) 1 DISCLAIMER MADILOG Oleh Tan Malaka adalah publikasi KOLEKSI ROWLAND. E-book pdf ini adalah bebas dan tanpa biaya apapun. Siapapun yang menggunakan file ini, untuk tujuan apapun dan karenanya menjadi pertanggungan jawabnya sendiri. Pihak institusi, editor, atau individu yang terkait dengan ECONARCH Institute tidak dalam kapasitas sebagai pihak yang bertanggung jawab atas isi dokumen atau file perihal transimisi elektronik dalam hal apapun. MADILOG Oleh Tan Malaka, KOLEKSI ROWLAND, Electronic Classics Series, Editor, Indonesia adalah file PDF yang diproduksi sebagai bagian proyek publikasi belajar untuk memberikan literatur klasik bebas dan mudah diakses bagi mereka yang bermaksud mendayagunakannya. 2 MADILOG Tan Malaka (1943) DAFTAR ISI SEJARAH MADILOG PENDAHULUAN I. LOGIKA MISTIKA II. FILSAFAT III. ILMU PENGETAHUAN - SCIENCE IV. SCIENCE (SAMBUNGAN) V. DIALEKTIKA VI. LOGIKA VII. PENINJAUAN DENGAN MADILOG 3 SEJARAH MADILOG Ditulis di Rawajati dekat pabrik sepatu Kalibata Cililitan Jakarta. Disini saya berdiam dari 15 juli 1942 sampai dengan pertengahan tahun 1943, mempelajari keadaan kota dan kampung Indonesia yang lebih dari 20 tahun ditinggalkan. Waktu yang dipakai buat menulis Madilog, ialah lebih kurang 8 bulan dari 15 juli 1942 sampai dengan 30 maret 1943 (berhenti 15 hari), 720 jam, ialah kira-kira 3 jam sehari. Buku yang lain ialah Gabungan Aslinya sudah pula setengah di tulis. Tetapi terpaksa ditunda. Sebab yang pertama karena kehabisan uang. Kedua sebab sang Polisi, Yuansa namanya diwaktu itu, sudah 2 kali datang memeriksa dan menggeledah rumah lebih tepat lagi “pondok’’ tempat saya tinggal. Lantaran huruf madilog dan Gabungan Aslia terlampau kecil dan ditaruh di tempat yang tiada mengambil perhatian sama sekali, maka terlindung ia dari mata polisi. -
Perlawanan Ulama Minangkabau Terhadap Kebijakan Kolonial Di Bidang Pendidikan Awal Abad Xx
PERLAWANAN ULAMA MINANGKABAU TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN KOLONIAL DI BIDANG PENDIDIKAN AWAL ABAD XX Erman (Dosen Fakultas Adab IAIN Imam Bonjol. Email: [email protected]) Abstract The resistance of Minangkabau’s scholars against colonial policy of education in the early of 20th century started from a scientific study has revealed that the pre-conditions that led to the birth of the movement is the penetration of the colonial government against the people in this area and plan the implementation of policies in the field of education, namely Ordinance 1928 and teachers’ Ordinance in 1932. This historical experience was seen by scholars Minangkabau might impede the freedom and the rights to broadcast the Islamic religion. Various reactions appeared and Islamic ideology seems to be the main driving to oppose colonial rule related teachers’ ordinancy and illegal schools. The spirit of nationalism that was born at the beginning of the 20th century were also encouraged scholars to take the fight against the colonial policy. In line with this goal, the scholars utilizing the network that has been built on Islamic educational institutions in the past to build a resource (strength) and then to form a committee as institutional resistance. Resistance itself they did in the form of protests by the general meeting of Minangkabau’s scholars and then proceed with the delivery of vote of no confidence to the colonial government. The resistance impacted the emerging alliance of young and old scholars, the birth of a radical political party in Minangkabau and the pressure of the colonial government Key Words: Resistance, Minangkabau’s Ulema, Colonial, Education PENDAHULUAN oleh Audrey Kahin sebagai refleksi munculnya pergerakan nasionalisme dan anti-kolonial Pada permulaan abad ke-20, Minangkabau pertama di Minangkabau. -
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72 BAB IV JALAN BERFIKIR H. M. MISBACH DALAM MENERIMA KOMUNISME Bagaimana H. M. Misbach dapat menerima Komunisme sedang ia sendiri adalah seorang yang memegang kuat Islam? Ini merupakan pertanyaan yang penting dalam mengkaji pemikiran H. M. Misbach tentang relevansi Komunisme dan Islam. Secara umum, untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut maka kita perlu mengetahui bagaimana pergumulan nilai-nilai Islam dalam diri H. M. Misbach ketika berinteraksi dengan ajaran Komunisme dalam ruang lingkup sosial-politik yang dihadapi. Pergumulan itu akan melahirkan makna-makna tersendiri dalam diri H. M. Misbach sehingga mendorongnya mengatakan bahwa Komunisme itu relevan dengan Islam. Untuk melihat pergumulan tersebut, teori interaksionisme simbolik akan dapat membantu melihat jalan berfikir H. M. Misbach dalam menerima Komunisme. Dalam teori interaksionisme simbolik disebutkan bahwa individu akan merespon lingkungan baik obyek fisik (benda) maupun obyek sosial (perilaku manusia) berdasarkan media-media yang ada. Dengan demikian akan terbentuk makna atas respon tersebut, dan tentu makna yang diinterpretasikan oleh individu itu dapat 100 berubah sejalan perubahan situasi yang terjadi selama interaksi terjadi. Jika ini digunakan untuk melihat H. M. Misbach, maka sebenarnya H. M. Misbach mencoba merespon keadaan umat Islam dan masyarakat tertindas di Hindia Belanda secara umum, dan secara khusus di sekitar wilayah Kasunanan Kartasura saat itu. H. M. 100 Alex Sobur, Semiotika Komunikasi(Bandung: Rosda Karya, 2004), 199. digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id 73 Misbach juga merespon obyek-obyek sosial lain seperti keberadaan SI Tjokroaminoto dan teman-temannya di SI, keberadaan Muhammadiyah, keberadaan golongan- golongan radikal sebelum adanya ISDV/PKI seperti Mas Marco Kartodikromo dengan Indlandsche Journalisten Bond (IJB), dr. -
The Discourse of Muslim Intellectuals
THE DISCOURSE OF MUSLIM INTELLECTUALS AND `ULAMA’> IN INDONESIA A Historical Overview Khoirun Niam IAIN Sunan Ampel, Surabaya - Indonesia Abstract: Muslim intellectuals and `ulama’> are two notions necessary for attempts to get deep understanding of particularly Indonesian Muslim scholars. This paper analyses the discourse of Muslim intellectuals and `ulama’> in Indonesia before the independence period. The focus is on the practices and vectors which paved the way for the Muslim intellectuals and `ulama’> to come to the forefront in socio-political and cultural arena of Indonesia. The paper argues that the emergence of Indonesian intellectuals was not only influenced by Muslim organisations but also by Study Clubs. It further argues that irrespective of the diverse identification of Muslims intellectuals, those with secular educational background dominated the public spehere of Indonesia in the pre-independence period than those trained in pesantren or traditional Islamic education. This codition was a result of the nexus of the colonial contribution through so-called ethical policy, the rise of socio-political and cultural association, and the emergence of study club, which gave rise to Muslim intellectuals with secular educational background. Keywords: Muslim intellectuals, `ulama’> , Study Club, Ethical Policy. Introduction Research on ‘ulamā’ and Muslim intellectuals dates back to colonial times and is still of interest to scholars taking different approaches and extents. At the end of the nineteenth century, Christian Snouck Journal of Indonesian Islam; ISSN1978-6301 Published by the Institute for the Study of Religion and Society (LSAS) and the Postgraduate Program (PPs), the State Institute for Islamic Studies (IAIN) Sunan Ampel Surabaya - Indonesia Khoirun Niam Hurgronje1 did research on Indonesian pilgrims in Mecca, whom he referred to as jawah ‘ulamā’. -
Sumatra Thawalib Padang Panjang Dan Masuknya Paham Komunis Pada Tahun 1923
ISSN 1411-1764 e-ISSN 2722-3515 Vol. 3 No. 1 Tahun 2021 Sumatra Thawalib Padang Panjang dan Masuknya Paham Komunis Pada Tahun 1923 Syaiful Hanafi1(*), Etmi Hardi2 1,2Pendidikan Sejarah, FIS Universitas Negeri Padang *[email protected] Abstrak Sumatra Thawalib Padang Panjang and the entry of communist ideology in 1923. The purpose of this study was to describe how Sumatra Thawalib Padang Panjang as a modern Islamic school got into communist ideology. This research is a qualitative descriptive study using historical research methods. The initial steps of this research are heuristics, source criticism, analysis, interpretation and historiography. The results of this research are Sumatra Thawalib, which is a modern Islamic school and also a center for reform of Islamic education. It has created alumni and students who are not only studying religion but also other sciences such as social and natural sciences. In 1922, Sumatran student Thawalib Padang Panjang began to show interest in political movements. And in early 1923 Haji Datuk Batuah who was a young teacher there brought a new understanding to Sumatra Thawalib, namely communism. Although it took less than a year to spread the communist ideology, its impact was already felt inside and outside Sumatra Thawalib itself. Keywords: Sumatra Thawalib Padang Panjang, communist Abstrak Sumatra Thawalib Padang Panjang Dan Masuknya Paham Komunis Pada Tahun 1923. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan bagaiamana Sumatra Thawalib Padang Panjang sebagai sekolah modern Islam dapat kemasukan paham komunis. Penelitian ini termasuk deskriftif kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah. Langkah awal penelitian ini yaitu heuristic, kritik sumber, analisis, interpretasi dan historiografi. -
Pemikiran Tan Malaka Tentang Islam Dalam Buku Madilog
PEMIKIRAN TAN MALAKA TENTANG ISLAM DALAM BUKU MADILOG TESIS Diajukan Kepada Program Studi Magister Pemikiran Islam Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Surakarta Untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat Guna Memperoleh Gelar Magister dalam Pemikiran Islam (Magister Pemikiran Islam) Oleh: MUHAMMAD EDO SUKMA WARDHANA NIM : O 000 090 062 PROGRAM STUDI MAGISTER PEMIKIRAN ISLAM SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA 2014 ii iii HALAMAN PENGESAHAN iv PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN Dengan ini saya: Nama : Muhammad Edo Sukma Wardhana NIM : O 000 090 062 Jenjang : Magister (S2) Program : Magister Pemikiran Islam Judul : PEMIKIRAN TAN MALAKA TENTANG ISLAM DALAM MADILOG. Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa tesis ini secara keseluruhan adalah hasil penelitian/karya saya sendiri, kecuali pada bagian kutipan-kutipan dan ringkasan- ringkasan yang telah saya jelaskan rujukannya dan sumbernya. Dan apabila dikemudian hari terbukti tesis ini jiplakan, gelar yang diberikan oleh Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta batal saya terima. Surakarta, Maret 2014 Yang menyatakan, Muhammad Edo Sukma Wardhana v MOTTO !$tΒ tβρ߉Î7≈tã óΟçFΡr& Iωuρ ∩⊄∪ tβρ߉ç7÷ès? $tΒ ß‰ç6ôãr& Iω ∩⊇∪ šχρãÏ≈x6ø9$# $pκš‰r'¯≈tƒ ö≅è% ö/ä3s9 ∩∈∪ ߉ç6ôãr& !$tΒ tβρ߉Î7≈tã óΟçFΡr& Iωuρ ∩⊆∪ ÷Λ–n‰t6tã $¨Β Ó‰Î/%tæ O$tΡr& Iωuρ ∩⊂∪ ߉ç7ôãr& ∩∉∪ È⎦⎪ÏŠ u’Í<uρ ö/ä3ãΨƒÏŠ (1) Katakanlah: “Hai orang-orang kafir, (2) aku tidak akan menyembah apa yang kamu sembah. (3) Dan kamu bukan penyembah Tuhan yang aku sembah. (4) Dan aku tidak pernah menjadi penyembah apa yang kamu sembah, (5) dan kamu tidak pernah (pula) menjadi penyembah Tuhan yang aku sembah. (6) Untukmu agamamu, dan untukkulah, agamaku.” (Q.S. Al-Kafirun: 1-6) £]t/uρ $yγy_÷ρy— $pκ÷]ÏΒ t,n=yzuρ ;οy‰Ïn≡uρ <§ø¯Ρ ⎯ÏiΒ /ä3s)n=s{ “Ï%©!$# ãΝä3−/u‘ (#θà)®?$# â¨$¨Ζ9$# $pκš‰r'¯≈tƒ tβ%x. -
The International Newsletter of Communist Studies
THE INTERNATIONAL NEWSLETTER OF COMMUNIST STUDIES Der Internationale Newsletter der Kommunismusforschung La newsletter internationale des recherches sur le communisme Международный бюллетень исторических исследований коммунизма La Newsletter Internacional de Estudios sobre el Comunismo A Newsletter Internacional de Estudos sobre o Comunismo Edited by Bernhard H. Bayerlein and Gleb J. Albert VOL. XXII/XXIII (2016/2017) NO 29-30 Published by The European Workshop of Communist Studies With Support of the Institute of Social Movements and the Library of the Ruhr University Bochum ISSN 1862-698X http://incs.ub.rub.de The International Newsletter of Communist Studies XXII/XXIII (2016/17), nos. 29-30 2 Executive Editor Bernhard H. Bayerlein Honorary Senior Researcher, Institute of Social Movements (ISB), University of Bochum, Germany Associate, Center of Contemporary History Potsdam (ZZF), Germany [email protected] / [email protected] Junior Editor Gleb J. Albert Department of History, University of Zurich [email protected] Assisted by Marcel Bois, Hamburg Board of Correspondents Lars Björlin (Stockholm) Ottokar Luban (Berlin) Kasper Braskén (Åbo) Kevin McDermott (Sheffield) Hernán Camarero (Buenos Aires) Brendan McGeever (London) Cosroe Chaqueri † (Paris) Kevin Morgan (Manchester) Sonia Combe (Paris) Timur Mukhamatulin (New Brunswick) Mathieu Denis (Montréal) Manfred Mugrauer (Wien) Jean-François Fayet (Fribourg) José Pacheco Pereira (Lisbon) Jan Foitzik (Berlin) Fredrik Petersson (Åbo/Stockholm) José Gotovitch (Bruxelles) Adriana -
The Role of Islam in the Construction of the Foreign Economic Relations of the Republic of Indonesia
Ph.D. Thesis — M.S. Williams McMaster University — Political Science ISLAM AND THE FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS OF INDONESIA 1 THE ROLE OF ISLAM IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA By MARK S. WILLIAMS, B.A.H, M.A. A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy McMaster University © Copyright by Mark S. Williams, November 2012 Ph.D. Thesis — M.S. Williams McMaster University — Political Science DOCTORATE OF PHILOSOPHY (2012) McMaster University (Political Science) Hamilton, Ontario TITLE: The Role of Islam in the Construction of the Foreign Economic Relations of the Republic of Indonesia AUTHOR: Mark S. Williams, B.A., M.A. SUPERVISOR: Professor Richard Stubbs NUMBER OF PAGES: viii, 280 ii Ph.D. Thesis — M.S. Williams McMaster University — Political Science Abstract American IPE has traditionally marginalized the role that social forces, and particularly religion, have played in the construction of the international political economy. This dissertation is an examination into the foreign economic relations of the Republic of Indonesia from the perspective of the British school of International Political Economy (IPE). British IPE is used to critically assess what role, if any, the religion of Islam has had in the construction of Indonesia’s foreign economic relations. This research demonstrates that Islamic social forces have influenced the political debates that construct Indonesia’s foreign economic relationships. Mainstream Islamic organizations pushed the state to engage with international institutions of trade and finance throughout the pre‐independence period when Indonesian national identity was being forged, as well as during the parliamentary democracy that followed independence, and into Sukarno’s “Guided Democracy.” The trend from the Suharto era to the early twenty‐first has been the appropriation of Islamic discourse by the state to legitimize its economic policies of engagement with the international political economy. -
Soekarno's Political Thinking About Guided Democracy
e-ISSN : 2528 - 2069 SOEKARNO’S POLITICAL THINKING ABOUT GUIDED DEMOCRACY Author : Gili Argenti and Dini Sri Istining Dias Government Science, State University of Singaperbangsa Karawang (UNSIKA) Email : [email protected] and [email protected] ABSTRACT Soekarno is one of the leaders of the four founders of the Republic of Indonesia, his political thinking is very broad, one of his political thinking about democracy is guided democracy into controversy, in his youth Soekarno was known as a very revolutionary, humanist and progressive figure of political thinkers of his day. His thoughts on leading democracy put his figure as a leader judged authoritarian by his political opponents. This paper is a study of thought about Soekarno, especially his thinking about the concept of democracy which is considered as a political concept typical of Indonesian cultures. Key word: Soekarno, democracy PRELIMINARY Soekarno is one of the four founders of the Republic of Indonesia according to the version of Tempo Magazine, as political figures aligned with Mohammad Hatta, Sutan Sjahrir and Tan Malaka. Soekarno's thought of national politics placed himself as a great thinker that Indonesian ever had. In the typology of political thought, his nationality has been placed as a radical nationalist thinker, since his youthful interest in politics has been enormous. As an active politician, Soekarno poured many of his thinkers into speeches, articles and books. One of Soekarno's highly controversial and inviting notions of polemic up to now is the political thought of guided democracy. Young Soekarno's thoughts were filled with revolutionary idealism and anti-oppression, but at the end of his reign, he became a repressive and anti-democratic thinker. -
THE DISPUTES BETWEEN TJIPTO MANGOENKOESOEMO and SOETATMO SOERIOKOESOEMO: SATRIA VS. PANDITA Takashi Shiraishi in 1918 Major Deba
THE DISPUTES BETWEEN TJIPTO MANGOENKOESOEMO AND SOETATMO SOERIOKOESOEMO: SATRIA VS. PANDITA Takashi Shiraishi In 1918 major debates took place between Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo, a leading proponent of Indies nationalism, and Soetatmo Soeriokoesoemo, a leader of the Com mittee for Javanese Nationalism (Comite voor het Javaansche Nationalisme), first over the question of Indies versus Javanese nationalism, and then over the prob lem of Javanese cultural development. The language of the debates was Dutch, not Javanese or Malay (Indonesian), and 1918, when they occurred, was the year the Volksraad (People's Council) was founded. It was apparently with the Coun cil's opening in mind that Tjipto and Soetatmo engaged in these debates and the audience to which both of them were appealing was the group in the Budi Utomo which was most enthusiastic about the opening of the Volksraad.1 In an atmo sphere where this event was viewed as marking the dawn of a new epoch, a ques tion keenly felt among followers of Budi Utomo was the political and cultural rele vance of Javanese tradition to "progress." Tjipto and Soetatmo addressed this question in their disputes and vied for ideological hegemony among those Dutch- educated lower-priyayi who made up the group in Budi Utomo that supported the Volksraad. The first debate was in fact published in March 1918, just after Tjip- to's nomination as a member of the Volksraad and two months before its formal opening. The second debate took place at the Congress for Javanese Cultural Development, which was held in Solo in July 1918, in conjunction with the annual meetings of the Budi Utomo, PHGB (Perserikatan Guru Hindia Belanda), and Oud- 'OSVIA'-nen-bond,2 and just after the end of the Volksraad's first session.